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This article explores the nature of education as a vital part of human knowledge. The argument that is presented addresses the critique of education as having epistemological weaknesses as an academic discipline. The argument is framed by scholarship that has categorised the discipline of education as derived from three main traditions of knowledge. In order to explore the coherence of education as a discipline, contrasts are made with other disciplines such as mathematics and sciences. The article also reviews scholarship in relation to the concept of education research that is close-to-practice, and the relevance of this to understanding education as an academic discipline. The article concludes by suggesting a new model that shows the relationships between practical knowledge and academic knowledge that are an intrinsic part of education. A more confident portrayal of education as an academic discipline is also advocated.

A main challenge for language users is forging reliable relationships between words with shared components so that morphology as a system emerges from usage. For native Hebrew acquisition this means that learners acquire verbs as lexical entities, which form into a system based on Semitic roots and binyan conjugations. The Hebrew verb system is consequently organized by derivational families, where verbs in different binyan conjugations share the same root. This is illustrated by the k-t-b-based family containing katav ‘write’, nixtav ‘be written’, hixtiv ‘dictate’, huxtav ‘be dictated’, kitev ‘carbon copy [cc]’, kutav ‘be cc’ed’, and hitkatev ‘correspond’. The current study offers a systematic account of how Hebrew verb families and their components—verb lemmas, roots and binyan patterns—emerge and develop in structural and semantic terms, covering the long route from infancy to adulthood. The study is grounded in a large database (485,908 word tokens) compiled of the spoken and written productions of Hebrew-speaking toddlers, children, adolescents and adults. The study is presented in two parts. Part I describes the general characteristics of the study database with regards to the distributions of verbs, roots and binyan verb conjugations, focusing on developmental changes as indicators of the growth and consolidation of the verb lexicon. Part II presents the development of root-based verb derivational families in terms of family frequency, family size, family composition and the semantic coherence of families. Based on the empirical evidence in this paper, our main claim is that roots, binyan conjugations and derivational verb families are all emergent properties of the verb system as it develops in variegated communicative contexts.

En los ambientes educativos existe una gran diversidad en las características y necesidades de los estudiantes. Las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (tic) han logrado mejoras relevantes en diferentes actividades humanas y esas posibilidades podrían ser aprovechadas en procesos educativos que reconozcan las particularidades de los estudiantes y su contexto. Uno de los enfoques con mayor preponderancia son los sistemas adaptativos en educación, sin embargo, las expectativas aún no se han llenado, debido a problemas como falta de esquemas genéricos de personalización y de disponibilidad de contenidos educativos adecuados a las condiciones específicas y dificultades en la captura y actualización del perfil del estudiante y de implementación en plataformas reales. Esto se manifiesta con mayor fuerza en el caso de estudiantes con necesidades especiales de educación, cuando el no reconocimiento de sus necesidades y preferencias puede incluso excluirlos de los ambientes educativos. El trabajo presentado en este artículo propone un framework que permite, a través de un proceso de inclusión adaptativa, generar entornos educativos para todos. El framework se entiende como un conjunto de lineamientos de trabajo divididos en módulos, que proporcionan herramientas para la gestión de modelos en cada uno. Se presenta una plataforma tecnológica que implementa el modelo conceptual y se evalúa a través de una metodología propuesta para este tipo de sistemas, con lo cual se obtienen resultados satisfactorios, pero con posibilidades de mejora. Uno de los aportes relevantes de la propuesta es que el modelo puede ser implementado bajo diferentes enfoques, características y tecnologías, mientras que se guarde la coherencia entre los diferentes elementos que lo componen.

