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The study was conducted to measure the performance of the smallholder coffee supply chain and value chain starting from village collectors, sub district collectors, and wholesalers in Empat Lawang Regency. This study uses a qualitative descriptive analysis. Respondents consisted of 40 coffee farmers who were selected by simple random sampling, and 14 traders consisting of 8 village collectors, 4 sub-district collectors and 2 wholesalers, who were selected purposively. Data were analyzed using the Supply Chain Operation References (SCOR) model approach and statistical analysis of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) as well as value chain concept analysis. Based on the results of the research on the smallholder coffee supply chain system at level-1 the value of the Inconsistency Ratio of institutional actors of village collector traders, sub-district collectors, and wholesalers respectively was 0.091, 0.070, 0.099 which showed all values less than 0.1 indicating that the results of the weighting of the criteria Plan, Source, Make, Deliver, Return are acceptable. At level-2 the Inconsistency Ratio sub-criteria Reliability, Responsiveness, Agility, Cost, Asset in each institutional actor of village collector traders, sub-district collectors, and wholesalers respectively are 0.094, 0.091, 0.081 which means it is accepted because the value is less than 0.1. Level-3 shows that the final results of the best supply chain performance values are 0.208 wholesalers, 0.123 village collectors, and 0.034 sub-district traders. For the smallholder coffee value chain, there are three value chain networks for wet and dry processed coffee products and for coffee powder products, there are two value chain networks.

We will show that the singular cohomology groups of a smooth quasi-projective complex variety relative to a normal crossing divisor can be described in terms of delta-admissible chains. Roughly speaking, a delta-admissible chain is a simplicial semi-algebraic chain meeting the "faces" properly. As an application, we show that the Abel-Jacobi map for higher Chow cycles can be described via delta-admissible chains. As an example, we will describe the Hodge realization of the polylog cycles constructed by Bloch-Kriz in terms of the Abel-Jacobi map., 2020. May. 20: Calculation in Section 4.2 is made clearer

Motivation Despite many successes, de novo protein design is not yet a solved problem as its success rate remains low. The low success rate is largely because we do not yet have an accurate energy function for describing the solvent-mediated interaction between amino acid residues in a protein chain. Previous studies showed that an energy function based on series expansions with its parameters optimized for side-chain and loop conformations can lead to one of the most accurate methods for side chain (OSCAR) and loop prediction (LEAP). Following the same strategy, we developed an energy function based on series expansions with the parameters optimized in four separate stages (recovering single-residue types without and with orientation dependence, selecting loop decoys and maintaining the composition of amino acids). We tested the energy function for de novo design by using Monte Carlo simulated annealing. Results The method for protein design (OSCAR-Design) is found to be as accurate as OSCAR and LEAP for side-chain and loop prediction, respectively. In de novo design, it can recover native residue types ranging from 38% to 43% depending on test sets, conserve hydrophobic/hydrophilic residues at ∼75%, and yield the overall similarity in amino acid compositions at more than 90%. These performance measures are all statistically significantly better than several protein design programs compared. Moreover, the largest hydrophobic patch areas in designed proteins are near or smaller than those in native proteins. Thus, an energy function based on series expansion can be made useful for protein design. Availability and implementation The Linux executable version is freely available for academic users at http://zhouyq-lab.szbl.ac.cn/resources/.

