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Pro-environmental consumer lifestyle is increasing all over the world, particularly in Indonesia. Many companies and organizations take advantage of this by applying corporate social marketing (CSM) to change their consumer behavior. An example of corporate social marketing (CSM) is the one performed by the Coca Cola Company with its program entitled “Break the Bottle” for Ades. This study was conducted to see how it affected the use of sensory stimulation within a social program related to branding behavior activity applied. Data was obtained by performing experimental research and surveys using questionnaires. The results of this study found that high sensory stimulation had a significant influence on acceptance of branding message through the implementation of branding behavior. However, it only affected the pro-environmental consumers. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that companies need to emphasize the implementation of social programs in delivery of the core of the social message. In addition, companies should also provide information and facilitate audience to perform the behavior in order to increase the audience’s involvement and participation according to the objectives of the social programs.

Background The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the color stability of CAD/CAM Zirconia ceramics following exposure to acidic drink (Coca Cola) and after exposure to staining solution (coffee). Material and Methods All the samples were immersed in different staining solutions over a 28-day test period. A colorimetric evaluation according to the CIE L*a*b* system was performed by a blind trained operator at 7, 14, 21, 28 days of the staining process. Shapiro Wilk test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA were applied to assess significant differences among restorative materials. Paired t-test was applied to test which CIE L*a*b* parameters significantly changed after immersion in staining solutions. Results One week immersion in acidic drink did not cause a perceivable discoloration for all restorative materials (ΔE < 3.3). Subsequent immersion in coffee affected color stability of all Zirconia samples, even if Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA found significant differences among the various restorative materials. Conclusions The ∆Es of CAD/CAM Zirconia ceramics after immersion in coffee varied among the products, but color integrity is not affected by contact with acidic drinks. Key words:CAD/CAM restorative materials, CIE Lab, Zirconia ceramics.

Las campañas globales de publicidad son cada vez más usadas debido a la expansión de mercado y a la existencia de marcas transnacionales, las cuales son adaptadas a los diferentes medios como a diferentes países y culturas. Coca Cola, marca que está presente en 24 millones de puntos de venta en 200 países a nivel mundial, desarrolló en Colombia, en el año 2013, la campaña “The real ice cold Bottle”, la cual ha sido implementada en 6 países hasta el momento. Esta campaña, además de ser vivo ejemplo del Marketing Global, también lo es del Marketing 3.0 que ubica como su centro las preocupaciones del consumidor por el medio ambiente y por el entorno social. ____________ * Según Philip kotler “…marketing 3.0 significa que la empresa no se concentra ya en el consumidor, sino en la persona. El marketing del futuro significa que la responsabilidad corporativa se convierte en el polo opuesto de la rentabilidad” Pasantía de investigación (Publicista)-- Universidad Autónoma de Occidente, 2017 Pregrado Publicista

Externally decorated glassware used for the consumption of beverages, purchased new or sourced second-hand, and including tumblers, beer glasses, shot glasses, wine glasses and jars, has been analysed for Pb and Cd by portable x-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. Out of 197 analyses performed on distinctly different colours and regions of enamelling on 72 products, Pb was detected in 139 cases and among all colours tested, with concentrations ranging from about 40 to 400,000 μg g− 1 (median = 63,000 μg g− 1); Cd was detected in 134 cases and among all colours apart from gold leaf, with concentrations ranging from about 300 to 70,000 μg g− 1 (median = 8460 μg g− 1). The frequent occurrence of these metals is attributed to their use in both the oxidic fluxes and coloured pigments of decorative enamels employed by the glass industry. A standard test involving extraction of the external surface to within 20 mm of the rim (lip area) by 4% acetic acid and subsequent analysis by ICP was applied to selected positive samples (n = 14). Lead concentrations normalised to internal volume exceeded limit values of 0.5 mg L− 1 in all but one case, with concentrations over 100 mg L− 1 returned by three products. Cadmium concentrations exceeded limit values of 4 mg L− 1 in five cases, with a maximum concentration of about 40 mg L− 1. Repeating the experiment on five positive samples using a carbonated drink (Coca Cola Classic) resulted in lower extractable concentrations but non-compliance for Pb in all cases. The presence of high concentrations of total and extractable Pb and Cd in the decorated lip areas of a wide range of products manufactured in both China and Europe is cause for concern from a health and safety perspective.

Objective: To report a rare case of hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis induced by the heavy and prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages, and its uneventful recovery after kalemia normalization. Methods: We report a 38-year-old Caucasian male presented in our emergency room with a recent and progressive weakness of the lower limbs proximal muscles. Results: A dietary history revealed a prolonged ingestion of cola-based beverages. Blood tests showed severe hypokalemia and marked increase in serum creatine phosphokinase. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid resulted normal. Electromyography was suggestive for a myopathy. The clinical, laboratory and neurophysiological data were evocative for a cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. After kalemia normalization, the improvements of the electromyographic findings paralleled the clinical recovery. Conclusion: Chronic consumption of large amount of cola-based soft drinks may result in severe symptomatic hypokalemia, eventually leading in turn to myopathy. To our knowledge, this is the first description of the electromyographic findings of the cola-induced hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. An early diagnosis and a prompt treatment appear to be crucial for a benign clinical course.