This paper aims to formulate the application of the coherence method known in philosophy to the matan criticism. This formulation is important for several reasons. First , the science of hadith as one of the Islamic sciences has been dominated by awareness of its normative dimensions compared to the dimensions of its historicity. Second , in addition to differences there are similarities between the coherence method and the matan criticism, namely in terms of seeking the truth by relying on certain standard. The application of the coherence method in this matan criticism is carried out in three main steps. First , determining the criteria for religious truth that will be used as benchmarks. In this case, the criteria of truth chosen are contemporary maqashid al-sharia , especially in the perspective of Jasser Audah. Second , mapping the theme of the hadith being studied, to facilitate synchronization with the selected criteria of truth. Third , interpreting the hadith that is being studied based on Ulumul Hadith in general and ‘Ilm Ma’ani al-Hadith in particular, by utilizing the latest theories from the sciences related to the hadith being studied. The implications of applying this method can at least be seen through two things, which are at the same time the goal of the formulation of this method. First , the reduction of the awareness domination of the normative dimension in matan criticism. This will have an impact on increasing awareness of the dimensions of historicity and humanity in matan criticism and is expected to contribute to the reduction of exclusive and radical attitudes. Second , integration or at least interconnection between two methods of seeking truth from two different disciplines, namely Hadith and Philosophy. This paper aims to formulate the application of the coherence method known in philosophy to the matan criticism. This formulation is important for several reasons. First , the science of hadith as one of the Islamic sciences has been dominated by awareness of its normative dimensions compared to the dimensions of its historicity. Second , in addition to differences there are similarities between the coherence method and the matan criticism, namely in terms of seeking the truth by relying on certain standard. The application of the coherence method in this matan criticism is carried out in three main steps. First , determining the criteria for religious truth that will be used as benchmarks. In this case, the criteria of truth chosen are contemporary maqashid al-sharia , especially in the perspective of Jasser Audah. Second , mapping the theme of the hadith being studied, to facilitate synchronization with the selected criteria of truth. Third , interpreting the hadith that is being studied based on Ulumul Hadith in general and ‘Ilm Ma’ani al-Hadith in particular, by utilizing the latest theories from the sciences related to the hadith being studied. The implications of applying this method can at least be seen through two things, which are at the same time the goal of the formulation of this method. First , the reduction of the awareness domination of the normative dimension in matan criticism. This will have an impact on increasing awareness of the dimensions of historicity and humanity in matan criticism and is expected to contribute to the reduction of exclusive and radical attitudes. Second , integration or at least interconnection between two methods of seeking truth from two different disciplines, namely Hadith and Philosophy.

In this paper, I provide a philosophical analysis of Pāli texts that treat of a special kind of mental event called bhavaṅga citta. This mental event is a primal sentient consciousness, a passive form of basal awareness that individuates sentient beings as the type of being that they are. My aims with this analysis are twofold, one genealogical and reconstructive, the other systematic. On the genealogical and reconstructive side, I argue for a distinction between two kinds of continuity that are at work in explaining the temporal structure of experience in Pāli Buddhist philosophy. Call these two forms of continuity ‘diachronic’ and ‘affective-motivational’ continuity, respectively. In my analysis of these two forms of continuity, I will focus on the coherence of bhavaṅga citta in its Abhidhammic context. My contention is that the commentarial account of bhavaṅga citta has the resources to explain diachronic continuity but struggles to give a fully workable account of affective-motivational continuity. I argue that the novel view of mental continuity offered by the early twentieth century Burmese monastic exegete Ledi Sayadaw (1846–1923) offers another intriguing account of mental continuity, one that can help to explain affective-motivational continuity. Systematically speaking, in spelling out the dynamics of this distinction between types of mental continuity in connection with bhavaṅga, I offer a cross-cultural philosophical analysis of the deep structure of the mind and how affective processes below the threshold of ordinary habits of attention have a profound conditioning effect on our conscious relationship with the world.

The aim of the article is to present the model features that charac­terized the theological reflection of the patristic era. The list would comprise of the following: focus on both God and man; recognition of the Holy Scriptures as the most significant reference point of any theological reflection; ability to use elements drawn from both cul­tures, the Semitic and Hellenic one, in the creation of the basics of Christian theology; striving to organize and define basic truths of faith regarding the Holy Trinity and the person of Jesus Christ; maintaining the attitude of humility in the process of knowing God; internal unity and coherence of theological thought; spiritual depth of thinking and existential identification with the confessed truths of faith. The above­mentioned features of theology to which the Fathers of the Church point define its identity as a scientific discipline and can as well revive a contemporary manner of practicing.

