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HP-Innowax capillary column was selected and the content of menthol, triacetin and nicotine in mint cigarette filter was determined by gas chromatography with anhydrous ethanol as extraction solvent. The results showed that: The linear relationship was good among menthol, triacetic acid and nicotine in the concentration range of 0. 30 ~4. 80 g ⋅ L-1, 0. 30 ~4. 80 g ⋅ L-1 and 0. 01 ~0. 16 g ⋅ L-1, respectively, the limit of quantification was 14.4 µg ⋅ branch-1,29. 8 µg ⋅ branch-1 and 9.6 µg ⋅ branch-1, the spiked recoveries of the three targets ranged from 97. 1% to 103. 1%, and the determination result of 7 mint cigarette filter samples by this method showed that the relative standard deviations ( RSD) were less than 3.0%. The content of menthol in the menthol cigarette filter was significantly higher than that of the traditional menthol cigarette filter, while the change of nicotine and triacetin content had no obvious change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Endowing materials with specific functions that are not readily available is always of great importance, but extremely challenging. Co4N, with its beneficial metallic characteristics, has been proved to be highly active for the oxidation of water, while it is notoriously poor for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), because of its unfavorable d‐band energy level. Herein, we successfully endow Co4N with prominent HER catalytic capability by tailoring the positions of the d‐band center through transition‐metal doping. The V‐doped Co4N nanosheets display an overpotential of 37 mV at 10 mA cm−2, which is substantially better than Co4N and even close to the benchmark Pt/C catalysts. XANES, UPS, and DFT calculations consistently reveal the enhanced performance is attributed to the downshift of the d‐band center, which helps facilitate the H desorption. This concept could provide valuable insights into the design of other catalysts for HER and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3d transition metals or their derivatives encapsulated in nitrogen-doped nanocarbon show promising potential in non-precious metal oxygen electrocatalysts. Herein, we describe the simple construction of a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst with a “framework-active sites” structure, namely Fe/Fe3C@C (Fe@C) nanoparticles encapsulated in 3D N-doped graphene and bamboo-like CNTs (Fe@C–NG/NCNTs). The Fe@C structure provides additional electrons on the carbon surface, promoting the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on adjacent Fe–Nx active sites. The 3D NG hybrid with a bamboo-like CNTs framework facilitates fast reactant diffusion and rapid electron transfer. The optimized sample displays excellent ORR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity, with a potential difference of only 0.84 V; this places it among the best bifunctional ORR/OER electrocatalysts. Most importantly, Zn–air batteries using Fe@C–NG/NCNTs as the cathode catalyst deliver a peak power density of 101.2 mW cm−2 and a specific capacity of 682.6 mA h g−1 (energy density of 764.5 W h kg−1). After 297 continuous cycle tests (99 h), the rechargeable batteries using Fe@C–NG/NCNTs show a voltage gap increase of only 0.13 V, almost half that of Pt/C + Ir/C (0.22 V) under the same conditions. This work provides new insight into advanced electrocatalysts utilizing the structural features of host nanocarbon materials and guest active species toward energy conversion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed an one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize carbon-nitrogen quantum dots (CNQDs) with oxygen-rich functional groups. The sample was characterized by TEM, AFM, FT-IR, XPS, UV–vis absorption and PL spectra. The O/C and N/C atomic ratio of typical CNQDs with diameters of 3–6 nm are ca. 0.4 and 0.2, respectively. Without noble metal cocatalyst, the photocatalytic H 2 production rate of CNQDs/TiO 2 nanofibers (NFs) (112.4 μmol h −1 g −1 ) is 1.8 times higher than that of TiO 2 NFs. The good absorption of light contributes to the enhanced photocatalytic H 2 performance. The CNQDs could be promising in biomedical imaging, optical data recording storage and photo/electrocatalysis, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invited for this month′s cover is the groups of Jiang Huang and Yanlong Gu at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. The image shows a new method for the separation of dimethyl sulfoxide from a reaction solution of synthesizing 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural by means of using a cellulose microgel fabricated by electron beam irradiation as a bio‐based absorbant. The Research Article itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202201755. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unfortunately, owing to the high boiling point of DMSO and intrinsically good hydrophilicity, synthesis of HMF is usually plagued by its difficult separation from DMSO. Front Cover: Electron Beam Etching of Cellulose Microgels for Absorptive Separation of DMSO from Reactions of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Synthesis (ChemSusChem 3/2023) Keywords: 5-hydroxymethylfurfural; biomass; cellulose; microgels; separation EN 5-hydroxymethylfurfural biomass cellulose microgels separation 1 1 1 02/10/23 20230208 NES 230208 B The Front Cover b shows a cellulose-based microgel (the red flower in the center) fabricated with the aid of electron beam etching (light irradiation) that is capable of efficiently separating dimethyl sulfone (DMSO) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). [Extracted from the article]

