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Copyright of Journal of Technology Economics is the property of Chinese Society of Technology Economics and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

AIM: Research self-efficacy helps predict the individual interest and confidence in conducting research. The study was conducted to identify the research self-efficacy among nurses working in a group of tertiary hospitals and their research-related behavior. METHOD: The study design was descriptive cross-sectional and conducted among nurses at Hamad Medical Corporation, Qatar Convenient sampling was done and 500 is the sample size. Data were collected through an online survey during 2 months in 2019 by using a validated "Nursing Research Self-Efficacy Scale" questionnaire. The scale includes 38 items under five domains, and the response was collected on a Likert scale from 1 to 5. The authors of the scale suggested excellent reliability score for the subscales, ranging from .94 to .97 and the existence of subscales was supported by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. RESULTS: A completed survey was collected from 780 nurses. The mean self-efficacy score was 2.92 ± 0.97. The mean score for the subscale of obtaining science-based knowledge resources was the highest (3.24 ± 1.03) and the lowest for critically read and evaluate qualitative research literature (2.63 ± 1.12). Nurses with higher educational qualifications and those who enrolled in any educational program further to their nursing education have statistically significantly high research self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: The overall research self-efficacy of working nurses is moderate. However, nurses' confidence in the ability to perform critiquing research and understand the concept and methodology in research is minimal. Introduction of nurse-tailored research training, which covers fundamental aspects of research to an advanced level, will help make them more confident in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale is a tool utilized to assess the effectiveness of a family as a functioning system. The scale has a single-factor structure with good validity and reliability. However, there is a shortage of psychometric evidence of the scale in an Arab context. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale among Algerian students. A cross-sectional study was conducted to recruit 300 students from Algerian universities. The students completed the 20-item Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale, Arabic version, to measure their beliefs regarding collective efficacy within families. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the Rasch model were employed to assess the psychometric properties and unidimensionality of the scale. Both CFA and Rasch findings supported the single-factor structure for the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. Specifically, the CFA indicated that the data aligned with a one-dimensional model. The Rasch analysis revealed favorable indicators of unidimensionality for the scale. Moreover, a thorough examination of the Principal Component Analysis of the Rasch residuals confirmed the existence of a single dimension, which is consistent with the original structure of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. These findings provide scientific evidence for the validity and unidimensional nature of the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale. Specifically, the satisfactory psychometric properties findings indicate that the Perceived Collective Family Efficacy Scale could be applied in an Arab context (i.e., in Algerian). The scale's unidimensional structure underscores its effectiveness in measuring beliefs in collective efficacy within families. These results enhance our understanding of family dynamics and provide a reliable measurement tool for assessing family efficacy in similar cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by the transactional model of stress and coping, we examined the association between climate change exposure and climate change worry among Israeli adults, with the interplay of risk appraisal, collective efficacy, age, and gender. Using an online survey with 402 participants, we found moderate levels of climate change worry. Higher climate change exposure, increased risk appraisal, and greater collective efficacy were associated with higher worry levels. Climate change risk appraisal mediated the relationship between climate change exposure and worry, whereas gender moderated the association between collective efficacy and worry. This study highlights the significant impact of climate change exposure on worry, emphasizing the roles of risk appraisal and collective efficacy, particularly among women, and underscores the need for tailored interventions to address emotional responses to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of community engagement through social accountability on service users' values, attitudes and interactions. We conducted a pre–post study of the community and provider driven social accountability intervention (CaPSAI) over a 12-month period among 1,500 service users in 8 health facilites in Ghana and in Tanzania (n = 3,000). In both countries, there were significant improvements in women's participation in household decision-making and in how service users' perceive their treatment by health workers. In both settings, however, there was a decline in women's knowledge of rights, perception of service quality, awareness of accountability mechanisms and collective efficacy in the community. Though CaPSAI intervention set out to change the values, attitudes, and interactions between community members and those providing contraceptive services, there were changes in different directions that require closer examination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rich literature about the benefits of the Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) for schools. However, evidence