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To investigate the nonlinear vibration behavior of bolted joined cylindrical-cylindrical shell, a macroslip model was considered into the radial connection at the interface between the shell segments. Based on Sanders’ shell theory and the connection condition, the vibration differential equation of the structure was established. The mono-harmonic method was used to linearize the connection model and incremental harmonic balance method was used to obtain the results of the dynamic response. First, to test the accuracy of the present method, the frequency analysis was done and the results were compared with those by ANSYS and a good agreement was shown. Then, the convergence of the method was discussed. And finally, the effects of the preload of bolts, excitation amplitude, frictional coefficient and connection stiffness on the forced response were studied. The soft nonlinearity of the response curves was easily obtained under some conditions. The results show the resonance frequency and amplitude are sensitive to the preload of bolts, excitation amplitude, frictional coefficient and connection stiffness. The results reveal the dynamic characteristics of bolted joined cylindrical-cylindrical shell and would be of signification for shell structure design and vibration control.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the coupling vibration characteristics of a flexible shaft-disk-blades system with mistuned features. There are some new phenomena due to the coupling effects of shaft-bending, shaft-torsion, disk-transverse and blade-bending. In this investigation, this paper mainly focuses on the influence of mistuned features of the blade's length and the stagger angle. It is found that there are four types of coupling modes: the coupling mode of shaft bending, disk transverse and blade bending (SDB), the coupling mode of shaft torsion disk transverse-blade bending (TDB), the coupling mode of disk transverse and blade bending (DB), the repeated mode of blade bending-blade bending (BB). With the effect of mistuned features, the natural frequencies and the coupling mode type will change correspondingly. With the mistuning value of blade length employed in this study, the TDB mode in the tuned system will disappear and shift into TSDB mode instead, and one of the repeated SDB modes will be replaced by STDB modes. Due to this mistuned features, the blades and disk experience a certain degree of vibration localization phenomenon. Different from the length feature, the influence of mistuning values of blade's stagger angle mainly take effect on the coupling modes. At last, by inspection on the Campbell diagrams, the influence of rotational speed on the transformation of natural frequencies is illustrated on the tuned/mistuned flexible shaft-disk-blades coupling structure.

UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs), as phase II detoxification enzymes, are widely distributed within living organisms and play vital roles in the biotransformation of endobiotics and xenobiotics in insects. Insects increase the expression of detoxification enzymes to cope with the stress of xenobiotics, including insecticides. However, the roles of UGTs in insecticide resistance are still seldom reported. In this study, two UGT inhibitors, namely, 5-nitrouracil and sulfinpyrazone, were found to synergistically increase the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population of Diaphorina citri. Based on transcriptome data, a total of 17 putative UGTs were identified. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that fourteen of the 17 UGT genes were overexpressed in the resistant population relative to the susceptible population. Using RNA interference technology to knockdown six UGT genes, the results suggested that silencing the selected UGT375A1, UGT383A1, UGT383B1, and UGT384A1 genes dramatically increased the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population. However, silencing the UGT362B1 and UGT379A1 genes did not result in a significant increase in the toxicity of imidacloprid in the resistant population. These findings revealed that some upregulated UGT genes were involved in imidacloprid resistance in D. citri. These results shed some light upon and further our understanding of the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects.

The prevalence of Lynch syndrome (LS) varies significantly in different populations, suggesting that ethnic features might play an important role. We enrolled 3330 consecutive Chinese patients who had surgical resection for newly diagnosed colorectal cancer. Universal screening for LS was implemented, including immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair (MMR) proteins, BRAFV600E mutation test and germline sequencing. Among the 3250 eligible patients, MMR protein deficiency (dMMR) was detected in 330 (10.2%) patients. Ninety-three patients (2.9%) were diagnosed with LS. Nine (9.7%) patients with LS fulfilled Amsterdam criteria II and 76 (81.7%) met the revised Bethesda guidelines. Only 15 (9.7%) patients with absence of MLH1 on IHC had BRAFV600E mutation. One third (33/99) of the MMR gene mutations have not been reported previously. The age of onset indicates risk of LS in patients with dMMR tumors. For patients older than 65 years, only 2 patients (5.7%) fulfilling revised Bethesda guidelines were diagnosed with LS. Selective sequencing of all cases with dMMR diagnosed at or below age 65 years and only of those dMMR cases older than 65 years who fulfill revised Bethesda guidelines results in 8.2% fewer cases requiring germline testing without missing any LS diagnoses. While the prevalence of LS in Chinese patients is similar to that of Western populations, the spectrum of constitutional mutations and frequency of BRAFV600E mutation is different. Patients older than 65 years who do not meet the revised Bethesda guidelines have a low risk of LS, suggesting germline sequencing might not be necessary in this population.

Background Cellulase is the one of the largest contributors to the high production costs of the lignocellulose-based biorefineries. As the most widely used cellulase producer, Trichoderma reesei has two weaknesses, deficiencies in β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase II. This work aimed at solving this problem by simultaneous enhancement of the beta–exo synergism and exo–exo synergism in T. reesei cellulase to increase the cellulose degrading capability, i.e. enhanced co-expression of the β-glucosidase gene the cellobiohydrolase II gene of T. reesei. Results Enhanced co-expression of the β-glucosidase gene and the cellobiohydrolase II gene in T. reesei using the strong promoter Pcbh1 was found successful in overcoming the two weaknesses. Filter paper activities of T. reesei cellulase were greatly elevated, which were 7.21 ± 0.45 (E7, Aabgl1 and Trcbh2) and 7.69 ± 0.42 (F6, Anbgl1 and Trcbh2) FPIU/mL. They were much higher than that of the parental strain Rut-C30, 2.45 ± 0.36 FPIU/mL. Enzymatic hydrolysis yields were also improved, from 67.22 ± 1.61% by Rut-C30 cellulase to 87.98 ± 0.65% by E7 cellulase and 86.50 ± 1.01% by F6 cellulase. The substrate loading for 1 g glucose release from SECS were decreased, from 2.9637 g SECS using Rut-C30 cellulase to 2.0291 g SECS using E7 cellulase and 2.0573 g SECS using F6 cellulase. As a result, the efficiency of the process from SECS to glucose was substantially improved. Conclusions Enhanced co-expression of the β-glucosidase gene and the cellobiohydrolase II gene in T. reesei using the strong promoter Pcbh1 in T. reesei was proven triumphal in the simultaneous enhancement of the beta–exo synergism and exo–exo synergism in T. reesei cellulase. This strategy also improved the cellulase production, enzymatic hydrolysis yield and the efficiency of the process from SECS to glucose in the context of on-site cellulase production. This work is a commendable attempt in the cellulase composition optimization at the transcriptional level.