Selling sugary drinks at Christmas I suppose we should have realised that Coca-Cola was up to something when it opened a head office next to the Royal Society of Medicine in Wimpole Street. The path of associating unhealthy products with health, wellbeing, and healthy lifestyles is one that has been well trodden down the years by the tobacco industry. The lessons have not been lost on Coca-Cola. In fact, you could argue that Coca-Cola started even earlier than tobacco.1 And the stakes have never been higher for the UK sugary drinks industry. In October 2015, Public Health England (PHE) published a report stating that not only is the consumption of sugar sweetened drinks particularly high in school age children but tends to be highest among the most disadvantaged.2 It suggested the introduction of a tax or levy on full sugar soft drinks. In August 2016, the government did just this, announcing a soft drinks …

En la presente investigación se propone un análisis de las características semióticas de una imagen publicitaria de Coca Cola, que inciden en la interpretación que tres estudiantes universitarios realizan del mismo. Por medio del análisis semiótico de dicha imagen se busca conocer las diferentes opiniones, perspectivas, suposiciones e ideas que esta genera en los sujetos. Desde la psicología cognitiva se ha buscado responder a la inquietante pregunta de cómo los seres humanos construyen conocimiento, considerando este como un proceso dinámico y cambiante, que varía en cada sujeto; ya que cada persona realiza una interpretación y reinterpretación del mundo a su alrededor, la cual depende de los significados y sentidos que emergen fruto de la relación que establece con los otros y con su entorno.

In this chapter I describe the birth of a curious mechanical device called Vibrot, designed “on the side” while the main experiment I was attempting was giving frustrating results. It happened during a visit to a Spanish university thanks to the invitation of colleagues specialized in the dynamics of granular matter. Curiously enough, while the work started in that ocassion with top-quality equipment, we ended up doing research in the most classical “guerrilla-science” style!

The 140-character message limit has defined Twitter. But the company is now experimenting with its format, doubling the length of some users’ tweets to 280 characters. Why are they taking such an enormous risk, playing with the characteristic that defines and differentiates the service?

This case is used in Darden's course elective on managing corporate communications. It offers students a concise history of The Coca-Cola Company's (TCCC's) brand history before focusing on the importance that TCCC's Office of Sustainability currently plays in the communications strategy for the brand. The case analyzes how the Office of Sustainability works both locally and globally to partner in innovative ways with stakeholders along the entire supply chain, working together to lessen the environmental impact of TCCC's business. Excerpt UVA-BC-0262 Dec. 21, 2015 Sustainability at The Coca-Cola Company in a New Era of Brand Building I'm convinced that some of the most important business breakthroughs will be sustainability innovations. That's where I believe the action will be—and where we're moving at Coca-Cola. —Muhtar Kent, CEO and Chairman Where we are going is further embedding sustainability across our business. . . .

Son dönemde reklamcılık alanında büyük değişimlerin yaşandığı görülmektedir. Bu değişimlere neden olan en etkili akımlardan birisi globalizasyondur. Globalizasyonla yeniden şekillenen ekonomik dinamikler, uluslararası markaların stratejilerinde radikal değişiklikler yapmalarını gerektirmiştir. Bu çalışmada markaların globalizasyon sürecinde hazırladıkları reklamların süreç içerisinde geçirdikleri değişimleri gözlemlemek için global bir marka olan Coca-Cola'nın Türkiye pazarı için hazırladığı televizyon reklamları incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın amacı global yaklaşımlar kapsamında Coca-Cola markasının global kimliğini korumak için dönemin oluşturduğu koşullar bağlamında lokal değerleri reklamlarında bir gereklilik olarak kullandığını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, 1986-2017 yılları arasından amaçsal örneklem tekniği ile seçilmiş olan toplam 31 televizyon reklamı söylen, ön plana çıkan sosyal yapı öğeleri, ön plana çıkan global ve kültürel değerler, reklamlarda yer alan oyuncuların yaş aralıkları ve lokalize edilmiş reklam öğeleri çerçevesinde analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler, reklamlardaki global içeriklerin zaman içerisinde farklı beklentileri karşılayabilmek için lokal değerleri gözeterek glokal olgusunu ortaya çıkardığı ve bu olgunun global markaların reklam stratejilerinde odak noktası haline geldiğini ortaya koymuştur.Anahtar sözcükler: globalizasyon, lokalizasyon, glokalizasyon, reklam, söylen,göstergebilim, Coca-Cola Great changes have been observed during recent years in the area of advertising. One of the most influential movements causing these changes is globalization. The economic dynamics reshaped by globalization forced the international brands to make some alterations in their strategies. This study aims to observe the transformations undergone during the globalization process by the advertisements of brands. Regarding this purpose, global brand Coca-Cola's TV advertisements released in Turkish market suggest an appropriate example for analysis. The objective of this study is to show that following the global trends, Coca-Cola has used the local values within the context of the period's circumstances in order to protect its global identity. In accordance with this objective, 31 TV advertisements between the years of 1986-2017 have been selected through purposive sampling technique. These advertisements have been analyzed within the framework of myths, age intervals of actors starring in the advertisements, localized elements, prevailing social structure elements and global and cultural values. The conducted analysis reveal that the global content in these advertisements has formed, through preservation of local values, the notion of glocal in order to meet varied expectations. Finally, the results assert that the notion of `glocal` has become the focal point of global brand's advertising strategies.Keywords: globalization, localization, glocalization, advertisement, myth, semiology,Coca-Cola 256

