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Background: he number of patients on warfarin therapy is rising steadily. Although warfarin is beneficial, it carries a high risk of bleeding, especially if the international normalized ratio (INR) values exceed 3.0. Currently, no warfarin initiation regimens have been developed for the Asian population, especially for Malaysians. Objective: This article describes the efficacy and safety of a new initiation regimen for warfarin among warfarin-naive patients. Method: Data were retrospectively collected from the ambulatory and inpatient settings. Results: A total of 165 patients who each had a target INR of 2.0 to 3.0 were included in the study. The mean age was 57.2 years and 94 patients were male. A total of 108 patients used Regimen 1 (5 mg/5 mg/3mg) and the rest of the patients used Regimen 2 (5 mg/3 mg/3 mg). Most patients used warfarin either for atrial fibrillation (52.1%) or for venous thromboembolism (29.7%). Overall, 88 of the patients had INR values above 50% from the baseline on Day 4. Additionally, 13 patients had INR values of >3.2, which required withholding and lower dose of warfarin. The predicted weekly maintenance warfarin dose (23 ± 0.5 mg/week) was found to have correlated closely with the actual maintenance dose (22.8 ± 0.5 mg/week; r2 = 0.75). Nearly two thirds (70.3%) of the patients achieved the target INR on Day 11. Conclusion: The warfarin initiation regimens in this study was simple, safe, and suitable to be used in both ambulatory and inpatient settings for managing warfarin therapy.

Objectives: The objective of study to assess the effect of health education via mobile applications in promoting health-related quality of life among schoolchildren with asthma in urban Malaysia. Methods: A Quasi-experimental with two-group pre- and post-intervention design was used in this study involving a total of 214 students. The students were randomly assigned into two groups (intervention group and control group) in a pre and post intervention approach. The control group received face to face education and the experimental group had health education via mobile apps.Results: The findings showed that the total score of health related quality of life has improvement in the mean total score of health-related quality of life from pre-intervention (5.31±1.27) to post-intervention (5.66±1.28) for the control group, compared with the experimental group with a mean total score of HRQoL at pre-intervention (5.01±1.36) and post-intervention (5.85±1.29). A comparison between the experimental and control groups using an independent t-test showed statistically significant differences in the mean HRQoL scores of asthma between the experimental and control groups. The effect of health education via mobile applications showed statistically significant improvement pre and post intervention in HRQoL score [F (1,288) = 57.46, p = Conclusion: The use of mobile technology in health education improved HRQoL as compared of traditional method of face-to-face lecture or handbooks among school children with asthma. Thus, educational module using mobile apps improves HRQoL. Trial registration: This study was registered under the Medical Research Committee, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia under Trial MRECID. NO: 2016112-4501, Also, this study is registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) under Trial ID: ACTRN12614300582550

Rücker, Wolfgang H., Chan, Mei-Ling (2021): On the genus Stephostethus LeConte, 1878 (Coleoptera: Latridiidae: Latridiinae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species. European Journal of Taxonomy 735: 1-14, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1235

Stephostethus chinensis (Reitter, 1877) Figs 7���9, 11���14 Lathridius chinensis Reitter, 1877: 113. Stephostethus chinensis ��� R��cker 2018: 172. Diagnosis Stephostethus chinensis (Reitter 1877) is similar to S. carinatus Sen Gupta, 1976 from India. However, the former species can be distinguished from the latter by the structure of the genital segments of the male, and the characters of the teeth on male tibiae, as S. carinatus has one tooth on the mid tibia, and S. chinensis has no teeth on the mid tibia. Material examined TAIWAN ��� 2 ♂♂; Nantou County, Ren���ai, Meifeng; 24.0973�� N, 121.1764�� E; 2113 m a.s.l.; 30 Mar.���1 Apr. 2020; F.S. Hu and Y.J. Chen leg.; by flight interception trap; PCHO ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Meifeng; 3���15 Oct. 1990; C.K. Starr leg.; yellow pan trap; NMNS ENT 766-5 ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Jenai, Meifeng; 12 Nov.��� 10 Dec. 2002; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 4913-1077 ��� 1 ♂; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (TM7), Tengchih; 9���18 Feb. 2009; C.T. Yao leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♀; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (TM3), Tengchih; 9���18 Feb. 2009; C.T. Yao leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Kaohsiung City, Taoyuan, Shishan logging trail; 8 Feb. 2020; C.T. Hsu leg.; beating; PCHO ��� 2 ♂♂; Taitung Hsien, Chihpen; 17���18 Feb. 1982; L.Y. Chou and K.C. Chou leg.; TARI. Description LENGTH. 