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Bioorthogonal covalent labeling with self-labeling enzymes like SNAP-tag bears a high potential for specific targeting of cells for imaging in vitro and also in vivo. To this end, fluorescent SNAP substrates have been established and used in microscopy and fluorescence imaging while radioactive substrates for the highly sensitive and whole-body positron emission tomography (PET) have been lacking. Here, we show for the first time successful and highcontrast PET imaging of subcutaneous SNAP-tag expressing tumor xenografts by bioorthogonal covalent targeting with a novel 18F-based radioligand in vivo.

Laguna de Bay is one of the country’s major lakes, providing a third of the fish consumed by Metro Manila’s 16 million residents. It also provides support for agriculture, industry, and hydropower generation, as well as providing a welcome respite for many Filipinos. However, because of the lake’s importance, it is threatened by a variety of issues, including pollution. Heavy metals such as mercury and lead are present in high concentrations in the lake. And these heavy metals may persist in fish, water, air and the human body. As a result, an adsorption technique for heavy metal removal in an aqueous solution was investigated. As an adsorbent, the produced chitosan from crustacean waste shells was employed. The study’s parameters were contact time, adsorbent quantity, and pH. Results showed that 0.5 g of chitosan has a higher absorption rate of 99% in 500 mg/L solutions compared to 1.0 g of chitosan with an adsorption rate of 98%. In terms of contact time, 60 minutes showed almost 100% adsorption rate while 120 minutes was 98%. With increasing pH, the amount of metal adsorption rises. This developed chitosan from crustacean waste shells indicates high capacity as adsorbent materials for heavy metals. As a result, it appears to be a viable material for water treatment.

Aims: Human embryonic stem cell derived-cardiovascular progenitor cells (hESC-CVPCs) are a promising cell source for cardiac repair, while the underlying mechanisms need to be elucidated. We recently observed cardioprotective effects of human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-CVPCs in infarcted nonhuman primates, but their effects on inflammation during early phase of myocardial infarction (MI) and the contribution of such effect to the cardioprotection are unclear. Results: Injection of hESC-CVPCs into acutely infarcted myocardium significantly ameliorated the functional worsening and scar formation, concomitantly with reduced inflammatory reactions and cardiomyocyte apoptosis as well as increased vascularization. Moreover, hESC-CVPCs modulated cardiac macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the infarcted hearts, and such modulation was further confirmed in vitro using human cardiovascular progenitor cell (hCVPC)-conditioned medium (hCVPC-CdM) and highly contained interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13. Furthermore, signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) was activated in hCVPC-CdM- and IL-4/IL-13-treated macrophages in vitro and in hESC-CVPC-implanted MI hearts, resulting in the polarization of macrophages toward a reparative phenotype in the post-MI hearts. However, hESC-CVPC-mediated modulation on macrophages and cardioprotection were abolished in STAT6-deficient MI mice. Innovation: This is the first report about the immunoregulatory role played by hESC-CVPCs in the macrophage polarization in the infarcted hearts, its importance for the infarct repair, and the underlying signaling pathway. The findings provide new insight into the mechanism of microenvironmental regulation of stem cell-based therapy during acute MI. Conclusions: Implantion of hESC-CVPCs during the early phase of MI promotes infarct repair via the modulation of macrophage polarization through secreted cytokine-mediated STAT6 activation. The findings suggest a therapeutic potential by modulating macrophage polarization during acute phase of MI.