Yirminci yüzyıl iletişim teknolojilerinin çok hızlı gelişme ve ilerlemelerine sahne olmuştur.Özellikle bilgisayar teknolojilerindeki gelişmeler;bilgi, bilgi işlem, iletişim ve medya sektörlerinin yakınlaşmaları ile adeta içiçe geçmelerini zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu yakınlaşma ve içiçe geçme sonucunda da; kitle iletişimini sağlayan geleneksel medyanın dışında hem geleneksel medya araç ve mecralarını kullanan hem de kendine özgü yeni araç ve yeni iletişim ortamları oluşturan `Yeni Medya` kavramı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bilgi, bilgi işlem, iletişim ve medya sektörlerinin yakınlaşmaları sonucu oluşan yeni medya kavramını olanaklı kılan gelişme ise adı geçen bu alanların yapılandırılmalarını sayısal (Dijital) teknolojiye oturtmuş olmalarıdır.Sayısal teknoloji ile yazılı metin,ses,resim ve hareketli görüntü verilerini bilgisayar diline (yazılım/program) dönüştürerek yine bilgisayar aracılığı ile iletişimde kullanılmasıdır. Sayısal teknoloji temel alınarak bilgisayar,uydu,veri depolama ve hızlı iletim teknolojileride yeni medyanın gelişmesine olanak ve destek sağlayan diğer teknolojilerdir.İletişimin sayısal teknolojiyi kullanarak hızlandırılması;gönderim ve gönderimlere verilen yanıtların karşılıklı olarak hız kazanması iletişimde etkileşim kavramını beraberinde getirmiştir. Mesajı gönderen ve alanın karşılıklı olarak birbirini etkileme işlevi olan etkileşim;kişi ile kişi,kişi ile kurum/grup,kurum ile kişi,kurum ile kurum,kurum ile grup,bilgisayar ile kişi/grup arasında bilgisayar,bilgi işlem ve ağ araçları aracılığı ile anlık ya da eş zamanlı,tek yönlü ve karşılıklı olarak gerçekleştirilebilinir.Yeni medya kendine özgü teknolojisini kullanan etkileşimli araçları sayesinde karşılıklı hızlı iletişim sağlama ve hedefin ikna edilmesi sürecini kolaylaştırdığından kurum ve kuruluşlarca tercih edilerek üstünlük ve önem kazanmaktadır.İletişim teknolojilerinin gelişim süreci sonucunda yaşanan değişim ve dönüşüm,internetin hızla yaygınlaşması ve giderek artan kullanımı,sürekli gelişen yeni medya iletişim araçları toplumsal yaşamımızı biçimlendiren reklam formatlarınında yapısını değiştirmiş ve ` Etkileşimli Reklam` kavramı gündeme gelmiştir.Yeni medya özellikle etkileşimli reklamlar aracılığı ile etkili ve gerçeklik duygusu tam,zaman ve mekan üstü bir iletişim ortamı sunarak,tüketiciyi hızla etkilemeyi hedefleyen reklam uygulamaları ile reklam veren tarafından da önemsenen yeni reklam ortamı oluşturmakta,tüketicinin dikkatini markaya çekerek belleğine yerleşecek,satın alma davranışlarını değiştirecek yaratıcı, ilginç, etkileşimli reklam stratejileri uygulamaktadır. Bu uygulamaları etkileşimli, dijital araçlarla gerçekleştiren yeni medya için artık araçlarda üstlendikleri işlevleri ile mesaj'ın kendisi olma konumundadır. Yeni medya araçlarının kullandığı iletişim teknolojisi ve yeni reklam ortamlarının akıllı teknolojiye sahip araçları bireye ve kitleye sunulan mesaj ve içeriğin biçimini etkilerken, mesajın iletilmesinde kullanılan araç da bu mesajın ve bilginin algılanış biçimini etkilemektedir. Çağımızın önemli iletişimcilerinden Marshall McLuhan, bu etkileşimi `araç mesajdır` olarak tanımlamaktadır. Hedef kitleye etkileşimli reklam ile mesajlarını farklı reklam ortamlarında, farklı araçlarla sunarak kitleye yine farklı marka deneyimleri sunan uygulamalar, marka bağlılığını aktifleştirmeye çalışıp, bilinçli tüketici oluşturmaya mesajı taşıyan ve aynı anda marka/ürünü de sunan bir araç-mesaj ile katkıda bulunmaktadırlar.Günümüz pazarlama iletişiminde yeni medyada ki etkileşimli reklam uygulamaları ve araçları; gücü elinde bulunduran, yeni tüketicinin tüm ilgisini çekme ve onu yönlendirme amaçlı olarak marka, kuruluş ve hizmet'in başvurduğu ve kullandığı araç-mesaj olarak artan bir ilgi görmektedir. Bu çalışmanın teorik çerçevesini belirlerken ,amacımı ve savımı şu ifade ile açıklayabilirim; `Yeni medyanın birey ve kitlelere ulaşırken kullandığı ileri iletişim teknolojilerine sahip, akıllı olarak nitelendirilen elektronik bilgi işlem ve iletişim araçları sunulan mesaj ve içeriğin biçimini etkileyip belirler, mesajın iletilmesinde kullanılan araç; mesajın ve bilginin algılanışını etkilemekte, araç; iletişim sırasında sağladıklarından ötürü mesajın bütün özelliklerini yapısında topladığından mesajın kendisi olmaktadır. Bir dünya markası olan Coca -Cola kitlesine ulaştırmak istediği mesajı `Sevgililer Günü Makinası` adı verilen bir araç aracılığı ile başarılı biçimde iletmiş, marka ve ürünün tüketiciye vermesi gereken mesaj bu araç sayesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmamızda `Araç Mesajdır` kavramının etkileşimli reklam aracılığı ile ve Sevgililer Günü makinası uygulaması ile nasıl başarılı olduğu ayrıntıları ile incelenmiş ve işlenmiştir.` Bu çalışmada ;yeni medya içinde etkileşim boyutu ile birlikte, yeni medya uygulamaları açısından etkileşimli reklam ve özellikleri işlenmektedir, buna bağlı olarak etkileşimli reklamın farklılaşması için yeni arayışlar sonucu ve farklı reklam ortamında kullanıma sokulan etkileşimli bir reklam aracı olan ve özgün işlevi ile tüketici için `araç`olmanın yanı sıra aynı anda`mesaj`a dönüşen `Coca-Colanın Sevgililer Günü Makinası`nda ki etkileşim düşüncesi ve uygulama aşamaları birlikte ele alınmakta ve Coca-Cola'nın Sevgililer Günü Makinası ile bir `araç`ın, nasıl `mesaj` olabileceği incelenerek ortaya çıkarılmaktadır.Anahtar Kelimeler : Yeni Medya, Etkileşim, Etkileşimli Reklam The 20th century has seen a very rapid development and progress of communication technologies. Especially the developments in computer technologies have forced information, information processing, communication and media industries to converge towards each other and be engaged closely. As a result of this convergence and engagement, apart from the traditional media that provide mass communication, the concept of `New Media` has emerged, which uses traditional media tools and channels as well as creating its own new tools and communication media. The development that enables the concept of new media which has emerged upon convergence of information, information processing, communication and media industries is that the aforementioned fields have grounded their configurations on digital technology. Digital technology is the use of written text, audio, image and motion pictures, which converted into computer language (software/program), in communication through computer. Among others that enable and support the development of new media are computer, satellite, data storage and rapid transmission technologies based on digital technology. Accelerating communication through digital technology, and mutual speed-up of transmissions and responses to these transmissions has brought along the concept of interaction in communication. Interaction, which is the mutual interacting function performed by sender and receiver, can be carried out instantly or concurrently, unilaterally and mutually between one person and another person, one person and one institution/group, one institution and one person, one institution and another institution, one institution and one group, one computer and one person/group via computer, information processing and network tools.New media is preferred by institutions and organizations, and gains importance and prominence as it facilitates the process of providing mutual rapid communication and convincing the target thanks to its interactive tools using its own technology. Change and transformation experienced as a result of development process of communication technologies; widespread access and ever-increasing usage of Internet; ever-growing new media communication mediums have reshaped its structure in advertising formats that form our social life, and have brought up the concept of `Interactive Advertising`. New media, especially through interactive advertising, creates a new advertising media which is also highly regarded by the advertiser with advertising implementations aiming at rapidly influencing the consumers by offering an efficient, timeless and non-spatial communication media that incorporates full sense of reality; and implements creative, attention-grabbing, interactive advertising strategies that will jog the consumers' memory and change their purchasing behavior by drawing their attention to the brand. Mediums are also in the position of becoming the `message` itself with the functions they support for the new media which carries out these implementations through interactive and digital mediums. The communication technology used by new media tools and the tools of smart technology of new advertising media influence the format of messages and contents presented to the individual and the mass, while the tool used to transmit the message affects the way this message and information are perceived. Marshall McLuhan, one of the leading communication professionals of our era, defines this interaction as `The medium is the message`. Implementations presenting their message and different brand experiences to the target audience with various mediums in different advertising media through interactive advertising try to activate brand loyalty and contribute to creating conscious consumers via a medium-message that conveys the message as well as presenting the brand/product at the same time. Interactive advertising implementations and mediums of new media used in today's marketing communication gain an increasing attention as medium-message leveraged by brands, institutions and services that hold the power with the aim of attracting the whole attention of new consumers and directing them. When I determine the theoretical framework of this study, I can explain my aim and argument as follows; `Electronic information processing and communication mediums that are qualified as smart and have the advanced communication technologies used to reach individuals and the mass by the new media influence and determine the format of the message and content transmitted; the medium used to transmit the message affects the way the message and information are perceived; and the medium becomes the message itself as it embodies all characteristics of the message in its structure due to all the components it provides during communication. Coca -Cola, a world brand, has successfully transmitted its message to its audience through a medium named `Valentine's Day Machine`, and the message that needs to be conveyed to the consumers by the brand and product has been recognized thanks to this medium. In our study, it has been discussed and covered in detail how the concept of `The medium is the message` succeeds through interactive advertising and Valentine's Day machine implementation.` The new media, including the interaction aspect, interactive advertising and its characteristics in terms of new media implementations have been discussed in this study. In parallel with this discussion, the interaction idea embedded in Coca Cola's `Valentine's Day Machine` and its implementation phases have been covered together, and it has been researched and revealed how a medium turns into the `message` in consideration of the Valentine's Day Machine implemented by Coca Cola, which has become the message itself as well as being the medium for the consumers thanks to its genuine function engaged in different advertising media in pursuit of changing the interactive advertising.Key Words : New Media, Interaction, Interactive Ad 128