Let $V$ be a regular neighborhood of a negative chain of $2$-spheres (i.e. exceptional divisor of a cyclic quotient singularity), and let $B_{p,q}$ be a rational homology ball which is smoothly embedded in $V$. Assume that the embedding is simple, i.e. the corresponding rational blow-up can be obtained by just a sequence of ordinary blow-ups from $V$. Then we show that this simple embedding comes from the semi-stable minimal model program (MMP) for $3$-dimensional complex algebraic varieties under certain mild conditions. That is, one can find all simply embedded $B_{p,q}$'s in $V$ via a finite sequence of antiflips applied to a trivial family over a disk. As applications, simple embeddings are impossible for chains of $2$-spheres with self-intersections equal to $-2$. We also show that there are (infinitely many) pairs of disjoint $B_{p,q}$'s smoothly embedded in regular neighborhoods of (almost all) negative chains of $2$-spheres. Along the way, we describe how MMP gives (infinitely many) pairs of disjoint rational homology balls $B_{p,q}$ embedded in blown-up rational homology balls $B_{n,a} # \bar{\mathbb{CP}^2}$ (via certain divisorial contractions), and in the Milnor fibers of certain cyclic quotient surface singularities. This generalizes results in [Khodorovskiy-2014], [H. Park-J. Park-D. Shin-2016], [Owens-2017] by means of a uniform point of view., Comment: 16 pages

The traditional aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent (AFFF) plays an important role in fighting liquid fires, but its environmental hazard are also increasingly prominent. The key componen...

Let R be a commutative ring with nonzero identity and M be an R-module. In this paper, we introduce the concept of r-Artinian modules which is a new generalization of Artinian modules. An R-module ...

We consider a periodic closure of a nonlinear integrable two-dimensional three-point chain. Integrability is understood in the sense that the chain admits a wide class of reductions, which are nonlinear hyperbolic Darboux integrable systems with two independent variables.We consider a system obtained as a period-2 periodic closure of one of two-dimensional three-point chains found within this framework. For this system, a second-order higher symmetry depending on two arbitrary functions is constructed.

2,7-Diphenyloxynaphthalene with large conjugated structure has been introduced into the main chain of silicon-containing arylacetylene resin and then poly(dimethylsilylene-ethynylenephenoxynaphthyloxyphenylene-ethynylene) ( m-PPNSA-MM) was synthesized. The m-PPNSA-MM resin shows good solubility and a wide processing window. A stable three-dimensional cross-linking network formed due to thermal crosslinking reactions of acetylene groups and intermolecular π–π stacking interactions after m-PPNSA-MM was cured through the process of 180°C/2 h + 220°C/2 h + 260°C/4 h. The flexural strength and modulus of the cured m-PPNSA-MM resin at room temperature are 49.2 MPa and 2.75 GPa, respectively. The cured m-PPNSA-MM resin show high thermal stabilities, the 5% temperature of weight loss ( Td5) reaches 560°C in nitrogen.

The application and analysis of effective blood supply chain network under natural disaster imposed many critical challenges which addressed through an optimization of multiple objectives functions. In this article, relies on reference point algorithm, a user-preference based enriched swarm optimization algorithm is proposed where, inner reference points were produced depending on the perturbed reference point. For each inner reference point, weakly/ɛ-properly Pareto optimal solution was generated using augmented achievement function. All the generated solutions (points) are presented as potential positions for particles in the particle swarm optimization PSO. The proposed algorithm has been reinforced with a novel chaotic contraction operator to retain the feasibility of the particles. To prove the validity of our algorithm, the obtained results are compared with true Pareto optimal front and three of the most salient evolutionary algorithms using inverted generational distance metric IGD. In addition it was implement to detect the most cost and time efficient blood supply chain to provide the required blood types demand on the blood transfusion center in emergence situation, where, it is required to solve this real life application with predefined supply time and predefined supply cost, which is considered as reference point to get the nearby Pareto optimal solution. By the experimental outcomes, we proved that the proposed algorithm is capable to find the set of Paetro optimal solutions nearby the predefined reference points.

Blockchain is the nascent technology which has the capability of incorruptible future in making. The blockchain mechanism is regarded for its security. In recent years, many have adopted for Blockchain. This paper tries to analyze some of the game changing technologies using blockchain mechanism. The paper has been framed by using secondary research and the authors’ opinion is also voiced.Blockchain-based application are springing up, covering numerous fields including financial services, Internet of Things (IoT), and Energy distribution systems Smart Grids uses blockchain to control the flow of energy. Blockchain, the foundation of Bitcoin, has received extensive attentions recently. Blockchain serves as an immutable ledger which allows transactions take place in a decentralized manner. Blockchain-Based Smart Grids presents emerging applications of blockchain in electrical system. As, Rapid growth of renewable energy resources in power systems we require a system through which we can monitor the consumption and supply of the electricity. This is sustainable and eco-friendly alternative. This paper is tailored to analyze the blockchain applications in Bitcoin and Smart Grid.

