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The rational design of photocatalysts with efficiency and stability is highly desirable but remains challenging. Here, we report a supramolecular self-assembly strategy to construct hollow phosphorus-doped g-C3N4 microboxes (PCNMs). Considering the effects of multiple parameters on the structure and activity of samples, the orthogonal design is innovatively introduced to optimize technology parameters for screening high-performance g-C3N4. Under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm), rhodamine B (RhB, 4 mg L−1) is completely degraded in just 80 seconds in the presence of the optimal PCNM. The kinetic rate constant of RhB degradation with the PCNM is 3.4633 min−1, demonstrating unprecedented activity that is about 112 times higher than that of bulk g-C3N4 (0.0309 min−1) synthesized by direct polycondensation of melamine. Additionally, the optimal PCNM also shows enhanced degradation efficiency for tetracycline. The outstanding properties are primarily attributed to the hollow architecture, high specific surface area, and phosphorus doping. This work advances the design of photocatalysts correlating various factors, opening an avenue for optimizing photocatalytic synthesis and activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People value the opportunity to exercise control over the environment or make their own choices. Recent studies have revealed that simply having the opportunity to make choices can facilitate memory performance, suggesting an interaction between reward (due to choice making) and memory systems. However, little is known about the electrophysiological basis of choice‐related memory. In the current study, we used scalp electroencephalography combined with a choice encoding task to examine the role of theta oscillations (which have been widely connected to reward and memory processing) in choice‐related memory formation. The encoding task had two conditions. In the choice condition, participants were asked to choose between two occluded memoranda by themselves, whereas in the fixed condition, the decision was made by the computer. Behavioral results showed the choice effect, with better performance in the choice condition than the fixed condition on the recognition test given after a 24‐h delay. Increases in theta power during an early latency of encoding period predicted successful memory formation in the choice condition, but not in the fixed condition. Furthermore, decreases in theta power during a late latency predicted successful memory formation in both the fixed and the choice conditions. Finally, we observed increased theta power in the choice condition compared to the fixed condition during an early latency of encoding period and decreased theta power in the choice condition compared to the fixed condition during a late latency. Our results suggest that theta oscillations play a significant role in choice‐related memory formation. This study explores the novel role of theta oscillations in shaping choice‐related memory formation. It uncovers distinct patterns of theta power during different latency phases of the encoding period. Specifically, in the choice condition, theta power during the early latency positively predicts subsequent memory performance, while during the late latency, it negatively predicts memory performance in both choice and fixed conditions. These findings advance our knowledge of active and motivational learning mechanisms by establishing a link between theta activity and the formation of choice‐based memories, thus highlighting their unique contributions beyond existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cs-corrected high-angle-annular-dark-field scanning-transmission-electron microscopy (Cs-corrected HAADF-STEM) was employed to examine the phases in AlCuLi alloy (AA2050), including GP(T1), GP(θ″) and GPB zones with their subsequent nanometer-sized products, T1 (Al2CuLi), θ′ (Al2Cu), and S (Al2CuMg) precipitates, respectively. Under the peak-aging condition, some solute-atom enriched clusters could still be found, and the newly-formed nucleus of GP(θ″) with a mono-layer {100} plane of Cu atoms occurred at the adjacent area of the joint between θ′ and S precipitates or the edge of an individual S precipitate. The transition of a single Cu-layer GP(θ″) → θ′ was presumed to be transformation via in-situ nucleation. The developing GP(θ″) zones and θ′ precipitates were easily subjected to soft impingement. However, hard impingement between two variants of θ′ presumably occurred, wherein one θ′ variant precipitate was blocked out by the other θ′ variant. As for the creep-ageing forming (CAF) treated sample, some precipitates of T1 and θ′ were found to have the cutting characteristic on specific ledges. Keywords: Cs-corrected HAADF-STEM, AlCuLi (AA2050) aluminium alloy, GP(θ″) zones, T1 precipitates, θ′ Precipitates, S precipitates

Aim: To examine the association between lipoprotein lipase (LPL) polymorphisms and susceptibility to diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and early renal function decline in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods: The association of eight LPL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with DKD was analysed in 2793 patients with T2D from the third China National Stroke Registry. DKD was defined as either an urine albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio (UACR) of 30 mg/g or higher at baseline and 3 months, or an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 at baseline and 3 months. Rapid decline in kidney function (RDKF) was defined as a reduction in the eGFR of 3 mL/min/1.73 m2 or greater per year. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of LPL SNP and DKD with an additive model. Results: The SNPs rs285 C>T (OR = 1.40, P =.0154), rs328 C>G (OR = 2.24, P =.0104) and rs3208305 A>T (OR = 1.85, P =.0015) were identified to be significantly associated with DKD defined by eGFR. Among 1241 participants with follow‐up data, 441 (35.5%) showed RDKF over a mean follow‐up period of 1 year, and the rs285 C allele was associated with higher odds of RDKF (OR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.04‐1.66; P =.025) after adjustment for multiple variables. Conclusions: These results suggest that LPL‐related SNPs are new candidate factors for conferring susceptibility to DKD and may promote rapid loss of renal function in Chinese patients with T2D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]