In this paper, we present the currents, which have been measured since 2008 at the new top structure of the Peissenberg Tower, Germany, and the associated electric fields in a distance of about 180 m from the tower. The study comprises 17 negative lightning, which contained 44 subsequent return strokes, 108 initial continuous current (ICC)-pulses, and 26 M-components. The analysis, based on the current waveform, revealed three different types for both the M-component current and the ICC-pulse. The impulsive current of type 1 has a more or less symmetrical wave shape. For this type, the electric field occurred on average 15.7 μs prior to the current pulse. The impulsive current of type 2 has a bipolar wave shape with current reversal. The impulsive current of type 3 has a wave shape, which exhibits a fast rise to peak and a much longer decay to low current values. For all types of impulsive currents (return strokes, ICC-pulses, and M-components), the electric field exhibits a first field change (Δ E 1) followed by a second field change (Δ E 2) of opposite polarity. For the ICC-pulses and M-component currents of types 1 and 3, the first field change (Δ E 1) has typically an initial slow-rising section, which is followed by a fast-rising section. The transition point was time-correlated with the onset of the current. The transition point was at about Δ E 1/3 for type 1 and at about Δ E 1/2 for type 3. For type 2, the onset of the current pulse occurred during the second field change (Δ E 2) of opposite polarity. Similar to type 1 and 3 pulses, the slow-rising electric field changed into a fast-rising electric field. The transition point for type 2 pulse was at about Δ E 2/3. From the 44 subsequent return strokes, 8 of them contained one negative M-component of type 1. In that case, the M-component current was extremely strong. The arithmetic mean (AM) was 8.5 kA (GM: 5.4 kA) for the peak current and 747.8 mC (GM: 614.0 mC) for the transferred charge. The return stroke was also very strong, with an AM of 16.7 kA for the peak current (GM: 15.0 kA). In comparison, the AM was 10.4 kA (GM: 8.3 kA) considering all subsequent return strokes.

Phenantrena merupakan polutan organik yang termasuk dalam kelompok senyawa polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) dengan toksisitas tinggi, persisten, mutagenik dan karsinogenik. Karena itu diperlukan metode yang efisien, mudah dan ramah lingkungan untuk penyisihan senyawa polutan tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini telah dilakukan sintesis silika yang difungsionalisasikan dengan difenilamin (DPA) untuk mengadsorpsi phenantrena. Karakterisasi silika-DPA dilakukan dengan menggunakan SEM dan FTIR. Optimasi adsorpsi dilakukan berdasarkan pengaruh massa adsorben, waktu ekstraksi, pH dan konsentrasi phenantrena. Hasil karakterisasi SEM menunjukkan terbentuknya Si-DPA dengan adanya perubahan morfologi pada permukaan silica dan adanya serapan spesifik gugus aromatic dan ikatan C-N pada spectrum FTIR. Hasil optimasi adsorpsi diperoleh pada massa adsorben 4 mg, pH 3, waktu kontak 90 menit, dan konsentrasi larutan standar phenantrena 15,88 ppm. Adsoprsi PAH menggunakan silica sekam padi yang difungsionalisasi DPA telah berhasil dilakukan. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/aec.v4.i1.2019.p51-64

Dysregulated activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) drives a variety of pathophysiological conditions. Non-invasive imaging of MMP activity in vivo promises diagnostic and prognostic value. However, current targeting strategies by small molecules are typically limited with respect to the bioavailability of the labeled MMP binders in vivo. To this end, we here introduce and compare three chemical modifications of a recently developed barbiturate-based radiotracer with respect to bioavailability and potential to image MMP activity in vivo.Barbiturate-based MMP inhibitors with an identical targeting unit but varying hydrophilicity were synthesized, labeled with technetium-99m, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Biodistribution and radiotracer elimination were determined in C57/BL6 mice by serial SPECT imaging. MMP activity was imaged in a MMP-positive subcutaneous xenograft model of human K1 papillary thyroid tumors. In vivo data were validated by scintillation counting, autoradiography, and MMP immunohistochemistry.We prepared three newIntroduction of HYNIC/TPPTS into the barbiturate lead structure ([

Over the 20 year period from 2001 to 2020, the Ministry of Energy and Energy Industries (MEEI) of Trinidad and Tobago commissioned 19 gas and 3 oil audits conducted by independent consultants. Trinidad and Tobago's natural gas Technically Recoverable Resources (TRR) moved from a P1+C1 TRR to Production Ratio of greater than 30 in 2001 to less than 10 years as production has grown from a low of 1.5 Bcf/d to a high of 4.3 Bcf/d. Despite this, the opening of a new exploration basin in the Deepwater has resulted in greater than 100% technically recoverable resource replacement in the last three years for natural gas and a 770% increase in Prospective Resources for crude oil. The data from these successful audits have served to demonstrate the astute management by the Government and People of Trinidad and Tobago of the country's hydrocarbon resources.