1.83-2.00 mm. WIDTH. 0.86-0.97 mm. COLOUR. General body colour brown to dark brown, with legs and antennae yellowish brown. HEAD. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.20, surface strongly punctate, base of head depressed, clypeus narrower than head, covered with some short setae; temple narrower than eye, about half length of eye, with sharp hind angle. Antennae 11-segmented, second segment slightly shorter than third segment, apical three segments clubbed. Eyes strongly developed, with more than 20 facets. Sometimes covered with wax in ventral view. PRONOTUM. Slightly wider than long, width to length ratio 1.00: 0.95; sides almost parallel, widest at anterior margin, narrowest at posterior one-third. Front angle slightly protruded and bluntly rounded, anterior third with a pair of triangular depressions. Surface irregularly and densely punctate, with a pair of carinae on disc. Prosternum short, procoxa separated. Sometimes covered with wax in ventral and lateral views. ELYTRA. Broadly oval, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.40, broadest at middle, apex round. Posterior third depressed. With eight punctate striae, 1 st striae complete, 2 nd striae connected with 7 th striae at posterior end of elytra, 3 rd striae connected with 6 th striae, 4 th striae connected with 5 th striae, 8 th striae incomplete. 5 th interstriae weakly carinate, 7 th interstriae strongly protruding at front, and extended to middle, with short setae. Scutellum broadly pentagonal. METASTERNUM. Strongly convex, with fovea situated under mid coxa on each side and surrounded by radial striae. Sometimes covered with wax on meso- and metasternum. LEGS. Long and slender, covered with short setae on femora and tibiae. Tarsi 3-3-3, tarsomere 3 longer than 1 and 2 combined; arolium indistinct. Male protibia expanded and curved at apex, with one distinct tooth on anterior end; mid tibia straight, without any teeth; hind tibia straight, with three distinct teeth on anterior end. Female without any teeth on legs. MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus weakly chitinized. Long and slender, sides parallel, sharp at apex; bent at anterior two fifths, and weakly curved at anterior fifth. Genital segments broad and short, broadest at base, apical end deeply concave with two rounded lobes (Fig. 8). Distribution This species is only known from Asia, including Eastern Siberia, China, Japan and Mongolia (Johnson 2007; R��cker 2018, 2020), and is new to Taiwan (Fig. 12). It is distributed in mid to southern Taiwan, and is widely recorded in various areas, ranging in altitude from 300 to 2300 m a.s.l. Remarks Stephostethus chinensis was recorded as a household pest in Japan (Tanaka & Tahira 1995). However, we have never found this species in indoor environments in Taiwan. Some specimens of this species were collected by beating damp leaves in an artificial red oak forest (~ 1700 m a.s.l.), and some were collected with flight interception traps in the forest (2113 m a.s.l.) (Fig. 11)., Published as part of R��cker, Wolfgang H. & Chan, Mei-Ling, 2021, On the genus Stephostethus LeConte, 1878 (Coleoptera: Latridiidae: Latridiinae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-14 in European Journal of Taxonomy 735 on pages 8-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1235, http://zenodo.org/record/4542084, {"references":["Reitter E. 1877. Neue Coleoptera aus Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 109 - 116.","Rucker W. H. 2018. Latridiidae und Merophysiidae der West-Palaarktis. Published by the author, Neuwied.","Sen Gupta T. 1976. Lathridiinae (Coleoptera: Lathridiidae) from India. Oriental Insects 10: 113 - 135.","Johnson C. 2007. Latridiidae. In: Lobl I. & Smetana A. (eds) Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera, Vol. 4. Elateroidea, Derodontoidea, Bostrichoidea, Lymexyloidea, Cleroidea and Cucujoidea: 74 - 80. Apollo Books, Stenstrup, Denmark.","Rucker W. H. 2020. Latridiidae und Merophysiidae der West-Palaarktis. 2 nd Edition. Published by the author, Neuwied.","Tanaka K. & Tahira Y. 1995. Several lathridiid beetles new to or little known from Japan. House and Household Insect Pests 17 (1): 37 ‾ 40. [In Japanese.]"]}