Under the green building policy, the recycling of construction waste has become an important issue. However, many obstructions in the industrial chain of construction waste recycling, slow integration of production elements in the chain, and inefficient resource allocation hinder the development of the construction waste recycling industry. In this study, a co-evolution model of the industrial chain of construction waste recycling is constructed based on the Lotka–Volterra model, and the Jacobian matrix is used for stability analysis. Finally, a numerical simulation is performed. The simulation results indicate that: (1) There is a high product correlation between upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain of construction waste recycling; (2) The conversion coefficient of supply and demand of upstream and downstream enterprises has a higher impact on and is more sensitive to the evolution of this industrial chain; (3) The co-evolution of upstream and downstream enterprises promotes the added value of products and maximizes the overall benefits of the industrial chain, which provides reference value and theoretical basis for the development of the industrial chain of construction waste recycling.

First-principles density functional theory computations are used to predict negative linear compressibility in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite [NH2NH3][Co(HCOO)3]. Negative linear compressibility is a rare exotic response of a material to pressure associated with expansion along one or two lateral directions. Detailed structural analysis revealed that [NH2NH3][Co(HCOO)3] responds to pressure through tilting of its relatively rigid units, CoO6 polyhedra, and (HCOO)-1 ligand chain. The (HCOO)-1 units form a "wine-rack" geometry which is well described with the "strut-hinge" model. Within the model, the struts are formed by the rigid units, while hinges are their relatively flexible interconnects. Under pressure, the hinge angle increases which leads to the expansion along the direction subtended by the angle. Interestingly, at zero pressure the linear compressibilities in [NH2NH3][Co(HCOO)3] are all positive. As pressure increases, the lowest linear compressibility value turns negative and increases in magnitude. Comparison with the literature suggests that such a trend is likely to be common to this family of materials. Mechanical properties of [NH2NH3][Co(HCOO)3] are highly anisotropic.

For an odd prime p and q = pr, this paper deals with LCD codes obtained from cyclic codes of length n over a finite commutative non-chain ring $\mathcal {R}=\mathbb {F}_{q}[u,v]/\langle u^{2}-\alpha u,v^{2}-1, uv-vu\rangle $ where α is a non-zero element in $\mathbb {F}_{q}$ . Initially, we impose certain conditions on the generator polynomials of cyclic codes when $\gcd (n,p)=1$ and $\gcd (n,p)\neq 1$ , respectively so that these codes become LCD. Then, by defining a Gray map ψ, we show that the Gray image of an LCD code of length n over $\mathcal {R}$ is an LCD code of length 4n over $\mathbb {F}_{q}$ . In this way, we obtain many optimal and best-known linear codes (BKLC) from the Gray images of both cyclic and LCD codes over $\mathcal {R}$ . Eventually, by applying the CSS construction on cyclic codes over $\mathcal {R}$ that contain their Euclidean duals, we determine many superior quantum codes compared to the existing codes in the recent references.

Polymer adhesives are widely used in daily applications and in industry owing to their flexibility and overall non-toxicity, particularly in interfacial adhesion. The spreading of polymer adhesives on adherend is one of the essential considerations for the interfacial adhesion of polymer adhesives, which is strongly related to their wetting behaviors. While relationships between polymer microstructure and adhesion have been investigated in previous studies, it remains challenging to unveil the effect of polymer microstructure on wettability. To address this issue, here we utilize coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations to systematically elucidate how the wettability of a polymer adhesive droplet on a surface depends on bending stiffness. The wetting dynamics and the contact angle are studied to show the evolution of morphology of droplets during the wetting process. The results indicate the wettability is weakened by the increase of bending stiffness of polymer chain. Detailed thermodynamic property analysis is further conducted, revealing that the adhesion between the polymer droplet and substrate deteriorates due to the decline of wettability. Interestingly, we observe such deterioration becomes more significant by both increasing the temperature and decreasing the bending stiffness. Our study sheds light on the dependence of chain bending stiffness and temperature on the wetting behavior of polymer adhesive droplets, and offers insights, which, upon experimental validation can then be used for the design of adhesives or hydrogels.