Nd can be ionized to NdO+ about 5–10 fold more efficiently than to Nd+ by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). However, with the NdO+ method, Ce and Pr must be separated from Nd as completely as possible to reduce CeO+ and PrO+ isobaric interferences on NdO+ (e.g.141Pr18O+ on 143Nd16O+). With previously reported methods, it is difficult to achieve an efficient Pr–Nd separation although a perfect Sm–Nd separation can be achieved. In this study, a rapid, single column scheme for the separation of Nd and Sm from geological samples, based on TODGA resins (1 mL resin bed volume, 50–100 μm particle size), was developed. The total column separation time, including column cleaning steps, was about 8 h. With this method, not only Nd and Sm could be efficiently separated from the sample matrix, but also a perfect separation of Nd from Ce, Pr and Sm could be obtained. The recovery yield was greater than 90% for Nd and 95% for Sm. Furthermore, since only a single TODGA column separation step was involved, low procedural blanks (Sm < 5 pg; Nd < 10 pg) could be achieved. Therefore, the method is particularly useful for the separation of low levels of Nd from geological samples for isotope analysis as NdO+ by TIMS. Finally, several rock reference materials, including BCR-2, BHVO-2, BIR-1a and UB-N, with different column loads, were analyzed to verify the reliability of the chemical procedure, and the analytical results show good agreement with the recommended values for the 143Nd/144Nd isotopic ratios and Sm and Nd concentrations.

Prothioconazole, a chiral triazole fungicide, is widely used to control Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat. Fusarium graminearum (F. graminearum), as the main pathogen of FHB, can produce many secondary metabolites including deoxynivalenol (DON), which threatens the health of humans and animals. However, some fungicides may stimulate F. graminearum to synthesize more DON under certain conditions. Until now, the fungicidal activity and enantioselective effect of prothioconazole enantiomers on DON production, transcriptome and metabolome of F. graminearum were unclear. The fungicidal activity of R-(-)-prothioconazole against F. graminearum was 9.12-17.73 times higher than that of S-(+)-prothioconazole under all conditions. Prothioconazole enantiomers can induce F. graminearum to synthesize more DON under 0.99 water activity (a

Although deep learning-based hand gesture recognition techniques have achieved amazing performance in recent years, it is challenges as hand gesture is prone to interference, such as light changes and gesture shadows on gesture recognition. In this paper, we propose a recognition model based on ellipse skin color, and improved Deep Residual Learning network for gesture recognition. By utilizing the clustering effect of skin color in YCbCr color space, we segment CbCr two-dimensional space based on the elliptical skin color model to hand gesture. To further improve performance, the mathematical morphology with logic operation is proposed to assist hand gesture segmentation. Lastly, the Deep Residual Learning architecture is used to increase the width of the network and the channel attention mechanism. The experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain a high recognition rate compared with existing methods.

Flavonoids, which modulate plant resistance to various stresses, can be induced by high light. B-box (BBX) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis, but limited information is available on the association of BBX proteins with high light. We present a detailed overview of 45 Populus trichocarpa BBX TFs. Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression profiles were determined under 10 stress or phytohormone treatments to screen candidate BBX proteins associated with the flavonoid pathway. Sixteen candidate genes were identified, of which five were expressed predominantly in young leaves and roots, and BBX23 showed the most distinct response to high light. Overexpression of BBX23 in poplar activated expression of MYB TFs and structural genes in the flavonoid pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. CRISPR/Cas9-generated knockout of BBX23 resulted in the opposite trend. Furthermore, the phenotype induced by BBX23 overexpression was enhanced under exposure to high light. BBX23 was capable of binding directly to the promoters of proanthocyanidin- and anthocyanin-specific genes, and its interaction with HY5 enhanced activation activity. We identified novel regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis in poplar, thereby enhancing our general understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved.