Stephostethus yuanfengensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DE4DC6D-203D-4AEF-8978-CE3E204EE6BF Figs 4-6, 10, 12 Diagnosis This species is closely related to Stephostethus setosus Rücker, 2004 from China, but can be distinguished by the following characters: (1) hairs on elytra are shorter than those of S. setosus, (2) pronotum is more slender than that of S. setosus, and (3) structure of genital segments of male is different from that of S. setosus. In S. setosus, the apical end of the genital segments is sharper than in S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. Etymology The specific epithet, yuanfengensis, is named after the type locality, Yuanfeng, in central Taiwan. Material examined Holotype TAIWAN • ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 8 Sep.–4 Oct. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7393-180. Paratypes TAIWAN • 1 ♂; Miaoli, Taian; 19 Dec. 1989; K.W. Huang leg.; sweeping; NMNS ENT 1113-203 • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Heping, Qika; 4 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping; NCHU • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Heping, Qika; 24.387279° N, 121.284885° E; 5 Apr. 2009; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping Miscanthus; WRCN • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.383298° N, 121.286318° E; 2 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN • 1 ♂; Nantou, Lienhuachih, Watersher n° 3; 1 Aug.–7 Sep. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 6773-89 • 1 ♂; Nantou, Jenai, Piluchi; 4 Dec. 1991; Y.C. Shiau leg.; sweeping net; NMNS • 1 ♂; Hualien Hsien, Tayuling; 2560 m a.s.l.; 9–16 Jun. 1980; K.S. Lin and B.H. Chen leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Meifeng; 2150 m a.s.l.; 22 May 1982; L.Y. Chou leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Meifeng; 2230 m a.s.l.; 10 May 1979; K.C. Chou leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Nantou, Meifeng; 5 Jul.–2 Aug. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7488-934 • 1 ♂; Nantou, Yunhaipaohsienso; 4 May 1992; W.T. Yang leg.; sweeping net; NMNS ENT 1447-1046 • 2 ♂♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 7 Mar.–13 Apr. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7421-36, 7421-64 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Mar.–16 Apr. 2003; NMNS ENT 6603-19 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Mar.–7 Jun. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-345 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Mar.–12 Apr. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-22 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 13 Apr.–9 May 2008; NMNS ENT 7421-594 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr.–11 May 2004; NMNS ENT 6660-180 • 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Apr.–19 May 1998; NMNS ENT 3113-127, 3113-161, 3113-188 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Apr.–7 May 2003; NMNS ENT 6603-192 • 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 May–6 Jun. 2006; NMNS ENT 7421-1098 (♀), 7421-1094 (♂), 7421-1106 (♂) • 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Jun.–25 Jul. 2006; NMNS ENT 7423-1993, 7423-1897, 7423-1826, 7423-1923, 7423-1825, 7423-2018 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jul.–22 Aug. 2006; NMNS ENT 7423-3062, 7423-3119 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Aug.–8 Sep. 2005; NMNS ENT 7392-1104 • 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Sep.–4 Oct. 2005; NMNS ENT 7393-65, 7393-153, 7393-157, 7393-159, 7393-199 • 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Oct.–4 Nov. 2003; NMNS ENT 6658-27, 6658-38 • 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Tsuifeng; 2300 m a.s.l.; 8 Nov. 1981; S.C. Lin and W.S. Tang leg.; TARI • 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Nantou, Hsini, Patungkuan; 13–15 Jun. 1989; K.W. Huang; sweeping; NMNS ENT 460-463 (♂), 460- 466 (♀) • 1 ♂; Chiayi Hsien, Alishan; 2400 m a.s.l.; 5–9 Aug. 1981; L.Y. Chou and S.C. Lin leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Chiayi County, Alishan, Shishan race; 8 Mar. 2020; Y.H. Ho and P.Y. Shih leg.; PCHO • 1 ♂; Chiayi, Yu-shan West peak; 15 May 1991; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping and sucking; NMNS ENT 1127- 46 • 4 ♂♂; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (TM12), Tengchih; 22–30 Dec. 2008; C.-T. Yao leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (MM2), Shihshan logging trail; 18–25 Feb. 2009; C.- T. Yao leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Kaohsiung City, Taoyuan, Shishan logging trail; 8 Feb. 2020; C.T. Hsu leg.; beating; PCHO • 1 ♂; Pintung, Kuaiku Coffage; 21 May 1991; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping and sucking; NMNS ENT 1125-10 • 2 ♂♂; Taitung, Peinan, Panchiu Station; 16 Dec. 2004 – 17 Feb. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 5871-102, 5871-104. Description LENGTH. 1.83–2.02 mm. WIDTH. 0.86–0.91 mm. COLOUR. General body colour light brown, with head and pronotum dark brown. HEAD. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.20, strongly punctate, clypeus narrower than head, with some short setae. Eyes strongly developed, with more than 20 facets; temple narrower than eye, about half length of eye, hind angle with or without a sharp tooth. Antennae 11-segmented, 3 rd segment slightly longer than 4 th segment, 5 th to 8 th segment same in length, apical three segments clubbed. PRONOTUM. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.05, widest at anterior margin, narrowest at anterior third. Sides carinate; front angle strongly protruded and bluntly rounded, posterior one-third with a pair of round depressions. Surface irregularly and densely punctate, with a pair of carinae on disc. Sometimes covered with wax on lateral and ventral sides. ELYTRA. Broadly oval, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.40, broadest at middle, apex round. Depression on posterior third indistinct. With eight punctate striae, 1 st striae complete, 2 nd striae connected with 7 th striae at posterior end of elytra, 3 rd striae connected with 6 th striae, 4 th striae connected with 5 th striae, 8 th striae incomplete. 5 th interstriae not carinate, 7 th interstriae weakly carinate, only extended to anterior one-fifth, slightly protruded. Scutellum broadly pentagonal. METASTERNUM. Strongly convex, with fovea situated under mid coxa on each side and surrounded by radial striae. Sometimes covered with wax on meso- and metasternum. LEGS. Long and slender, covered with short setae on femora and tibiae. Male with one distinct tooth on each anterior end of protibia, mid tibia and hind tibia; anterior end of protibia expanded and curved, mid tibia and hind tibia straight. Female without any teeth on tibia. MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus weakly chitinized, long and slender, sides parallel, weakly curved at middle, and straight at apex in lateral view. Genital segments long and slender, broadest at base, middle area less chitinized, apical end spear-shaped (Fig. 5). Distribution Central to southern Taiwan (Fig. 12). This species can be found in areas from low to high elevation (300–3518 m a.s.l.). Remarks From our records, S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. can be caught in Malaise traps in large numbers (ca 100 individuals at a time) at the type locality. Some of the specimens were collected by beating dry dead branches and damp leaves in an artificial red oak forest (~ 2300 m a.s.l.) (Fig. 10).

Stephostethus taiwanus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35987EB7-6F55-4EB3-B5C0-4DAC0F3D049C Figs 1���3, 12 Diagnosis This species is closely related to Stephostethus chinensis (Reitter, 1877), but can be distinguished by the 7 th interstriae, which are less protruding at the front, the structure of the genital segments of the male, and the characters of the teeth on the male tibiae. Stephostethus taiwanus sp. nov. has four indistinct teeth on the hind tibia, whereas S. chinensis has three distinct teeth on the hind tibia. Etymology The specific epithet, taiwanus, is named after its country of discovery, Taiwan. Material examined Holotype TAIWAN ��� ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 8 Dec. 2005 ��� 3 Jan. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7408-4. Paratypes TAIWAN ��� 1 ♂; Taipei, Wulai, Happen; 9 Dec. 1985; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping net; NMNS ENT 2493-33 ��� 1 ♂; Miaoli, Taian; 19 Dec.1989; K.W. Huang leg.; sweeping; NMNS ENT 1113-219 ��� 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.38329�� N, 121.28631�� E; 2 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN ��� 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.38985�� N, 121.27618�� E; 9 Feb. 2011; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 7 Mar.���13 Apr. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7421-68 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 May���6 Jun. 2006; NMNS ENT 7421-1099 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3 May���7 Jun. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-390 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Nov.���8 Dec. 2005; NMNS ENT 7393-1096 ��� 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Tsuifeng; 2300 m a.s.l.; 8 Nov. 1981; S.C. Lin and W.S. Tang leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Nantou County, Xinyi, Tatajia; 27 Mar. 2018; H.T. Yeh leg.; in Picea forest; PCHO ��� 1 ♂; Chiayi Hsien, Alishan; 2400 m a.s.l.; 17���20 Aug. 1982; K.C. Chou and C.C. Pan leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Tainan City, Sinhua Forest Area, 15 Feb. 2020; Y.H. Ho leg.; beating dead dry branches; PCHO ��� 1 ♂; Taitung, Peinan, Panchiu Station, 16 Dec. 2004 ��� 17 Feb. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 5871-99. Description LENGTH. 1.82���2.05 mm. WIDTH. 0.87���0.95 mm. COLOUR. General body yellowish brown to dark brown, with tibiae, tarsi and antennae light brown. HEAD. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.11; strongly punctate, clypeus narrower than head, with short setae. Eyes well developed, with more than 20 facets; temple narrower than eye, about half length of eye, hind angle of temple with or without a sharp tooth. Antennae with 11 segments, 3 rd segment slightly shorter than 4 th segment, 4 th to 8 th segment same in length; apical three segments clubbed. PRONOTUM. Almost as long as wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 0.94; sides almost parallel, widest at anterior margin, narrowest at posterior one-third. Front angle barely protruding and bluntly rounded, posterior one-third with a pair of depressions. Surface irregularly and densely punctate, with a pair of carinae on disc. Sometimes covered with wax on lateral and ventral sides. ELYTRA. Broadly oval, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.41, broadest at middle, apex round. Depression on posterior one third indistinct. With eight punctate striae, 1 st striae complete, 2 nd striae connected with 7 th striae at posterior end, 3 rd striae connected with 6 th striae, 4 th striae connected with 5 th striae, 8 th striae incomplete. 5 th interstriae weakly carinate, 7 th interstriae weakly protruding at front, extending to middle. Sides weakly carinate. Scutellum broadly pentagonal, much wider than long. METASTERNUM. Strongly convex, each side with fovea situated under mid coxa, and surrounded by radial striae, sometimes covered with wax on meso- and metasternum. LEGS. Long and slender, covered with short setae on femora and tibiae. Male with one distinct tooth on anterior end of protibia and four indistinct teeth on anterior end of hind tibia, sometimes barely visible, mid tibia without any teeth; anterior end of protibia straight, apex expanded, mid and hind tibia straight. MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus weakly chitinized, long and slender, sides parallel, with apex sharp, curve at middle in lateral view. Genital segments weakly chitinized, with apical end truncate, broadest at base (Fig. 2). Distribution Taiwan (Fig. 12). Widely found in various altitude levels ranging from 100 to 2300 m a.s.l. Remarks This species is widely distributed in Taiwan, and partly overlaps with the range of S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. in central and southern Taiwan. So far, of the three species of Stephostethus LeConte in Taiwan, only S. taiwanus sp. nov. is found in northern Taiwan. Some of the specimens were collected by beating the dead dry branches in a broadleaf forest (~ 100 m a.s.l.)., Published as part of R��cker, Wolfgang H. & Chan, Mei-Ling, 2021, On the genus Stephostethus LeConte, 1878 (Coleoptera: Latridiidae: Latridiinae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-14 in European Journal of Taxonomy 735 on pages 3-5, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1235, http://zenodo.org/record/4542084, {"references":["Reitter E. 1877. Neue Coleoptera aus Japan. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 21: 109 - 116."]}

Stephostethus taiwanus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 35987EB7-6F55-4EB3-B5C0-4DAC0F3D049C Figs 1–3, 12 Diagnosis This species is closely related to Stephostethus chinensis (Reitter, 1877), but can be distinguished by the 7 th interstriae, which are less protruding at the front, the structure of the genital segments of the male, and the characters of the teeth on the male tibiae. Stephostethus taiwanus sp. nov. has four indistinct teeth on the hind tibia, whereas S. chinensis has three distinct teeth on the hind tibia. Etymology The specific epithet, taiwanus, is named after its country of discovery, Taiwan. Material examined Holotype TAIWAN • ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 8 Dec. 2005 – 3 Jan. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7408-4. Paratypes TAIWAN • 1 ♂; Taipei, Wulai, Happen; 9 Dec. 1985; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping net; NMNS ENT 2493-33 • 1 ♂; Miaoli, Taian; 19 Dec.1989; K.W. Huang leg.; sweeping; NMNS ENT 1113-219 • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.38329° N, 121.28631° E; 2 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN • 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.38985° N, 121.27618° E; 9 Feb. 2011; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN • 1 ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 7 Mar.–13 Apr. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7421-68 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 May–6 Jun. 2006; NMNS ENT 7421-1099 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 3 May–7 Jun. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-390 • 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Nov.–8 Dec. 2005; NMNS ENT 7393-1096 • 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Tsuifeng; 2300 m a.s.l.; 8 Nov. 1981; S.C. Lin and W.S. Tang leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Nantou County, Xinyi, Tatajia; 27 Mar. 2018; H.T. Yeh leg.; in Picea forest; PCHO • 1 ♂; Chiayi Hsien, Alishan; 2400 m a.s.l.; 17–20 Aug. 1982; K.C. Chou and C.C. Pan leg.; TARI • 1 ♂; Tainan City, Sinhua Forest Area, 15 Feb. 2020; Y.H. Ho leg.; beating dead dry branches; PCHO • 1 ♂; Taitung, Peinan, Panchiu Station, 16 Dec. 2004 – 17 Feb. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 5871-99. Description LENGTH. 1.82–2.05 mm. WIDTH. 