Bulk-edge correspondence is one of the most distinct properties of topological insulators. In particular, the 1D winding number $\n$ has a one-to-one correspondence to the number of edge states in a chain of topological insulators with boundaries. By properly choosing the unit cells, we carry out numerical calculation to show explicitly in the extended SSH model that the winding numbers corresponding to the left and right unit cells may be used to predict the numbers of edge states on the two boundaries in a finite chain. Moreover, by drawing analogy between the SSH model and QWZ model, we show that the extended SSH model may be generalized to the extended QWZ model. By integrating the ``magnetic field'' over the momentum strip $0\le p_2 \le \pi, 0\le p_1 2\pi$ in the Brillouin zone, we show a identity relating the 2D Chern number and the difference between the 1D winding numbers at $p_2=0 $ and $p_2 =\pi$., Comment: 13 pages, 39 figures, Major revision. Connection between the winding number and the Chern number has been shown. The part related to the modification of the Zak phase has been deleted since there may be some errors

In this article, we establish the explicit analytical expressions for the variance of the Gutman index, Schultz index, multiplicative degree-Kirchhoff index and additive degree-Kirchhoff index of a random polyphenylene chain. We also prove these four indices of the random polyphenylene chain are asymptotic to normal distributions.

Synthetic polymer single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are an emerging new class of nanomaterials that possess similar folded structures as natural proteins. However, most SCNPs reported so far are p...

With the rapid development of e-Commerce and takeaway platforms, retailers have gradually developed multi-channel operations. However, limited empirical studies explored the effects of an online channel offered by takeaway platforms on the store performance. Does an online channel addition have a synergy effect or a cannibalization effect on store performance? We empirically investigate these effects by analyzing a large dataset including diverse samples collected from multiple retailers across various regions. The dataset includes 2115 stores across 25 retailers for 10 months that includes two types of retail formats and covers 16 provinces and 21 cities of China. We study the impacts of the newly introduced online channel on the incumbent offline channel and the overall store performance. The empirical results reveal that the online channel addition mainly has a synergy effect. Specifically, for the overall store, it has a positive effect on the sales and product variety, whereas it has a negative effect on the basket size. Surprisingly, an online channel addition also has a positive effect on the offline sales. Our study adds novel values to multi-channel retailing literature by empirically researching the cannibalization and synergy effect of a new type of online channel, offered by takeaway platforms. It can provide insights for retail enterprises who are interested in introducing O2O model.

The category of MV-algebras is equivalent to the category of abelian lattice ordered groups with strong units. In this article we introduce the category of circled abelian groups and prove that the category of chain MV-algebras is isomorphic with the category of chain circled abelian groups. In the last section we show that the category of chain MV-algebras is a subcategory of abelian cyclically ordered groups.

The density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to describe confined fluids with great success in the literature. However, the usual numerical methods to solve the Euler–Lagrange equations of the grand potential functional are inefficient, finding local minimum and making the convergence very costly for systems with high complexity. Therefore, we present new numerical methods to accelerate the search of equilibrium density distributions of confined fluids, making it possible to find the DFT solutions directly, even when the system is inside the hysteresis region (more than one local minimum) of a sorption isotherm. Here, we use the PC-SAFT-DFT to describe the confinement of simple molecules, molecules with chain effects, and mixtures. We show that the present methodology is convenient to describe the phase diagrams of confined fluids.