Foodborne nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn great attention due to human health concerns. This study reports the detection of the presence of fluorescent NPs, about 5 nm, in two of the most popular beverages, Coca-Cola (Coke) and Pepsi-Cola (Pepsi). The NPs contain H, C and O, three elements with a tunable emission and with a quantum yield of 3.3 and 4.3% for Coke and Pepsi, respectively. The presence of sp3-hybridized carbon atoms of alcohols and ethers bonds was confirmed by NMR analysis. The NPs can be taken up by living cells and accumulate within cell membrane and cytoplasm. Evaluation of the acute toxicity of the NPs revealed that the BALB/c mice appeared healthy after administration of a single dose of 2 g kg−1 body weight. Analysis of glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), urea and creatinine showed that there were statistically, but not biologically, significant differences in some of these biochemical parameters between the test and control groups. No obvious organ damage or apparent histopathological abnormality was observed in the tested mice. The biodistribution study in major organs indicated that the NPs were easily accumulated in the digestive tract, and they were able to cross the blood–brain barrier and dispersed in the brain. In vitro digestion of the NPs showed a significant fluorescence quenching of the NPs. This work represents the first report of foodborne fluorescent NPs present in Coke and Pepsi, and provides valuable insights into physicochemical properties of these NPs and their toxicity characteristics both in vitro and in vivo.

Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi -- Kaynakça var. Yaşadığımız çağa iyice nüfuz etmiş olan reklamlar, toplumsal hayat üzerinde etkili olan araçlardan biridir. Önemli bir temsil aracı olarak reklamlar, yarattıkları söylemler ile kitlelere başka anlamlar dünyası sunmaktadır. Doğu ve Batı üzerinde yüzyıllardır medyanın oluşturduğu algı ve ‘öteki’ni yaratma sürecine katkıda bulunan disiplinlerden biri de reklamlar olmuştur. Oryantalist Batı’nın gözüyle Doğu’ya bakan ve kendi ‘öteki’lerini yaratan Doğuluların re-oryantalizm sürecinde reklamları etkili bir araç olarak kullandıkları görülmektedir. Zaman zaman oryantalist ve re-oryantalist söylemin can bulduğu reklamlar kitlelerin zihinlerindeki algıları güçlendirme ve değiştirmede fazlasıyla etkili olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada reklamlardaki oryantalist söylem, re-oryantalist söylem, Doğu, Batı ve ‘öteki’ kavramları incelenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Türk Hava Yolları ‘Hayal Edince’ ve Coca Cola ‘The Coke Chase’ reklamları seçilerek, göstergebilimsel analiz yapılmıştır. Every culture has a different ‘self’ and ‘other’ marginalization in itself. In every era, each society has re-created its own ‘others’. Therefore, the identity of ‘self’ and the ‘other’ has been defined over and over again. Orientalism, which can be described as images of the West in terms of the East, or perception of the East through words and imagery created within the West's own institutions. The media is directly involved in the process of otherization. One of the media tools that contribute to this process from time to time is advertising, because it is seen as a means of communication in the ways of life, customs, attitudes, mindsets and values of people. For the last few decades, orientalism and reorientalism have continued to influence discussion in advertisements. The article is based on an analysis of two advertisements as Turkish Airlines ‘When Imagined’ and Coca Cola ‘The Coke Chase’. And the study approaches to advertisements not just as a tool for the promotion of goods but it also determines boundaries between “self and the other” from time to time. In the study, within the semiotic analysis the characteristic of the ‘other’, the dominant orientalist, and re-orientalist facts is examined in the discourse. ÖZET, ii -- ABSTRACT, iii -- TABLOLAR LİSTESİ, vi -- ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ, vii -- KISALTMALAR, viii -- GİRİŞ, 1 -- 1. BEN ve ÖTEKİ, 2 -- 1.1. Öteki Kavramı Üzerine Genel Bir Bakış, 3 -- 1.2. Ben ve Öteki İlişkisi, 8 -- 1.3. Öteki Söyleminin Kurulması, 14 -- 1.3.1. Kimlik, 15 -- 1.3.2. Önyargı, 17 -- 1.3.3. Stereotip, 19 -- 1.3.3.1. Evrenselcilik, 20 -- 1.3.3.2. Çokkültürlülük, 21 -- 1.3.3.3. Etnosantrizm, 23 -- 2. ORYANTALİZM ve RE-ORYANTALİZM, 25 -- 2.1. Doğu ve Batı Üzerine, 26 -- 2.2. Kavramsal Açıdan Oryantalizm, 36 -- 2.3. Said’den Önce ve Sonra Oryantalizm, 44 -- 2.3.1. Said’in Kuramsal Temelleri, 44 -- 2.3.2. Said’in Oryantalizmi, 46 -- 2.4. Re-oryantalizm Kavramı, 48 -- 2.4.1. Türkiye’de Re-oryantalizm, 50 -- 3. REKLAMLARDA ORYANTALİST ve RE-ORYANTALİST SÖYLEM, 55 -- 3.1. Söylem Kavramı, 55 -- 3.2. Reklamda Temsil Kavramı Üzerine, 58 -- 3.2.1. Temsil Kavramı, 59 -- 3.2.1.1 Temsili Yaratan Kavramlar, 60 -- 3.2.1.1.1. İmge, 61 -- 3.2.1.1.2. Sembol, 62 -- 3.2.1.1.3. Mit, 62 -- 3.2.1.1.4. Stereotip, 64 -- 3.2.2. Reklamda Temsil, 65 -- 3.3. Reklamın Toplumsal Etkisi, 66 -- 3.4. Reklamın Doğusu Batısı, 69 -- 3.5. Reklamın Oryantalist ve Re-oryantalist Yaklaşımı, 71 -- 4. COCA-COLA ve TÜRK HAVA YOLLARI REKLAMLARI ÖRNEĞİ, 82 -- 4.1. Göstergebilimsel Çözümleme, 82 -- 4.1.1. Roland Barthes ve Göstergebilim, 84 -- 4.2. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Amacı, 89 -- 4.3. Coca Cola “The Coke Chase” Başlıklı Reklamın Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi, 90 -- 4.4. Türk Hava Yolları ‘Hayal Edince’ Başlıklı Reklamın Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi, 103 -- SONUÇ, 118 -- KAYNAKÇA, 123

