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The vast majority of wound care is undertaken by community nurses (Dhoonmoon, 2023), with £941 million attributed to venous leg ulcer care and a further £836 million spent on unspecified leg ulcer management (Guest et al, 2017). If signs and symptoms can be recognised and a diagnosis made, a plan of care can be drawn up and treatment implemented quickly and efficiently to reduce costs escalating further. More important though, the patient's condition will improve quickly and deterioration in quality of life can be avoided. Nursing staff are currently encouraging patients to take a more active role in their own care, guiding them in how to look after their own long-term conditions, which can promote long lasting healing and independence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Fire constitute a critical type of danger in school facilities. This necessitates the execution of disaster preparedness and life safety measures, which encompass administrative and operational efforts to alleviate the occurrence of fire accidents. Aim: Evaluate the effect of educational program on preparatory school students' preparedness for fire disaster and life safety. Study design: A quasi-experimental research design was used. Setting: The enrolled students residence represented 12 districts out of the 17 districts in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Subjects: A sample of 252 Community Health Nursing students who consequently enrolled 252 preparatory school students representing 12 districts out of the 17 districts in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Tools: Three tools were used to collect data they were; 1) Sociodemographic characteristics, 2) Assessment of the school building preparation for fire safety checklist, 3) Structured questionnaire composed of five parts they were; Students' knowledge about the fire disaster, Fire safety awareness, School evacuation practices as reported by students, and Students' attitude toward fire safety. Results: Statistically significant improvement post educational program was observed in total satisfactory knowledge, total adequate reported practices, total awareness, and total positive attitude regarding fire disaster. Conclusion: The program about fire disaster preparedness and life safety achieved improvement on preparatory school students' knowledge, awareness, reported practices and attitude. Recommendations: Training programs for preparatory students regarding evacuation process should be held to enhance their practices and behaviors. And fire code and safety principles must be adopted by schools adequately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide prevention is a priority globally. Community nurses are on the frontline of healthcare, and thus well placed to identify those at risk of suicide and act to prevent it. However, they are often ill-equipped to do so. This study examines whether depression management training for nurses may also help them manage suicide-risk patients. Method: This quasi-experimental study used a questionnaire that included a randomly assigned textual case vignette, measures related to patient descriptions portrayed in the vignette, and demographic and clinical/training information. The participants were 139 Israeli nurses who were mostly Jewish, Israeli-born, and married women working as community nurses. Almost half had completed depression management training (DMT) in their routine work. Results: Nurses who completed depression management training were more likely than non-trainees to query the patient regarding mental status and suicide plans and were more likely to refer them to appropriate further treatment. The graduate nurses also reported higher self-competence and more positive attitudes regarding their ability to assess depression and suicide risk than nurses who had not received depression management training. Discussion: The results highlight the importance of depression management training, as suicide assessment and referral are among the major steps to suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the pandemic in Sweden, the aim was to protect older people, especially those among them who were sick, frail and vulnerable in residential care facilities. A ban was put on visits at all residential care facilities in March 2020 to prevent the spread of infection among the older people. This study aims to describe the experiences of Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses who provided medical and nursing care for older people in residential care facilities and home care during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to examine factors associated with the quality of care. Methods: The study has a mixed method cross-sectional design (STROBE). Data were collected using a web-based survey that comprised two questionnaires, for Community Chief Nurses and Registered Nurses developed for the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models, as well as qualitative content analyses. Results: The majority of Community Chief Nurses reported adequate opportunities to work with management to handle the COVID-19 pandemic. The Registered Nurses reported that the quality of care, as well as the person's safety, was negatively affected during the pandemic. Factors associated with good care were as follows: information-sharing; ability to comply with hygiene practices; competence in how to care for older persons with COVID-19; a physician at bedside assessing their health; and support from frontline managers. Conclusion: The study highlights crucial facets that care organizations must address to enhance their readiness for future pandemics or disasters, ensuring the security and well-being of the older people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Work-life balance (WLB) plays a significant role in improving career satisfaction and reducing burnout. While health workers' productivity is considered a key factor in client care, there is limited effort put into examining how health workers perceive the balance of their jobs with family and other societal responsibilities (PWLB), especially in low-income countries where the number of health workers in active patient care is low. The purpose of this study was to assess factors associated with perceived work-life balance (PWLB) among health workers in the rural district of Gulu, Northern Uganda. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 384 study participants from the three main hospitals in Gulu District. Data were collected from health workers using a self-administered semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using STATA version 15. Factors associated with PWLB were determined at a multivariable level using a modified Poisson regression with robust variance with a 95% confidence level and 5% statistical significance. Adjusted prevalent ratios (APR) were used to report the Factors associated with PWLB. Results: Only 157/384 (40.9%) of the health workers reported a positive perceived work-life balance. Multivariable modified Poisson regression analysis showed positive statistical association with PWLB of a laboratory worker(APR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.10–2.75); a midwife(APR = 1.82, 95% CI:1.13–2.93) or a nurse (APR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.45–3.30); working in the inpatient department (APR = 1.97, 95% CI: 1.31–2.96) or laboratory (APR = 2.09, 95%CI: 1.34–3.28); and having a flexible work schedule (APR = 28.32, 95%CI:14.52–55.22); feeling satisfied at work (APR = 1.58; 95% CI:1.17–2.10), and belonging to an association in the community (APR = 32.71, 95% Cl:11.91–89.88). On the other hand, employment tenure of 1–4 years (APR = 0.63,95% CI:0.40–0.99) was negatively associated with perceived work-life balance. Conclusion: Only four in every 10 health workers experienced a positive perceived work-life balance. The type of profession, duty station, flexibility in work schedule, satisfaction with work, and availability of social support systems, were independent determinants of perceived WLB. Therefore, nurturing a system of reviews of the scheduling of health workers, allowing internal staff rotation, and fostering support systems around the health workers could be beneficial for WLB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community