In this paper, for q = pm (p is prime) such that q ≡ 1 (mod e), we study skew constacyclic codes over a class of non-chain rings $R_{e,q}=\mathbb {F}_{q}[u]/\langle u^{e}-1\rangle $ where m, e ≥ 2 are integers. We decompose the ring into a direct sum of local rings, and consequently, skew constacyclic codes over that ring into a direct sum of skew constacyclic codes over local rings. This decomposition yields the structure of Euclidean duals of skew constacyclic codes and further a necessary and sufficient condition to contain their duals. From an application point of view, we apply the CSS (Calderbank-Shor-Steane) construction on Gray images of dual containing skew constacyclic codes and obtain many quantum codes improving the best-known codes in the literature.

PurposeThis research studies a location-allocation problem considering the m/m/m/k queue model in the blood supply chain network. This supply chain includes three levels of suppliers or donors, main blood centers (laboratories for separation, storage and distribution centers) and demand centers (hospitals and private clinics). Moreover, the proposed model is a multi-objective model including minimizing the total cost of the blood supply chain (the cost of unmet demand and inventory spoilage, the cost of transport between collection centers and the main centers of blood), minimizing the waiting time of donors in blood donating mobile centers, and minimizing the establishment of mobile centers in potential places.Design/methodology/approachSince the problem is multi-objective and NP-Hard, the heuristic algorithm NSGA-II is proposed for Pareto solutions and then the estimation of the parameters of the algorithm is described using the design of experiments. According to the review of the previous research, there are a few pieces of research in the blood supply chain in the field of design queue models and there were few works that tried to use these concepts for designing the blood supply chain networks. Also, in former research, the uncertainty in the number of donors, and also the importance of blood donors has not been considered.FindingsA novel mathematical model guided by the theory of linear programming has been proposed that can help health-care administrators in optimizing the blood supply chain networks.Originality/valueBy building upon solid literature and theory, the current study proposes a novel model for improving the supply chain of blood.

Hazardous chemicals are indispensable substances for the development of modern industries. However, improper storage, transportation, or handling of hazardous chemicals can cause chain disasters su...

In either a living system or a non-living system, the interaction among its constituent cells or particles is a fundamental aspect at all scales. For example, during the Bacillus subtilis biofilm formation, cells differentiate into multiple phenotypes to adapt to the environments; few hours after the initial inoculation, we find the phenotype of matrix-producing cells form "chain" structure surrounding the phenotype of the "running" motile cells. We use "chain" to characterize the structure of matrix-producing cells, and "running" to characterize the proliferation and growth of motile cells. Due to a large number of cells in the biofilm, it is impossible to construct a traditional kinetic model to describe the causal link between the single-cell movement and the colony behavior. Here, we obtain cell state information and cell group shape information through experiments; after the image analysis, we get the key interaction rules between cells, and then, we simulate the comparable movement of two cell types and the resulting colony geometry using the multi-agent model. Our work makes a better understanding of the relationship between the macroscopic shape of colonies and microscopic mechanical interactions among cells in the early stage of biofilm growth.

A maximal chain in a tree is called a path, and a tree is called bounded when all its paths contain leaves. This paper concerns itself with first-order theories of bounded trees. We establish some sufficient conditions for the existence of bounded end-extensions that are also partial elementary extensions of a given tree. As an application of tree boundedness, we obtain a conditional axiomatisation of the first-order theory of the class of trees whose paths are all isomorphic to some ordinal $$\alpha < \omega ^{\omega }$$ , given the first-order theories of certain classes of bounded trees.

The statistical mechanics of an ideal polymer chain entangled with static topological constraints is studied using a superspace approach, in which the probability distribution of the polymer is obtained as solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation in a superspace with an inner structure characterized by the n-generator free group. The theory predicts that the force-extension curve of the polymer under the topological constraints has the generic form F=kl+Z/l, where l is an effective extension. Aside from the elastic term that is linear in l, the force-extension curve contains a universal term of the form Z/l. The magnitude of this topological term is determined by the topological charge number Z, which characterizes the topological nature of the static constraints. The theoretical results are further verified by a scaling analysis based on a blob model of the chain conformations.