In this paper, we decompose the CAPM equity beta for Coca-Cola and Pepsi (KOPEP) to show the industry component and the operating leverage and the financial leverage components for the period from 2004 to 2012. We compute the CAPM equity betas using a standard five year, sixty month, regression between returns for KOPEP using the S&P500 as the market index. We adjust for financial leverage using the Hamada (1969) methodology and we adjust for operating leverage using the degree of operating leverage (DOL). The average business beta for Coca-Cola is 0.1882 and the average business beta for Pepsico is 0.1369. Over the period of this analysis, Coca-Cola has had a business beta slightly higher than the business beta for Pepsico.

In this article, I put under scrutiny the Coca-Cola Company’s Christmas commercial of happiness that featured the Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and their transnational experience marked by longi...

This study aims to reveal multinational company managers’ perceptions of cultural difference management. For this purpose, data was collected by means of structured questionnaires and question forms, and the findings were analysed. The research universe covers the multinationals operating in Ankara. The companies in the research sample are: Coca Cola, MAN Turkiye A.S., Siemens, Real, Metro, CarrefourSA, Media Markt, IKEA, and Bauhaus. The research findings suggest that multinational company managers are aware of cultural differences, along with their advantages and disadvantages, that they believe in their significance for the advantages, and that they have the skills to turn cultural differences into advantages.

10th International Strategic Management Conference -- JUN 19-21, 2014 -- Rome, ITALY WOS: 000346089700051 Consumer behavior, divided into utilitarian and hedonistic factors, forms the basis of many studies looking at the concept of brand equity and its dimensions. Based on a comparison between Turkey and UK respondents, this study focuses on the idea that the brand equity significantly differs according to the consumption types which, in turn, are affected by the brand equity dimensions. The survey for this study is conducted on 218 consumers over both countries between February and March 2014. The data obtained are analyzed through the SPSS statistical program. The results show that the utilitarian consumer behavior has the highest effect on the brand equity for Coca Cola; and the perceived quality, which is found to be the significant for the Turkey respondents, is the most important determinant for both variables. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Int Strateg Management & Managers Assoc

The study has helped me to measure the consumer awareness and impact of Advertisement on consumer buying decision. Study has made me to identify and understand the role of different media channels in advertising strategy. The coke advertisements are understandable and genuine. The large participants in the study said that they read coke ad in Eenadu. Star Gold occupied the first place in Hindi TV Channels and Teja TV stood first in Telugu T V channels. Though the Company performance is good it should pay more attention on designing innovative and unique advertisements.

This research tend to evaluate the marketing strategies make use of by Coca Cola Company in Overseas market particularly Nigeria. The four (4) basic marketing strategies which are commonly called the 4ps which denote price, product, promotion and place are exceedingly used by Coca Cola Company in Nigeria. Coca Cola Company strategy of sales was price penetration where low price are charged and the company attends large market as possible. Unlike price skimming where higher price are charged. Product strategy was strongly applied such as the modification of its product as well as after sales services which all help to facilitate the marketing of the product. Promotion strategy which includes the sales promotion, technological change and advertisement were all used by coca cola Company in the marketing of its product in Nigeria. Finally place strategy which involve selection of distribution channels, transport arrangement etc which are very essential to the corporation was used. For example coca cola Company have twelve (12) factory plants, sixty (60) depots and over four hundred thousand (400,000) dealers or retailers of coca cola product in Nigeria.

PT. Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia (CC A I) is a company engaged in the manufacture of soft drinks agro-industry. In the process of production of PT. CCAI has decreased the amount of production in 2013. To overcome this problem, researchers interested in more depth about the function of the simplex method for optimal production quantities and the maximum income that can be obtained by PT. CCAI.Simplex method is a method of solving problems through recalculation linear program (iteration) which measures the same calculation is repeated many times before the optimum solution is achieved. Simplex method is used to solve the case with many decision variables. In this study, the calculation of the simplex method using software lingo10, variable objective function simplex method in this study is the selling price of the product, raw material concentrates, sugar raw materials, raw materials and raw materials CO2 syrup . From the calculations have been done obtained optimal production quantities which produces Coca Cola 295ml many as 440547.8 crates / year, as many as 44604.35 crates Sprite 295ml / 220ml Frestea year and as many as 464847.8 crates / year so thatthe maximum income to be obtained by the company amounted to USD 2.235097 billion . Keywords: production, simplex method, revenue, software lingo10

In the 1870s, Joseph Jacobs was employed as an apprentice in the Longs and Billups pharmacy in Athens, GA. Jacobs later established a chain of pharmacies in Atlanta, GA. Coca-Cola was first sold to the public on May 8, 1886, at Jacobs’ Pharmacy in the Five Points district of Atlanta, GA. The soda fountain in Jacobs’ Pharmacy was owned by Willis E. Venable, who was related to James M. Venable, the first patient etherized by Crawford Long in Jefferson, GA.