on teacher‐related outcomes is relatively limited. The current study examines the effect of the PBIS Tier 1 implementation on collective teacher efficacy (CTE). Participants were 530 teachers from 60 primary schools in Cyprus and Greece, who completed the Collective Teacher Efficacy Belief Scale (CTEBS) before and after a 1‐year PBIS implementation. The Greek language version of the instrument was tested and validated. Results were in line with the original two‐dimensional structure of instructional strategies and behavioral management, with adequate internal consistency (ω = 0.89 and ω = 0.87, respectively). Multilevel analyses showed that premeasurement and Tier 1 implementation fidelity along with selected teachers' demographic characteristics accounted for a considerable amount of variance of CTE's both dimensions (30.84% and 25.43% for instructional strategies and behavioral management, respectively). The results suggest that PBIS Tier 1 training and subsequent implementation contributes to teachers' collective belief that they can provide quality teaching opportunities and manage unexpected behaviors as a team. Schools are encouraged to consider the application of whole‐school approaches for improvement and actively engage all school staff in their efforts. Implications for practice and further research are discussed. Practitioner points: The PBIS Tier 1 implementation fidelity predicted collective teacher efficacy.The intervention increased teachers' perceived ability to provide quality instruction.Whole‐school approaches are suggested for collectively improving behavioral management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study examines how media connectedness influences collective efficacy and civic participation in post-disaster Fukushima. The Fukushima Nuclear Disaster in March 2011 permanently changed the lives of Fukushima residents by altering their physical and social environments. The majority of Fukushima residents have been dealing with a new, negative identity related to "Fukushima" imposed upon them. In such a context, the study takes an ecological perspective to examine how people's connectedness to macro- and meso-level media are related to their collective efficacy and civic participation. Based on communication infrastructure theory, the study found that traditional and social media local storytelling have direct effects on collective efficacy, while mainstream media connectedness has indirect effects on collective efficacy via local storytelling. Mainstream media connectedness and local storytelling have indirect effects on offline civic participation via collective efficacy. This study is one of the few that examined how storytelling on different levels and platforms directly or indirectly affects community outcomes. Implications of the results in the context of Fukushima and other disaster situations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public efficacy beliefs against COVID‐19 might affect a person's coping strategy toward infection control. This study presented a synthetic conceptual model based on the Integrative Model of Behavioural Prediction (IMBP). We examined inductively the relationships among media exposure, efficacy beliefs, attribution of responsibilities and recommended protective behavioural intention using a survey of 435 participants who experienced the epidemic in China. Results suggest that traditional media exposure could stably and consistently enhance people's self‐efficacy, collective efficacy as well as proxy efficacy, whereas social media exposure only increases the degree of self‐efficacy. Furthermore, we detect that protective behavioural intention is directly affected by self‐efficacy and indirectly affected by collective efficacy and proxy efficacy via the mediation of self‐efficacy. At the same time, the influence of self‐efficacy on attribution of responsibilities and protective behaviours can be moderated by collective efficacy and proxy efficacy, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Research demonstrates that play is promotive of health and development in children across multiple domains. Outdoor play may be especially beneficial as environmental elements are conducive to recreation and relaxation. Maternal perception of neighbourhood collective efficacy (NCE), or sense of cohesion among residents, may be a form of social capital especially effective in promoting outdoor play, and thus healthy development. Yet little research has examined the long‐term benefits of play beyond childhood. Methods: We utilized longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4441) to evaluate outdoor play during middle childhood as a mediator between perceived NCE in early childhood and adolescent health determinants. Maternal self‐reported perceived NCE at age 5, children's outdoor play was assessed at age 9 and adolescents' self‐reported height, weight, physical activity and depressive and anxiety symptoms at age 15. Results: Total play served as mediator between NCE and later adolescent health determinants. Perceived NCE in early childhood (age 5) significantly predicted more total play in middle childhood (age 9), which in turn predicted more physical activity and lower anxiety symptoms in adolescence (age 15). Conclusions: Consistent with a developmental cascades approach, maternal perceptions of NCE shaped children's engagement in outdoor play that may serve as a foundation for later emerging health behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community‐oriented policing (COP) has been a central tenet in policing for the past three decades. Accordingly, studies have examined its effectiveness in reducing citizen's fear of crime, one of the legitimate objectives of COP. However, the results of studies are somewhat unclear about the effectiveness. Objectives: his study attempts to disclose how COP program affects citizens' fear of crime using two waves of survey data collected from citizen participants of the COP program in Houston, Texas. Methods: Structural