Background The biomanufacturing of d-glucaric acid has attracted increasing interest because it is one of the top value-added chemicals produced from biomass. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regarded as an excellent host for d-glucaric acid production. Results The opi1 gene was knocked out because of its negative regulation on myo-inositol synthesis, which is the limiting step of d-glucaric acid production by S. cerevisiae. We then constructed the biosynthesis pathway of d-glucaric acid in S. cerevisiae INVSc1 opi1Δ and obtained two engineered strains, LGA-1 and LGA-C, producing record-breaking titers of d-glucaric acid: 9.53 ± 0.46 g/L and 11.21 ± 0.63 g/L d-glucaric acid from 30 g/L glucose and 10.8 g/L myo-inositol in fed-batch fermentation mode, respectively. However, LGA-1 was preferable because of its genetic stability and its superior performance in practical applications. There have been no reports on d-glucaric acid production from lignocellulose. Therefore, the biorefinery processes, including separated hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) and consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) were investigated and compared. CBP using an artificial microbial consortium composed of Trichoderma reesei (T. reesei) Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to have relatively high d-glucaric acid titers and yields after 7 d of fermentation, 0.54 ± 0.12 g/L d-glucaric acid from 15 g/L Avicel and 0.45 ± 0.06 g/L d-glucaric acid from 15 g/L steam-exploded corn stover (SECS), respectively. In an attempt to design the microbial consortium for more efficient CBP, the team consisting of T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to be the best, with excellent work distribution and collaboration. Conclusions Two engineered S. cerevisiae strains, LGA-1 and LGA-C, with high titers of d-glucaric acid were obtained. This indicated that S. cerevisiae INVSc1 is an excellent host for d-glucaric acid production. Lignocellulose is a preferable substrate over myo-inositol. SHF, SSF, and CBP were studied, and CBP using an artificial microbial consortium of T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 was found to be promising because of its relatively high titer and yield. T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1were proven to be the best teammates for CBP. Further work should be done to improve the efficiency of this microbial consortium for d-glucaric acid production from lignocellulose.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Postoperative locoregional recurrence (LRR) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is common. We aimed to explore the efficacy and toxicities of split-course hypo-fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy (HFRT-CHT) with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) technique in this subgroup of patients. MATERIALS/METHODS NSCLC patients were eligible if confirmed as LRR disease without distant metastasis after complete resection. HFRT-CHT using IMRT technique was administered with 51 Gy in 17 fractions or 40 Gy in 10 fractions as the first course followed by a 3-week break. Patients with no disease progression and no persistent ≥grade 2 toxicities had the second course of 15 Gy in 5 fractions or 28 Gy in 7 fractions as a boost. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). The secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR). RESULTS Fifty-eight patients were enrolled, and 49 patients (84.5%) completed the whole split-course HFRT-CHT protocol as scheduled. With a median follow-up of 23.9 months for all, the 2-year and 3-year PFS rate was 59.7% and 46.4%, the 2-year and 3-year OS rate was 72.5% and 52.2%, respectively. The ORR rate was 77.6% (45/58) after the first course of HFRT-CHT, and 95.9% (47/49) after the whole course protocol. Grade 3 acute pneumonitis and esophagitis occurred in 2 (3.4%) and 7 (12.1%) patients, and one case (1.7%) of fatal pneumonitis was reported. Grade ≥3 leucopenia, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 3 (5.2%), 2 (3.4%), 1 (1.7%) and 3 (5.2%) patients, respectively. Exploratory subgroup analysis showed that performance status (PS) (PS 0 vs. 1: 2-year PFS, 88.1% vs. 46.9%, P = 0.001; 2-year OS, 100% vs. 59.4%, P < 0.001), recurrence site (single vs. multiple: 2-year PFS, 93.8% vs. 47.4%, P = 0.008; 2-year OS, 100% vs. 63.0%, P = 0.001), and gross tumor volume (GTV) (< 50cm3 vs. ≥50cm3: 2-year PFS, 70.6% vs. 46.2%, P = 0.024; 2-year OS, 85.6% vs. 57.4%, P = 0.034) were significantly associated with PFS and OS. CONCLUSION Split-course HFRT-CHT with IMRT technique achieved promising disease control and satisfactory survival with moderate toxicities in postoperative LRR NSCLC patients. Good PS, a single recurrence site and GTV < 50cm3 tended to have prolonged PFS and OS. Early detection and diagnosis of LRR may improve the efficacy of this treatment regimen. Postoperative LRR deserved a second attempt of cure.

Purpose/Objective(s) To clarify the efficacy of FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) in inhibiting mammary tumorigenesis and normal tissue sparing. Materials/Methods We used a spontaneous mammary tumor model of MMTV-PyMT mice for the study. Prior to the formation of mammary tumor, MMTV-PyMT mice (3–6-week-old) were treated with a single fraction dose of 9-16 Gy FLASH-RT or conventional radiotherapy (CONV-RT) using a mice-applicator designed targeting five pair of mammary glands. Tumor growth was detected by thorough palpation of all 10 mammary glands twice a week. Liver function, HE however, IFN-g and IL-6 also significantly increased in FLASH compared with control, while IL-10 significantly decreased in CONV compared with control. Serum IL-6, IFN-g and TNF-a levels in FLASH did not markedly change on D6, D18 and D31 post-IR compared with control. Serum IL-6, IFN-g and TNF-a levels were elevated on D6 and continuously increased on D18 and D31 in CONV, but began to increase on D6, and then recovered to the control level on D18 or D31 in FLASH. Serum IL-10 levels decreased at D6, D18 and D31 in CONV, but began to decrease at D6, and then recovered to the control level at D18 or D31 in FLASH. FLASH induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation in the tumor tissue but not in normal tissue; while absence of ROS accumulation in either tumor or normal tissue under CONV. Notably, the ROS level of normal liver tissue did not differ under CONV or FLASH. Conclusion We found that mammary tumorigenesis was inhibited by FLASH without significant liver injury compared with CONV-RT. The alteration of serum and liver inflammatory cytokines induced by CONV-RT was mildly altered by FLASH. This unique benefit can by partially explained by the accumulatio of ROS in tumor tissue after FLASH.

Isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) is considered the "gold standard" for obtaining precise

Flexible sensors with wide sensing ranges require responsiveness under tiny and large strains. However, the development of strain sensors with wide detection ranges is still a great challenge due to the conflict between the tiny strain requirements of sparse conductive networks and the large strain requirement of dense conductive networks. Herein, we present a facile method for fabricating a gradient conductive network composed of sparse and dense conductive networks. The surface penetration technology in which carbon black (CB) penetrated from the natural rubber latex (NRL) glove surface to the interior was used to fabricate a gradient conductive network. The prolonged immersion time from 1 to 30 min caused the penetration depth of CB to increase from 2 to 80 μm. Moreover, CB formed hierarchical rough micro- and nanoscale structures, creating a superhydrophobic surface. The gradient conductive network of sensors produced an ultrawide detection range of strain (0.05-300%) and excellent reliability and reproducibility. The sensors can detect a wide range of human motions, from tiny (wrist pulse) to large (joint movements) motion monitoring. The flexible sensors attached to a flexible basement can be used to detect pressure in a wide detection range (1.7-2900 kPa). Pressure responsiveness was used to detect the weight, sound pressure, and dripping of tiny droplets. The sensor showed an excellent response to organic solvents, and the response intensity increased with the increasing swelling degree of the solvent for NRL.