pdf La extensión urbana aumentó de manera desordenada y no planificada en Guaya-quil, lo que ha llevado a la creación de complejos habitacionales en terrenos agrí-cola en los cantones vecinos. La parroquia satélite "La Aurora" en Daule, se ha convertido en una de las ciudades "Dormitorio" de la gran Guayaquil, con 96 urba-nizaciones privadas. El sector inmobiliario es uno de los mayores consumidores de recursos ambientales, por lo que se deben implementar normas ambientales para mitigar su impacto. El diseño de una propuesta de certificación ambiental parte de la necesidad implementar estrategias para cumplir con procesos más limpios con-trolando que las actividades no superen un determinado nivel de contaminación, a lo largo de su ciclo de vida, garantizando que la edificación cumple con los están-dares o normas ambientales nacionales y/o internacionales, y que ha realizado una evaluación integral de sus procesos y de su impacto con el medioambiente. La metodología se llevó a cabo mediante el análisis de las normas de construcción en los reglamentos existentes de los complejos habitacionales, revisión bibliográ-fica de certificaciones existentes, y evaluación de parámetros de análisis bajo los criterios de sostenibilidad. El modelo propuesto se denomina Redes de Decisión Difusas Lingüísticas Neutrosóficas (LFDN) y se utiliza junto con la preferencia de orden por similitud con la solución ideal (TOPSIS) como enfoque híbrido, junto al proceso analítico jerárquico AHP, ponderando el peso de los criterios de sostenibi-lidad y mitigación. Los indicadores para mitigar la contaminación ambiental inclu-yen el uso de materiales con bajo contenido de CO2, energía limpia en viviendas y espacios públicos, así como el aumento de áreas verdes y programas de reforesta-ción por m2, dedicados a preservar y aumentar la capacidad de las áreas protegidas. La herramienta de evaluación de edificaciones sostenibles será una guía para el sector inmobiliario, para incorporar un plus ecológico, reduciendo el consumo de energía, uso eficiente del agua, mejorando la calidad interior y contribuirá a la mitigación del cambio climático. Por medio de la evaluación los intervinientes en el pro-yecto podrán decidir hasta qué punto será su contribución con el medio ambiente. El objetivo es que la huella de carbono pueda reducirse, y esta sea cero. Urban sprawl has increased in a disorderly and unplanned manner in Guayaquil, which has led to the creation of housing complexes on agricultural land in neigh-boring cantons. The satellite parish "La Aurora" in Daule, has become one of the "dormitory" cities of greater Guayaquil, with 96 private housing developments. The real estate sector is one of the largest consumers of environmental resources, so environmental standards must be implemented to mitigate its impact. The design of an environmental certification proposal is based on the need to implement strategies to comply with cleaner processes by controlling that activities do not exceed a cer-tain level of contamination throughout their life cycle, guaranteeing that the build-ing complies with national and/or international environmental standards or norms, and that it has carried out a comprehensive evaluation of its processes and their impact on the environment. The methodology was carried out through the analysis of construction standards in the existing regulations of housing complexes, bibliographic review of existing cer-tifications, and evaluation of analysis parameters under the sustainability criteria. The proposed model is called Linguistic Fuzzy Neutrosophic Fuzzy Decision Net-works (LFDN) and is used in conjunction with the TOPSIS as a hybrid approach, together with the AHP hierarchical analytical process, weighting the weight of the sustainability and mitigation criteria. Indicators to mitigate environmental pollution include the use of low-CO2 materials, clean energy in housing and public spaces, as well as the increase of green areas and reforestation programs per m2, dedicated to preserve and increase the capacity of protected areas.The sustainable building assessment tool will be a guide for the real estate sector to incorporate an ecological plus, reducing energy consumption, efficient use of water, improving interior quality and will contribute to climate change mitigation. By means of the assessment, project participants will be able to decide to what extent they will contribute to the environment. The goal is that the carbon footprint can be reduced, and it is zero.