The purpose of this report is to introduce and analyze risk factors of PepsiCo and Coca-Cola. By identifying the internal factors involving strategy, information system, contracts and governance and the external factors which include economy, law, customers preference and competitive environment of the two companies, the similarities and differences are given. Then risk taxonomy and analysis are given. In the end, some advice about reducing financial risk are given.

Near ambient pressure-x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (NAP-XPS) is a less traditional form of XPS that allows samples to be analyzed at relatively high pressures, i.e., at ca. 2500 Pa, or higher in some cases. With NAP-XPS, XPS can probe moderately volatile liquids, biological samples, porous materials, and/or polymeric materials that outgas significantly. In this submission, we show an NAP-XPS survey spectrum, and also O 1s and C 1s narrow scans, of a commercial soft drink, Coca-Cola. Clearly this is a material that could not be analyzed at moderate pressures by conventional XPS. The C 1s narrow scan is fit to five synthetic components. The O 1s narrow scan shows strong contributions from both liquid and gas phase water. A small N 1s signal in the survey spectrum is attributed to background nitrogen. The shape of the uniqueness plot corresponding to the C 1s fit suggests that the fit parameters are statistically significant.

Coca-Cola might be able to suppress unfavourable findings from health research it funds at public universities in the United States and Canada, a new study has found.1 Researchers studied over 87 000 documents obtained through freedom of information requests and found several clauses that allow the drinks giant to terminate research projects without reason and walk away with the data. Coca-Cola funds research in the fields of nutrition, physical inactivity, and energy balance. It publishes a list of the funding it has allocated from 2010 to the present on its transparency website.2 The research team, from the University of Cambridge, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, the University of Bocconi, and non-profit group US …

Correspondence between the Coca-Cola Company and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has revealed Coke’s efforts to influence the agency’s approach to tackling obesity, a new study has found. Published in the Milbank Quarterly ,1 the paper said that emails reveal Coke’s interest in “gaining access to CDC employees, to lobby policymakers, and to frame the obesity debate by shifting attention and blame away from sugar-sweetened beverages.” The emails also demonstrate Coke’s efforts to “advance corporate objectives, rather than health, including to influence the World Health Organization,” says the study. The paper follows an investigation published by The BMJ last month,2 which showed how Coke had shaped obesity science and steered public health policy towards its own interests in China. The latest study was based on emails …

Introduction: The common problem during the orthodontic treatment is debonding of brackets which leads to failure of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of four soft drinks (Coca-Cola, 7Up, Tropicana orange, minute maid apple juice) on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Aim: To evaluate shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets cemented to natural teeth treated with various soft drinks. Materials and Method: A total of 50 extracted human premolars were collected and stored in normal saline solution. They were cleaned and cemented with edge wise stainless steel brackets using composite. Then they were cycled in the said four soft drinks for 2 hours up to 7 days. The samples were tested for their shear bond strength using Universal testing machine (INSTRON) with a cross head speed of 0.5mm/min. The values were tabulated and analyzed statistically using ANOVA. Results: The lowest mean resistance to shearing forces was shown by control group (18.74 ± 5.15 Mpa) followed by 7Up group (20.17 ± 6.76 Mpa), orange juice group (21.79 ± 5.15 Mpa), Coca Cola group (24.58 ± = 11.68 Mpa) and highest resistance to shearing forces by apple juice group (26.04 ± 1.31 Mpa). There was no statistically significant difference among the groups. Conclusion: No significant differences were observed in bond strength of the teeth among the different groups suggesting that consumption of soft drinks after cementation of orthodontic brackets do not significantly affect in de-bonding the brackets.

Summary The aim of the present in vitro study was the evaluation of new formulation toothpastes on preventing enamel erosion produced by a soft drink (Coca Cola), using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fifty enamel specimens were assigned to 10 groups of 5 specimens each. 1: intact enamel, 2: enamel + soft drink, 3: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 4: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, 5: intact enamel + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, 6: enamel + soft drink + BioRepair Plus-Total Protection, group 7: intact enamel + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 8: dentin + soft drink + Sensodyne Repair & Protect, 9: intact dentin + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief, 10: dentin + soft drink + Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief. The surface of each specimen was imaged by AFM and SEM. The root mean-square roughness (Rrms) was obtained from the AFM images and the differences in the averaged values among the groups were analyzed by ANOVA test. Comparing groups 4, 6, 8, 10 (soft drink + toothpastes) Colgate Sensitive Pro Relief promoted enamel remineralization, while BioRepair Plus-Sensitive Teeth, Biorepair Plus-Total Protection and Sensodyne Repair & Protect provided lower effectiveness in protecting enamel against erosion. Significance: the use of new formulation toothpastes can prevent enamel demineralization. SCANNING 36:401–410, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Our laboratory recently reported that a 3-month exposure of rats to cola-like beverages induced sex hormone changes. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of various types of Coca-cola intake with different composition for 6 months on oxidative status in testes and testosterone in adult male rats. Fifty adult male Wistar rats were divided into control group drinking water, and groups drinking different Coca-cola beverages (regular Coca-cola, Coca-cola caffeine-free, Coca-cola Light and Coca-cola Zero). Oxidative and carbonyl stress markers were measured in the testicular tissue to assess oxidative status together with testicular and plasma testosterone. StAR expression in testes as a marker of steroidogenesis was quantified. No significant differences were found between the groups in any of the measured parameters. In conclusion, oxidative and carbonyl stress in testicular tissue were not influenced by drinking any type of Coca-cola. Additionally, testosterone in testes and in plasma, as well as testicular StAR expression were comparable among the groups.