initiatives can shape health behaviors, such as physical activity and dietary habits, across a population and help reduce the risk of developing chronic disease. To achieve this goal and impact health outcomes, Pasadena Vibrant Community aimed to engage communities in an ongoing dialogue about the importance of healthy behaviors, implement and advance community-based strategies to promote health, and improve diet and physical activity behaviors. The initiative was centered around a collaboration between a backbone organization, steering committee, and 7 collaborating organizations funded to implement multicomponent, evidence-based programs.. The common agenda was detailed in a community action plan, which included 19 interventions targeting healthy eating and active living among adults and youth in Pasadena, Texas. Methods: A mixed methods evaluation of the initiative was conducted over 4 years. Data sources included document reviews of quarterly progress reports (n = 86) and supplemental data reports (n = 16) provided by collaborating organizations, annual Steering Committee surveys (n = 4), and interviews conducted with staff from a subset of Collaborating Organizations (n = 4). Results: The initiative reached over 50,000 community members per year through 19 evidence-based interventions and impacted health outcomes, including knowledge and adoption of healthy eating practices and increased physical activity. Thirty-one systems-level changes were implemented during the initiative, including 16 environmental changes. Steering Committee meetings and shared goals enabled connections, communication, and cooperation, which allowed Collaborating Organizations to address challenges and combine resources to deliver their programs. Conclusions: Community initiatives can effectively permeate the community by reaching individuals, improving physical activity and dietary habits, and ensuring sustainability. Based on the experience reported here, the success of a community initiative can be facilitated if collaborating organizations come together to implement evidence-based interventions and tailor them to the community, and if they are empowered by significant leadership and supportive collaboration and aligned by a common agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Health research is often driven by the desire to improve the care and health of the community; however, the translation of research evidence into policy and practice is not guaranteed. Knowledge translation (KT) activities, such as dissemination and end-user engagement by researchers, are important to achieving this goal. This study examined researchers' views on and practices of KT in the field of transfusion medicine. Methods: An anonymous, cross-sectional survey was distributed to transfusion medicine researchers in May 2022 by emailing corresponding authors of papers in four major blood journals, emailing grant recipients, posting on social media, and through international blood operator networks. Comparative analyses were conducted for career stage, work setting, research type, and KT training. Results: The final sample included 117 researchers from 33 countries. Most participants reported that research translation was important (86%) and felt it was their responsibility (69%). Fewer than half felt they had the skills to translate their research (45%) or knew which strategies to employ (45%). When examining how research findings are shared, most reported using diffusion activities (86%), including publishing in peer-reviewed journals (74%), or presenting at academic conferences (72%). Fewer used dissemination methods (60%), such as developing educational materials (29%) or writing plain language summaries (30%). Greater use of tailored dissemination strategies was seen among researchers with KT training, whilst traditional diffusion strategies were used more by those working in an academic setting. Most participants had engaged end-users in their research (72%), primarily to consult on a research component (47%) or to involve them in the research process (45%). End-user engagement was greater among researchers with established careers, working in both academic and applied settings, and with KT training. Conclusions: Whilst participating researchers acknowledged the importance of KT, they typically focused on traditional diffusion strategies. This is despite well-established knowledge of the limited impact of these strategies in achieving KT. Those with KT training were more likely to use tailored dissemination strategies and engage end-users in their research. This demonstrates the value of sharing knowledge from the KT field with health researchers to facilitate KT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A documentation audit was performed to explore the multidisciplinary working of a community HIV specialist service (CHSS). The audit identified the wide range of services to which people living with HIV are referred as part of the care they receive within the CHSS. Design: A retrospective documentation audit was used. Setting: The CHSS, consisting of three teams covering a wide geographical area across West Sussex and Brighton and Hove. A total of 30 patients' notes were audited, including 10 patients from each team to ensure the results were representative of the service as a whole. Results: The audit showed that, on average, each person received five onward referrals to other health care, social care, or HIV-specific services, with a range of between 1 and 12, as a result of being under the care of the CHSS. The types of referrals varied, with 46% being to HIV specialist services and the remaining 54% to non-HIV specific services, including GPs, social services and other health services. Overall, the audit showed not only the holistic care and assessments completed but also the benefit and increased access to other services and care as a result of community HIV team involvement. Conclusion: The audit highlights the importance of continuing to develop HIV community services to cater for this changing population, as well as identifying possible areas of development. The results also demonstrate the vital role that CHSSs have in supporting hard-to-reach patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the project was to assess the health seeking behaviour and knowledge on neonatal danger signs among neonatal caregivers in Upper Denkyira East Municipality. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design and simple random sampling technique was employed to sample mothers' neonates visiting the postnatal clinic in the selected health facilities. The target population was mothers with neonates and above 18 years visiting the health facilities and were willing to be part of the study. Total population for the study was 387 however, 381 responded to the questionnaire. Structured questionnaire was the main data collection tool for the study. Data were analysed with SPSS version 23.0. Logistic regression with Pearson Chi square, p-value and odd ratio were the main statistical methods for the data analysis. Results: The results showed that 138 (36.2%) of the respondents stated that diarrhoea and vomiting constituted the major danger signs that sent their neonates to the hospital. Also the health seeking behaviour of the mothers showed positive results as most of the mothers (77.2%) attended hospital upon seeing neonatal danger sign. Finally, the association between mothers' socio-demographic characteristics and recognition of neonatal danger signs showed that mothers educational level and occupation were statistically significant (p-value = 0.000). Conclusion: The study concluded that mothers' knowledge level on neonatal danger signs was high and also caregivers had good health seeking behaviour. It is recommended that community health nurses and midwives should embark on home visits to encourage mothers to practice the knowledge and skills acquired during counselling at the hospital. Mothers should be empowered to make decisions concerning their children's health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To identify the relationship between gender, parental education, and income with bullying behavior among high school students in Aceh, Indonesia. METHODOLOGY: This was a cross-sectional study, and the participants were comprised of 