Research in information systems includes a range of approaches which make varied contributions in terms of knowledge, understanding, or practical developments. In these days of “fake news” and spurious internet content, scholarly research needs to be able to demonstrate its validity – are its finding true, or its recommendations correct? \ud We argue that there are fundamental validation criteria that can be applied to all research approaches despite their apparent diversity and conflict. These stem from current views of the nature of truth, and the related but wider concept correctness, within philosophy.\ud There has been much debate about the nature of truth – is it correspondence, coherence, consensual or pragmatic? Current debates revolve around the idea of a pluralist view of truth – that there are different forms of truth depending on the context or domain. Related to truth is the wider concept of correctness – propositions may be true but correctness can also be applied to actions, performances or behavior for which truth is not appropriate. We develop a framework for research validity and apply it to a range of research forms including positivist, interpretive, design science, critical and action-oriented. The benefits are: i) a greater and more explicit focus on validity criteria will produce better research; ii) having a single framework can provide some commonality between what at times seem conflicting approaches to research; iii) having criteria made explicit should encourage debate and further development. The framework is applied to a variety of empirical papers employing varied research approaches.

The Spanish neuter personal pronoun ello (“it” or “this” in English) refers to abstract objects that have been previously expressed in large discursive segments. Hence, when used as a subject pronoun, ello collocates with verbs that connect the sentence in which they appear with the text segment to which ello refers. These so-called discourse verbs are defined by signaling coherence relations in a fashion similar to that of discourse markers. In this article, we conduct a corpus analysis of the ello + verb construction to identify the verbs with which ello collocates and the discourse relations they usually signal. The results show that ello + verb construction is limited to a restricted group of verbs, including implicar (to imply), permitir (to allow), and significar (to mean), signaling coherence relations of a causal or interpretative nature that are semantically richer than those relations shaped by discourse markers. Moreover, the interaction between tense and aspect with discourse verb meaning seems to be decisive for the coherence relation signaling of this construction.

The rich cultural presuppositions contained in Chinese folk culture have important values in the translation of folk culture and cross-cultural communication. In order to explore how the translator deals with the cultural presupposition, this paper takes the concept of cultural presupposition as the starting point and adopts qualitative research and case study methods to make a multidimensional comparative analysis of the translation of folk culture involved in the four English versions of Biancheng, which finds that Jeffrey C. Kinkley usually takes compensatory methods to achieve the equivalent of cultural presuppositions; Gladys Yang is loyal to the original text, while omits some folk culture details; Emily Hahn and Shing Mo-Lei, Ching Ti and Robert Payne may not have a thorough understanding of the cultural presuppositions implied in the original text. In order to achieve the equivalent of cultural presupposition, and help to eliminate the information and meaning gaps in the spread of folk culture for the target language readers, translators need to take the compensatory methods like interpretation in the text and then establish semantic coherence, so as to achieve the purpose of transmitting Chinese folk culture.

Most current automatic summarization methods are for English texts. The distinction between words in Chinese text is large, the types of parts of speech are many and complex, and polysemy or ambiguous words appear frequently. Therefore, compared with English text, Chinese text is more difficult to extract useful feature words. Due to the complex syntax of Chinese, there are currently relatively few automatic summarization methods for Chinese text. In the past, only the important sentences in the original text can be selected and simply arranged to obtain a summary with chaotic sentences and insufficient coherence. Meanwhile, because Chinese short text usually contains more redundant information and the sentence structure is not neat, we propose a topic-based automatic summary method for Chinese short text. Firstly, a key sentence selection method is proposed combining topic words and TF-IDF to obtain the score of each text corresponding to the topic in the original text data. Then the sentence with the highest score as the topic sentence of the topic is selected. Considering that the short text of Weibo may contain a lot of irrelevant information and sometimes even lack some important components of topic, three retouching mechanisms are proposed to improve the conciseness, richness and readability of topic sentence extraction results. We validate our approach on natural disaster and social hot event datasets from Sina Weibo. The experimental results show that the polished topic summary not only reflects the exact relationship between topic sentences and natural disasters or social hot events, but also has rich semantic information. More importantly, we can almost grasp the basic elements of natural disaster or social hot event from the topic sentence, so as to help the government guide disaster relief or meet the needs of users for quickly obtaining information of social hot events.