Antecedentes: Los frenillos son estructuras a manera de pliegues de tejido conectivo que se insertan en el hueso maxilar superior. Esta estructura anatómica, que pasa muchas veces desapercibida durante el examen bucal, presenta variaciones de inserción que están asociadas a diastemas, problemas fonéticos, periodontales y ortodónticos. Objetivo: Identificar el tipo de inserción del frenillo labial superior asociado a la presencia de diastemas, en estudiantes de 8 a 15 años que acuden a la Unidad Educativa Vicente Anda Aguirre del Cantón Mocha, Ecuador. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de diseño observacional transversal, con una muestra de 300 niños de 8-15 años de edad, quienes cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se realizó examen clínico y registro fotográfico del frenillo labial superior para analizar las variables: tipo de inserción y presencia de diastemas en relación con la edad y el género. Mediante las pruebas de Chi cuadrado y regresión lineal se evaluó la asociación entre estas variables (p=0,05). Resultados: 44,67 % de los participantes presentaba frenillo labial superior con inserción gingival. La inserción papilar penetrante se halló en el 27,54 % y tuvo mayor relación con la presencia de diastema, siendo el de tipo leve el que se presentó con mayor frecuencia (66,67 %) independientemente del sexo. Conclusiones: La edad mostró estrecha relación con el sitio de inserción del frenillo, siendo su ubicación más coronal en edades tempranas. Por lo tanto, es un factor predisponente para la aparición de diastemas.

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El presente estudio tiene como finalidad determinar la viabilidad técnica, económica y social del proyecto, el cual consiste en la instalación de una planta productora de una bebida en base a té verde y un cultivo probiótico (medusomyces gisevi). En primer lugar, en el capítulo I se mencionan los objetivos, hipótesis y justificación de la investigación. En segundo lugar, en el capítulo II se muestra el estudio de mercado realizado. Se estima que la demanda para el año 2025 será de 147 654 botellas de 480ml. En tercer lugar, en el capítulo III se analizan las alternativas de localización. Se determinó que la planta se ubicará en el distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho del departamento de Lima. Posteriormente, en el capítulo IV, se calcula el tamaño de planta. En este caso, el proyecto estará limitado por el tamaño del mercado. Luego, en el capítulo V, se determina la maquinaria y equipo a utilizar en la planta. También, se realizan estudios de impacto ambiental y de seguridad y salud ocupacional; así como la disposición de planta final. Más adelante, en el capítulo VI, se menciona el tipo de empresa y las funciones del personal administrativo requerido. Posteriormente, en el capítulo VII, se realiza el análisis económico y financiero para los 5 años de horizonte de vida del proyecto. Se obtuvo un VAN y TIR económico de S/ 253 994 y 55,5%, respectivamente. Por otro lado, en la evaluación financiera muestra un VAN de S/ 270 625 y un TIR de 70,2%. Finalmente, en el capítulo VIII, se explican y analizan los principales indicadores sociales para así determinar la viabilidad social de esta investigación. Se obtuvo un valor agregado de S/ 2 173 758. The purpose of this study is to determine the project’s technical, economic and social viability. This project consists in the installation of a beverage based on green tea leaves and a probiotic culture (medosomyces gisevi) processing plant. First, in chapter I, the objectives of the research, the hypothesis and the justification are mentioned. Secondly, in chapter II is shown the market study report. It is estimated that the demand for the year 2025 will be 147 654 bottles of 480 ml. Thirdly, in chapter III location alternatives are analyzed. It is determined that the plant will be located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho in the department of Lima. Subsequently, in chapter IV is calculated the plant size. In this case, the project will be limited by the market size. After that, in chapter V, the different machinery to be used in the plant is determined. Additionally, environmental impact studies, occupational health and security studies and the final disposition of the plant, among other studies, are also made. Later, in chapter VI is mentioned the type of organization that this business is going to have and all the administrative staff’s functions. Afterwards, in chapter VII is realized all the economic and financial analysis for the 5 years of life of the project. As a result of the analysis, an economic NPV and an IRR of S/ 253 994 and 55,5% were obtained, respectively. The financial evaluation shows a NPV of S/ 270 625 and an IRR of 70,2%. Finally, in chapter VIII, the main social indicators in order to determine the social viability of the research are explained and analyzed. The project generates a positive impact, since an added value of S/ 2 173 758 is obtained.