110 students from two high schools in Aceh Besar, Aceh Province, Indonesia, who were selected using a purposive sampling method. Furthermore, data were collected using a self-report questionnaire for demographic characteristics and a bullying behavior questionnaire comprising 16 Likert Scale items. The data obtained in this study were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. RESULTS: The prevalence of bullying was significantly higher among adolescents of low education (C2 = 21,823; p< 0,001) and low-income parents (C2= 9,617; p< 0,002). However, the prevalence of behavior was not significantly different between male and female adolescents. CONCLUSION: Adolescents of low education and low-income parents showed a higher incident rate of bullying compared to others with high education and high-income parents. Therefore, healthcare providers, specifically community and family health nurses, were advised to pay more attention to these individuals to develop effective prevention programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Eating behavior is an essential aspect of life that can have long-term effects on health outcomes. Nutrition literacy is crucial for better health and well-being. It empowers individuals to make informed decisions about their nutrition and take control of their eating habits. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the relationship between nutritional literacy and eating behavior among nursing students at the nursing faculties of Ardabil University of medical sciences. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study was conducted in Ardabil province, northwest Iran. The study collected data through simple random sampling at nursing schools in Ardabil province, with 224 nursing students participating. The study collected data from a demographic information form, the nutritional literacy self-assessment questionnaire for students (NL-SF12), and the adult eating behavior questionnaire (AEBQ). The data were analyzed using SPSS version 14.0 software. Results: Based on the results, nutritional literacy explains 44% of the variance in eating behavior and shows significant explanatory power in two sub-scales of eating behavior. The adjusted R2 values for food approach and food avoidance scales were 0.33 and 0.27, respectively. Conclusion: Given the significant relationship between nutritional literacy and eating behaviors among nursing students, nursing faculty managers and health policymakers should develop new public health strategies to increase nutritional literacy among nursing students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work aims to report the experience of the nursing team regarding immunization in times of pandemic. This is an experience report, with a qualitative approach, carried out between March 2021 and March 2022 in the municipality of Iguatu- Ce, based on the researcher's experience as a resident nurse in the Family Health and Community. Initially, the target audience for vaccination was adults over 18 years of age, with vaccination being expanded to teenagers from the second half of 2021. Vaccination occurred in a centralized and decentralized manner, in health units, as a priority initially and at decreasing ages. It was possible to participate in assistance and organizational activities in different sectors and households. The difficulty of access for those who did not have technological means and the enrichment of experiences of the resident professional stands out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize the literature that reported on the experiences of people who use injection drugs' access to hepatitis C testing and diagnosis in Western countries. Methods: The initial search was conducted in 2020 and an updated review was completed in 2022. Seven electronic databases were searched using a peer‐reviewed search strategy and included: full‐text, peer‐reviewed studies with people who inject(ed) drugs, hepatitis C testing or diagnosis, conducted in Western countries. Excluded were studies published prior to 2014 and intervention studies. Two‐step screening was conducted in duplicate. Conventional content analysis was used. Results: Six studies were found from the search. The studies were published between 2014 and 2021 in Australia, United Kingdom, and United States. A total of 19 participant characteristics were extracted to contextualize their experiences, demonstrating a lack of demographic data. Four themes were found: Awareness and Knowledge, Stigma, Healthcare Service, and Psychological Responses. There were 58 occurrences of client quotes where participants described their experiences, 29 occurrences of quotes describing client‐identified barriers, and 14 occurrences of quotes describing client‐identified facilitators. Conclusion: A scoping review was conducted to present the experiences, barriers, and facilitators of people who use injection drugs to hepatitis C testing. The lack of demographic data and connection to client quotes further exacerbates the inequities among the population by overlooking their intragroup identities. Understanding their experiences of accessing hepatitis C testing and collecting demographic data will help advance health policies and interventions targeting people who use injection drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study is to use machine learning models to predict drinking water quality from a public health nursing approach. Design: Machine learning study. Sample: "Water Quality Dataset" was used in the study. The dataset contains physical and chemical measurements of water quality for 2400 different water bodies. The process consists of four stages: Data processing with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique, hyperparameter tuning with 10‐fold cross‐validation, modeling and comparative analysis. 80% of the dataset is allocated as training data and 20% as test data. ML models logistic regression, K‐nearest neighbor, support vector machine, random forest, XGBoost, AdaBoost Classifier, Decision Tree algorithms were used for water quality prediction. Accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC performance metrics of ML models were compared. To evaluate the performance of the models, 10‐fold cross‐validation was used and a comparative analysis was performed. The p‐values of the models were also compared. Results: N this study, where drinking water quality was predicted with seven different ML algorithms, it can be said that XGBoost and Random Forest are the best classification models in all performance metrics. There is a significant difference in all ML algorithms according to the p‐value. The H0 hypothesis is accepted for these algorithms. According to the H0 hypothesis, there is no difference between actual values and predicted values. Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of ML models in the prediction of drinking water quality can help nurses greatly improve access to clean water, a human right, be more knowledgeable about water quality, and protect the health of individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The study's aim was to gain a qualitative understanding of vaccine beliefs and attitudes toward COVID‐19 among Somali residents living in Northern Wisconsin (WI). While vaccination rates are significantly lower among Black and Hispanic populations, those with lower educational levels, and in rural areas, minimal is known about Somali population perspectives of COVID‐19 vaccination rates. Methods: Through qualitative methodology employing focus groups for data collection and the inclusion of Somali interpreters, we explored Somali community viewpoints regarding these topics. Focus group interviews were transcribed verbatim with subsequent transcripts reviewed and analyzed by the research team to identify themes. Results: The overarching theme was Protecting self, others, and community. Most participants accepted vaccinations, and the COVID‐19 vaccine specifically, to protect themselves, others, and their community. Factors contributing to vaccine update included trusting local messengers, including public health nurses; valuing collective memory associated with previous communicable disease outbreaks; believing religion supported vaccine protective actions; and following recommended government and media advice. Conclusion: Study