0.87–0.95 mm. COLOUR. General body yellowish brown to dark brown, with tibiae, tarsi and antennae light brown. HEAD. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.11; strongly punctate, clypeus narrower than head, with short setae. Eyes well developed, with more than 20 facets; temple narrower than eye, about half length of eye, hind angle of temple with or without a sharp tooth. Antennae with 11 segments, 3 rd segment slightly shorter than 4 th segment, 4 th to 8 th segment same in length; apical three segments clubbed. PRONOTUM. Almost as long as wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 0.94; sides almost parallel, widest at anterior margin, narrowest at posterior one-third. Front angle barely protruding and bluntly rounded, posterior one-third with a pair of depressions. Surface irregularly and densely punctate, with a pair of carinae on disc. Sometimes covered with wax on lateral and ventral sides. ELYTRA. Broadly oval, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.41, broadest at middle, apex round. Depression on posterior one third indistinct. With eight punctate striae, 1 st striae complete, 2 nd striae connected with 7 th striae at posterior end, 3 rd striae connected with 6 th striae, 4 th striae connected with 5 th striae, 8 th striae incomplete. 5 th interstriae weakly carinate, 7 th interstriae weakly protruding at front, extending to middle. Sides weakly carinate. Scutellum broadly pentagonal, much wider than long. METASTERNUM. Strongly convex, each side with fovea situated under mid coxa, and surrounded by radial striae, sometimes covered with wax on meso- and metasternum. LEGS. Long and slender, covered with short setae on femora and tibiae. Male with one distinct tooth on anterior end of protibia and four indistinct teeth on anterior end of hind tibia, sometimes barely visible, mid tibia without any teeth; anterior end of protibia straight, apex expanded, mid and hind tibia straight. MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus weakly chitinized, long and slender, sides parallel, with apex sharp, curve at middle in lateral view. Genital segments weakly chitinized, with apical end truncate, broadest at base (Fig. 2). Distribution Taiwan (Fig. 12). Widely found in various altitude levels ranging from 100 to 2300 m a.s.l. Remarks This species is widely distributed in Taiwan, and partly overlaps with the range of S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. in central and southern Taiwan. So far, of the three species of Stephostethus LeConte in Taiwan, only S. taiwanus sp. nov. is found in northern Taiwan. Some of the specimens were collected by beating the dead dry branches in a broadleaf forest (~ 100 m a.s.l.).

Stephostethus yuanfengensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 4DE4DC6D-203D-4AEF-8978-CE3E204EE6BF Figs 4-6, 10, 12 Diagnosis This species is closely related to Stephostethus setosus R��cker, 2004 from China, but can be distinguished by the following characters: (1) hairs on elytra are shorter than those of S. setosus, (2) pronotum is more slender than that of S. setosus, and (3) structure of genital segments of male is different from that of S. setosus. In S. setosus, the apical end of the genital segments is sharper than in S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. Etymology The specific epithet, yuanfengensis, is named after the type locality, Yuanfeng, in central Taiwan. Material examined Holotype TAIWAN ��� ♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 8 Sep.���4 Oct. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7393-180. Paratypes TAIWAN ��� 1 ♂; Miaoli, Taian; 19 Dec. 1989; K.W. Huang leg.; sweeping; NMNS ENT 1113-203 ��� 1 ♂; Taichung City, Heping, Qika; 4 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping; NCHU ��� 1 ♂; Taichung City, Heping, Qika; 24.387279�� N, 121.284885�� E; 5 Apr. 2009; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping Miscanthus; WRCN ��� 1 ♂; Taichung City, Shei-Pa National Park; 24.383298�� N, 121.286318�� E; 2 Apr. 2010; W.B. Yeh leg.; sweeping shrub; WRCN ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Lienhuachih, Watersher n�� 3; 1 Aug.���7 Sep. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 6773-89 ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Jenai, Piluchi; 4 Dec. 1991; Y.C. Shiau leg.; sweeping net; NMNS ��� 1 ♂; Hualien Hsien, Tayuling; 2560 m a.s.l.; 9���16 Jun. 1980; K.S. Lin and B.H. Chen leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Meifeng; 2150 m a.s.l.; 22 May 1982; L.Y. Chou leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Meifeng; 2230 m a.s.l.; 10 May 1979; K.C. Chou leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Meifeng; 5 Jul.���2 Aug. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7488-934 ��� 1 ♂; Nantou, Yunhaipaohsienso; 4 May 1992; W.T. Yang leg.; sweeping net; NMNS ENT 1447-1046 ��� 2 ♂♂; Nantou, Yuanfeng; 7 Mar.���13 Apr. 2006; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 7421-36, 7421-64 ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Mar.