The concept of organizational culture as a context in which information, ideas, beliefs and ideologies of different organizations are exchanged, in which there are also political changes, is in the recent years receiving more attention, both in theory and in practice. More attention is paid to the skills and abbilities of the organizations to make changes in order to provide internal coherence, identity and image communication and the expected outcomes. The economic sustainability, which is difficult to predict, is more easily provided if the organization has culture directed towards changes and if storytelling techniques are used to communicate the changes. Among other things, this led researchers and practitioners to direct themselves more to the study of the influence of the organizational culture and storytelling, as a communicational technique, to the organizational sustainability and changes. We believe that the most efficient and economical way for making organizational changes, and creating changes of the oriented organizational culture is by storytelling as a communication tool.

Topic modeling is a widely studied foundational and interesting problem in the text mining domains. Conventional topic models based on word co-occurrences infer the hidden semantic structure from a corpus of documents. However, due to the limited length of short text, data sparsity impedes the inference process of conventional topic models and causes unsatisfactory results on short texts. In fact, each short text usually contains a limited number of topics, and understanding semantic content of short text needs to the relevant background knowledge. Inspired by the observed information, we propose a regularized non-negative matrix factorization topic model for short texts, named TRNMF. The proposed model leverages pre-trained distributional vector representation of words to overcome the data sparsity problem of short texts. Meanwhile, the method employs the clustering mechanism under document-to-topic distributions during the topic inference by using Gibbs Sampling Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture model. TRNMF integrates successfully both word co-occurrence regularization and sentence similarity regularization into topic modeling for short texts. Through extensive experiments on constructed real-world short text corpus, experimental results show that TRNMF can achieve better results than the state-of-the-art methods in term of topic coherence measure and text classification task.

A partir da abordagem metodológica da Teoria dos Cineastas, este artigo pretende refletir sobre o pensamento teórico do documentarista Evaldo Mocarzel, observado em seus documentários sobre dança: São Paulo Companhia de Dança (2010); Lia Rodrigues: Canteiro de Obras e Ensaio sobre o Movimento. O objetivo é evidenciar procedimentos técnicos proeminentes, tais como a montagem em falso-raccord, a repetição do gesto em corte cinematográfico e o uso de câmeras acopladas aos corpos dos dançarinos como corporificação de um raciocínio estilístico ancorado em procedimentos recorrentes na obra documental mocarzeliana. A partir de seus textos, ensaios, entrevistas e cartas de montagem, além dos filmes, busca-se reconhecer possíveis traços teóricos sistemáticos nos atos criativos investigados. O foco da análise reflexiva recai sobre duas questões fundantes, a saber: a) no casamento artístico e linguístico da dança com o cinema, a intenção estilística do cineasta seria transformar o dançarino numa espécie de diretor de fotografia de si mesmo?, e b) a montagem miríade seria capaz de trazer à tona a fragmentação, a repetição e a integração de falsos-raccords, relacionando duas linguagens entrelaçadas por cortes deflagrados por gestos coreográficos fazendo o filme dançar? O reconhecimento de traços de coerência entre os objetos empíricos desta investigação acaba por contribuir para a sistematização de argumentos que se transformam em teoria traduzida em ato fílmico e vice-versa.

The subject of research in this paper is Mark Bain?s work, perceived as a synthesis of architecture, music, technology and the (in)animate nature. Its basic thesis is that Bain sees his works of art as a set of agents that have the function of mediating social relationships within the surrounding world, and that sound vibration is treated as a means by which architectural constructions become animate beings, enabling the coherence of art and the animate - the living world. The study analyzes the theoretical and interdisciplinary research of Bain?s work, viewed through the prism of anthropological theory and both philosophical and theoretical perspectives of art. It investigates an innovative concept which introduces novelties into architecture and music, applying a specific interdisciplinary approach. The contribution of the study is that it determines the special aesthetics of Bain?s work, which constitutes a new vision of the world and knowledge of the future. The unity of knowledge belonging to different realms is presented through the creation of an innovative research concept and a specific worldview, characterized by a problem-solving approach to the relationship between the animate and inanimate nature.