equation modeling is employed for analysis in this study. Results: The findings of this study reveal that COP contributed to reducing fear of crime. In particular, the crime prevention‐related information learned at the COP program increased the participants' sense of collective efficacy, which shows a positive impact on reducing fear of crime. Conclusions: This study suggest that providing crime prevention information at COP program is important to strengthen volunteer's informal social control, which contribute to reducing their fear of crime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pupils' behaviour can affect teacher morale, attrition, and exclusions. Teachers' efficacy beliefs can serve as a protective factor against stress and burnout. This study examined a possible association between teachers' collective efficacy (CE) beliefs and exclusion rates, and whether student-teacher relationships (STRs) affected CE beliefs and teachers' views about how they responded to difficult behaviour. A mixed methods design was utilised with four secondary schools in one UK local authority. A questionnaire ascertained CE beliefs. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews with ten teachers, with high and low CE, were conducted. A significant association was found between CE and the rate of fixed term exclusions. Interview data revealed four broad themes: The "Quality of Relationships"; the effects on "Efficacy Beliefs"; less "Reliance on Disciplinary Approaches" and having "Greater Tolerance". Positive STRs enable teachers to provide an environment in which behaviours are more respectful, reducing the need for disciplinary approaches, such as exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linkage between group members' characteristics, group cohesiveness, knowledge application, and competitive performance has rarely been studied. This study aimed to explore the correlations among individual characteristics (i.e. prosociality), collective mind (i.e. collective efficacy and cohesiveness), and how these variables affect scientific knowledge application. This study examined a STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) competition, called the GreenMech contest, which required four members in a group to assemble all parts into many configurations for a ball to run and trigger the next junctures. The competition groups assembled their configurations in the morning, with judges assessing their efforts in the afternoon. The bulk of the scoring index in the assessment focused on groups' scientific knowledge application in the overall design. In addition to this assessment, this study additionally used questionnaire surveys for participants to self-rate their perceptions of those individual traits and collective states. Prosociality is positively related to collective efficacy and cohesiveness, while collective efficacy is positively related to cohesiveness. Moreover, these two types of collective mind were both positively related to the application of scientific knowledge. The findings suggest that team members with a higher level of prosociality may provide collective efficacy and cohesiveness, which in turn can facilitate their achievement of competition goals by increasing their application of scientific knowledge in a STEAM contest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Social workers engage with marginalized communities impacted by challenges that are intensely complex and dynamic. This necessitates designing strategies and interventions that are sustainable, effective, nonduplicative and collaborative across systems and organizations. This article aims to provide a synthesis of three frameworks that can intersect to facilitate systems-level change: community practice, collective impact, and design thinking. Each framework provides unique contributions for bolstering contemporary macro social work practice. Findings: The article provides an overview of the three frameworks and their distinctive features, limitations, and points of intersection. The integration of community practice with collective impact and design thinking frameworks for enabling social workers to come up with innovative solutions that include diverse stakeholder perspectives is elucidated with a case example. Application: The article specifies the implications of integrating community practice, collective impact, and design thinking for further strengthening social work practice, education, and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study examined the impact of the pandemic on the preceptor role in out-of-hospital settings, including the preceptor/new nurse working relationship prepandemic and the challenges encountered during the pandemic. On the basis of the study findings, suggestions for adapting preceptor education to address this working relationship in the "new normal" including more preparation for "letting go" of the preceptor/new nurse relationship and the increased use of technology for just-in-time learning for the preceptor are highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extant team affect literature is silent on how team hopelessness may impact team functioning and, more importantly, how leaders may help to regulate it. Relying on the Appraisal‐Tendency Framework of emotion, this paper examines the effect of team hopelessness on team performance, as well as its underlying mechanism, collective efficacy. It also explores how leaders' use of two different interpersonal emotion management (IEM) strategies can moderate this relationship. Across two field studies involving 80 and 170 workplace teams, respectively, we consistently find that team hopelessness negatively impacts team performance through reduced collective efficacy. Moreover, leaders' use of a problem‐focused IEM strategy weakens the negative relationship between team hopelessness and team performance via collective efficacy, while their use of an emotion‐focused IEM strategy strengthens it. Our research highlights the detrimental effect of team hopelessness