Previous studies have demonstrated the correlations between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors in adolescents, however, limited attention has been paid to the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms, and studies focused on young adults are scarce. This study explored the association between cyberbullying victimization and disordered eating behaviors and the underlying mechanisms in a sample of young adults using a longitudinal design. A total of 955 Chinese young adults completed the Cyber Victim Subscale of the Cyber Victim and Bullying Scale, the Self-surveillance Subscale of the Objectified Body Consciousness Scale, the Self-compassion Scale-Short Form, and the Dutch Eating Behaviors Questionnaire three times with a 3-months interval. The results indicated that cyberbullying victimization was positively correlated with emotional eating and external eating after six months, but not with restrained eating. Moreover, self-compassion and self-objectification mediated the associations between cyberbullying victimization and the three kinds of disordered eating behaviors, however, in different ways. In the associations of cyberbullying victimization with restrained eating and external eating, the independent mediating effect of self-objectification and the serial mediating effect were significant, while in the association between cyberbullying victimization and emotional eating, only the independent mediating effect of self-compassion was significant. The findings indicated that the relations between cyberbullying with different kinds of disordered eating behaviors might have different mediation mechanisms, which sheds light on the prevention and intervention for disordered eating behaviors associated with cyberbullying in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and rapid magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) based dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) method coupled with HPLC-DAD has been proposed for simultaneous determination of three estrogens (17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and diethylstilbestrol (DES)) in pork samples. In this paper, the synthesis of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB)-coated Fe 3 O 4 @caprylic acid NPs as an efficient sorbent for its high surface area, excellent adsorption capacity, good dispersion ability and high super-paramagnetic property was successfully applied to adsorb estrogens. Vortex was used to enhance mass transfer rate as it provided mild and effective mixing of sample solution and increased the contact between analytes and MNPs. The parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated in detail. The dosages of sorbent and eluate are 100 μL and 500 μL, respectively. The extraction equilibrium was achieved within 2 min and the MNPs can be reused. The proposed technique provided high recoveries (93.3–106.7%), good linearity (0.9993–0.9999), low LODs (0.021–0.033 ng mL −1 ) and repeatability (RSD% = 1.87–2.92). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The significance of insulin antibody (IA) detection in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has received scant attention from county hospitals in China. We aimed to introduce exogenous IA positive rate and its relative factors in T2DM treated with insulin in Xiangshan County of Ningbo City, analyzing the immunogenicity of different kinds of insulin. Methods: Patients who were residents from the Danxi community and six towns (Dongchen, Xizhou, Maoyang, Sizhoutou, Juexi, and Qiangtou) in Xiangshan County and diagnosed with T2DM and treated with insulins at Xiangshan Hospital of TCM Medical and Health Group between August 2019 and June 2020 were identified. Those who met the eligibility criteria were included and assigned to the IA-positive or IA-negative group. The immunogenicity of different insulins was compared between the two groups. Results: Among 992 patients, 781 were eligible for IA detection, and 40.2% of them were IA positive. Blood IA was closely associated with fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, and C peptide levels and higher insulin dosage. Patients receiving basal insulin treatment showed significantly lower blood IA than those treated with mixed human insulin, premixed human insulins, rapid-acting analogs, or a combination of basal and rapid-acting analogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the initial screening characteristics of women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) who did or did not respond to 2.5 mg letrozole (LET). Methods: The clinical and laboratory characteristics of women with PCOS who underwent LET treatment were evaluated. Women with PCOS were stratified according to their responses to LET (2.5 mg). The potential predictors of their responses to LET were estimated using logistic regression analysis. Results: Our retrospective study included 214 eligible patients with a response to 2.5 mg LET (n = 131) or no response to 2.5 mg LET (n = 83). PCOS patients who responded to 2.5 mg LET showed better outcomes than those who did not (2.5 mg LET) for pregnancy rate, live birth rate, pregnancy rate per patient, and live birth rate per patient. Logistic regression analyses showed that late menarche (odds ratio [OR], 1.79 [95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.22–2.64], P = 0.003), and increased anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) (OR, 1.12 [95% CI, 1.02–1.23], P = 0.02), baseline luteinizing hormone (LH)/ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) (OR, 3.73 [95% CI, 2.12–6.64], P < 0.001), and free androgen index (FAI) (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.16–1.64], P < 0.001) were associated with a higher possibility of no response to 2.5 mg LET. Conclusions: PCOS patients with an increased LH/FSH ratio, AMH, FAI, and late menarche may need an increased dosage of LET for a treatment response, which could be helpful in designing a personalized treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to value-added chemicals is of great potential in maintaining carbon balance and alleviating energy shortage. Stabilizing and accelerating the formation of *OCHO intermediate is the key to achieve high-selectivity formate production. Herein, Bi nanoparticles embedded in pyrrolic-N-dominated doped carbon nanosheets (~10 nm) (PNCB) delivered a maximum formate selectivity of 94.8% (−1.05 V) and a partial current density of − 22 mA cm−2 in H-type electrolyzers. According to theoretical calculation results, the critical pyrrolic-N doping in carbon nanosheets promoted electron transfer from N to Bi atoms, which facilitates stabilizing *OCHO intermediate and boosting formate formation. The rechargeable Zn-CO 2 batteries applying PNCB as anode catalysts displayed the maximum power density of 1.43 mW cm−2 with CO emission below 11%. For coupled CO 2 reduction (catalyzed by PNCB) and oxygen evolution (catalyzed by 10 wt% Ir/C), a large current density up to 180 mA cm−2 in flow cells was also achieved. This work provides an effective strategy to regulate the support components and electron accumulation towards electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction to formate as well as related clean energy devices. [Display omitted] • TThe PNCB achieved a high HCOO- selectivity (94.8%) and a large current density (-22 mA cm-2) at -1.05 V. • Pyrrolic-N doping induced electron accumulation towards Bi to reduce *OCHO formation energy barrier. • The Zn-CO 2 batteries with low CO emission (< 11%) displayed a maximum power density of 1.43 mW cm−2. • Coupling CO 2 RR with OER, a larger current density of 180 mA cm−2 in flow cells was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this study was to develop and optimize a questionnaire-based zygosity determination method in Chinese adolescent twins. Participants were 471 pairs of same-sex twins (345 monozygotic, 126 dizygotic) with a mean age of 14.56 years (SD=2.62). A second sample was recruited for cross-validation, including 382 pairs of same-sex twins (261 monozygotic, 121 dizygotic) with a mean age of 12.53 years (SD=2.22). The questionnaire consisted of 12 questions dealing with co-twin similarity or frequency of confusion. Two means were put forward to improve the predictive accuracy of the questionnaire--adding parent-reports to the analysis, and using a 2-point rather than 3-point response format. DNA genotyping was performed on nine short tandem repeat loci, with an estimated zygosity classification accuracy very close to 100%. The validity of all questionnaires was assessed by being compared to the results of DNA analysis. Results of stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the predictive accuracy of the 3-point self-reported questionnaire is 83.8%. Using parent-reports and 2-point scale led to 3.9% and 4.6% increase in predictive accuracy, respectively. When using the parent-reports and children's self-reports jointly, the predictive accuracy was enhanced to 90.6%. For the cross-validation, the equations and cut-offs derived from the first sample led to an acceptable accuracy (91.3%) in the second sample. In conclusion, the method we developed can be used in future studies among Chinese adolescent twins. Multiple-rater and 2-point response format were suggested for all twin studies for enhancing the predictive accuracy of questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]