���16 Apr. 2003; NMNS ENT 6603-19 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 5 Mar.���7 Jun. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-345 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Mar.���12 Apr. 2005; NMNS ENT 7388-22 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 13 Apr.���9 May 2008; NMNS ENT 7421-594 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Apr.���11 May 2004; NMNS ENT 6660-180 ��� 3 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 Apr.���19 May 1998; NMNS ENT 3113-127, 3113-161, 3113-188 ��� 1 ♀; same collection data as for preceding; 17 Apr.���7 May 2003; NMNS ENT 6603-192 ��� 1 ♀, 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 9 May���6 Jun. 2006; NMNS ENT 7421-1098 (♀), 7421-1094 (♂), 7421-1106 (♂) ��� 6 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 6 Jun.���25 Jul. 2006; NMNS ENT 7423-1993, 7423-1897, 7423-1826, 7423-1923, 7423-1825, 7423-2018 ��� 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 25 Jul.���22 Aug. 2006; NMNS ENT 7423-3062, 7423-3119 ��� 1 ♂; same collection data as for preceding; 2 Aug.���8 Sep. 2005; NMNS ENT 7392-1104 ��� 5 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 8 Sep.���4 Oct. 2005; NMNS ENT 7393-65, 7393-153, 7393-157, 7393-159, 7393-199 ��� 2 ♂♂; same collection data as for preceding; 7 Oct.���4 Nov. 2003; NMNS ENT 6658-27, 6658-38 ��� 1 ♂; Nantou Hsien, Tsuifeng; 2300 m a.s.l.; 8 Nov. 1981; S.C. Lin and W.S. Tang leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♀, 1 ♂; Nantou, Hsini, Patungkuan; 13���15 Jun. 1989; K.W. Huang; sweeping; NMNS ENT 460-463 (♂), 460- 466 (♀) ��� 1 ♂; Chiayi Hsien, Alishan; 2400 m a.s.l.; 5���9 Aug. 1981; L.Y. Chou and S.C. Lin leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Chiayi County, Alishan, Shishan race; 8 Mar. 2020; Y.H. Ho and P.Y. Shih leg.; PCHO ��� 1 ♂; Chiayi, Yu-shan West peak; 15 May 1991; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping and sucking; NMNS ENT 1127- 46 ��� 4 ♂♂; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (TM12), Tengchih; 22���30 Dec. 2008; C.-T. Yao leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Kaoshiang [Kaohsiung, mistyped] (MM2), Shihshan logging trail; 18���25 Feb. 2009; C.- T. Yao leg.; TARI ��� 1 ♂; Kaohsiung City, Taoyuan, Shishan logging trail; 8 Feb. 2020; C.T. Hsu leg.; beating; PCHO ��� 1 ♂; Pintung, Kuaiku Coffage; 21 May 1991; C.C. Chiang leg.; sweeping and sucking; NMNS ENT 1125-10 ��� 2 ♂♂; Taitung, Peinan, Panchiu Station; 16 Dec. 2004 ��� 17 Feb. 2005; C.S. Lin and W.T. Yang leg.; Malaise trap; NMNS ENT 5871-102, 5871-104. Description LENGTH. 1.83���2.02 mm. WIDTH. 0.86���0.91 mm. COLOUR. General body colour light brown, with head and pronotum dark brown. HEAD. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.20, strongly punctate, clypeus narrower than head, with some short setae. Eyes strongly developed, with more than 20 facets; temple narrower than eye, about half length of eye, hind angle with or without a sharp tooth. Antennae 11-segmented, 3 rd segment slightly longer than 4 th segment, 5 th to 8 th segment same in length, apical three segments clubbed. PRONOTUM. Slightly longer than wide, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.05, widest at anterior margin, narrowest at anterior third. Sides carinate; front angle strongly protruded and bluntly rounded, posterior one-third with a pair of round depressions. Surface irregularly and densely punctate, with a pair of carinae on disc. Sometimes covered with wax on lateral and ventral sides. ELYTRA. Broadly oval, width to length ratio 1.00: 1.40, broadest at middle, apex round. Depression on posterior third indistinct. With eight punctate striae, 1 st striae complete, 2 nd striae connected with 7 th striae at posterior end of elytra, 3 rd striae connected with 6 th striae, 4 th striae connected with 5 th striae, 8 th striae incomplete. 5 th interstriae not carinate, 7 th interstriae weakly carinate, only extended to anterior one-fifth, slightly protruded. Scutellum broadly pentagonal. METASTERNUM. Strongly convex, with fovea situated under mid coxa on each side and surrounded by radial striae. Sometimes covered with wax on meso- and metasternum. LEGS. Long and slender, covered with short setae on femora and tibiae. Male with one distinct tooth on each anterior end of protibia, mid tibia and hind tibia; anterior end of protibia expanded and curved, mid tibia and hind tibia straight. Female without any teeth on tibia. MALE GENITALIA. Aedeagus weakly chitinized, long and slender, sides parallel, weakly curved at middle, and straight at apex in lateral view. Genital segments long and slender, broadest at base, middle area less chitinized, apical end spear-shaped (Fig. 5). Distribution Central to southern Taiwan (Fig. 12). This species can be found in areas from low to high elevation (300���3518 m a.s.l.). Remarks From our records, S. yuanfengensis sp. nov. can be caught in Malaise traps in large numbers (ca 100 individuals at a time) at the type locality. Some of the specimens were collected by beating dry dead branches and damp leaves in an artificial red oak forest (~ 2300 m a.s.l.) (Fig. 10)., Published as part of R��cker, Wolfgang H. & Chan, Mei-Ling, 2021, On the genus Stephostethus LeConte, 1878 (Coleoptera: Latridiidae: Latridiinae) from Taiwan, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 1-14 in European Journal of Taxonomy 735 on pages 5-8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.735.1235, http://zenodo.org/record/4542084, {"references":["Rucker W. H. 2004. Stephostethus setosus sp. nov., eine neue Latridiidae aus China (Coleoptera: Latridiidae). Latridiidae 2: 6 - 9."]}