Accurate prediction of tumour response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy enables personalised perioperative therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer. We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence radiopathomics integrated model to predict pathological complete response in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer using pretreatment MRI and haematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained biopsy slides.In this multicentre observational study, eligible participants who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery were recruited, with their pretreatment pelvic MRI (T2-weighted imaging, contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging) and whole slide images of HE-stained biopsy sections collected for annotation and feature extraction. The RAdioPathomics Integrated preDiction System (RAPIDS) was constructed by machine learning on the basis of three feature sets associated with pathological complete response: radiomics MRI features, pathomics nucleus features, and pathomics microenvironment features from a retrospective training cohort. The accuracy of RAPIDS for the prediction of pathological complete response in locally advanced rectal cancer was verified in two retrospective external validation cohorts and further validated in a multicentre, prospective observational study (ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04271657). Model performances were evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV).Between Sept 25, 2009, and Nov 3, 2017, 303 patients were retrospectively recruited in the training cohort, 480 in validation cohort 1, and 150 in validation cohort 2; 100 eligible patients were enrolled in the prospective study between Jan 10 and June 10, 2020. RAPIDS had favourable accuracy for the prediction of pathological complete response in the training cohort (AUC 0·868 [95% CI 0·825-0·912]), and in validation cohort 1 (0·860 [0·828-0·892]) and validation cohort 2 (0·872 [0·810-0·934]). In the prospective validation study, RAPIDS had an AUC of 0·812 (95% CI 0·717-0·907), sensitivity of 0·888 (0·728-0·999), specificity of 0·740 (0·593-0·886), NPV of 0·929 (0·862-0·995), and PPV of 0·512 (0·313-0·710). RAPIDS also significantly outperformed single-modality prediction models (AUC 0·630 [0·507-0·754] for the pathomics microenvironment model, 0·716 [0·580-0·852] for the radiomics MRI model, and 0·733 [0·620-0·845] for the pathomics nucleus model; all p0·0001).RAPIDS was able to predict pathological complete response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy based on pretreatment radiopathomics images with high accuracy and robustness and could therefore provide a novel tool to assist in individualised management of locally advanced rectal cancer.National Natural Science Foundation of China; Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In recent years, deoxynivalenol (DON) has frequently been detected in wheat grains and their products. The enantioselective impact of flutriafol on the growth and DON biosynthesis of

Background: No consensus in sequence selection for artificial intelligence model development has been achieved, we aimed to explore whether contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ceMRI) could be substituted in the identification and segmentation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with the aid of deep learning models in a large-scale cohort. Methods: A total of 4,478 eligible individuals were randomly split into training, validation and test sets. The diagnostic performance between NPC and benign hyperplasia and segmentation efficacy in NPC were compared among self-constrained 3D DenseNet models developed using axial T1-weighted imaging (T1WI), T2WI or enhanced T1WI (T1WIC) images separately. Findings: All developed models exhibited similar satisfactory diagnostic performance in discriminating NPC from benign hyperplasia, attaining over accuracy over 99.00% in all T stages of NPC. However, the T1WIC model yielded a significantly higher dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and lower average surface distance (ASD) than either the T1WI model or T2WI model in the test set of NPC cohort (DSC, 0.768±0.070 vs 0.759±0.065 and 0.755±0.071, p < 0.001; ASD, 1.573±0.954 mm vs 1.661±0.898 mm and 1.722±1.133 mm, p < 0.01).Interpretation: Unenhanced MRI could substitute ceMRI in discriminating NPC from benign hyperplasia but not in the segmentation for NPC with the aid of deep learning models and ceMRI remained the optimal sequence for developing segmentation models for NPC , indicating the feasibility of reducing the use of MR contrast in screening program. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 31900461, 81702873, 81872375, 81572665, 81802712]. Declaration of Interest: Nothing to disclose. Ethical Approval: The ethics committee of the authors’ institution approved the study protocol and patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.

Additional file 7: Fig. S7. (A) FPAs and CBAs during fermentation on 15 g/L Avicel by T. reesei Rut-C30 and the engineered T. reesei for myo-inositol production. (B) Concentrations of myo-inositol after 5 d of fermentation. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Additional file 9: Table S1. Plasmids and strains used in this study.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1. Results of liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis. (A) LC and (B) MS graphs of the fermentation broth of S. cerevisiae LGA-1 after 7 d of fed-batch fermentation in YPD medium supplemented with 10 g/L glucose and 10.8 g/L myo-inositol. (C) MS graph of the standard of d-glucaric acid

Additional file 4: Fig. S4. Time courses of CBPs of 15, 17.5 and 20 g/L Avicel or SECS for d-glucaric acid production by S. cerevisiae LGA-1. (A) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid and yields during CBP of Avicel. (B) FPAs during CBP of Avicel. (C) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid and yields during CBP of SECS. (D) FPAs during CBP of SECS. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Additional file 5: Fig. S5. Effects of the inoculum ratio of T. reesei Rut-C30 to S. cerevisiae LGA-1 on the CBPs of (A and B) 15 g/L Avicel and (C and D) SECS for d-glucaric acid production. (A) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid during CBP of Avicel. (B) FPAs during CBP of Avicel. (C) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid during CBP of SECS. (D) FPAs during CBP of SECS. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Additional file 6: Fig. S6. Effects of the delay time of S. cerevisiae LGA-1 inoculation on the CBPs of (A and B) 15 g/L Avicel and (C and D) SECS by the microbial consortium of T. reesei Rut-C30 and S. cerevisiae LGA-1 for d-glucaric acid production. (A) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid during CBP of Avicel. (B) FPAs during CBP of Avicel. (C) Concentrations of d-glucaric acid during CBP of SECS. (D) FPAs during CBP of SECS. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of (A) Avicel and (B) SECS at 36 °C from 12 to 168 h after enzymatic pre-hydrolysis at 50 °C for 12 h. LGA-1 and LGA-C are the engineered S. cerevisiae strains capable of producing d-glucaric acid. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of (A) Avicel and (B) steam-exploded corn stover (SECS) at 30 °C from 12 to 168 h after enzymatic pre-hydrolysis at 50 °C for 12 h. LGA-1 and LGA-C are the engineered S. cerevisiae strains capable of producing d-glucaric acid. The data shown here are average values of at least three biological replicates, and the error bars represent standard deviations.

Objectives We aimed to build a survival system by combining a highly-accurate machine learning (ML) model with explainable artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to predict distant metastasis in locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based tumor burden features. Materials and methods 1643 patients from three hospitals were enrolled according to set criteria. We employed ML to develop a survival model based on tumor burden signatures and all clinical factors. Shapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) was utilized to explain prediction results and interpret the complex non-linear relationship among features and distant metastasis. We also constructed other models based on routinely used cancer stages, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA, or other clinical features for comparison. Concordance index (C-index), receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis and decision curve analysis (DCA) were executed to assess the effectiveness of the models. Results Our proposed system consistently demonstrated promising performance across independent cohorts. The concordance indexes were 0.773, 0.766 and 0.760 in the training, internal validation and external validation sets. SHAP provided personalized protective and risk factors for each NPC patient and uncovered some novel non-linear relationships between features and distant metastasis. Furthermore, high-risk patients who received induction chemotherapy (ICT) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) had better 5-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) than those who only received CCRT, whereas ICT + CCRT and CCRT had similar DMFS in low-risk patients. Conclusions The interpretable machine learning system demonstrated superior performance in predicting metastasis in locoregionally advanced NPC. High-risk patients might benefit from ICT.

Heavy metals in food packaging materials have been indicated to release into the environment at slow rates. Heavy metal contamination, especially that of cadmium (Cd), is widely acknowledged as a global environment threat that leads to continuous growing pollution levels in the environment. Traditionally, the detection of the concentration of Cd relies on expensive precision instruments, such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). In this study, an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) based on a specific monoclonal antibody was proposed to rapidly detect Cd. The half-inhibitory concentration and detection sensitivity of the anti-cadmium monoclonal antibody of the ic-ELISA were 5.53 ng mL−1 and 0.35 ng mL−1, respectively. The anti-Cd monoclonal antibody possessed high specificity while diagnosising other heavy metal ions, including Al (III), Ca (II), Cu (II), Fe (III), Hg (II), Mg (II), Mn (II), Pb (II), Zn (II), Cr (III) and Ni (II). The average recovery rates of Cd ranged from 89.03–95.81% in the spiked samples of packing materials, with intra- and inter-board variation coefficients of 7.20% and 6.74%, respectively. The ic-ELISA for Cd detection was applied on 72 food packaging samples that consisted of three material categories—ceramic, glass and paper. Comparison of the detection results with ICP-AES verified the accuracy of the ic-ELISA. The correlation coefficient between the ic-ELISA and the ICP-AES methods was 0.9634, demonstrating that the proposed ic-ELISA approach could be a useful and effective tool for the rapid detection of Cd in food packaging materials.

For woody plants, clonal propagation efficiency is largely determined by adventitious root (AR) formation at the bases of stem cuttings. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms contributing to AR morphogenesis in trees remains limited, despite the importance of vegetative propagation, currently the most common practice for tree breeding and commercialization. Here, we identified Populus-specific miR476a as a regulator of wound-induced adventitious rooting that acts by orchestrating mitochondrial homeostasis. MiR476a exhibited inducible expression during AR formation and directly targeted several Restorer of Fertility like (RFL) genes encoding mitochondrion-localized pentatricopeptide repeat proteins. Genetic modification of miR476a-RFL expression revealed that miR476a/RFL-mediated dynamic regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis influences AR formation in poplar. Mitochondrial perturbation via exogenous application of a chemical inhibitor indicated that miR476a/RFL-directed AR formation depends on mitochondrial regulation that acts via auxin signaling. Our results thus establish a microRNA-directed mitochondrion-auxin signaling cascade required for AR development, providing insights into the role of mitochondrial regulation in the developmental plasticity of plants.

Improving pumping system efficiency in low production wells has been a big challenge for most of mature fields in China. These wells often cause high energy consumption and additional mechanical wear because of relatively high pumping speed and nonoptimalpower input for motor drive, even though operators respond it by simply turning down the stroke per minute (SPM) or adopting variable intermittent production scheme based on the well conditions. Therefore, for low production wells, it is important to produce more oil with lower energy input or operational cost. In recent years, researchers proposed a few high-efficiency intelligent control strategies used for these wells, but rarely could be effective and widely used in the field due to the lack of behavior improvement and adaptability. Based on the results from previous research, this paper provides a new solution on flexible variable frequency drive to address the aforementioned challenges.To obtain high system efficiency for low production well, firstly new solution, under a preset and fixed SPM, manage to change pumping speed within each cycle. This can be done utilizing the pumping net load data which is calculated by controller algorithm. Then, it will regulate the SPM based on the real time production data (mainly for fluid rate) which is automatically collected by a specialized wellhead flow meter. Since flow rate is the most effective and direct data to demonstrate reservoir capacity, it can guarantee an accurate and reasonable pump SPM. All adjustments above would be done through continuously regulating the motor electrical parameters, such as voltage and current, using converter and control algorithm built in the flexible controller. Real-time matching to the lifting load and well capacity can realize the best motor drive pattern and avoid the waste of energy. Tow set of process control makes up the new control strategy and fulfills a more ideal pumping operation.For different well capacity, new technology allows the pump frequency to be regulated from 0.5 SPM to 12 SPM under a stable running condition. Each stroke has an adjustable rate process to match inconstant net load. For those low production wells, relatively low and constant-changing pumping speed not only largely decrease producing energy needs, but also reduce rod-on-tubing wear. Thus, the test wells have improved system efficiency and prolonged mean time between failures (MTBF). This paper would describe the control principle of flexible variable frequency drive system in detail and demonstrate its application through two well cases.

Poly-ether-ether ketone (PEEK) is a great potential thermoplastic in industry and medical treatment and health. In this work, PEEK/graphene oxide (GO) and PEEK/MoS2 composites were prepared by a novel hot isostatic pressing method. The addition of GO alters the tribological behaviors mechanism, fatigue wear mechanism is predominant to PEEK/GO composites. However, the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear mechanisms is observed for PEEK/MoS2 composites and PEEK. The reason for this is that the hardness and tensile strength of composites are increased with the appropriate addition of GO. The response time to stable friction state of PEEK/GO and PEEK/MoS2 composites is reduced in comparison with PEEK, which is conducive to shorten running-in time, reduce the energy consumption, and improve the tribological performances of composites. The addition of GO and MoS2 can effectively decrease the friction coefficient and wear rate, and the optimal content of GO and MoS2 was 0.7 wt.% and 15 wt.%, respectively. The results indicate that PEEK/GO and PEEK/MoS2 are impressive composites that possess super tribological properties.

We aimed to develop a nomogram integrating MRI-based tumor burden features (MTBF), nodal necrosis, and some clinical factors to forecast the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of patients suffering from non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). A total of 1640 patients treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (Guangzhou, China) from 2011 to 2016 were enrolled, among which 1148 and 492 patients were randomized to a training cohort and an internal validation cohort, respectively. Additionally, 200 and 257 patients were enrolled in the Foshan and Dongguan validation cohorts, respectively, which served as independent external validation cohorts. The MTBF were developed from the stepwise regression of six multidimensional tumor burden variables, based on which we developed a nomogram also integrating nodal necrosis and clinical features. This model divided the patients into high- and low-risk groups by an optimal cutoff. Compared with those of patients in the low-risk group, the DMFS [hazard ratio (HR): 4.76, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.39–6.69; p < 0.0001], and progression-free survival (PFS; HR: 4.11, 95% CI: 3.13–5.39; p < 0.0001) of patients in the high-risk group were relatively poor. Furthermore, in the training cohort, the 3-year DMFS of high-risk patients who received induction chemotherapy (ICT) combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) was better than that of those who were treated with CCRT alone (p = 0.0340), whereas low-risk patients who received ICT + CCRT had a similar DMFS to those who only received CCRT. The outcomes we obtained were all verified in the three validation cohorts. The survival model can be used as a reliable prognostic tool for NPC patients and is helpful to determine patients who will benefit from ICT.

The current study aimed to explore mental health problems in patients diagnosed with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cluster sampling, cross-sectional survey with 6213 cancer patients was conducted in one of the largest cancer centers in China. The socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, psychosomatic conditions, interpersonal relationships and social support, COVID-19 infection-related psychological stress, and mental health status were measured. Medical conditions were extracted from patients’ electronic healthcare records. Among the 6213 cancer patients, 23.4% had depression, 17.7% had anxiety, 9.3% had PTSD, and 13.5% had hostility. Hierarchical liner regression models showed that having a history of mental disorder, excessive alcohol consumption, having a higher frequency of worrying about cancer management due to COVID-19, having a higher frequency feeling of overwhelming psychological pressure from COVID-19, and having a higher level of fatigue and pain were the predominant risk factors for mental health problems in cancer patients. However, there were only 1.6% of them were seeking psychological counseling during COVID-19. We also revealed the protective factors associated with lower risk of mental health problems among cancer patients. The present study revealed a high prevalence of mental health problems and gaps in mental health services for cancer patients, which also indicated high distress from COVID-19-elevated risks. We call for systematic screening of mental health status for all cancer patients, and developing specific psychological interventions for this vulnerable population.

To construct and evaluate a decision tree based on biomarkers for predicting severe acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical patients.A prospectively study was conducted. Critical patients who had been admitted to the department of critical care medicine of Xiaolan Hospital of Southern Medical University from January 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled. The clinical data of the patients were recorded, and the biomarkers, including serum cystatin C (sCys C) and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (uNAG) were established immediately after admission to intensive care unit (ICU), and the end points were recorded. The test cohort was established with patient data from January to December 2017. The decision tree classification and regression tree (CART) algorithm was used, and the best cut-off values of biomarkers were used as the decision node to construct a biomarker decision tree model for predicting severe AKI. The accuracy of the decision tree model was evaluated by the overall accuracy and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The validation cohort, established on patient data from January to June 2018, was used to further validate the accuracy and predictive ability of the decision tree.In test cohort, 263 patients were enrolled, of whom 57 developed severe AKI [defined as phase 2 and 3 of Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criterion]. Compared with patients without severe AKI, severe AKI patients were older [years old: 64 (49, 74) vs. 52 (41, 66)], acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score were higher [23 (19, 27) vs. 15 (11, 20)], the incidence of hypertension, diabetes and other basic diseases and sepsis were higher (64.9% vs. 40.3%, 28.1% vs. 10.7%, 63.2% vs. 29.6%), the levels of sCys C and uNAG were higher [sCys C (mg/L): 1.38 (1.12, 2.02) vs. 0.79 (0.67, 0.98), uNAG (U/mmol Cr): 5.91 (2.43, 10.68) vs. 2.72 (1.60, 3.90)], hospital mortality and 90-day mortality were higher (21.1% vs. 4.4%, 52.6% vs. 13.1%), the length of ICU stay was longer [days: 6.0 (4.0, 9.5) vs. 3.0 (1.0, 6.0)], and renal replacement therapy requirement was higher (22.8% vs. 1.9%), with statistically significant differences (all P0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that the areas under ROC curve (AUC) of sCys C and uNAG in predicting severe AKI were 0.857 [95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.809-0.897)] and 0.735 (95%CI was 0.678-0.788), and the best cut-off values were 1.05 mg/L and 5.39 U/mmol Cr, respectively. The structure of the biomarker decision tree model constructed by biomarkers were intuitive. The overall accuracy in predicting severe AKI was 86.0%, and AUC was 0.905 (95%CI was 0.863-0.937), the sensitivity was 0.912, and the specificity was 0.796. In validation cohort of 130 patients, this decision tree yielded an excellent AUC of 0.909 (95%CI was 0.846-0.952), the sensitivity was 0.906, and the specificity was 0.816, with an overall accuracy of 81.0%.The decision tree model based on biomarkers for predicting severe AKI in critical patients is highly accurate, intuitive and executable, which is helpful for clinical judgment and decision.

WRKY transcription factors (WRKY TFs) are one of the largest protein families in plants, and most of them play vital roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating related signaling pathways. In this study, we isolated two WRKY TF genes PtrWRKY18 and PtrWRKY35 from Populustrichocarpa and overexpressed them in Arabidopsis. Expression pattern analyses showed that PtrWRKY18 and PtrWRKY35 respond to salicylic acid (SA), methyl JA (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA), B. cinereal, and P. syringae treatment. The transgenic plants conferred higher B. cinerea tolerance than wild-type (WT) plants, and real-time quantitative (qRT)-PCR assays showed that PR3 and PDF1.2 had higher expression levels in transgenic plants, which was consistent with their tolerance to B. cinereal. The transgenic plants showed lower P. syringae tolerance than WT plants, and qRT-PCR analysis (PR1, PR2, and NPR1) also corresponded to this phenotype. Germination rate and root analysis showed that the transgenic plants are less sensitive to ABA, which leads to the reduced tolerance to osmotic stress and the increase of the death ratio and stomatal aperture. Compared with WT plants, a series of ABA-related genes (RD29A, ABO3, ABI4, ABI5, and DREB1A) were significantly down-regulated in PtrWRKY18 and PtrWRKY35 overexpression plants. All of these results demonstrated that the two WRKY TFs are multifunctional transcription factors in plant resistance.

Direct dating of petroleum systems by hydrocarbon or associated authigenic minerals is crucial for petroleum system analysis and hydrocarbon exploration. The precipitation of authigenic pyrite in petroliferous basins is commonly genetically associated with hydrocarbon generation, migration, accumulation, or destruction. Pyrite rubidium-strontium (Rb-Sr) isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS) is a well-developed technique, and its successful application for high-temperature ore systems suggests that this dating method has the potential to directly date key processes in the low-temperature petroleum systems. Rb-Sr data for pyrites in two Ordovician carbonate rock specimens collected from ~4952 m in the YD-2 well in the Yudong region, northern Tarim Basin (NW China), yield two identical isochron ages within analytical uncertainties: 206 &plusmn, 13 (2&sigma, ) and 224 &plusmn, 28 Ma (2&sigma, ). SEM investigations demonstrate that Rb and Sr atoms mainly reside in the crystal lattice of the pyrites due to the absence of fluid and mineral inclusions. The rigorous Rb-Sr isochron relations documented in the samples indicate that such residency can result in sufficient Rb/Sr fractionation and initial Sr isotopic homogenization for geochronology. In addition, the closure temperature (227&ndash, 320 &deg, C) for the Rb-Sr isotope system in pyrite is higher than the precipitation temperature for pyrite in petroleum-related environments (below 200 &deg, C), suggesting that the Rb-Sr age of pyrite was not overprinted by post-precipitation alteration. Integrating the lead-strontium-sulfur isotopes of the pyrites with burial history analysis, the ages are interpreted as the timing of alteration of the paleo-oil pool by a hydrothermally-triggered thermochemical sulfate reduction process. This study, for the first time, demonstrates that Rb-Sr pyrite geochronology, combined with radiogenic and stable isotopic analyses, can be a useful tool to evaluate the temporal evolution of oil pools. This approach bears great potential for dating of petroleum systems anywhere else in the world.

Objectives We aimed to develop a dual-task model to detect and segment nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) automatically in magnetic resource images (MRI) based on deep learning method, since the differential diagnosis of NPC and atypical benign hyperplasia was difficult and the radiotherapy target contouring of NPC was labor-intensive. Materials and methods A self-constrained 3D DenseNet (SC-DenseNet) architecture was improved using separated training and validation sets. A total of 4100 individuals were finally enrolled and split into the training, validation and test sets at a proximate ratio of 8:1:1 using simple randomization. The diagnostic metrics of the established model against experienced radiologists was compared in the test set. The dice similarity coefficient (DSC) of manual and model-defined tumor region was used to evaluate the efficacy of segmentation. Results Totally, 3142 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and 958 benign hyperplasia were included. The SC-DenseNet model showed encouraging performance in detecting NPC, attained a higher overall accuracy, sensitivity and specificity than those of the experienced radiologists (97.77% vs 95.87%, 99.68% vs 99.24% and 91.67% vs 85.21%, respectively). Moreover, the model also exhibited promising performance in automatic segmentation of tumor region in NPC, with an average DSC at 0.77 ± 0.07 in the test set. Conclusions The SC-DenseNet model showed competence in automatic detection and segmentation of NPC in MRI, indicating the promising application value as an assistant tool in clinical practice, especially in screening project.

In this work, a continuum model is proposed to simulate and interpret the coupling vibration characteristics of a rotating disk-beam system with the dovetail interfaces. The dovetail interface feature is represented by a macroslip dry friction model. The present study also derives a new mode function to simulate the vibration of a rotating beam with loosely assembled dovetail attachment. The new proposed mode function is validated by comparing the natural characteristics and vibration response with those obtained from a finite element (FE) model. At last, based on the nonlinear response results obtained by the Newmark-β method, the effects of different parameters on the nonlinear dynamics of the coupling system are discussed. The following interesting phenomena have been revealed: the flexible disk can impose different influences on the response characteristics of the rotating beam. The effects of dry friction on the beam’s energy dissipation are significant, especially at a low rotational speed. Further analysis yields that the excitation level and friction coefficient also exhibit a significant impact on the damping effect of dry friction. Consequently, it should be noted that the optimal values of the contact surface’s parameters allow achieving a better damping effect in the engineering practice.

The nickel isotope has a great potential for investigating biogeochemical processes in the geosciences and has been proven to be extremely useful for studying the chronology of the early solar system. As one of the most powerful techniques in metal isotopic ratio measurements, thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) shows poor sensitivity for Ni isotope ratio analysis, because the high ionization potential (7.640eV) of Ni makes it difficult to be ionized on a hot filament. In previous studies, a minimum of 1000 ng Ni was required using the classical Sigel-H3BO3-Al emitter or the Sigel-H3PO4-Al emitter. The present study is first to employ a highly sensitive zirconium hydrogen phosphate (Zr(HPO4)2) emitter to measure the Ni isotopes with TIMS. This emitter produces a significant enhancement in the ionization efficiency of Ni and enables the analysis of the Ni isotope at the 200 ng level with high precision. In addition, this newly developed emitter shows a strong inhibition to the Fe and Zn signals, which are the main potential isobaric interferences during Ni measurement. A series of analyses of the NIST SRM 986 standard demonstrated that an internal precision (2 RSE) of ± 0.03 to 0.05 ‰ can be achieved depending on the sample size. Analysis of the NIST SRM 986 standard also shows an external reproducibility (2 RSD, n = 10) of better than ± 0.11‰, even for Ni at 200 ng.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Gene-specific primers used for PCR amplification. Table S2. Information of related genes. Ptr: P. trichocarpa, At: A. thaliana, Sof: Saccharum officinarum, Bd: Brachypodium distachyon. Table S3. Cell wall composition (% biomass) of raw material. All data are given as means ± SD (n = 3, technical replicates). Statistical analyses were performed using Student’s t test as **P

Stereoscopic imaging is widely used in many fields. To guarantee the best quality of experience, it’s necessary to design a robust and accurate quality assessment model for stereoscopic content. In this paper, we proposed a no-reference stereoscopic image quality assessment (NR-SIQA) model using both complex contourlet and spatial domain features of monocular and binocular images. Monocular features extracted from the CIELAB color space are exploited to characterize quality degradation, including the across-scale and across-orientation correlation in complex contourlet domain and natural scene statistics-based (NSS) features in spatial domain. Then, the binocular features consist of energy along with energy difference and structural correlation in complex contourlet domain, and statistics distribution in spatial domain extracted from the synthesized cyclopean image and the 3D visual discomfort measure based on the statistics of disparity map. Finally, the above features are mapped into the predicted quality scores by the Kernel ELM (KELM) regression model. Experimental results on four public datasets show that the proposed model is highly consistent with human subjective perception in terms of accuracy and generalization.

For insects, odorant-binding proteins (OBPs) play an essential role in binding and transporting semiochemicals through the sensillum lymph to olfactory receptor neurons within the antennal sensilla. In the present study, the full-length cDNA encoding a general odorant-binding protein 1 (DcitOBP1, accession number KY475564) was cloned from the antennae of Diaphorina citri using RACE-PCR, and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that the DcitOBP1 gene was expressed mainly in the antennae of D. citri. In molecular docking assay, the results showed that DcitOBP1 protein has better binding affinities to the 12 selected host-plant volatile compounds. Then, the recombinant DcitOBP1 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli. After removed His-Tag, the binding properties of purified DcitOBP1 protein to the selected host-plant volatile compounds were investigated in a fluorescence ligand-binding assay, similar, but more obviously binding properties of DcitOBP1 protein result were obtained, the dissociation constant (KD) value of DcitOBP1/1-NPN complex was 6.440 ± 0.521, and the DcitOBP1 protein showed high binding affinities (IC50 < 100 μM) to six of the selected ligands, namely methyl salicylate, α-phellandrene, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, 3-carene, β-caryophyllene, and α-caryophyllene. Additionally, the behavior bioassays were also showed that D. citri had significant behavioral responses toward to α-caryophyllene, β-caryophyllene, (1R)-(+)-α-pinene, and α-phellandrene. Our investigation infer that the DcitOBP1 protein might play a crucial role in host-plant volatile odorants' perception in D. citri, and these results also have been supplied previous insight evidence into the physiological functions of the DcitOBP1 protein of D. citri.

The geometrically nonlinear forced vibration response of non-continuous elastic-supported laminated composite thin cylindrical shells is investigated in this paper. Two kinds of non-continuous elastic supports are simulated by using artificial springs, which are point and arc constraints, respectively. By using a set of Chebyshev polynomials as the admissible displacement function, the nonlinear differential equation of motion of the shell subjected to periodic radial point loading is obtained through the Lagrange equations, in which the geometric nonlinearity is considered by using Donnell’s nonlinear shell theory. Then, these equations are solved by using the numerical method to obtain nonlinear amplitude–frequency response curves. The numerical results illustrate the effects of spring stiffness and constraint range on the nonlinear forced vibration of points-supported and arcs-supported laminated composite cylindrical shells. The results reveal that the geometric nonlinearity of the shell can be changed by adjusting the values of support stiffness and distribution areas of support, and the values of circumferential and radial stiffness have a more significant influence on amplitude–frequency response than the axial and torsional stiffness.