This paper assessed the performance of swine industry in the Philippines by synthesizing secondary data from 1990 to 2020. Inefficiencies in major swine value chain segments were identified. The factors affecting swine production and pork consumption were determined using multiple regression analysis. The bottlenecks found along the chain are yellow corn supply deficit, fragmented structures of yellow corn and backyard farms, high disease susceptibility of backyard farms, and compromised meat quality produced from private slaughterhouses. The own price, inventory, and slaughtered animals have significant direct effects on swine production. The retail price of pork and income have significant direct influences on pork consumption, while the retail price of chicken has inverse effect. Recommendations emphasize continuous implementation of support programs for yellow corn, promotion of collective action schemes for yellow corn and backyard farms, target-specific training seminars on disease management and control for backyard farms, and Public- Private Partnership scheme for slaughterhouse modernization.

Background: Glaucoma refers to a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by retinal cell degeneration and optic nerve atrophy leading to blindness. Even though about 40% of patients have normal intraocular pressure (IOP), current treatment. focuses on lowering IOP. With time, current drugs become less effective, which has motivated the search for novel drugs.The objective was to establish whether modulators of ATP-sensitive potassium channels influence IOP. Methods: The double-blind, 5-day short duration Proof-Of-Concept study was carried out at the Ophthalmology Clinic, University of Cologne, Germany. The only inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of glaucoma, ability to understand that they would be treated with an experimental drug, and readiness to sign a consent form. Results: In rabbits, 1 h after topical application of 80 µL of 0.5% tolazamide, tolbutamide, glibenclamide, and chlorpropamide suspended in phosphate buffered saline IOP de-creased, whereas 0.5% diazoxide increased IOP. In Cynomolgus monkeys tolbutamide decreased IOP. In 9 glaucoma patients treated for 5 days with one drop of a 0.5% tolbutamide solution twice daily, IOP was an average of 17% lowered. In one patient with ocular hypertension, tolbutamide lowered IOP by a 5-day average of 29% and increased aqueous humor outflow by 185%. No local adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: The data presented show that blockers of the ATP-sensitive potassium channels lower IOP whereas diazoxide, an ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, increases IOP suggesting that elevated IOP results from an ionic imbalance. The data suggest that sulfonylurea drugs are useful for the treatment of glaucoma.

BackgroundWhether to approach distal occlusions endovascularly or not in medium-sized vessels secondary to proximal large vessel occlusion stroke remains unanswered.ObjectiveTo investigates the technical feasibility and safety of thrombectomy for secondary posterior circulation distal, medium vessel occlusions (DMVO).MethodsTOPMOST (Treatment fOr Primary Medium vessel Occlusion STroke) is an international, retrospective, multicenter, observational registry of patients treated for distal cerebral artery occlusions. This study subanalysis endovascularly treated occlusions of the posterior cerebral artery in the P2 and P3 segment secondary preprocedural or periprocedural thrombus migration between January 2014 and June 2020. Technical feasibility was evaluated with the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (mTICI) scale. Procedural safety was assessed by the occurrence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and intervention-related serious adverse events.ResultsAmong 71 patients with secondary posterior circulation DMVO who met the inclusion criteria, occlusions were present in 80.3% (57/71) located in the P2 segment and in 19.7% (14/71) in the P3 segment. Periprocedural migration occurred in 54.9% (39/71) and preprocedural migration in 45.1% (32/71) of cases. The first reperfusion attempt led in 38% (27/71) of all cases to mTICI 3. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, increased numbers of reperfusion attempts (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.39, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.88, p=0.009) and preprocedural migration (aOR=4.70, 95% CI,1.35 to 16.35, p=0.015) were significantly associated with mTICI 3. sICH occurred in 2.8% (2/71).ConclusionThrombectomy for secondary posterior circulation DMVO seems to be safe and technically feasible. Even though thrombi that have migrated preprocedurally may be easier to retract, successful reperfusion can be achieved in the majority of patients with secondary DMVO of the P2 and P3 segment.

Heart transplantation continues to be the gold standard clinical intervention to treat patients with end-stage heart failure. However, there are major complications associated with this surgical procedure that reduce the survival prognosis of heart transplant patients, including allograft rejection, malignancies, infections, and other complications that arise from the use of broad-spectrum immunosuppression drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) against allotransplantation rejection in both in vitro and in vivo settings due to their immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, utilization of MSCs provides new and exciting strategies to improve heart transplantation and potentially reduce the use of broad-spectrum immunosuppression drugs while alleviating allograft rejection. In this review, we will discuss the current research on the mechanisms of cardiac allograft rejection, the physiological and immunological characteristics of MSCs, the effects of MSCs on the immune system, and immunomodulation of heart transplantation by MSCs.