on team functioning and the various consequences of different leader IEM strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Social Sciences Studies is the property of Social Sciences Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gun violence within Latine communities in New Mexico is on the rise and shows no signs of slowing down. The disparities in gun violence experiences mirror the structural and social position factors which negatively and disproportionately impact Latine people. In response to firearm-related deaths nearly doubling over the last decade, New Mexican legislators have been pressured to implement gun violence prevention policies. However well intended, these strategies often fail to address the structural inequities that underlie the rise in gun violence within Latine communities. There is an urgent need for research to better understand the unique experiences of Latine persons and their experiences in both gun violence and prevention. From a social ecological perspective, examining the structural barriers and facilitators which impede Latine involvement in gun violence prevention is critical to interrupting the cycles which render this group more susceptible. A deeper understanding of the factors associated with both gun violence and prevention is crucial for developing informed and culturally sensitive policies and interventions. This conceptual paper explores theory and research to better understand how gun violence impacts Latine communities and creates a conceptual framework to improve healthcare workers' ability to encourage empowerment and efficacy regarding Latine engagement in gun violence prevention efforts. The objective of this paper is to analyze research from disciplines in the social and health sciences focusing on the experiences of Latine persons and groups experiencing gun violence and engaging in gun violence prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current project examines whether perceptions of collective efficacy are racialized. Using a sample of Black and Latinx young adults in Chicago, we first investigate whether perceptions of discrimination vary across Chicago's neighborhoods and whether neighborhood-level structural characteristics (concentrated disadvantage, immigrant concentration, residential stability) or neighborhood social processes (neighborhood-level collective efficacy) are related to their perceptions of discrimination. Our estimations show that perceptions of discrimination are endemic to Chicago's neighborhoods and are not related with neighborhood-level structural characteristics. Second, we examine whether perceptions of discrimination predict perceiving less collective efficacy while controlling for neighborhood characteristics. Overall, individuals perceive less collective efficacy when they perceive being discriminated against. Third, we analyze the sources of perceptions of collective efficacy separately for Black and Latinx individuals. These results suggest that discrimination shapes Black individuals' perceptions of their neighbors but do not hold for Latinx individuals. Supplemental analyses reveal that for Latinx individuals, discrimination undermines perceptions of collective efficacy only when is framed as related to their race. Taken together, our results suggest that racism is embedded in the way racialized individuals perceive their neighbors' agreement regarding norms of intervention. In short, the results suggest that the formation of collective efficacy is racialized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To examine the associations between social processes and mechanisms within the community and risky sexual behaviour (RSB) among adolescents and young adults. Design: Systematic review. Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines and conducted a literature search in August 2020. From 11,216 identified articles, 605 were for full‐text screen. We used 24 articles, 22 after applying inclusion criteria and 2 manually searched relevant articles. Results: Social processes and mechanisms within the community included collective efficiency and social support, community safety and community norm. Collective efficacy and social support and community safety were examined using 10 and 16 studies, respectively. We found that collective efficiency and social support, and community norms partially supported the occurrences of RSB among adolescents and young adults. Community safety displayed inconclusive relationships with RSB. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of social processes and mechanisms within the community in preventing RSB among adolescents and young adults. Community‐based programs to improve community efficacy and social support would be effective strategies to reduce such RSB and to promote better reproductive health among adolescents and young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental protection laws are useful tools for promoting sustainability by eradicating anti-environmental behavior while encouraging alternative sustainable behaviors. However, the achievement of these goals relies on the psychosocial processes underlying the behaviors of the people in charge of the enforcement of these laws. Conservation officers play a central role in the enforcement of these laws, but their intervention behavior has not been assessed in relation to their perceptions of their working conditions. To fill this gap, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 128 conservation officers from four public authorities responsible for enforcing environmental law in a territory with a high level of legal environmental protection. The main results show that the participants have similarities and differences with conservation officers from other territories in their perception of their working conditions. Likewise, it was found that self-efficacy and satisfaction influence their intervention behavior, both directly and through their goals. The role of descriptive social norms as well as the relation of collective efficacy