results suggest strategies for increasing community outreach to newly resettled refugee and immigrant minority groups, establishing trust between community members, nurses, and other public health personnel, and facilitators for connecting health messaging to Somali cultural and religious beliefs to promote public health and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research study was to determine the effectiveness of an innovative online COVID-19 educational module among community health nursing students. Mixed-methods study. The sample (N = 86) consisted of prelicensure and postlicensure community health nursing students, who completed a pretest, COVID-19 educational intervention, and posttest. The majority of participants' scores increased from pretest to posttest, and most participants strongly agreed that the COVID-19 educational module was effective. Strategies to address vaccine hesitancy, information learned and found most helpful, and plans for application and utilization of this knowledge were revealed. An online COVID-19 community health nursing educational intervention was effective at improving participants' knowledge, confidence, and attitudes regarding COVID-19. Online COVID-19 community health nursing education was an effective strategy for increasing preparation for this pandemic and the format can be useful to utilize for future public health emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advancement in the knowledge and skills required by the Specialist Community Practitioner District Nurse (SCPDN) is integral in supporting end-of-life care. An integrated and multi-disciplinary team approach is pivotal for high quality patient care delivery, which involves individuals and their significant others in decision-making at a sensitive time. Advanced care planning and the use of therapeutic communication by the SCPDN can help to support autonomy in individuals during uncertain times, enabling them to express their end-of-life wishes. The SCPDN, guided by the evidence base, must provide holistic care and manage palliation while ensuring the patient is at the centre of all decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Community health nurses world-wide provide health promotion and preventative care, support and guidance as well as clinical care for people with long-term conditions or needing acute care at home and end-of-life care, across all age groups. The importance of health care in the community has been growing globally as health systems recognise both the economic and human need for people to remain in their communities rather than in hospital. Research in community nursing provides evidence to support policy, practice and education. This article describes the global contribution that the International Collaboration for Community Health Nursing makes towards disseminating evidence that could improve the lives and health of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Norwegian public health nursing education is a postgraduate education in health-promoting and preventive community nursing with a focus on children, young people (0-20 years) and their families. It has its theoretical foundations in public health and nursing. Research from 2021 showed a clear public health focus, while the nursing foundation was less visible. Objectives: To explore the nursing content and abstraction levels in the reading lists from institutions that educate public health nurses in Norway. Method: Using an exploratory and descriptive design, a thematic content analysis of the curriculum literature was conducted with a focus on nursing content and abstraction levels. The results showed that the majority of nursing texts were related to practice. Very few texts were ethical/philosophical texts with a higher level of abstraction. Conclusion: There is a need for qualitative and quantitative studies that can shed light on the rationale behind the choice of curriculum content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Equality is a basic human right. However, LGBTQ individuals often have their human rights violated because of their gender identity or sexual orientation. They also experience discrimination because of homophobic and transphobic attitudes. They frequently deal with derisive attitudes at school, are discriminated against in the workplace and struggle to access health services. This paper aims to determine the discriminatory attitudes of nurses in their social and professional lives toward LGBTQ individuals. Design/methodology/approach: This study involved 503 nurses and used a questionnaire to examine their views regarding members of the LGBTQ community. The questionnaire consisted of 24 questions. Ten experts from the fields of social psychology, sociology, and nursing provided the necessary inputs, which were subsequently incorporated into the questionnaire. Findings: The nurses were found to have a negative attitude toward LGBTQ individuals; they felt that they should not be allowed to live in comfort in Turkey and that they disrupted the social order and compromised public morality. It was observed that married (in general), male (in particular), and have fewer nursing education nurses are much more likely to have a discriminatory attitude toward LGBTQ people, and they were more discriminatory in their society rather than in their professional lives. Originality/value: According to the principles of justice and equality, which are a prominent part of the nursing code of ethics – "With the awareness that all people have equal rights, the nurse serves regardless of race, language, religion, age, gender, belief, social and economic status and political opinion" – nurses should not have a discriminatory attitude. This study reveals the inequality and the ethical problems that riddle Turkey's health sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: The performance and quality levels of care by the nursing service system depends on the motivation levels of nurses. The aim of this research is to map the factors related to the work motivation of nurses in hospitals. METHODS: The literature search was conducted using PubMed, Science Direct, ProQuest, Garuda Portal, and the National Library. Articles included in the search were primary cross-sectional, case-control, cohort, randomized control trials (RCT), and non-RCT studies. RESULTS: This review identified 12 studies that were eligible for inclusion. Five studies were conducted in Indonesia. All articles were cross-sectional. Based on the results of the research, it was indicated that there are intrinsic and extrinsic factors involved in motivation for nurses. Intrinsic factors identified were associated with potential development needs, reward, nature of work, intrinsic effort, experience, commitment, intrinsic motivation, interest in community nursing, interest in basic nursing, interest in gerontological nursing, careful nursing, age, recent education, achievement, recognition, responsibility, shared values. Extrinsic factors related to working environment conditions, living conditions, salary, supervision, benefits, coworkers, communication, extrinsic effort, having children, marital status. CONCLUSION: Factors associated with the work motivation of nurses in hospitals can be grouped as intrinsic and extrinsic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Family members often undertake caregiving responsibilities over long periods of time, which could lead to caregiving burden. A theory‐based and culturally sensitive learned resourcefulness program may help family caregivers mitigate stress by learning and using self‐help strategies. Objectives: This study's aim is to use rigorous methods to investigate the effects of a learned resourcefulness program called SOURCE (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129) to reduce caregiver burden and improve quality of life (QOL) for family caregivers. SOURCE is an acronym for the six self‐help behaviors at the core of this theory‐based learned resourcefulness program, developed by the Principal Investigator (PI) in collaboration with other researchers (Chen et al., Geriatric Nursing, 2021, 45, 1129). These behaviors are: seeking problem‐solving strategies, organizing daily actions, using self‐regulation, reframing positive situations, changing negative self‐thinking, and exploring new thinking