We present an automatic approach in recognising the classification type of motor vehicles. Over the years, governments and private organisations have implemented schemes in which motor vehicles are categorised according to their size, weight, scale, and axel. Such schemes are used for various purposes, mainly for the implementation of new regulations, generation of statistics as well as urban development. This investigation proposes an autonomous system that is able to detect motorcycles, light motor vehicles (LMV’s) and heavy motor vehicles (HMV’s) from static images. This was established by training a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) on preprocessed subsets of an existing dataset using the transfer learning technique. Our model achieved an F1 Score of 94.27% and an Accuracy Rate of 89.28% and challenging scenarios were identified.

Background and Objective: CRISPR tools that allow for precise manipulation of individual loci have not been used in generation of i nduced c ardiac p rogenitor c ells ( iCPC s). This study was designed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of reprogramming fibroblasts into iCPC using CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) system. Methods: Tail-tip fibroblasts (TTFs) were isolated from Nkx2-5 cardiac enhancer GFP reporter mice. A gRNA pool targeting 17 progenitor genes was synthesized and transduced with dCas9-VP64 lentivirus into TTFs ( Fig.1A ). The phenotype of iCPCs was then characterized by immunostaining and FACS of progenitor markers. Finally, the cardiac-lineage differentiation potential of iCPCs was determined by immunostaining and electrophysiological assay under defined induction mediums. Results: iCPCs with GFP expression were formed in TTFs after transduction of CRISPRa targeting Isl1, Gata4, Baf60c, Tbx5 and Nkx2-5 (Fig.1B), while GFP was not activated by control virus. Cardiac progenitor markers were activated in iCPCs as shown by immunostaining (Fig.1C). The generation efficiency of Flk1-postive iCPCs induced by CRISPRa was ~60% as showed by FACS. iCPCs can be differentiated into cardiomyocytes as identified by immunostaining of cardiac-specific markers (Fig.1D). The iCPC-derived cardiomyocytes displayed spontaneous beating and showed cardiac action potentials (Fig.1E). Conclusion: The CRISPRa system is an efficient and specific way to generate iCPCs, which could provide a novel source of cells for cardiac regenerative medicine. Conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac progenitors poses a novel therapeutic option for repair of myocardial infarction.

BackgroundTransvenous embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) can be curative. We aimed to evaluate the cure rate and safety of the transvenous retrograde pressure cooker technique (RPCT) using coils and n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate as a venous plug.MethodsAll AVM patients treated via transvenous embolization between December 2004 and February 2017 in a single center were extracted from our database. Inclusion criteria were: inability to achieve transarterial cure alone; AVM < 3 cm; and single main draining vein. Outcome measures were immediate and 90 days' angiographic AVM occlusion rate, and morbidity and mortality at 30 days and 12 months, according to the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score.ResultsFifty-one patients (20 women; median age 47 years) were included. A majority (71%) were high grade (3 to 5 in the Spetzler–Martin classification). AVMs were deeply seated in 30 (59%) and cortical in 21 patients (41%). Thirty-three patients were previously embolized transarterially (65%). All patients but one were cured within a single session with the RPCT (96%). Cure was confirmed on follow-up digital subtraction angiography at 3 months in 82% of patients. Three patients experienced intracranial hemorrhage (6%), one requiring surgical evacuation. There were no deaths. One treatment-related major permanent deficit was observed (2.0%). Mean mRS before treatment, at 30 days, and 12 months after RPCT was 1.5, 1.5, and 1.3, respectively.ConclusionsThe retrograde pressure cooker technique can be curative in carefully selected high-grade AVMs. Long-term follow-up and prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.