Stereocomplex (SC) crystallization between polymer enantiomers has opened a promising avenue for preparing high-performance materials. However, high-crystallinity SCs are difficult to achieve for high-molecular-weight (HMW) enantiomeric blends of chiral polymers [e.g., poly(lactic acid)]. Despite extensive studies, why HMW enantiomeric blends have difficulty in SC crystallization has not been clarified. Herein, we chose the HMW poly(l-lactic acid)/poly(d-lactic acid) (PLLA/PDLA) 1/1 blend as the model system and demonstrated the crucial role of chain entanglement in regulating SC crystallization. PLLA/PDLA blends with various entanglement degrees were prepared by freeze-drying. We observed that disentangling promoted not only the crystallization rate but also the crystallinity of SCs in both the nonisothermal and isothermal processes. The less-entangled samples crystallized exclusively as the high-crystallinity SCs at different temperatures, in contrast to the predominant homocrystallization that occurred in the common entangled samples. This study provides deep insight into the SC crystallization mechanism of polymers and paves the way for future research attempting to prepare SC materials.

In this paper, we construct several infinite families of codes over the chain ring $$R={\mathbb {F}}_2[u]/\langle u^k\rangle $$ , i.e., $$R={\mathbb {F}}_2+u{\mathbb {F}}_2+\cdots +u^{k-1}{\mathbb {F}}_2, u^{k}=0$$ by employing simplicial complexes. When the simplicial complexes are all generated by a single maximal element, we compute the homogeneous weight distributions of these classes of codes. By the Gray map, we obtain that some classes of codes are minimal and some classes of these codes are distance optimal. The codewords of these codes are shown to be minimal for inclusion of supports, a fact favorable to an application to secret sharing schemes.

Background and aims: Branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) can be tightly connected to metabolism syndrome (MetS) which can be counted as a metabolic indicator in the case of insulin resistance (IR). The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of these acids under oxidative stress. Material and Methods: the in vitro antioxidant activity of BCAAs was assessed using free radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assays. For further check, a qRT-PCR technique was madefor detection the extent of alterations in gene expression of antioxidative enzymes (catalase and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx)) in lipopolysaccharides (LPS(-induced macrophages RAW 264.7 cell line. Additionally, BCAAs antioxidant activity was evaluated based on plasma H2O2 levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity in prooxidative LPS-treated mice. Results: Different concentrations of BCAAs affected on DPPH radical scavenging activity but to lesser extent than the ascorbic acid. Besides, BCAAs obviously upregulated the gene expression levels of catalases and Gpx in LPS-modulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cell line. In vivo BCAAs significantly minimized the level of plasma H2O2 as well as the activity of XO activity under oxidative stress. Conclusion: our current findings suggest that BCAAs supplementation may potentially serve as a therapeutic target for treatment of oxidative stress occurs with atherosclerosis, IR-diabetes, MetS and tumorigenesis.

The Covid-19 pandemic has shown that food supply chains are the most critical component of economic and human activities. It has also created a lot of interest among researchers, practitioners and policymakers to study the significant challenges of the food supply chain caused by the pandemic. Therefore this work wanted to investigate the critical supply chain challenges due to Covid-19 with the help of a systematic literature review of well-established articles published in interdisciplinary journals. The selection of thirty one papers was made through a research protocol that helped select and identify research papers which were coded with the help of qualitative software Atlasti 9.0 to study which supply chain challenge amongst disruption, forecasting and inventory was most prominently studied in the literature. Results of software coding revealed that disruption was coded 170 times whereas forecasting 10 times and inventory 37 times as challenges of food Supply Chain Management (SCM). Therefore, it was concluded that most of the researchers considered disruption as one of the significant food supply chain challenges. Further coding also revealed that lockdown and labour related issues were the primary reasons for food supply chain disruption.