To eliminate or destroy the negative effects of the environmental damage caused by the enterprises is even more necessary considering that the environmental issue today is a relevant social problem. An additional cost caused by the environmental adequacy can be identified by the use of the Environmental Management System (EMS), this research’s aim is map the costs with control, prevention and recovery of the environmental using the adopted EMS. The descriptive research was developed by a case study in a Coca Cola industry, because this is one of the sectors that the environmental variable is highlighted due of the huge competitive in the globalized market. The information was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interview and the results shows that the identification and account of the environmental costs is supported on the implanted EMS. It was concluded that in the SAP system, the representative account of the costs with preservation and recovery of the productive chain are classified as the indirect costs of manufacture and are in the final product. The costs are with qualification program of suppliers and employees, soot control, treatment of industry effluents, destination of industrial waste, water recovery and coal, sand and rinser filters, investigation of soil contamination and tests and measures of contamination levels - Due Dilligence in lands.

Purpose – The purpose of this article is to broaden our understanding of the relationship between footholds and feints, particularly within a context of judo strategy, and propose a framework whereby organizational decision makers might differentiate foothold attacks from strategic feints as competitive moves. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used utilized an inductive approach to framework development using an in-depth case study for contextual explanation of firm rivalry between Nectar and Coca Cola in the Balkans region. To identify the framework dimensions, the paper integrated real options reasoning with game-theoretic and competitive dynamics perspectives. It also used a market multiples approach to conduct a retrospective valuation analysis to support our framework. Findings – The examination of the competitive interplay between Nectar and Coke in the Balkans region provides meaningful intimation of the linkages between foothold moves, feints, and judo strategy techniques. Based on insights from the case, we develop a framework for practical differentiation of foothold attacks from feints. Research limitations/implications – A limiting factor is that only a case approach to framework development was used. However, we accept that the framework dimensions could have been identified using other methods. Another limiting factor is that our analysis only considered foothold moves for the geographic markets, but not for product markets. Practical implications – The paper offers management practitioners an operative framework for differentiating foothold attacks from strategic feints. Originality/value – This unique contribution is the development of an operable framework for practical differentiation of competitive foothold attacks from feints. The extant literature offers no guidance as to how one might differentiate a true foothold attack from a feint. The ability to do so from a competitive standpoint could prove profound for firm success.

This study aims to analyze the influence of corporate social responsibility (CSR), on the brand image of PT Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia Tbk. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study is the community around the conservation of turtles who know and follow the CSR program conducted by PT Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia Tbk. Sampling based on non-probability sampling method with purposive sampling technique with the number of 99 respondents. Data analysis used is simple regression and hypothesis test by using F test and t test. The results of this study indicate that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program has a significant impact 41,6% on the brand image of PT Coca Cola Amatil Indonesia Tbk. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility, Brand Image, Kuta Beach Sea Turtle Conservation

"Do pastors drink Coca Cola?" Pastors in German Literature after 1945. The article gives an overview on literary figures of pastors in that period up to the latest novels. In front of the background of this genre during the 19th century, they may have become less central, yet nevertheless interesting figures with all normalities and ambivalences of other humans.

PurposeAnalyzing the memorandum of cooperation conducted between Coca‐Cola HBC Serbia AD Zemun and the Faculty of Organizational Sciences (FOS), University of Belgrade, the purpose of this paper is to demonstrate which multinational companies invest in education. The importance of cooperation is emphasized, since cooperation has indirect effects on corporate social responsibility and the external positioning of the Faculty of Organizational Sciences and Coca‐Cola, promoting direct cooperation between institutions and education.Design/methodology/approachThe analyses are based primarily on analysis of a memorandum of cooperation signed between Coca‐Cola Hellenic and the FOS in the presence of Serbian government representatives. Other Serbian legislative acts are discussed that allow the operation of multinational companies in Serbia, providing cooperation process transparency related to higher education.FindingsThis article points out which forms of cooperation exist between Coca‐Cola and educational institutions in Serbia, the effects of such cooperation, and the benefits to local staff development, especially community development.Originality/valueThe article is based on a special memorandum on cooperation that enables familiarity development with concrete investments by multinational companies in education in Serbia. Positive outcomes of such an investment are discussed.

The most valuable brand in the world is still "Coca Cola", and the highest increase was recorded value "Apple" because that's who entered the top ten most valuable brands. Coca-Cola HBC Serbia makes a significant contribution to the local economy. In three bottling plants, distribution centers and sales offices in Serbia and employ over 1500 people. Taxes that are paid regularly Serbian authorities are yet another way of contribution to the national economy.

To investigate the mechanism of phytobezoar dissolution by Coca-Cola(®), persimmon phytobezoar pieces removed from a 60-year-old Japanese woman were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The amount of calcium significantly decreased after dissolution treatment using Coca-Cola(®), suggesting a potential contribution of calcium to dissolution mechanisms. Moreover, immersion in Coca-Cola(®) for 120 hours on the exterior surface revealed that Coca-Cola(®) did not permeate persimmon phytobezoars. This is the first study to investigate the mechanisms of persimmon phytobezoar permeability and dissolution induced by Coca-Cola(®).