espanolObjetivo. Presentar los resultados de un analisis de grupos de interes para definir un mapa de los actores involucrados en la deliberacion de una propuesta para incrementar el impuesto a bebidas azucaradas (BA) en Mexico del 10 al 20% por litro. Material y metodos. Se reviso la literatura y se entrevisto a actores clave. El analisis del poder y posicion de los actores se realizo con el programa Policy maker. Resultados. Se identifico una amplia preocupacion por la epidemia de obesidad, pero poco consenso sobre como resolverla. Los investigadores y las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG) apoyan un incremento en el impuesto a las BA, mientras que los funcionarios gubernamentales y los representantes de la industria se oponen a dicha medida. Conclusion. Quienes apoyan un incremento al impuesto deben crear una coalicion que fuerce a los funcionarios gubernamentales a apoyar el aumento y confrontar exitosa-mente a la industria, la cual cuenta con una estrategia solida y recursos financieros abundantes para influir en la opinion publica y en los legisladores. EnglishObjective. To present the results of a stakeholder analysis used to construct a map of the actors involved in the delib-eration of a proposal to increase the tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in Mexico from 10 to 20 percent per liter. Materials andmethods. A literature review and in-terviews to key actors were implemented. The analysis of the actors’ power and position was made using Policymaker. Results. There was concern for the obesity epidemic among all stakeholders, but little consensus on the way to solve it. Researchers and non-governmental organizations (NGO) support an increase in the tax on SSB, while government officials and industry representatives oppose this measure. Conclusion. Supporters of an increase to the tax on SSB need to build a coalition in order to force government officials to support this policy and successfully confront the soda industry, which has a solid opposing strategy and enormous financial resources to influence public opinion and congressmen.

La filosofía de la no violencia se construye a través de cuatro ideas indispensables: la existencia del opresor; existencia del oprimido; métodos no violentos; y, la idea de justicia. Estas ideas son contextualizadas dentro de una revisión bíblica de la no violencia, intentando construir un fundamento teológico sobre el cual se fundamente la filosofía de la no violencia. La revisión bíblica se desarrollará analizando los diálogos de Jesús con Poncio Pilatos, la carta de Pablo a los Romanos, y el libro de Daniel, de esta forma se podrá generar una estructura interpretativa coherente del espacio interpretativo de la desobediencia civil.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:Obesity may impede procedural efficacy, namely enucleation, as well as perioperative morbidity in patients undergoing Holmium Laser Enucleation of the Prostate (HoLEP). S...

Background Stent‐retriever thrombectomy is the first‐line therapy in acute stroke with intracranial large vessel occlusion. In case of failure of stent‐retriever thrombectomy, rescue stent angioplasty might be the only treatment option to achieve permanent recanalization. This study aims at identifying predictors for poor outcome and complications in a large, multicenter cohort receiving rescue stent angioplasty. Methods and Results We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with large vessel occlusion who were treated with rescue stent angioplasty after stent‐retriever thrombectomy between 2012 and 2018 in 7 neurovascular centers. We defined 2 binary outcomes: (1) functional clinical outcome (good modified Rankin Scale, 0–2; and poor modified Rankin Scale, 4–6) and (2) early symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage. Impacts of clinical, radiological, and interventional parameters on outcomewere assessed in uni‐ and multivariable logistic regression models. Two hundred ten patients were included with target vessels located within the anterior circulation (136 of 210; 64.8%) and posterior circulation (74 of 210; 35.2%). Symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage occured in 22 patients, 86.4% (19 of 22) after anterior and 13.6% (3 of 22) after posterior circulation large vessel occlusion. Good functional outcome was observed in 44.8% (73 of 163). A higher National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale on admission (adjusted odds ratio, 1.10; P= 0.002), a higher premorbid modified Rankin Scale (adjusted odds ratio, 2.02; P =0.049), and a modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score of 0 to 2a after stenting (adjusted odds ratio, 23.24; P Conclusions Use of rescue stent angioplasty can be considered for acute intracranial large vessel occlusion in cases after unsuccessful stent‐retriever thrombectomy. Likelihood of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage is higher in anterior circulation stroke.