From the Peloponnesian War, the Napoleonic Wars, to the Cold War, multilateral alliances have been one of the strongest instruments to shape the international order. But they do not always form in response to common threat. Why did NATO form in the face of Soviet threat, but the Pacific Pact – which was meant to be an Asian NATO – failed to develop even after the Chinese Communist Party won the Chinese Civil War in 1949? Why did the Triple Entente emerge as a counterweight to Wilhelmine Germany, but the same countries that comprised the alliance engaged in buck-passing as Nazi Germany expanded? In essence, why do certain balancing alliances form and not others? This dissertation seeks to clarify the nature of the collective action problem in multilateral balancing alliance formation. I argue that alliance formation against a large threat entails solving a specific collective action problem. Security from balancing becomes a threshold public good, and this creates disincentives for less powerful states to initiate an alliance or to join one. To overcome this problem, a group of states requires an “anchor” – a state whose power matches that of the adversary – to facilitate alliance formation. The anchor assures states that are on the fence that achieving security from balancing would be viable. Moreover, the anchor ameliorates free-riding by adding elements of "club goods" to the potential alliance. To demonstrate my argument, I examine three periods of alliance formation: early-Cold War Western Europe, early-Cold War Southeast Asia, and contemporary Southeast Asia in the context of the South China Sea conflict. In all these cases, there existed a growing regional threat with clear offensive intent (the Soviet Union and China); the threat was adjacent to medium and small states; and the participation in balancing by an extra-regional great power (the US) was possible. I show how different US actions changed the way regional states perceived the viability of balancing, and how specific American policies altered the incentives for intra- and extra-alliance free-riding. Together, they contributed to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Understanding the dynamics of multilateral balancing alliance formation has important policy implications. Throughout the past decades, Chinese power has been growing exponentially and China's foreign policy assertiveness increased in tandem. But it is unclear if a regional balancing alliance will coalesce, as many of China’s neighbors choose accommodation or hedging as their strategies. This dissertation, which applies especially to great power politics in the modern era, will elucidate factors that facilitate the emergence of a multilateral balancing alliance, as well as conditions that could hinder its inception.

COVID-19 significantly affects all our normal life daily especially health care services, so it’s important to find and implement innovative approaches to help individuals at a high risk to resume normal life daily. The usage of digital technologies and social networking has grown rapidly over the last decades, and these technologies are increasingly being incorporated into health education. In this study, we discussed the importance of using the mHelath technology for schoolchildren with chronic disease during the COVID-19 era, and we have used Social Learning Theory and Technology Acceptance Model from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) as the theoretical framework for the present study. The previous study concluded the mobile device being studied is a reliable way of helping schoolchildren increase awareness their disease, but further research efforts should assess the impact of application usage on disease outcomes over a more extended follow-up period as compared to traditional care.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jic-10.1177_08850666211021561 for Mortality Trends of Oncology and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients Supported on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by R. R. Pravin, Benjamin Xiongzheng Huang, Rehena Sultana, Chuen Wen Tan, Ken Junyang Goh, Mei-Yoke Chan, Heng Joo Ng, Ghee Chee Phua, Jan Hau Lee and Judith Ju-Ming Wong in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine