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Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) maps cerebral activation in response to stimuli but this activation is often difficult to detect, especially in low‐signal contexts and single‐subject studies. Accurate activation detection can be guided by the fact that very few voxels are, in reality, truly activated and that these voxels are spatially localized, but it is challenging to incorporate both these facts. We address these twin challenges to single‐subject and low‐signal fMRI by developing a computationally feasible and methodologically sound model‐based approach, implemented in the R package MixfMRI, that bounds the a priori expected proportion of activated voxels while also incorporating spatial context. An added benefit of our methodology is the ability to distinguish voxels and regions having different intensities of activation. Our suggested approach is evaluated in realistic two‐ and three‐dimensional simulation experiments as well as on multiple real‐world datasets. Finally, the value of our suggested approach in low‐signal and single‐subject fMRI studies is illustrated on a sports imagination experiment that is often used to detect awareness and improve treatment in patients in persistent vegetative state (PVS). Our ability to reliably distinguish activation in this experiment potentially opens the door to the adoption of fMRI as a clinical tool for the improved treatment and therapy of PVS survivors and other patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A gyratory crusher is a key mineral processing asset in a comminution circuit. Monitoring and predicting the crusher liner wear is essential to ensure the throughput and product quality are maintained during production. This study developed a digital sensor and a discrete element modelling (DEM)-coupled methodology to monitor and reconstruct the gyratory crusher concave liner wear pattern. The developed digital sensor was able to track and report the live thickness of the specific installation point on a concave liner during operation. A wear reconstruction model was then developed based on the wear intensity obtained using the DEM and digital sensor results. The wear reconstruction model predictive results were subsequently compared with site measurements after 95 days of operation. The results indicated that the wear reconstruction model showed good agreement with measured results in terms of wear zone distribution as well as quantitative wear rate prediction. The outcome of this study can be potentially utilised in the mineral processing industry for plant monitoring and automation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral perovskite materials are being extensively studied as one of the most promising candidates for circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)-related applications. Balancing chirality and photoluminescence (PL) properties is of great importance for enhancing the value of the dissymmetry factor (glum), and a higher glum value indicates better CPL. Chiral perovskite/quantum dot (QD) composites emerge as an effective strategy for overcoming the dilemma that achieving strong chirality and PL in chiral perovskite while at the same time achieving high glum in this composite is very crucial. Here, we choose diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) as an additive in the precursor solution of chiral perovskite to regulate the lattice distortion. How structural variation affects the chiral optoelectronic properties of the chiral perovskite has been further investigated. We find that chiral perovskite/CdSe–ZnS QD composites with strong CPL have been achieved, and the calculated maximum |glum| of the composites increased over one order of magnitude after solvent-additive modulation (1.55 × 10−3 for R-DMF/QDs, 1.58 × 10−2 for R-NMP-DPSO/QDs, −2.63 × 10−3 for S-DMF/QDs, and −2.65 × 10−2 for S-NMP-DPSO/QDs), even at room temperature. Our findings suggest that solvent-additive modulation can effectively regulate the lattice distortion of chiral perovskite, enhancing the value of glum for chiral perovskite/CdSe–ZnS QD composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five novel 'all-in-one' (AIO) structured cuprous iodide coordination materials 1–5 are presented. With the introduction of planar aromatic groups on the ligand, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), targeted at eliminating stronger π–π interactions through the twisted nature of the latter species, the complexes displayed good stability, solubility, and high quantum yields of emissions ranging from 70.3–95.3%. Further systematic studies were performed on the relationship between their luminescence and modification of the ligands with halogen atoms. This work provides a reasonable idea for designing luminescent cuprous iodide materials with high quantum yields of emission for use in solid-state lighting in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of Co(II) salt and N,N′-di(4-pyridyl)sebacoamide (L1), N,N′-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)bicyclo(2,2,2,)oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic diamide (L2) or N,N′-di(4-pyridyl)adipoamide (L3) with angular dicarboxylate ligands afforded coordination polymers (CPs) {[Co(L1)(OBA)(H2O)]·0.5H2O}n [H2OBA = 4,4′-oxybis(benzoic acid)], 1a, {[Co2(L1)(OBA)2]·3DMF}n, 1b, {[Co(L1)0.5(SDA)]·2H2O}n (H2SDA = 4,4′-sulfonyldibenzoic acid), 2a, {[Co2(L1)2(SDA)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n, 2b, {[Co(L1)0.5(MBA)]·H2O}n (H2MBA = diphenylmethane-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid), 3, {[Co(L2)(OBA)]·solvent}n, 4, {[Co(L2)(SDA)(H2O)]·solvent}n, 5, {[Co(L2)(MBA)(H2O)]·2H2O}n, 6, [Co(L2)(HFIPBB)(H2O)]n [H2HFIPBB = 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-bis(benzoic acid)], 7, and {[Co(L3)(MBA)]·2H2O}n, 8. CPs 1a, 1b, 2a and 2b exhibit a 2D layer with an (84·122)(8)-22,4L2 topology, a 3-fold interpenetrated 3D net with a (412·63)-pcu topology, a 2D → 3D inclinedly polycatenated framework with a (42·68·8·104)(4)2-2,6L1 topology and a 2-fold interpenetrated 3D framework with a (48·67)-msw topology, respectively, and 3 displays a 2-fold interpenetrated 2D layer with a (42·68·8·104)(4)2-2,6L1 topology. CPs 4–6 are 2D layers, showing (64·8·10)(6)-2,4L3, (36·46·53)-hxl and (4·82)-fes topologies, respectively, whereas CP 7 displays a 3-fold interpenetrated 3D net with a (45·8)-dmp topology and 8 forms a 1D → 2D polycatenation with a (63·82·10)(6)2-2,2,4C5 topology. A structural comparison of 1–8 indicates that the flexibility of the bis-pyridyl-bis-amide plays an important role in the formation of entangled Co(II) CPs auxiliarily supported by the angular dicarboxylate ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classical filtration equations incorporate microscopic parameters, which pose challenges when applied in industrial settings. Previous extensive research has established the impact of filter cake thickness and variations in filtration pressure on the filtration rate. Moreover, the thickness of the filter cake is influenced by various factors, such as the filtration chamber’s design dimensions and the coal slurry’s properties. Thus, by expressing the properties of the coal slurry at a macroscopic level, it becomes possible to achieve a macroscopic representation of the filtration rate. This study presents the derivation of a macroscopic filtration equation that relies on the viscosity of the filtrate. The derivation process is mainly based on Darcy’s law, analyzing the relationship between the permeability of each layer and the permeability of cake under constant pressure and explaining and analyzing the method of determining the equation parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine specific resting-state network patterns underlying alterations in chronic migraine, we employed oscillatory connectivity and machine learning techniques to distinguish patients with chronic migraine from healthy controls and patients with other pain disorders. This cross-sectional study included 350 participants (70 healthy controls, 100 patients with chronic migraine, 40 patients with chronic migraine with comorbid fibromyalgia, 35 patients with fibromyalgia, 30 patients with chronic tension-type headache, and 75 patients with episodic migraine). We collected resting-state magnetoencephalographic data for analysis. Source-based oscillatory connectivity within each network, including the pain-related network, default mode network, sensorimotor network, visual network, and insula to default mode network, was examined to determine intrinsic connectivity across a frequency range of 1–40 Hz. Features were extracted to establish and validate classification models constructed using machine learning algorithms. The findings indicated that oscillatory connectivity revealed brain network abnormalities in patients with chronic migraine compared with healthy controls, and that oscillatory connectivity exhibited distinct patterns between various pain disorders. After the incorporation of network features, the best classification model demonstrated excellent performance in distinguishing patients with chronic migraine from healthy controls, achieving high accuracy on both training and testing datasets (accuracy > 92.6% and area under the curve > 0.93). Moreover, in validation tests, classification models exhibited high accuracy in discriminating patients with chronic migraine from all other groups of patients (accuracy > 75.7% and area under the curve > 0.8). In conclusion, oscillatory synchrony within the pain-related network and default mode network corresponded to altered neurophysiological processes in patients with chronic migraine. Thus, these networks can serve as pivotal signatures in the model for identifying patients with chronic migraine, providing reliable and generalisable results. This approach may facilitate the objective and individualised diagnosis of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel 2‐D beam steering technology using a Fabry–Pérot antenna with a liquid‐based reconfigurable metasurface is presented. The antenna employs a reconfigurable partially reflecting surface to regulate phase distribution and adopts a microstrip antenna as feed to realise 2‐D beam steering. The antenna beam can be tilted in four different directions by injecting liquid metal into the specific area of the microfluidic channels embedded in the metasurface. Moreover, the antenna has a simple and compact structure with a low profile. A prototype is manufactured, and good agreement between simulated and experimental results verifies the correctness of the design. The measured results of the manufactured antenna prototype demonstrate that the main beam tilts to maximum values of ±15° and ±28° in the yoz and xoz planes, respectively, between 9.5 and 9.7 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute-on-chronic-liver failure (ACLF) demonstrates high short-term mortality rates and usually requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Accurate prognostication of these patients is pivotal for timely referral for liver transplantation. The superiority of CLIF-C ACLF, CLIF-C ACLF lactate, and NACSELD-ACLF scores in Asian patients with ACLF admitted to an ICU remains inconclusive. Aims: To compare the predictive performance of CLIF-C ACLF, CLIF-C ACLF lactate, and NACSELD-ACLF scores for one-month mortality. Methods: 276 consecutive cirrhotic patients with ACLF admitted to ICU were enrolled. The prognostic values for one-month mortality were assessed by AUROC analysis. Results: The primary cause of cirrhosis in this cohort was alcohol abuse (56.5%). AUROC analysis (95% confidence intervals) demonstrated that CLIF-C ACLF lactate [0.802 (0.747–0.856)] outperformed both CLIF-C ACLF [0.791 (0.733–0.848)] and NACSELD-ACLF [0.673 (0.606–0.740)] in predicting one-month mortality. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the predictive abilities of CLIF-C ACLF and CLIF-C ACLF lactate. Conclusions: In critically ill cirrhotic patients with ACLF admitted to the hepatology ICU, CLIF ACLF-lactate outperformed CLIF-C ACLF and NACSELD-ACLF in predicting one-month mortality. Nevertheless, no statistically significant difference was observed between CLIF-C ACLF and CLIF-C ACLF lactate. Larger-scale multi-center prospective studies are warranted to validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N, F-enriched inorganic/organic composite solid electrolyte interphases (SEI) were constructed to stabilize lithium metal anodes by the in-situ formation of LiF and Li 3 N components as well as organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer serves as a flexible buffer. [Display omitted] The practical application of lithium metal batteries is considered to be one of the most promising successors for lithium-ion batteries due to their ability to meet the high-energy storage demands of modern society. However, their application is still hindered by the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrollable dendrite growth. In this study, we propose a robust composite SEI (C-SEI) that consists of a fluorine doped boron nitride (F-BN) inner layer and an organic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) outer layer. Both theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the F-BN inner layer induces the formation of favourable components (LiF and Li 3 N) at the interface, promoting rapid ionic transport and inhibiting electrolyte decomposition. The PVA outer layer acts as a flexible buffer in the C-SEI, ensuring the structural integrity of the inorganic inner layer during lithium plating and stripping. The C-SEI modified lithium anode shows a dendrite-free performance and stable cycle over 1200 h, with an ultralow overpotential (15 mV) at 1 mA cm−2 in this study. This novel approach also enhances the stability of capacity retention rate by 62.3% after 100 cycles even in anode-free full cells (C-SEI@Cu||LFP). Our findings suggest a feasible strategy for addressing the instability inherent in SEI, showing great prospects for the practical application of lithium metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GPS-based maneuvering target localization and tracking is a crucial aspect of autonomous driving and is widely used in navigation, transportation, autonomous vehicles, and other fields.The classical tracking approach employs a Kalman filter with precise system parameters to estimate the state. However, it is difficult to model their uncertainty because of the complex motion of maneuvering targets and the unknown sensor characteristics. Furthermore, GPS data often involve unknown color noise, making it challenging to obtain accurate system parameters, which can degrade the performance of the classical methods. To address these issues, we present a state estimation method based on the Kalman filter that does not require predefined parameters but instead uses attention learning. We use a transformer encoder with a long short-term memory (LSTM) network to extract dynamic characteristics, and estimate the system model parameters online using the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm, based on the output of the attention learning module. Finally, the Kalman filter computes the dynamic state estimates using the parameters of the learned system, dynamics, and measurement characteristics. Based on GPS simulation data and the Geolife Beijing vehicle GPS trajectory dataset, the experimental results demonstrated that our method outperformed classical and pure model-free network estimation approaches in estimation accuracy, providing an effective solution for practical maneuvering-target tracking applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key challenges in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing of metals is the appearance of microscopic pores in 3D-printed metallic structures. Quality control in LPBF can be accomplished with non-destructive imaging of the actual 3D-printed structures. Thermal tomography (TT) is a promising non-contact, non-destructive imaging method, which allows for the visualization of subsurface defects in arbitrary-sized metallic structures. However, because imaging is based on heat diffusion, TT images suffer from blurring, which increases with depth. We have been investigating the enhancement of TT imaging capability using machine learning. In this work, we introduce a novel multi-task learning (MTL) approach, which simultaneously performs the classification of synthetic TT images, and segmentation of experimental scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Synthetic TT images are obtained from computer simulations of metallic structures with subsurface elliptical-shaped defects, while experimental SEM images are obtained from imaging of LPBF-printed stainless-steel coupons. MTL network is implemented as a shared U-net encoder between the classification and the segmentation tasks. Results of this study show that the MTL network performs better in both the classification of synthetic TT images and the segmentation of SEM images tasks, as compared to the conventional approach when the individual tasks are performed independently of each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thoracoscopic lobectomy is a common surgical procedure for the treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of surgical techniques and medical devices, complications after thoracoscopic lobectomy are less and less, and cardiac tamponade is even rarer. This case is a 62-year-old woman who underwent thoracoscopic left upper lobectomy for a left upper lobe nodule. The patient developed acute cardiac tamponade on postoperative day 2, and symptoms resolved after pericardiocentesis. However, 20 h later, the patient underwent emergency surgery for re-developed acute cardiac tamponade, which was found to be a coronary tear. A review of the literature suggested that cardiac tamponade is more common in left lung surgery than right lung surgery. Pericardiocentesis can resolve initial acute cardiac tamponade, but pericardiotomy may be urgently needed after recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME), yet in situ engineering of TAMs for enhanced tumor immunotherapy remains a significant challenge in translational immuno‐oncology. Here, we report an innovative nanodrug‐delivering‐drug (STNSP@ELE) strategy that leverages two‐dimensional (2D) stanene‐based nanosheets (STNSP) and β‐Elemene (ELE), a small‐molecule anticancer drug, to overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression and improve chemo‐immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate that both STNSP and ELE are capable of polarizing the tumor‐supportive M2‐like TAMs into a tumor‐suppressive M1‐like phenotype, which acts with the ELE chemotherapeutic to boost antitumor responses. In vivo mouse studies demonstrate that STNSP@ELE treatment can reprogram the immunosuppressive TME by significantly increasing the intratumoral ratio of M1/M2‐like TAMs, enhancing the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells, and elevating the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines in B16F10 melanomas, thereby promoting a robust antitumor response. Our study not only demonstrates that the STNSP@ELE chemo‐immunotherapeutic nanoplatform has immune‐modulatory capabilities that can overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, but also highlights the promise of this nanodrug‐delivering‐drug strategy in developing other nano‐immunotherapeutics and treating various types of immunosuppressive tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play a critical role in the immunosuppressive solid tumor microenvironment (TME), yet in situ engineering of TAMs for enhanced tumor immunotherapy remains a significant challenge in translational immuno‐oncology. Here, we report an innovative nanodrug‐delivering‐drug (STNSP@ELE) strategy that leverages two‐dimensional (2D) stanene‐based nanosheets (STNSP) and β‐Elemene (ELE), a small‐molecule anticancer drug, to overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression and improve chemo‐immunotherapy. Our results demonstrate that both STNSP and ELE are capable of polarizing the tumor‐supportive M2‐like TAMs into a tumor‐suppressive M1‐like phenotype, which acts with the ELE chemotherapeutic to boost antitumor responses. In vivo mouse studies demonstrate that STNSP@ELE treatment can reprogram the immunosuppressive TME by significantly increasing the intratumoral ratio of M1/M2‐like TAMs, enhancing the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and mature dendritic cells, and elevating the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines in B16F10 melanomas, thereby promoting a robust antitumor response. Our study not only demonstrates that the STNSP@ELE chemo‐immunotherapeutic nanoplatform has immune‐modulatory capabilities that can overcome TAM‐mediated immunosuppression in solid tumors, but also highlights the promise of this nanodrug‐delivering‐drug strategy in developing other nano‐immunotherapeutics and treating various types of immunosuppressive tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel structure combining the application of control rods and forced rotation on a cylinder is proposed based on the cylindrical vibration suppression, and the combined structure is numerically simulated at a low Reynolds number of 200, an attack angle of 0 ° – 105 ° , and a rotation rate of 0 − 1. The vortex-induced vibration responses, fluid forces, and cylindrical wake evolution are analyzed, and the VIV suppression is compared and discussed. The results show that the merging of the vortex layers on the cylinder and control rods promotes cylindrical vortex shedding, causing a high amplitude cylinder response. The cylinder vibrates at a low amplitude for no vortex layer merging. Rotation causes increased directional sensitivity of the control rod to cylindrical amplitude suppression. A 98%-cylinder amplitude suppression can be achieved by combining the control rod and rotation, while only 60% can be achieved by the control rods or rotation alone, indicating that the combined structure is highly effective for amplitude suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual colonoscopy plays an important role in polyp detection of colorectal cancer. Noise in the colon data acquisition process can result in topological errors during surface reconstruction. Topological denoising can be employed to remove these errors on surfaces for subsequent geometry processing, such as surface simplification and parameterization. Many methods have been proposed for this task. However, many existing methods suffer from failure in computation of all the non-trivial loops, due to high genus or complex topological structures. In this paper, we propose a novel robust topological denoising method for surfaces based on homotopy theory. The proposed method was evaluated on two datasets of colon meshes. We compared our method with the State-of-the-Art persistent-homology-based method. Our method can successfully compute the loops on all colon data for topological denoising, whereas the persistent homology method fails on some colon data. Moreover, our method detects all loops with shorter lengths than those detected by the persistent homology method. Our experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and robust in topological denoising, and that it has the potential for practical application to virtual colonoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Basilar invagination (BI) is a common disease in the craniocervical junction (CVJ) area. Posterior fossa decompression with/without fixation is a controversial surgical strategy for BI type B. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of simple posterior fossa decompression in treating BI type B. Methods: This study retrospectively enrolled BI type B patients who underwent simple posterior fossa decompression at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University between 2014.12 and 2021.12. Patient data and images were recorded pre- and postoperatively (at the last follow-up) to evaluate the surgical outcomes and craniocervical stability. Results: A total of 18 BI type B patients (13 females), with a mean age of 44.2±7.9 years (range 37–62 years), were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 47.7±20.6 months (range 10–81 months). All patients received simple posterior fossa decompression without any fixation. At the last follow-up, compared with preoperation, the JOA scores were significantly higher (14.2±1.5 vs. 9.9±2.0, p = 0.001); the CCA was improved (128.7±9.6° vs. 121.5±8.1° p = 0.001), and the DOCL was reduced (7.9±1.5 mm vs. 9.9±2.5 mm, p = 0.001). However, the follow-up and preoperative ADI, BAI, PR, and D/L ratio were similar. No patients had an unstable condition between the C1-2 facet joints that was observed in the follow-up CT and dynamic X-ray. Conclusions: In BI type B patients, simple posterior fossa decompression could improve neurological function and will not induce CVJ instability in BI type B patients. Simple posterior fossa decompression could be a satisfactory surgical strategy for BI type B patients, but preoperative CVJ stability assessment is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Insects often face both conditions with sufficient nutrients and conditions of undernutrition in the field. Through gustatory receptors, insects sense nutrients and regulate their physiological functions such as feeding and reproduction. However, it remains unclear whether signaling pathways activated by gustatory receptors depend on the concentration of nutrients and whether the difference in signaling pathways directly affects insects' physiological functions. Herein, we found that a sugar gustatory receptor, NlGr11, from the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens, activated G protein‐coupled signaling and ionotropic pathways when bound to high galactose concentration. BPHs subsequently demonstrated longer feeding times, feeding loads, and higher vitellogenin (NlVg) expression than BPHs exposed to high galactose concentrations, which only activated the ionotropic pathway. For the first time, our findings link plant nutrient conditions, signaling pathways activated by nutrients, and their gustatory receptors, and nutrient dose‐dependent feeding efficacy and vitellogenin (Vg) expression in an insect. This will help us to better understand the molecular mechanism for insect feeding strategies on plants at different stages of nutritional conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the electrochemical performance of an asymmetric supercapacitor with a porous carbon electrode exhibiting a linear or stepwise change structure, along with a non-aqueous electrolyte, during the charging/discharging process, in which Butler–Volmer equations together with Frumkin isothermal relations are employed in a one-dimensional model to describe the deposition/dissolution reactions of lithium metal in a lithium electrode and adsorption/desorption in a porous carbon electrode. The effects of porosity distribution (i.e., linear, stepwise, and constant porosity) and the thickness ratios between two layers with different porosities in stepwise distribution on the cell voltage, electrode potential, and surface coverage or adsorption filling in the supercapacitor are analyzed. Higher cell voltage and electrode potential and larger surface coverage occur in the mode with a linearly increasing porosity of ε = 0.84 to 0.89 in the carbon electrode (i.e., 4.78 V cell voltage, 4.15 V electrode potential, and adsorption filling of 0.514 at current of 2.1 mA/cm2), which decrease with current increasing from 2.1 to 5.25 mA/cm2. The change in porosity amplitude relates to the matching between the current and electrolyte supply, as well as electrolyte conductivity and specific surface area in the electrode. Additionally, the cell voltage and electrode potential can be adjusted by varying the thickness ratio in the porous electrode in stepwise fashion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melting behavior of subducted ophicarbonate is experimentally investigated under conditions relevant for slabs at subarc depths (2.5–6 GPa and 650–1000°C). Hydrous carbonatitic liquids appear between 900 and 950°C at 2.5 GPa, between 800 and 850°C at 4–5 GPa, and at ∼800°C over 6 GPa. Water significantly depresses the thermal stability of carbonate, which drives the formation of hydrous carbonatitic liquid at low temperatures realistic for most subduction zones. Ophicarbonate fully dehydrates prior to wet melting. From an experimental point of view, the melting of ophicarbonate is essentially equal to the fluid–present melting of magnesite–bearing wehrlite lithology (i.e., meta–ophicarbonate). In the natural subduction process, the melting of meta–ophicarbonate occurs only when external water is available assuming dehydration fluid by ophicarbonate has been efficiently expelled at shallower depths. In the framework of the previously constructed dehydration history of subducting slab, the flux melting of meta–ophicarbonate at the slab–mantle interface is examined to be feasible under majority of geothermal conditions, even in cold subduction zones. Thus, hydrous carbonatitic liquid acts as a pervasive agent to transfer carbon from the slab surface to the mantle wedge at shallow depths beneath arcs. In contrast, ophicarbonate within the slab–serpentinized mantle just undergoes dehydration, and the vast majority of carbon retained in these lithologies is likely transported deeper into the mantle. Plain Language Summary: Subduction zones are critical sites for carbon cycling between Earth's surface and interior. Dissolution of carbonate and metamorphic decarbonation are thought to be common decarbonation mechanisms for most subducting slabs, whereas melting is restricted to occur at relatively hot subduction zones. Ophicarbonate (i.e., carbonated serpentinite) may be a dominant carrier of both carbon and water in subduction zones where slow‐spreading oceanic crust is subducted, however, phase relations of subducted ophicarbonate are rarely studied under subarc conditions. Here we experimentally determine the melting behavior of ophicarbonate 2.5–6 GPa and 650–1000°C. Our results show that hydrous carbonatitic liquids appear between 900 and 950°C at 2.5 GPa, between 800 and 850°C at 4–5 GPa, and ∼800°C at 6 GPa. Water is essential for the formation of hydrous carbonatitic liquids by lowering the melting points of meta‐ophicarbonate. In the framework of the dehydration history of subducting slab, pervasive hydrous carbonatitic liquids could form by water‐induced melting of meta‐ophicarbonate at slab surface at most subduction zones. Therefore, carbonatitic liquids could play a much more important role than previously thought in transferring carbon from the slab surface to the subarc mantle. Key Points: Phase relations of subducted ophicarbonates were experimentally studied at 2.5–6 GPa and 650–1000°CHydrous carbonatitic liquids are observed between 900 and 950°C at 2.5 GPa, between 800 and 850°C at 4–5 GPa, and at ∼800°C over 6 GPaHydrous carbonatitic liquids act as a pervasive agent to transfer carbon from slab surface to the subarc mantle [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various applications in science and engineering involve porous materials where the fluid erodes the solid either chemically or mechanically and transports the finer particles through the larger pore spaces of the residual solid. In soil mechanics, the process is called suffusion. In rocks, erosion is mainly due to chemical dissolution. Irrespective of the manner in which the solid erodes, the much finer particles mix with the pure fluid to form a thick fluid whose mass density is greater than that of the pure fluid but less than that of the intact solid. As the solid loses mass, its porosity increases and its mechanical properties degrade, thus impacting the deformation and fluid flow responses of the system. This paper formulates the complex kinematics and conservation equations governing the solid–fluid interaction with internal erosion. We use the classic u / p formulation in which u is the displacement of the residual solid and p is the pressure in the thick fluid. We focus on the case of chemical erosion in rocks where the eroded particles are so small that the interface between them and the pure fluid may be neglected. We then present numerical examples demonstrating the flow and deformation processes in porous materials subjected to internal erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, inclined shear tests (ISTs) coupled with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring and discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulations were employed to investigate the influence of the water/binder (w/b) ratio (w/b=0.35 and 0.23) and aggregate shape (rounded and angular) on the macro- and microfracture behavior of cement-based materials subjected to shear stress. The experimental results show that macrofracture parameters such as shear strength and stiffness increase as the w/b ratio decreases; however, they are not affected by aggregate shape, in agreement with simulations. The aggregate shape is related to the microcrack behavior. The microcrack distribution in the cement-angular aggregate mixture is confined to the area of the central shear zone, with much lower scatter than that in the cement-rounded aggregate mixture, in which microcracks are scattered around the central shear zone, in line with the macrocrack behavior. This finding is consistent with the numerical simulation results. The DEM simulation results show that the w/b ratio affects macroparameters, namely, Young's modulus (E) and Poisson's ratio (v). The value of E increases as the w/b ratio is reduced and vice versa. The aggregate shape affects only the microparameters (bond properties), which are higher for angular aggregates than rounded aggregates. A method of determination of the DEM input parameters (both micro- and macroparameters) considering different w/b ratios and aggregate shapes was proposed as well. This work provides insights into both the macro and microfracture behavior of cement mortar from the viewpoint of both tests and the relatively new DEM modeling technique. Verified with the IST data, which is rarely found in existing literature, there is generally good agreement between the simulations and tests. Moreover, a unique way of modeling, especially angular aggregate shape has been demonstrated. Further, some reference bond properties and a way to estimate them have been provided for similar simulations. The application of the model presented in this study may be extended to evaluate the strength of rock and assess its suitability as a potentially effective nuclear waste repository site or even evaluate the strength of confined concrete columns (structures) in future studies. These interesting ideas have been presented, for example, because due to the interlocking nature of angular aggregates, the bond properties of cement-based materials made of angular aggregates were found to be higher than those of their rounded aggregate counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare the diagnostic value of ultrasonic elastosonography (UE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) for benign and malignant intraocular tumors. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled patients with intraocular tumors at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University (August 2016 to January 2020). The strain rate ratio (strain rate of tumor tissue divided by strain rate of surrounding normal tissue) was measured by UE. CEUS was performed using SonoVue® contrast agent. The performance of each method at differentiating benign from malignant intraocular tumors was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The analysis included 147 eyes in 145 patients (45.6 ± 13.4 years-old; 66 males): 117 patients (119 eyes) with malignant tumors and 28 patients (28 eyes) with benign tumors. At an optimal cutoff of 22.67 for the strain rate ratio, UE distinguished benign from malignant tumors with a sensitivity of 86.6% and a specificity of 96.4%. CEUS showed that 117 eyes with malignant tumors had a fast-in, fast-out time-intensity curve, and only two eyes with malignant tumors had a fast-in, slow-out curve, while all 28 eyes with benign tumors had a fast-in, slow-out curve. CEUS differentiated benign from malignant tumors with a sensitivity of 98.3% and a specificity of 100%. The diagnostic results differed significantly between the two methods (P = 0.004, McNemar test). The diagnostic performances of the two tests were moderately consistent (κ = 0.657, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Both CEUS and UE have good diagnostic value in the differentiation of benign intraocular tumors from malignant intraocular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-supervised pre-training has become the priory choice to establish reliable neural networks for automated recognition of massive biomedical microscopy images, which are routinely annotation-free, without semantics, and without guarantee of quality. Note that this paradigm is still at its infancy and limited by closely related open issues: (1) how to learn robust representations in an unsupervised manner from unlabeled biomedical microscopy images of low diversity in samples? and (2) how to obtain the most significant representations demanded by a high-quality segmentation? Aiming at these issues, this study proposes a knowledge-based learning framework (TOWER) towards enhanced recognition of biomedical microscopy images, which works in three phases by synergizing contrastive learning and generative learning methods: (1) Sample Space Diversification: Reconstructive proxy tasks have been enabled to embed a priori knowledge with context highlighted to diversify the expanded sample space; (2) Enhanced Representation Learning: Informative noise-contrastive estimation loss regularizes the encoder to enhance representation learning of annotation-free images; (3) Correlated Optimization: Optimization operations in pre-training the encoder and the decoder have been correlated via image restoration from proxy tasks, targeting the need for semantic segmentation. Experiments have been conducted on public datasets of biomedical microscopy images against the state-of-the-art counterparts (e.g., SimCLR and BYOL), and results demonstrate that: TOWER statistically excels in all self-supervised methods, achieving a Dice improvement of 1.38 percentage points over SimCLR. TOWER also has potential in multi-modality medical image analysis and enables label-efficient semi-supervised learning, e.g., reducing the annotation cost by up to 99% in pathological classification. • A self-supervised pre-training framework with embedded prior knowledge is proposed. • The proposed method outperforms SOTA counterparts when recognizing medical images. • Generative learning integrated with contrastive learning to mutually enhance each other. • This paper achieves label-efficient learning in recognizing medical microscopy image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many practical applications, such as the studies of financial and biomedical data, the response variable usually is positive, and the commonly used criteria are based on absolute errors, which is not desirable. Rather, the relative errors are more of concern. We consider statistical inference for a partially linear multiplicative regression model when covariates in the linear part are measured with error. The simulation–extrapolation (SIMEX) estimators of parameters of interest are proposed based on the least product relative error criterion and B-spline approximation, where two kinds of relative errors are both introduced and the symmetry emerges in the loss function. Extensive simulation studies are conducted and the results show that the proposed method can effectively eliminate the bias caused by the measurement errors. Under some mild conditions, the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established. Finally, a real example is analyzed to illustrate the practical use of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the cause of limit cycles and the pathway of chaotic oscillation by doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) as its internal parameters change, this paper proposed a method to identify limit cycles and a numerical method to identify chaotic pathways. First, a simplified four-dimensional nonlinear dynamic model of the DFIG is developed. A simple criterion for the Hopf bifurcation parameter of the DFIG is given: the Routh–Hurwitz stability criterion. In addition, the relationship between the system at critical damping and the Hopf bifurcation is obtained. Second, the stability interval of the DFIG linearized system is verified using a time-domain approach when the system has recovered from a slight disturbance. Finally, periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic oscillations are predicted to occur based on the largest Lyapunov exponent and power spectrum to further determine the system's parameters. The path and threshold of the tuning parameter inducing the DFIG into chaos are obtained to provide a theoretical basis for revealing the mechanism inducing chaotic oscillations. The numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the vestibular endolymphatic hydrops in patients with semicircular canal malformation. We searched 7864 patients who underwent MR Imaging after contrast injection and found 21 patients with semicircular canal malformations. Another 9 non-malformed patients with unilateral hearing loss were randomly included. We asked patients about their medical history and measured the volume of total vestibular fluid space and endolymphatic space. The vestibular volume ratio = endolymphatic space/total fluid space × 100. Hearing loss was observed in 18 of 30 malformed ears and in 7 of 12 non-malformed ears. Statistical analysis showed no association between semicircular canal malformation and hearing loss. In the semicircular canal malformation group, the average vestibular volume ratio (22.6%) in the ears with hearing loss was higher than that in the ears without hearing loss (11.4%). There was no statistically significant difference in the average vestibular %EL in ears with hearing loss between the malformed inner ear group (22.6%) and non-malformed group (28.2%) (P>0.05). There was no correlation between semicircular canal malformation and hearing loss. The mean vestibular hydrops volume ratio of the semicircular canal deformed ears with hearing loss was about 22.6%, which was not different from that of normal ears. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a concerted effort to build intelligent sea and numerous artificial intelligence technologies have been explored. At present, more and more people are engaged in the research of deep reinforcement learning algorithm, and its mainstream application is in the field of games. Reinforcement learning has conquered chess belonging to complete information game, and Texas poker belonging to incomplete information games. And it reached or even surpassed the highest player level of mankind in E-sports games with huge state space and complex action space. However, reinforcement learning algorithm still has great challenges in fields such as automatic driving. The main reason is that the training of reinforcement learning needs to build an environment for interacting with agents. However, it is very difficult to construct realistic simulation scenes, and there is no guarantee that we will not encounter the state that the agent has not seen. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the simulation scene first. Based on this, this paper mainly studies reinforcement learning in simulation scenario. There are huge challenges in migrating them to real scenario applications, especially in sea missions. Aiming at the heterogeneous multi-agent game confrontation scenario, this paper proposes a sea battlefield game confrontation decision algorithm based on multi-agent deep deterministic policy gradient. The algorithm combines long short-term memory and actor-critic, which not only realizes the convergence of the algorithm in huge state space and action space, but also solves the problem of sparse real rewards. At the same time, imitation learning is integrated into the decision algorithm, which not only improves the convergence speed of the algorithm, but also greatly improves the effectiveness of the algorithm. The results show that the algorithm can deal with a variety of different tactical sea battlefield scenarios, make flexible decisions according to the changes of the enemy, and the average winning rate is close to 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing Cropping patterns is important for the improvement of regional agricultural economic efficiency and sustainable development. However, there are few studies on the sustainability of cropping patterns in hilly areas. Here, we studied four new three-maturing cropping patterns in a typical ecological site in the hilly areas of southwest China. An analytical method combining economic efficiency evaluation and energy value analysis was used to evaluate and compare the economic efficiency and sustainability of the new cropping model and the traditional cropping model. We explored the construction of a new three-crop cropping model suitable for the southwest hilly area to improve the economic benefits of agricultural production and improve the sustainability of agricultural production. To solve the above problems, we constructed eight cropping patterns and classified them as follows: The Traditional Double Cropping System: T1, oilseed rape-summer soybean; T2, oilseed rape-summer maize; T3, wheat-summer maize. Traditional Triple Cropping System: T4, wheat/spring maize/summer soybean. Novel Triple Cropping System: T5, forage oilseed rape-spring maize/summer soybean; T6, forage oilseed rape-spring maize/peanut; T7, potato-spring maize/peanut; T8, potato-spring maize/summer soybean. The results of the study showed that compared with the Traditional Double Cropping System and the Traditional Triple Cropping System, the Novel Triple Cropping System increased the economic yield by an average of 100.39% and 49.18%, the economic production capacity by 71.32% and 36.48%, the biological yield by 12.53% and 4.90%, and the biological production capacity by 13.59% and 5.80%. The economic benefits of the Novel Triple Cropping System were significantly improved, with economic profits increased by CNY 9068 ·hm−2 and CNY 7533 ·hm−2 compared with the Traditional Double Cropping System and the Traditional Triple Cropping System. The energy value analysis further revealed the characteristics of the Novel Triple Cropping System as a high input and high output model. The Novel Triple Cropping System increased energy value inputs by 6.56% and 4.25%, and energy value outputs by 13.69% and 4.27% compared with the Traditional Double Cropping System and the Traditional Triple Cropping System, respectively. This high level of inputs stems mainly from a significant increase in labor inputs. Meanwhile, the energy-value indicator analysis of the Novel Triple Cropping System shows its lower dependence on natural resources, greater production intensification, and increased system stability. As a result, the Novel Triple Cropping System showed higher sustainable production capacity. In summary, the results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for optimizing cropping patterns and promoting high-yield and the sustainable development of agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present an investigation on the structures and chemical bonding of two Bi-doped boron clusters BiBn− (n = 4, 5) using photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The electron affinities of BiB4 and BiB5 are measured to be 2.22(2) eV and 2.61(2) eV, respectively. Well-resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained and used to compare with theoretical calculations to verify the structures of BiB4− and BiB5−. Both clusters adopt planar structures with the Bi atom bonded to the periphery of the planar Bn moiety. Chemical bonding analyses reveal that the Bn moiety maintains σ and π double-aromaticity. The Bi atom is found to induce relatively small structural changes to the Bn moiety, very different from transition metal-doped boron clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the aerosol exposure risks while using common noninvasive oxygenation devices. A simulated mannequin was designed to breathe at a minute ventilation of 20 L/min and used the following oxygen-therapy devices: nasal cannula oxygenation (NCO) at 4 and 15 L/min, nonrebreathing mask (NRM) at 15 L/min, simple mask at 6 L/min, combination of NCO at 15 L/min and NRM at 15 L/min, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) at 50 L/min, and flush rate NRM. Two-dimension of the dispersion distance and the aerosol concentrations were measured at head, trunk, and foot around the mannequin for over 10 min. HFNC and flush-rate NRM yielded the longest dispersion distance and highest aerosol concentrations over the three sites of the mannequin than the other oxygenation devices and should use with caution. For flow rates of < 15 L/min, oxygenation devices with mask-like effects, such as NRM or NCO with NRM, decreased aerosol dispersion more effectively than NCO alone or a simple mask. In the upright position, the foot area exhibited the highest aerosol concentration regardless of the oxygenation device than the head–trunk areas of the mannequin. Healthcare workers should be alert even at the foot side of the patient while administering oxygenation therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, meaningful visual image encryption schemes that the plain image is compressed and encrypted and then hidden into the carrier image have received increasing attention. This paper proposes a new meaningful visual image encryption scheme, which consists of three stages: compression (compression network)—encryption (2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map)—hiding (matrix encoding). First, the advantages of deep learning are explored. It can compress the width, height, channel, and pixel values of the plain image simultaneously. Second, a new 2D‐SLC hyperchaotic map is designed to ensure security. It has a larger chaotic space and better randomness. Finally, to obtain a high‐quality cipher image, the secure secret image is hidden in the grey carrier image by matrix encoding. The scheme can compress and encrypt the grey or colour plain image and then hide it in a grey carrier image. In addition, the theoretical peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR) between the cipher image and the carrier image is improved from 40.9292 to 42.1785 dB. The total running time is only about 0.35, 0.87 and 3.1 s for a 256 × 256, 512 × 512 and 1024 × 1024 grey or colour plain image, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity among children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of pediatric CKD differ from those in adults, as congenital anomalies in the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are the leading causes in childhood. Identifying ideal markers of CVD risk early is crucial for CKD children to improve their care. Previously, we screened differentially expressed proteins in CKD children with or without blood pressure (BP) abnormalities and identified pregnancy zone protein (PZP). In 106 children and adolescents with CKD stages G1–G4, we analyzed plasma PZP concentration. The associations between PZP and ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) profile, parameters of cardiac and carotid ultrasounds, indices of arterial stiffness, and nitric oxide (NO) parameters were determined. We observed that PZP positively correlated with arterial stiffness indices, beta index, and pulse wave velocity in CAKUT. CKD children with abnormalities in ABPM and night dipping displayed a higher PZP concentration than those without. Additionally, the PZP level was positively correlated with NO bioavailability. In conclusion, our results suggest PZP has differential influences on cardiovascular risk in CAKUT and non-CAKUT children. Identification of this relationship is novel in the pediatric CKD literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates the influence of green technology innovation on the energy transition process using machine learning methods and econometric approach. To examine the effect of green technology innovation on the energy transition, we utilize panel data from China covering the years 2005–2020. The research intends to highlight the significance of green technology innovation in fostering the transition to sustainable energy. Our analysis of panel data reveals that green technology innovation significantly benefits China's energy transformation strategy. In particular, the study discovers that financial support for green technology innovation, as indicated by R&D spending and patent filings, has a favorable impact on the energy transition procedure. Additionally, to evaluate the influence of green technology innovation on the energy transition process, the research uses machine learning methods. The study emphasizes the need for increased investment in green technology innovation to support the transition to sustainable energy. Additionally, machine learning methods offer a valuable tool for evaluating how innovations in green technology affect the energy transition process. The research also sheds light on the variables that affect the outcome of energy transition initiatives, particularly emphasizing the role of R&D investments and patent filings in advancing a sustainable energy transition. • Investigates impact of green tech innovation on energy transition in China. • Panel data analysis reveals benefits of green tech investment. • R&D spending & patents have favorable impact on energy transition. • Study emphasizes need for increased investment in green tech. • Machine learning methods offer valuable tool for evaluating impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to examine the effects of strain, social control and learning variables on the likelihood of deviant behaviour among left‐behind children (thereafter LBC) and non‐left‐behind children (thereafter NLBC) in China. A cross‐sectional survey study was conducted among 380 LBC and 656 NLBC in elementary and middle schools in three cities of Hubei Province, China. Bivariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether LBC and NLBC differ in deviant behaviour and three main groups of correlates of deviance that reflect strain, social control and learning. LBC were less likely than NLBC to commit deviant behaviour. LBC with greater family attachment and school bond were less likely to engage in deviance, whereas NLBC with more academic difficulty and bullying victimization were more inclined to conduct deviant acts. Having deviant peers increased both LBC's and NLBC's probability of committing deviant behaviour. A combination of factors related to strain, social control and learning theories explains Chinese children's deviance. It is important to promote the healthy development of LBC by enhancing family and school bonds and reducing deviant associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a monofunctionalized bio‐based benzoxazine monomer (VAnBZ‐CN) is synthesized by condensation of vanillin, formaldehyde, and aniline, and a bifunctional epoxy‐functionalized poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS‐epoxy) is also prepared through hydrosilylation reactions with allyl glycidyl ether. By blending the inorganic PDMS‐epoxy with the VAnBZ‐CN benzoxazine monomer, an organic/inorganic hybrid material is formed, which exhibited enhanced thermal stability after thermal curing polymerization. The improved thermal stability observed in the hybrid material can be attributed to a combination of the formation of the triazine structure by VAnBZ‐CN and the presence of the inorganic part of PDMS‐epoxy on the surface. For example, the PDMS‐epoxy/VAnBZ‐CN = 1/1 hybrid showed the thermal decomposition temperature (Td10) of 309 °C, the glass transition temperature (Tg) of 165 °C, and the char yield of 54 wt.% after the thermal curing polymerization process conducted at 240 °C based on thermogravimetric (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA). Furthermore, the char yield of the hybrid material with PDMS‐epoxy/VAnBZ‐CN = 1/3 is higher than that both of pure VAnBZ‐CN and PDMS‐epoxy after the thermal curing polymerization process. This result indicates that the addition of PDMS‐epoxy resin can improve the formation of a char residue and then enhance the resistance to thermal decomposition for their overall thermal stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to reduce the wave‐induced vibration and ensure the safety of the offshore structure. This paper deals with the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ vibration control problem of offshore structures with nonlinear energy sink (NES) mechanisms. By considering the coupled nonlinear characteristics of unmodelled dynamics, system uncertainty, and external wave force, a more general nonlinear system model of the offshore structure equipped with an NES mechanism is presented. Then, an observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ control scheme for the nonlinear structure‐NES system is developed. The existence condition and the design algorithm of the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller are provided. Simulation results show that the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller is capable of reducing the wave‐induced vibration amplitude of offshore structures effectively. Compared with the NES‐based passive control, the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller can further reduce the response amplitudes of the offshore structure remarkably. In addition, the designed observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller is robust the variations of structure parameters and the external wave loads, thereby presenting potential advantages of the active damping control of the offshore structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationships between personal and collective memory, especially transgenerational memory, within a Protestant, loyalist family in Northern Ireland in Christina Reid's My Name, Shall I Tell You My Name?. Forgetting plays a vital role in the communal memory of loyalism and unionism within the world of the play. The female protagonist, Andrea, actively unsettles that forgetting by challenging the mainstream loyalist commemoration exemplified by her grandfather Andy via alternative narratives and commemoration. The ongoing contestation over the collective memory of the Battle of the Somme, one of the pivotal historical events in loyalist remembrance culture, reveals the peculiar temporality of loyalist memory and uncovers problems inherent to the eternal cycle of loyalist memory and its oblivion. Through its treatment of these themes, I suggest that My Name conveys an ethical imperative to remember for the future instead of the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐frequency (HF) square‐wave voltage injection position sensorless control method for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) is widely utilised in zero and low speed range due to its good dynamic performance and easy implementation. However, this method relies on the sampling accuracy of current sensors for rotor position estimation. To overcome this restriction, an HF square‐wave voltage injection position sensorless control method for IPMSM using a single current sensor (SCS) is proposed. Firstly, the impact of current sampling errors on HF square‐wave voltage injection position sensorless control is analysed, and it is concluded that the scaling errors of current sensors will cause the estimated position to oscillate at twice the fundamental frequency. Based on this conclusion, the phase currents reconstruction technology with SCS is adopted to avoid the impact of scaling errors on rotor position estimation. To reconstruct the phase currents containing HF component, a PWM cycle is divided into two parts, sampling stage and injection stage. By this way, the impact of HF square‐wave voltage injection on current reconstruction can be avoided. Then, the rotor position estimation is realised. The experiments are performed on a 20‐kW IPMSM platform and the results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Free fatty acid (FFA) particles that originate from the enzymatic hydrolysis of polysorbate (PS) via co-purified host cell proteins generally appear abruptly in drug products during real-time (long-term) storage. Efforts were taken to understand the kinetics of FFA particle formation, aiming for a mitigation strategy. However, it is rather challenging particularly in the sub-visible particle (SVP) range, due to either the insufficient sensitivity of the analytical techniques used or the interference of the formulation matrices of proteinaceous drug products. In this study, we examined the feasibility of Raman microscopy, backgrounded membrane imaging (BMI) and total holographic characterization (THC) on the detection of FFA sub-visible particles (SVPs). The results indicate that THC is the most sensitive technique to track their occurrence during the course of PS hydrolysis. Moreover, with this technique we are able to distinguish different stages of FFA particle formation in the medium. In addition, a real time stability study of a biopharmaceutical was analyzed, demonstrating the viability of THC to monitor SVPs in a real sample and correlate it to the visible particles (VPs) occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) imposes a substantial economic burden on public health-care systems. Hemodialysis (HD) is a pivotal treatment modality for patients with ESRD. However, prolonged use of HD vessels may result in stenosis, thrombosis, and occlusion due to repeated daily punctures. Thus, early detection and prevention of the dysfunction of dialysis routes are crucial. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we designed a wearable device for the early and accurate detection of arteriovenous access (AVA) stenosis in HD patients. METHODS: A personalized three-dimensional (3D) printed wearable device was designed by combining the phonoangiography (PAG) and photoplethysmography (PPG) techniques. The capability of this device to monitor AVA dysfunction before and after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was evaluated. RESULTS: After PTA, the amplitudes of both PAG and PPG signals increased in patients with arteriovenous fistulas and those with arteriovenous grafts; this might be due to increased blood flow. CONCLUSION: Our designed multi-sensor wearable medical device using PAG, PPG, and 3D printing appears suitable for early and accurate detection of AVA stenosis in HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Wabash National Study on Liberal Arts Education and a latent class analysis of 28 outside-the-classroom activities and behaviors, we developed a typology of outside-the-classroom student engagement during the first year of college. We find ten classes of student involvement: academic artist, party athlete, serious athlete, conventional non-worker, disengaged, maximizer, moderate worker, detached partier, involved partier, and religious. Next, we examine the relationship between latent classes and students' characteristics through a multinomial logistic regression analysis. Students reporting as first-generation or racially minoritized are overrepresented in the disengaged and involved partier classes. We found an overrepresentation of White students across all party classes. Students reporting as female were likelier to be members of the religious, moderate worker, and disengaged classes and not to be members of the party classes. Federal grant recipients were likelier to be in the academic artist and moderate worker classes. We discuss other sociocultural, economic, and academic relationships in the paper. Next, we explore the relationship of latent class to academic and developmental outcomes. We find academic artists as the only class with a significant positive relationship across the seven dependent measures. Involved partier, moderate worker, and religious classes have positive relationships with at least five dependent measures. The detached partier and party athlete classes have the lowest first-year GPAs of all latent classes. Finally, we discuss the relationships of latent classes, related institutional policy implications, and directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fricatives have noise sources that are filtered by the vocal tract and that typically possess energy over a much broader range of frequencies than observed for vowels and sonorant consonants. This paper introduces and refines fricative measurements that were designed to reflect underlying articulatory and aerodynamic conditions These show differences in the pattern of high-frequency energy for sibilants vs non-sibilants, voiced vs voiceless fricatives, and non-sibilants differing in place of articulation. The results confirm the utility of a spectral peak measure (FM) and low–mid frequency amplitude difference (AmpD) for sibilants. Using a higher-frequency range for defining FM for female voices for alveolars is justified; a still higher range was considered and rejected. High-frequency maximum amplitude (Fh) and amplitude difference between low- and higher-frequency regions (AmpRange) capture /f-θ/ differences in English and the dynamic amplitude range over the entire spectrum. For this dataset, with spectral information up to 15 kHz, a new measure, HighLevelD, was more effective than previously used LevelD and Slope in showing changes over time within the frication. Finally, isolated words and connected speech differ. This work contributes improved measures of fricative spectra and demonstrates the necessity of including high-frequency energy in those measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A: Both Prof. Hong and Prof. Wei agreed that failure is inevitable. A: Both Prof. Hong and Prof. Wei agreed that innovation inherently follows risk and that surgeons must excel at current techniques before attempting new ones. A: Both Prof. Wei and Prof. Hong believe that while drawing is not necessarily important, record-keeping for preoperative, postoperative, and surgical records is critical. [Extracted from the article]

We study the concurrence for arbitrary N-partite W-class states based on the (N - 1) -partite partitions of subsystems by taking account to the structures of W-class states. By using the method of permutation and combination, we give some analytical formulas of concurrence and elegant relations between the N-partite concurrence and the (N - 1) -partite concurrence for arbitrary N-partite W-class states. Applying these relations, we present better lower bounds of concurrence for some multipartite mixed states. An example is given to demonstrate that our lower bounds can detect more entanglements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations on common questions in the diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF) for critically ill cancer patients. We developed six clinical questions using the PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome) principle in diagnosis and treatment for critical ill cancer patients with ARF. Based on literature searching and meta-analyses, recommendations were devised. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation) method was applied to each question to reach consensus in the expert panel. The panel makes strong recommendations in favor of (1) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) tests may aid clinicians in rapid diagnosis in critically ill cancer patients suspected of pulmonary infections; (2) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy should not be used as a routine rescue therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill cancer patients but may benefit highly selected patients after multi-disciplinary consultations; (3) cancer patients who have received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy have an increased incidence of pneumonitis compared with standard chemotherapy; (4) critically ill cancer patients who are on invasive mechanical ventilation and estimated to be extubated after 14 days may benefit from early tracheotomy; and (5) high-flow nasal oxygen and noninvasive ventilation therapy can be used as a first-line oxygen strategy for critically ill cancer patients with ARFs. A weak recommendation is: (6) for critically ill cancer patients with ARF caused by tumor compression, urgent chemotherapy may be considered as a rescue therapy only in patients determined to be potentially sensitive to the anticancer therapy after multidisciplinary consultations. The recommendations based on the available evidence can guide diagnosis and treatment in critically ill cancer patients with acute respiratory failure and improve outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Data on the geoepidemiology and outcomes of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in Asia are limited; thus, we aimed to collect and assess this information for Taiwan. Methods: A nationwide population‐based cohort study was undertaken using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Primary biliary cholangitis was defined by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 571.6 based on alkaline phosphatase and antimitochondrial antibody measurements and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment. Results: During 2002–2015, 2737 patients (2137 female patients; mean age, 57.78 years) had PBC. The average annual age‐ and sex‐adjusted prevalence and incidence rates of PBC were 8.092/105 and 1.148/105, respectively. Prevalent cases peaked in patients aged 50–59 years; the female‐to‐male ratio was 4.21. Annual prevalence rates increased with time (average percentage change, 12.03%; p < 0.0001). The annual incidence rates decreased with time (−7.39%; p = 0.000011) in female patients (−8.94%; p = 0.000003) but remained steady in male patients. Female‐to‐male and northern‐to‐southern relative risks of PBC incidence rates ranged from 2.2675 to 4.3318 and from 1.5707 to 3.1725, respectively. The 14‐year hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cumulative incidence was 9.11%, and the mortality rate was 32.44%; the cumulative incidences of dyslipidemia, thyroid disease, and extrahepatic cancers were 65.13%, 24.40%, and 12.79%, respectively. Higher cumulative incidences of HCC (p = 0.0064) and mortality (p < 0.0001) were noted in male than female PBC patients; southern Taiwan PBC patients had higher cumulative incidences of mortality (p < 0.0001) than their northern counterparts. Conclusion: In Taiwan, decreasing trends in incidence rates and the female‐to‐male ratio of PBC patients and specific sex and geographic impacts on the incidence rates and outcomes of PBC demand further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently developed Long (≥100 cm) axial field of view (AFOV) PET/CT scanners are capable of producing images with higher signal‐to‐noise ratio, or performing faster whole‐body acquisitions, or scanning with lower radiation dose to the patient, compared with conventional PET/CT scanners. These benefits, which arise due to their substantially higher, by more than an order of magnitude, geometric efficiency, have been well described in the recent literature. The introduction of Long AFOV PET/CT technology into the clinic also has important implications for the design and workflow of PET/CT facilities and their effects on radiation exposure to staff and patients. Maximising the considerable benefits of this technology requires a thorough understanding of the relationships between these factors to optimise workflows while appropriately managing radiation exposure. This article reviews current knowledge on PET/CT facility design, workflows and their effects on radiation exposure, identifies gaps in the literature and discusses the challenges that need to be considered with the introduction of Long AFOV PET/CT into the clinic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]