and self-efficacy and satisfaction were also revealed. Policy implications of these findings involve the need to improve communication between prosecutors, judges and conservation officers, as well as the enhancement of conservation officers' collective efficacy, self-efficacy and skills used to educate people in avoiding damaging the environment and collaborating in its protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes what it means to be a comprehensive teachers union, one that integrates industrial unionism, professional unionism, and social justice unionism, providing a historical context for this evolution. The author relates his own journey in becoming a union organizer and then in building public spaces for teachers to find their collective voice and power, first in more adversarial settings and then through labor-management collaboration in the professional setting of teaching and learning. He describes how the union becomes the vehicle for transforming teaching into a genuine profession and how this collective efficacy can be realized against a deeply entrenched top-down command-and-control system. The union cannot make this journey alone; it has to do it in partnership with school management and school boards through labor-management collaboration and a systems transformation vision and strategy. Ultimately, this is a strategy not only to democratize teaching but also to democratize learning for students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to explore the experience of Hispanic cancer survivors participating in Active Living After Cancer (ALAC), a community-based physical activity program. We analyzed participation and satisfaction data from 250 participants who completed the program from 2017 to 2020 (55% Hispanic, 28% Black, 14% non-Hispanic White). Using a hybrid coding approach, open-text survey comments responses from Hispanic participants (n = 138) were qualitatively analyzed and key themes developed to better contextualize the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis revealed that Hispanic participants attended an average of 9.44 out of 12 sessions. There were no differences in attendance by race/ethnicity; however, Hispanic participants reported significantly higher overall satisfaction ratings than non-Hispanic White participants (4.93 vs 4.65 on a 5-point scale). Open-ended comments indicated that Hispanic ALAC participants experience collective efficacy, self-efficacy, and self-regulation, through observational learning enabled by program facilitation. The ALAC program is highly acceptable and relevant to Hispanic cancer survivors and will inform the continued expansion of other community-based survivorship programs for Hispanic communities throughout Texas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People who are homeless disproportionately experience the burdens of chronic disease, have limited access to preventive care, and may be less trusting of healthcare agencies. The Collective Impact Project created and evaluated an innovative model designed to increase chronic disease screening and referral to healthcare and public health services. Trained Peer Navigators (PNs), who were paid staff with lived experiences similar to the clients served, were embedded in five agencies serving people experiencing homelessness or at risk for homelessness. Over two years, PNs engaged 1071 individuals. Of those, 823 were screened for chronic diseases and 429 were referred to healthcare services. Alongside screening and referrals, the project demonstrated the value of convening a coalition of community stakeholders, experts, and resources to identify service gaps and how PN functions might complement existing staffing roles. Project findings add to a growing literature documenting unique PN roles that potentially reduce health inequities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to investigate variations between schools when it comes to gambling and risk gambling, and, in particular, to analyse the links between school collective efficacy and student gambling and risk gambling. The data consists of official register information on schools as well as survey data collected in 2016 among 1,061 teachers and 5,191 students in 46 Stockholm upper secondary schools. School collective efficacy was operationalized on the basis of teacher responses, which were aggregated to the school level. Gambling and risk gambling were based on students' self-reports. Two-level binary logistic regression analyses were performed. The results show that there is between-school variation in gambling and in all the study's indicators of risk gambling. Both gambling and risk gambling were more commonly reported by students attending schools with weak collective efficacy, even when adjusting for student- and school-level sociodemographic characteristics. The findings suggest that conditions at school may counteract students' engagement in gambling and risk gambling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residents of Fukushima Prefecture continue to face trauma after Japan's 2011 nuclear disaster. While there remains a substantial presence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the prefecture, and the majority of literature tends to view PTSD as an individual psychological disease that can be ameliorated; there is little understanding about how individuals experiencing PTSD influence their communities over time. The present research employs Barton's collective stress theory and Ball-Rokeach et al.'s communication infrastructure theory to examine multilevel effects of individual-level trauma and offers a new term, long-term socio-psychological disaster impact (LTSDI). LTSDI modifies pre-existing notions of persistent PTSD to a neutral understanding of experiences of symptomology and various levels of individuals' impacts on their communities. Survey research conducted in Fukushima eight years after the disaster and analyses employing structural equation modeling found individuals experiencing LTSDI can