The present study was carried out during 2020-21 in Thoubal and Bishnupur districts of Manipur state to assess the knowledge of aromatic black rice growers regarding the benefits provided under the Mission Organic Value Chain Development Scheme (MOVCDS). One hundred eighty aromatic black rice growers were interviewed for the study using a pre-tested interview schedule. The results revealed that a vast majority of over 85.00 per cent of the aromatic black rice growers had correct knowledge regarding the various benefits provided under MOVCDS. Education, organic farming experience, livestock possession, crop productivity, achievement motivation, aspiration, management orientation, economic motivation, risk orientation, innovative proneness, mass media exposure, training on organic farming, extension agency contact, and extension participation of aromatic black rice growers have significantly contributed in increasing the knowledge level of aromatic black rice growers regarding the benefits provided under MOVCDS. Further, extension agency contact, extension participation, and training on organic farming of aromatic black rice growers were found to be having the direct effect, indirect effect, and largest indirect effect in increasing the knowledge regarding the benefits provided under MOVCDS. The research finding validates the importance of training, extension participation, and extension agency contact in any social intervention to enhance the knowledge of the beneficiaries regarding the scheme or intervention.

We construct a broad class of solutions of the KP-I equation by using a reduced version of the Grammian form of the $\tau$-function. The basic solution is a linear periodic chain of lumps propagating with distinct group and wave velocities. More generally, our solutions are evolving linear arrangements of lump chains, and can be viewed as the KP-I analogues of the family of line-soliton solutions of KP-II. However, the linear arrangements that we construct for KP-I are more general, and allow degenerate configurations such as parallel or superimposed lump chains. We also construct solutions describing interactions between lump chains and individual lumps, and discuss the relationship between the solutions obtained using the reduced and regular Grammian forms.

In this paper, a new generalization of semi-linear uniform spaces is introduced for the first time. This generalization will dispense with the chain condition imposed on a semi-linear uniform space which is given in Tallafha and Khalil (Eur J Pure Appl Math 2:231–238, 2009). We will show that several facts and results have been verified without that strong condition. Finally, we use the concept of ultrafilter and Cauchy filter to study the concept of precompact in this generalization of semi-linear uniform spaces.

Based on data visualization technology, it expounds the attitude of Chinese college students to the P.E. information distance education industry. The research mainly uses attitude questionnaires to conduct cross-sectional surveys based on the Internet of Things, and uses data visualization technology to evaluate students' attitudes and opinions on informatized sports distance education. Our survey results show that in the online physical education courses carried out during the school blockade, students have a positive attitude towards informatized physical education, and the online teaching effect provided by the school is satisfactory. According to the vertical total score percentage of 16 measurement indicators, we can see that we strongly agree (364.22%), agree (439.37%), uncertain (422.28%), disagree (242.9%) and strongly disagree (130.854%). It can be seen that even if the school is blocked, students show a higher enthusiasm for information-based physical education.

Halal is a main requirement for Muslims in food selection. On the other hand, the increasing Muslim population in the world also encourages an increase in the availability of halal food. In its development, driven by technological advances, there is a risk of changes in halal food. These changes can occur in the food supply chain that involves various aspects. This study aims to identify risks based on technological aspects (technoware, humanware, infoware, orgaware). Furthermore, this study also aims to prioritize halal risk using the AHP method. The results showed that the type of transportation, cooperation, shipping schedule and supplier legality are sub criteria that are priority in arranging corrective actions in preventing halal risk.

Blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, hack, or cheat the system. You have probably heard of Blockchain in the past few years, mostly in the context of crypto currency. However, Blockchain has grown to have several different applications. The significant part about Blockchain is that it is never under the complete control of a single entity due to being entirely consensus-driven. It can never change the data you store in the Blockchain used widely in sharing medical data in the healthcare industry. Due to the security that Blockchain provides, this data can be shared among parties seamlessly. Another application of Blockchain is in maintaining the integrity of payment systems. Blockchain-based payment systems are immune to external attacks and theft. Blockchain can also be used in tracking the status of products in a supply chain in real-time.

This work sets out to consider the effects of consumption from a new angle. While much has been written about the economic and political implications of chain stores, little has been devoted to the...