and skills. Methods: We used a quasi‐experimental design with repeated measures for this study. The potential subjects were family caregivers whose family member was receiving home care. PI recruited 94 family caregivers (60 years old or older) who were caring for disabled and/or ill family members who also were 60 years old or older and living at home at the time of the study. The PI recruited these caregivers through the home care services department of a hospital and two community healthcare centers in Taiwan. The experimental group (n = 46) received the four‐week in‐person SOURCE while their family member continued to receive home care services, whereas the control group (n = 48) did not receive the SOURCE program while their family member received home care services. We collected data from the participants using the Caregiver Burden Scale, EuroQol‐5 Dimension, and Rosenbaum's Self‐Control Scale at baseline (T0, Week 1), after the intervention (T1, Week 5), and at follow‐up (T2, Week 9). We analyzed the data using paired‐sample t‐tests and used the generalized estimating equation method to compare paired data between the baseline and follow‐up. Results: Of the 94 recruited family caregivers, 90.4% (n = 85) completed the study. We found no significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of demographic, caregiver burden, and QOL variables at baseline. Compared to the control group, the experimental group had significantly improved caregiver burden scores (indicating a reduction in caregiver burden) at the end of the intervention and at follow‐up. The experimental group had significantly improved QOL scores at follow‐up only. The experimental group also showed high levels of adherence to and satisfaction with the intervention. The paired‐sample t‐test results show significantly improved learned resourcefulness between T0 and T1 and between T0 and T2 (t = −5.84, p < 0.001; t = −6.77, p < 0.001) for the experimental group. Conclusion: The SOURCE program helped family caregivers develop and use self‐help behaviors during their daily caregiving tasks. The family caregivers reported satisfaction with the program as well as reduced caregiver burden and improved QOL after the program ended. Implications for practice: The SOURCE program can be implemented to improve family caregivers' caregiver burden and QOL. Community health nurses can improve self‐help abilities of family caregivers by helping them to acquire abilities and skills that allow them to effectively handle stress and reduce their caregiver burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is of great significance to improve the activeness and comfort of the elderly in the community nursing facilities for the elderly to enhance their quality of life. Qualitative analysis method was used to extract and obtain five spatial environmental factors (spatial intensification, spatial accessibility, environmental comfort, spatial sense of place, and spatial attraction) that affect the leisure and entertainment behaviors of the elderly. Furthermore, the semi-structural observation method of environmental behavior was applied to investigate three community nursing facilities in Xi'an, and the strong correlation between five factors and the recreation behavior of the elderly was confirmed. Based on this, the design countermeasures of public space of community nursing facilities were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Disaster management is an ongoing international concern, and nurses play essential roles in minimizing negative impacts on the health of communities. However, many nurses have limited knowledge and skills on how to respond to disasters effectively. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a newly developed educational program on improving nurses' disaster management and preparedness. Methods and Design: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on 88 nurses working at a public hospital. The educational program included six modules covering various aspects of disaster management. Pre-and post-tests were administered to evaluate changes in perceptions of disaster management competencies. Independent sample t-test, Pearson coefficient correlation, and One-way ANOVA tests were all run using SPSS. Results: A significant proportion of nurses (78.4%) reported ongoing training in disaster management, while a smaller percentage (21.6%) expressed a contrary opinion. Nurses also had a moderate level of agreement with the disaster preparedness program (Pretest: 2.26 ± 0.34; post-test: 2.29 ± 0.31). Further, the results showed small improvements in nursing perceptions of the operational plan after the educational program (Pretest: M=2.76, SD=0.63; Post-test: M=2.89, SD=0.44), although the differences between pre-and-post assessments were not significant (P > 0.05). The mean values for overall familiarity in the pre-test were 3.16 ± 1.39, while in the post-test, they slightly increased to 3.26 ± 1.18. The findings also showed no statistically significant differences reported in nurses' attitudes and familiarity towards disaster preparedness based on the gender, marital status, nationality, working shifts, and working hours variables (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the significance of providing nurses with the essential knowledge that helps respond to disasters. Online educational programs can help improve nurses' preparedness to better manage disasters. Future research should investigate additional variables that could enhance nurses' knowledge and skills related to disaster response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The role of visiting health services has been proven to be effective in promoting the health of older populations. Hence, developing a web system for nurses may help improve the quality of visiting health services for community-dwelling frail older adults. This study was conducted to develop a web application that reflects the needs of visiting nurses. Methods: Visiting nurses of public health centers and community centers in South Korea participated in the design and evaluation process. Six nurses took part in the focus group interviews, and 21 visiting nurses and community center managers participated in the satisfaction evaluation. Focus group interviews were conducted to identify the needs of visiting nurses with respect to system function. Based on the findings, a web application that can support the effective delivery of home visiting services in the community was developed. An artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm was also developed to recommend health and welfare services according to each patient's health status. After development, a structured survey was conducted to evaluate user satisfaction with system features using Kano's model. Results: The new system can be used with mobile devices to increase the mobility of visiting nurses. The system includes 13 features that support the management of patient data and enhance the efficiency of visiting services (e.g., map, navigation, scheduler, protocol archives, professional advice, and online case conferencing). The user satisfaction survey revealed that nurses showed high satisfaction with the system. Among all features, the nurses were most satisfied with the care plan, which included AI-based recommendations for community referral. Conclusions: The system developed from the study has attractive features for visiting nurses and supports their essential tasks. The system can help with effective case management for older adults requiring in-home care and reduce nurses' workload. It can also improve communication and networking between healthcare and long-term care institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: The Austrian health care system is extremely fragmented. Primary care is mainly provided by self-employed GPs. Other health professionals are rarely integrated into primary care. But, according to the political plans of the Austrian government, a system of community nurses and community health nurses should be implemented and several pilot projects have already been started. (2) Objective: The present study explores the skills and competences needed in the planning, management and collaboration for the change in the system and gives recommendations for community health nurse education in Austria. (3) Methodology: Fifteen qualitative, problem-centered interviews were conducted with experts in the field of community health nursing and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. (4) Results: The skills and competences often and widely mentioned are interprofessional collaboration, cooperation with other actors, systems thinking, project and change management, and basic management skills, including strategic planning, communication, accounting and finance. Areas such as health planning and lobbying are also highlighted. The main competences are broken down into subcompetences, making it possible to create a detailed competence grid. Competences in planning, management and collaboration are particularly important in the initial stages of the first implementation of a community health nursing system. (5) Conclusions: Skills and competences in these areas occupy a central position. A multilayered breakdown of these competences is required in order to create a targeted requirements profile. Due to the small-scale fragmentation of the Austrian health care system, collaboration and coordination are more difficult and costly, but all the more important. The aforementioned skills and competences represent an essential expansion of nursing education in Austria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study examines the effectiveness of health promotion in improving patient satisfaction with community health services. Methods: We conducted a single-blind randomized controlled trial on the patients from the Community Health Service Centres of Xi'an, China, from June to August 2022. The participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group or a placebo group. Both groups received 3-week WeChat education, with the intervention group receiving online intervention education including 9 items, such as about community health service, the rights and welfare of patients, the basic workflow of staff, routine medical examination items for patients, common medical knowledge, nutrition during COVID-19 pandemic, doctor-patient communication skill and medical advice and discussion, while the placebo group received related information about health care and health. Data were collected before and after the intervention, and the results were measured using a social demographic questionnaire and the Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18), which were analysed using SPSS 23.0 version. Results: In the study, 312 patients were enrolled, with 156 assigned to the intervention group and 156 assigned to the placebo group. The Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ-18) revealed that the general satisfaction domain showed the most improvement, increasing from Mean (SD)=3.474 (0.060) to Mean (SD)=3.994 (0.045) before the intervention. Results from the two-way repeated measures ANOVA show that time has a significant effect on patient satisfaction particularly the general satisfaction, technical quality, communication, financial aspect, and time spent. Conclusions: The intervention significantly improved patient satisfaction in the intervention group compared to the placebo group, particularly in the areas of general satisfaction, technical quality, communication, and time spent (test within subjects). Statistically significant differences were observed in mean values before and after the intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cancer is preventable with vaccination and early detection and treatment programs. However, for these programs to work as intended, stigma related to HPV and cervical cancer must be understood and addressed. We explored pre-existing stigma associated with HPV and cervical cancer in the public healthcare system and community of a low-resource setting prior to implementation of an HPV screen-and-treat program. Methods: This study conducted thematic analysis of data collected during implementation of a novel HPV screen-and-treat system for cervical cancer early detection and treatment in Iquitos, Peru. We included 35 semi-structured interviews (19 health professionals, 16 women with cervical precancer or cancer), eight focus groups (70 community women), one workshop (14 health professionals), 210 counseling observations (with 20 nurse-midwives), and a document review. We used the Socio-Ecological Model to organize the analysis. Results: We identified three main themes: 1. the implication that women are to blame for their HPV infection through characterizations of being easy or promiscuous, 2. the implication that men are to blame for women's HPV infections through being considered careless or unfaithful, 3. HPV is shameful, embarrassing, and something that should be hidden from others. Consequently, in some cases, women refrained from getting screened for HPV. These themes were seen at the individual level among women, relationship level among women, men, and family members, community level among healthcare staff, and societal level within components of cervical cancer guidelines and male chauvinism. Conclusions: Cervical cancer early detection and treatment programs in limited resource settings must address stigma entrenched throughout the entire healthcare system and community in order to sustainably and successfully implement and scale-up new programs. Interventions to tackle this stigma can incorporate messages about HPV infections and latency to lessen the focus on the influence of sexual behavior on HPV acquisition, and instead, promote screening and treatment as paramount preventative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to increased HIV prevention efforts (PEP and PrEP), HIV rates in Ontario have decreased among gay men. By extension, the proportion of first-time HIV diagnoses in cis and trans women has increased, prompting concern for ongoing HIV transmissions. Presently, uptake of HIV prevention services among women is limited, largely due to variability of HIV-specific risk factors. To explore HIV prevention use among women, a retrospective review was completed of participants in a nurse-led HIV prevention service (PEP-RN and PrEP-RN) in Ottawa, Canada. Results showed 10% uptake for PEP and 3% uptake for PrEP among women. For PEP, 32 women presented for assessment, and 25 were initiated. Most PEP initiations were made following a potential sexual exposure to HIV, and 36% involved a partner who was HIV positive and not virally suppressed. For PrEP, offers for referral were made to 59 women; 28 declined, and 31 accepted. Among women who declined PrEP, 32% were HIV contacts, and among those who accepted, 80% were due to reported sexual or substance use practices. The highest PrEP engagement occurred among women receiving services in a safer opiate supply program. The high uptake of PEP suggests this could be a useful strategy to reducing HIV transmission rates in women. In addition, women receiving PrEP could benefit from a more supportive approach to care, including assistance with mediation use and regular contact with nurses. In using a more collaborative and gender-based approach to HIV prevention care, progress can be made in addressing ongoing HIV inequities among women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The total number of elderly patients with hypertension in China has been increasing year by year, it is necessary to adopt simple and valid measures to evaluate the health status of elderly patients with hypertension to reduce the heavy burden faced by this group. Method: This study is a cross-sectional analysis. Participants aged at least 65 years were included. Self-Rated Health (SRH) assessment of respondents was classified into two groups: participants who responded as "very good" and "good" were considered as having good SRH, and participants who answered as "average," "poor," and "very poor" were considered as having poor SRH. Chi-square tests were used to determine differences in patient characteristics between the two groups. Binary logistic regression models were used to identify factors associated with SRH. Results: The results of the logistic regression analysis indicated that having a spouse, better economic status, exercise, eating fruits and vegetables, nighttime sleep of 7 to 9 hours, good living environment, interaction with friends, and hypertension with comorbidity such as diabetes mellitus, heart disease, stroke or hyperlipidemia were influencing factors of SRH (P < .05). Another finding was that alcohol use significantly affected SRH (P < .05). Depression, anxiety, and community nursing services did not figure as determinants of health in this group. Conclusion: The findings of this study provide evidence for the need to develop effective health promotion programs for the well-being of hypertensive patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: There is considerable research on China's community healthcare, but little examining its delivery from a nurse perspective. This article, set in the context of Shenzhen, elicits community nurses' views on barriers to healthcare delivery, providing an initial evidence framework to improve community nursing practice at organizational and policy levels. Methods: We used qualitative methods. Data from semi-structured interviews with 42 community nurses in Shenzhen underwent inductive content analysis. Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research were consulted to structure our reporting. Results: Our analysis suggests four elements discouraging community nurses in care delivery: lack of equipment, stressful work environments, staff incompetence, and patient distrust. Centralized means of procurement, management indifference to nurses' well-being, unsystematic training and reluctance to enter the community healthcare sector, and public prejudices against nursing contributed to these constraints, preventing community nurses from performing patient-centred care, devoting energy to caring, freeing themselves from heavy workloads, and building trust-based care relationships. Conclusions: Delivery barriers devalued community health services systematically and undermined nurses' professional advancement and psychological well-being. Targeted management and policy inputs are necessary to reduce caring barriers and enhance the ability of community nursing to safeguard population health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with dementia of all stages and subtypes can experience challenges with communicating. Therefore, it is vital that community nurses working with people with dementia have an understanding of the ways in which communication might be challenged, and that they have skills in communicating effectively. This article presents an overview of the ways in which dementia might impact on communication and offers the model of person-centred dementia care as a way of communicating effectively. The use of person-centred communication in practice is illustrated through a case study approach, highlighting the practical approaches that can be used by community nurses in their practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Quality Always' Clinical Assessment and Accreditation Scheme (CAAS), which consists of a process of assessments, reviews and accreditation in community healthcare services, was established in 2014 to drive improvements in the quality of patient care. The authors set out to understand whether the methodologies put in place to establish quality patient care were effective within the community nursing setting. Aims: To understand whether a quality and safe care champions network would support frontline community staff to embed evidence-based practice and affect the quality of care received by patients in the community setting. Method: A study was undertaken on data from the CAAS, as well as patient safety and experience data, to identify whether there was any correlation between quality and safe care champions and the quality of patient care. Findings: The authors identified data and practical examples to demonstrate a correlation between the engagement of champions in a community nursing team and improvement in quality standards for patients, including the most effective methods of engaging the community nursing quality and safe care champions. Conclusion: The authors conducted a benefits realisation exercise using elements of the East London NHS Foundation Trust's framework. This provided useful information for the community trust as a proof of concept regarding supporting a network of Quality and safe care champions in the community setting and understanding their impact on safe patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives: This study reports from a municipality in Norway that implemented a competence enhancement programme for all its institutional nursing staff during the COVID‐19 pandemic to fill identified competence gaps. Background: Many Norwegian municipalities are experiencing a demand for expanded community healthcare services due to an increase in elderly patients and patients with extensive and complex needs. At the same time, most municipalities are striving to recruit and keep competent health personnel. New ways of organising and increasing the competence of the workforce may help ensure that the healthcare delivered corresponds to patients' changing needs. Design and Methods: Nursing staff were encouraged to complete targeted competence enhancing activities with the aim of enhancing their competence in identified areas. The learning activities were blended and consisted of e‐learning courses, lectures, supervision, vocational training and meetings with a superior. Competence was measured before and after the competence enhancing activities (n = 96). The STROBE checklist was applied. Results: The results provide insight into the competence development of registered nurses and assistant nurses in institutional community health services. They show that the implementation of a workplace‐based blended learning programme improved competence significantly, especially for assistant nurses. Conclusions: Offering workplace‐based competence enhancing activities seems to be a sustainable way of facilitating lifelong learning among nursing staff. Facilitation of learning activities in a blended learning space may enhance accessibility and increase the potential for participation. A combination of reorganisation of roles and simultaneous competence enhancing activities can ensure that both managers and nursing staff prioritise filling competence gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the third and final article in the Long Covid (LC) series, which presents and discusses the ongoing development of the Leeds Long Covid Community Rehabilitation Service (LLCCRS), highlighting the digital interventions used to assist with symptom management and barriers to overcome to achieve this, the importance of involving people with LC (PwLC) within service development as well as two of the most recent service evaluations of new digital interventions -- virtual group assessments (VGA), and Covid-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale (C19 YRS) mobile application (app). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peritonitis is a common cause of hospitalisation and death among patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis. Periodic retraining is recommended to prevent peritonitis, especially in older adults. Objectives: We evaluated the effectiveness of a retraining programme for reducing peritonitis and exit site infection rates in older adults on peritoneal dialysis. The cost–benefit ratio was also calculated. Design: A two‐arm prospective randomised controlled trial. Participants: One hundred and thirty patients aged 55 years or older were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or control group. While both groups received usual care, the intervention group received a retraining programme (a knowledge and practical assessment and a one‐on‐one retraining session) 90 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy. Measurements: The outcomes included peritonitis rate, exit site infection rate and direct medical costs at 180, 270, and 360 days after starting home‐based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis therapy. Results: No significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics between groups. The peritonitis rates were 0.11 episodes per patient‐year in the intervention group versus 0.13 in the control group. The incidence of exit site infection was 20.0% in the intervention group and 12.3% in the control group. The cost–benefit ratio of retraining was 1:9.6. None of the results were statistically significant. Conclusions: The absence of statistical significance may be partly explained by