positively contribute to their communities through community connectedness, a measure of interpersonal storytelling, collective efficacy, and civic participation. Implications of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent societal and governmental concerns about transparency and corruption-free governance have created a need for a more transparent and fair leadership style. Resultantly, in the last decade, authentic leadership has been a focus of scholarly attention. Authentic leadership is a relatively emerging leadership style characterized by transparency and relational fairness. Taking a different and challenging route, this study focuses on team phenomena rather than individual outcomes. We develop a multilevel model in which we study the impact of authentic leadership on team performance and team commitment. Underlying psychological mechanisms are also uncovered, and we study the intervening role of collective efficacy. We collected data from 60 teams working in the manufacturing sector of Pakistan. Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis and multilevel structural equation modeling were conducted using Mplus. The results largely supported the study hypotheses and confirmed the direct and indirect effects of authentic leadership on team performance and team commitment. Theoretical contributions and practical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has examined various critical factors on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) which treated OCB as a criterion variable instead of antecedent or mediator. Thus, the present study seeks to expand on research concerning OCB by examining the mediating mechanism of OCB on the relationship between trust and efficacy constructs. Questionnaires were administered to 255 public secondary school teachers in Malaysia. The key statistical results in this study reveal that OCB fully mediated the relationship between trust and teacher self-efficacy. Whereas the relationship between trust and collective efficacy was partially mediated by OCB. Similarly, collective efficacy partially mediated the link between OCB and teacher self-efficacy. This implies that OCB can be an effective mediator as well as an antecedent in the current research model. The originality of this study rests in shedding light on the interplay between OCB and efficacy constructs among teachers. It's also highlighting the critical role of OCB and trust for improving teacher's efficacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficacy beliefs and communication are key constructs that have been targeted to develop task cohesion. This study's purpose was to (a) examine whether collective efficacy, team-focused other-efficacy, and team-focused relation-inferred self-efficacy are predictive of task cohesion and (b) evaluate the possibility that communication mediates efficacy–task cohesion relationships. British university team-sport athletes (N = 250) completed questionnaires assessing efficacy beliefs, communication (i.e., positive conflict, negative conflict, and acceptance communication), and task cohesion (i.e., attractions to group, group integration). Data were subjected to a multigroup path analysis to test mediation hypotheses while also addressing potential differences across males and females. Across all athletes, collective efficacy and team-focused other-efficacy significantly predicted attractions to group and group integration directly. Positive conflict and acceptance communication significantly mediated relationships between efficacy (team-focused other-efficacy, collective efficacy) and cohesion (attractions to group, group integration). Findings suggest that enhancing athletes' collective efficacy and team-focused efficacy beliefs will encourage communication factors affecting task cohesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations maintain their desired level of cybersecurity by evaluating the information security (ISec) effectiveness of their organizational units. Numerous ISec studies have delved into examining individual compliance, yet studies that develop an understanding about achieving the desired effect of the workgroup ISec have been scarce in the literature. Against this backdrop, this research note draws on the input–process– output framework to take a multilevel approach and examines how an individual security factor (“individual self-efficacy”) and two core workgroup mechanisms (“workgroup collective efficacy”and “security knowledge coordination”) can together affect workgroup information security effectiveness (WISE). Using a survey, data for the independent variables of the study was collected from 68 branch offices (with 536 employees in total) of a law enforcement agency in South Korea. Separately, for WISE, we obtained the branch offices’ annual security assessment scores from the organization. The results reveal the cross-level nature of WISE, suggesting that group mechanisms significantly mediate the relationship between individual self-efficacy and WISE. The results support the view that group mechanisms are important in ISec management and need to be considered alongside the individual-level analysis in the pursuit of workgroup ISec performance. The findings provide insightful implications for both theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is well known that police recorded crime data is susceptible to substantial measurement error. However, despite its limitations, police data is widely used in regression models exploring the causes and effects of crime, which can lead to different types of bias. Here, we introduce a new R package ('rcme': Recounting Crime with Measurement Error) that can be used to facilitate sensitivity assessments of the impact of measurement error in analyses using police recorded crime rates across a wide range of settings. To demonstrate the potential of such sensitivity analysis, we explore the robustness of the effect of collective efficacy on criminal damage across Greater London's neighbourhoods. We show how the crime reduction effect attributed to collective efficacy appears robust, even when most criminal damage incidents are not recorded by the police, and if we accept that under-recording rates are moderately affected by collective efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a study of emotional reactions to climate change utilizing representative samples from France, Germany, Norway, and the United Kingdom (UK). Drawing on appraisal theories of emotion, we examine relations between appraisals, emotions, and behavioral intentions in the context of climate change. We compare the four countries concerning emotional differences and commonalities and relate our findings to pertinent models of cultural values. Five distinct emotions were measured: worry, hope, fear, outrage, and guilt. In addition, the survey asked respondents to appraise a set of climate-related statements, such as the causality of climate change, or the efficacy of mitigation efforts. Also, a set of climate-relevant actions, such as willingness to reduce energy consumption or support for climate policies, was assessed. Findings show that appraisals of human causation and moral concern were associated with worry and outrage, and appraisals of efficacy and technological solutions were associated with hope. Worry and outrage are associated with intentions to reduce one’s energy consumption, whereas hope and guilt are related to support for policies such as tax and price increases. A country comparison shows that French respondents score high on outrage and worry and tend to engage in individual behaviors to mitigate climate change, whereas Norwegian respondents score high on hope and show a tendency to support policies of cost increase. Generally, worry is the most and guilt the least intense emotion. Moral concerns and perceived collective efficacy of one’s country in addressing climate change are relatively strong in France, while beliefs in human causation and in negative impacts of climate change prevail in Germany, and confidence in technological solutions are prevalent in Norway. In sum, findings reveal typical patterns of emotional responses in the four countries and confirm systematic associations between emotions and appraisals as well as between emotions and behaviors. Relating these findings to models of cultural values reveals that Norway, endorsing secular and egalitarian values, is characterized by hope and confidence in technological solutions, whereas France and Germany, emphasizing relatively more hierarchical and traditional values, are rather characterized by fear, outrage, and support for behavioral restrictions imposed by climate change policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces a special issue of the journal which explores the intersections, boundaries and collaborative opportunities between medical sociology and disability study disciplines.

After the breakout of COVID-19, people debated whether the Trump administration or foreign countries (e.g., China and some European countries) were responsible for the global pandemic. The aim of the current study was to examine, based on attribution theory, why people blamed different actors and showed hostility toward them during the pandemic. Scholars have found that information obtained during a crisis could lead people to blame specific targets and that this blame attribution could influence people to show hostility toward those targets. We explored these relationships and tested the moderating roles of political orientation and collective efficacy. Using online survey data, we found that the more people use social media to obtain information, the more they blamed the federal government. Moreover, blaming the federal government positively related to hostility toward the federal government, and we found a stronger association between blame attribution and hostility toward the federal government among individuals with low collective efficacy. However, we found no significant relationship between social media use and hostility toward foreign countries nor any moderating role of political orientation. We found that the positive association between blaming foreign countries and hostility toward them was stronger among individuals with high collective efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immigrants and refugees are severely underrepresented at all levels of political decision‐making in the United States. These groups face significant barriers to civic and political participation and leadership, despite a frequent commitment to community care and engagement. There is an urgent need to address immigrant integration and underrepresentation through transformative means that go beyond voting to create a more inclusive and socially just society. We investigated outcomes associated with participation in an immigrant integration program designed to increase immigrants' access to civic engagement through a community‐based participatory research and action process that centered the voices, experiences, and wisdom of refugees and immigrants. Thirty immigrants and refugees representing at least eight different communities participated in semi‐structured interviews. Results illustrate how the program assisted in transforming participants' consciousness, skills, and relationships related to meaningful civic engagement and realizing their voice, power, and rights. These results emphasize the impact and potential of community based participatory research to transform individual and collective efficacy, consciousness, and capabilities—a vital first step in transformative justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological First Aid (PFA) is widely used in the early phases of disaster recovery, despite limited empirical evidence supporting its application. PFA aims to reduce distress and encourage adaptive coping and is grounded in five principles: the promotion of hope, self‐ and collective efficacy, social connectedness, safety, and calm. Drawing on a constructivist perspective, this study analysed