El cuerpo es el lugar en donde se inscribe la subjetividad. No existe subjetividad sin cuerpo. Más allá de las teorías políticas, los estudios sobre esta categoría se abren también a perspectivas que lo conectan con la vida y el deseo. El cuerpo erótico constituye así una deriva que dialoga con las Políticas del Afecto y los Estudios Culturales. Nuestro trabajo parte de un fenómeno, pensado como “artefacto cultural”, que se origina en la música y estalla hacia otros campos generando una productividad. El objetivo del presente artículo es analizar categorías como cuerpo y erotismo y su relación con el bolero, a partir de una figura que constituye una “personalidad de excepción” en quien vida y obra se mezclan para dar lugar a un artefacto cultural: La Lupe. Nuestro corpus está conformado por formatos que permitirán leer esta productividad que representa La Lupe en Latinoamérica durante el siglo XX. Partiremos de las propuestas teóricas de Roger Dadoun sobre erotismo, cuerpo y deseo, y de las discusiones sobre “originalidad” de Gilles Deleuze, en diálogo con diferentes lecturas sobre el bolero que permitirán comprender las categorías anteriores, tomando en cuenta la especificidad que tienen dentro del imaginario latinoamericano.

Channel base currents from natural lightning have been measured on the new top structure of the Peissenberg Tower, Germany, since 2008. Here, an analysis is given of the impulsive currents, called initial continuous current (ICC)-pulses, that occurred during the ICC, and of the impulsive currents, called M-component currents, that occurred during the continuing current following return strokes. It was found that the M-component currents and the ICC-pulses closely resemble each other. The 45 flashes analyzed were exclusively negative upward lightning containing 60 return strokes and 264 impulsive currents (79 M-components and 185 ICC-pulses). A total of 246 (93.2%) impulsive currents were negative ones, and 18 (6.8%) impulsive currents were positive ones. The majority of 83.7% were pure impulsive currents and the minority of 16.3% were combined impulsive currents composed by two or more pure impulsive currents. For the pure impulsive currents, the analysis revealed three different types of waveforms for both the M-component currents and the ICC-pulses. The currents of the first type have a more or less symmetrical wave shape. For the 27 M-component currents and the 103 ICC-pulses (values in parentheses) of the first type, the geometric mean values are 0.7 (0.5) kA for the peak value, 23.9 (24.7) μs for the 10%-to-90% risetime, 101.0 (96.5) μs for the full width at half-maximum (FWHM), and 94.3 (57.1) mC for the transferred charge. The impulsive currents of the second type have a bipolar wave shape with current reversal. For the 31 M-component currents and the 37 ICC-pulses of the second type, the geometric mean values are 0.9 (0.6) kA for the peak value, 11.8 (16.9) μs for the 10%-to-90% risetime, 60.6 (74.7) μs for the FWHM, and −42.4/58.5 (−34.1/26.5) mC for the negative/positive charge of the bipolar pulses. The impulsive currents of the third type have a wave shape, which exhibits a fast rise to peak and a much longer decay to low current values. For the 5 M-component currents and the 18 ICC-pulses of the third type, the geometric mean values are 1.0 (1.2) kA for the current peak, 1.2 (2.9) μs for the 10%-to-90% risetime, 56.8 (29.0) μs for the FWHM, and 44.8 (24.03) mC for the transferred charge.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are emerging as pivotal fine-tuners of cell function in tissue homeostasis and in various pathologies, in particular inflammation. In vivo monitoring of the activity of specific MMPs, therefore, provides high potential for assessing disease progression and tissue function, and manipulation of MMP activity in tissues and whole organisms may further provide a mode of controlling pathological processes. We describe here the synthesis of novel fluorinated and nonfluorinated analogues of a secondary sulfonamide-based lead structure, compound 2, and test their efficacy as in vivo inhibitors and tracers of the gelatinases, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Using a murine neuroinflammatory model, we show that compound 2 is a highly effective in vivo inhibitor of both MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity with little or no adverse effects even after long-term daily oral administration. A fluorescein-labeled derivative compound 17 shows direct binding to activated gelatinases surrounding inflammatory cuffs in the neuroinflammation model and to pancreatic β-cells in the islets of Langerhans, colocalizing with MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity as detected using in situ zymography techniques. These results demonstrate that compound 2 derivatives have potential as in vivo imaging tools and for future development for specific MMP-2 versus MMP-9 probes. Our chemical modifications mainly target the residues directed toward the S1' and S2' pockets and, thereby, provide new information on the structure-activity relationships of this inhibitor type.