the premature termination of the study. Large‐scale multi‐centre trials are warranted to examine the effectiveness of retraining. The timing and long‐term effects of retraining also need to be examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Montessori activities were implemented in nursing care of older adults in the home environment with the aim of creating meaningful, inclusive, and failure-free daily activities that improve their quality of life. Material and methods. In-depth comparative case studies with exploratory methods were used based on structured interviews and observation of four purposely selected older adults with and without dementia in the home environment. The data was collected using the Montessori methodology, which was divided into five phases. Results. Diff erent types of activities and roles were developed based on the individual's abilities and interests. The participants felt more independent and self-confident in the performance of planned activities and satisfied that they are busy during the day and engaged in activities that contribute to their better mobility and health. Conclusions. Implemented activities can facilitate the inclusion of older adults in the daily routine of family life, increase the quality of life and the possibility of self-care in the home environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Networks are an essential component of community-based health research. Community-based networks require a high degree of collaboration, and the quality of this collaboration is a key factor for intervention success. As such, it is important to measure collaboration quality through network evaluation. Established tools, such as social network analysis, primarily measure connections between network members as opposed to network quality. Additionally, only few tools developed for this purpose are used in practice. Methods: This paper describes the process of developing a network assessment tool to measure the quality of network collaboration in practice. To this end, we collaborated with practice partners from a community-based health promotion network and the community health service. We adopted a mixed-methods approach consisting of a literature review and a needs assessment involving practical experts in Germany. On this basis, we developed a new network evaluation tool, the Self-Evaluation Tool for Network Quality Assessment by Practitioners in Community Health Promotion (SNAP-HP), in cyclic-iterative collaboration with our practice partners. Conclusions: The next steps include piloting, evaluating, and adapting the SNAP-HP for final open access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The learning method has a significant role in the learning process. The learning method serves as a way to deliver learning materials so that they reach students to achieve the expected competencies. One of the effective methods to improve skills and increase students' self-confidence is a mentorship program. This study aims to analyze the effect of mentorship-based clinical learning methods on students' self-efficacy and clinical skills in the practice of the community nursing profession. Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach with a control group. The sampling technique used total sampling, for the intervention group as many as 28 students and 31 students in the control group. Results: The results showed that there was an effect of the mentorship learning method on the clinical skills of students practicing the community nursing profession (P value = 0.000) where P value < 0.05, while the self-efficacy variable there is no influence of the mentorship learning method on the self-efficacy of students practicing the community nursing profession with statistical test results obtained P value = 0.454 (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There is an effect of mentorship-based clinical learning methods on students' clinical skills, but there is no effect of mentorship-based clinical learning methods on students' self-efficacy in practicing community nursing professions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social justice and health equity are foundational to community health nursing. Arts-based pedagogy has learning and reflexive value for community and population health education within nursing and health professions curricula have been increasingly used in health care and in promoting health, including in nursing education. However, research has not explored the use of arts to teach community health nursing students about social justice. The objective of this study was to understand how the inclusion of a collaborative artistic process relates to the understanding of social justice issues for second-year baccalaureate nursing students enrolled in a community health nursing course. Visual art and symbolic components were added to an existing group concept mapping assignment of community health nursing interventions from a social justice approach. We engaged in analysis within interpretive phenomenological inquiry to understand and share students’ experiences with constructing and giving meaning to symbols and art pieces, internalizing the concept of social justice, and collaborating with group members. Students used symbols and visual representation to explore social justice and health. Students’ narrative reflections encompassed experiences finding personal power, engaging in empathy, reflecting on their own position and privilege, and benefitting from non-traditional forms of learning. Students recounted group processes that deepened their understanding of concepts, increased their appreciation of the need for advocacy, and enabled creative freedom in the context of collective vision. The addition of a collaborative creative, artistic process enhanced students’ learning about social justice and health.

Background: Virtual simulation systems are being increasingly used in the field of nursing education. However, these systems are mostly designed based on the perspective of developers, and the needs of the end users are often neglected. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions and needs of Chinese undergraduate nursing students for the development of a community nursing virtual simulation system. Methods: This was a descriptive qualitative study enrolling 12 undergraduate nursing students at a University in China. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The content analysis method was used for data analysis. Result: Three themes and 15 sub-themes were extracted from this study: (1) Positive perceptions regarding virtual systems: a) Provides space for trials and errors, b) Not limited by time and space, c) Provides auxiliary tools; (2) Design and use requirements: a) Performance needs, b) Contents design needs, c) Appearance design needs, d) Support Needs; (3) Competency enhancement needs: a) Community nursing practice ability, b) Critical thinking ability, c) Independent thinking ability, d) Ability to deal with emergencies, e)Teamwork skills, f) Self-efficacy, g) Resilience, h)Interpersonal communication skills. Conclusion: Designers and engineers should consider students' needs, aim to improve students' abilities, improve the diversity, the scientific and rigor of content, and enhance user immersion and interest. The system should be programmed to provide real-time feedback, timely technical and professional support, in order to optimize use experience of nursing students.

In this month's Policy column, Iwan Dowie discusses the 'deprivation of liberty' − which is used to safeguard patients who may be lacking sufficient mental capacity to manage their own safety. The author, through previous legal cases, shares how the Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS)—an amendment to the Mental Capacity Act 2005—came into being, and the importance of community nurses in knowing the DoLS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on addressing asthma in Hawai‘i, particularly among Native Hawaiians, by integrating technology-based interventions into asthma care plans. Topics include the unique environmental triggers in Hawai‘i, the current asthma care plan in the state, and the development and testing of a culturally informed mobile health (mHealth) tool to improve asthma education and access to care for Native Hawaiians.