interview transcripts from Forged from Fire: The Making of the Blacksmiths' Tree, a documentary film about a community‐led arts project initiated after the 2009 bushfires in Victoria, Australia. Using a reflexive process that employed deductive and inductive coding, the research investigated the presence of PFA principles in participants' experiences of the Blacksmiths' Tree project and whether themes not accounted for by PFA were also salient. The findings supported the PFA principles and generated two additional themes: grassroots and community leadership; and healing through creation and expression. The implications for disaster recovery in community settings are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares migrants from Muslim majority countries (MMC) with Western European native-born school-children in terms of trust in the police, legitimacy conferred on police and compliance. The results show that migrants from MMC tend to trust and legitimate the police in their host country less and, as a result, to report lower levels of normative compliance. However, they report higher levels of habitual compliance than native-born respondents. Measures of structural conditions (i.e. deprivation and disorganisation) and of closeness to the host country (i.e. attachment to school and collective efficacy in neighbourhood) mediate these differences but do not eliminate them. Explanations for the differences in attitudes to the police are suggested in terms of group-level cultural distance and quality of integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the behavior of leaders, charismatic leadership behaviors are thought to play an important role in the perception of collective teacher competences in educational organizations. Based on this perspective, this study aims to determine the relationships between charismatic leadership behaviors and collective teacher efficacy. The relational survey model was used in this study, which focuses on the relationships between charismatic leadership and collective teacher efficacy variables. The population of the research consists of 1550 teachers working in public secondary education institutions, including the city center and districts of Amasya. Stratified sampling method was used to determine the sample of the study, and 1027 teachers were included in the study according to it. Conger-Kanungo's Charismatic Leadership Scale and Collective Competence Scale were used to acquire the data. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analyzes were performed during data analysis. According to the findings, it has been determined that both charismatic leadership and collective teacher efficacy are perceived at a high level by teachers working in secondary education institutions. It was found out that there is a statistically significant, positive and moderate relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and collective teacher efficacy levels. It was found out that there is a statistically significant, positive and moderate relationship between charismatic leadership behaviors and collective teacher efficacy levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the ethical considerations and debates surrounding the decision to continue or withdraw extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support when a cure is no longer possible, both for incapacitated and capacitated patients.

The current climate surrounding policing in the United States indicates a need to develop more community-based solutions to crime in order to create a more just society. Collective efficacy theory is a widely studied framework that explores how communities mobilize to address crime through informal social control. Though collective efficacy is associated with lower levels of crime, research suggests that developing effective interventions based on the theory is difficult. The present study examines collective efficacy through the lens of empowerment and tests mutual efficacy and self-efficacy as predictors of informal social control among community members, and within respondents' households. Findings from the study increase our understanding of how and why empowered individuals and communities mobilize to prevent crime, and identify practice behaviors that make collective efficacy theory more actionable for social work practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination intrusion into the municipal water distribution network (WDN) without appropriate action may lead to disaster. This study examined community resilience (CR) and its effects on optimal consequence management (CM) plans. CR was measured by five dimensions: governance, preparedness, social learning, social trust, and collective efficacy. The above dimensions were measured by conducting a structured questionnaire survey, and CR was then defined using structural equation modeling. Furthermore, water usage changes of consumers in response to contamination intrusion were investigated through questionnaires. NSGA-II algorithm was used for CM optimization with the objectives of minimum contaminated water ingestion and operational interventions, and the results were presented in three scenarios. The proposed method was evaluated in a WDN in the southeastern part of Tehran. The CR was quantified as 2.58 out of 5 using a one-sample t-test which shows that the studied community is not resilient. Without considering the demand changes during WDN contamination, the maximum total ingested polluted water is 184 Kg. Considering demand reduction (scenario 2), it diminishes to 154 Kg. As CR was identified as one of the significant factors for water demand variations via linear regression analysis, by empowering CR by one point (scenario 3), contaminated water ingestion decreases to 151 Kg. The immense difference between the base scenario and the two others (16% and 18% reduction in total ingestion) indicates that it is vital to consider people's reactions in CM plans and enhance CR to preserve public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]