In Brazil’s Text Liguistics studies, the discursive topic, as a category of textual- interactive analysis, has been studied for almost three decades in the various text genres (PINHEIRO, 2005). Regarded as the common thread of the text (JUBRAN, 2006a; 2006b), in argumentative genres – such as the entrance exam essay – it has already been associated with Jean-Michel Adam’s argumentative sequences (ALENCAR e FARIA, 2014) and with Michel Charolles’ coherence metarules (LINS et al., 2017; SA, 2018). However, with the new trends in argumentation analysis of textual studies, we believe that it can also be associated with the studies of argumentation in discourse (AMOSSY, 2018), as well as the rabatelian theory studies in point of view (CORTEZ, 2011; RABATEL, 2013; 2016). Therefore, our goal is to investigate how, in two essays of Enem applicants, the topic is led in a way that it guides the argumentation and formulates the point of view and the meanings of these texts. After the analysis, we noticed that both texts present argumentative orientation and maintenance of the topical progression/continuity.so that their points of view can be formulated and consolidated coherently.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.17721/APULTP.2020.41.62-78 This article deals with the problem of perfume and cosmetic names. Special attention is given to the peculiarities of names in the context of textuality. Perfume and cosmetic names verbalize all features, qualities and individual characteristics of these goods. They create the naming space that consists of four nominative components: brand, basic, genitive and functional-descriptive. It is the basic nominative component that reflects the main part of information about perfumes and cosmetic goods. Four nominative components function as corresponding text information blocks. It means that perfume and cosmetic name combines two spaces. The first space is naming that is represented with the integrated perfume and cosmetic naming complex. The complex grasps four nominative components. The second space is informational that stores the necessary volume of information and creates a communicative background. The information scope is kept in the text construction. The volume of information is divided into four relevant text blocks. Together all these blocks form text boundaries which outline the text construction. The text construction is characterized by two interdependent features coexisting in the integrated perfume and cosmetic naming complex such as discreteness and wholeness. This is a very significant cohesive factor within the text construction. Cohesion is realized on the lexical level involving the mechanism of repetition which is the part of reiteration. On the other hand, repetition may be complete (the naming unit is repeated literally) and partial (the naming unit is repeated partly). The repetition may be between nearest blocks (having common side) and distant blocks (without a common side). The result of the research broadens the set of naming units adding to word, phrase and sentence the next unit recognized as text. Keywords: cohesion, lexical repetition, naming complex, nominative component, text block, text construction. Information about authors: Nikiforova Yevgeniia Yuriivna – PhD; assistant professor at the Department of English Philology and Intercultural Communication; Institute of Philology; Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Galitska Elizaveta Anatoliivna – PhD in English Philology E-mail: elt.nikiforova@gmail.com; liza-g@ukr.net REFERENCES Aitchison. Words in the mind: An introduction to the mental lexicon. Oxford, Melbourne, Berlin: Blackwell Publishing, 314 p. [in English]. Beaugrande, R.A. de, Dressler, W. (1981). Introduction to text linguistics. London, New York: Routledge, 286 p. [in English]. Beaugrande, R.A. de (1980). Text, Discourse, and Process. Nordood N.J.: Ablex, 351 p. [in English]. Blackwell, S.E. (2001). Testing the neo-Gricean Pragmatic theory of anaphora: The influence of constraints on interpretations of coherence in Spain. 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This article offers a neuroscientific explanation of the experience of autism as a disruption to the embodied experience of the Core Self. It recognizes human experience is integrative by nature. Attending to the insights of Penelope Dunbar (Pum), who has lived with autism for decades, we explore an affective neuroscience understanding of autistic experience as a disruption to embodiment and coherence of the Core Self, and how to work creatively with its impulses for health and personal development. Pum describes her autistic disruptions to the intra-personal coherence of her basic states of being, moving-with-feeling in self-awareness, and how this disturbance to her internal subjective coherence of mind challenges her capacity to self-regulate arousal, and communicate with others. By examination of the source of her problems in childhood and ways of working with them, Pum has clarified fundamental elements in the development of her capacity to regulate self-care in creative efforts that facilitate both affective embodiment and sensory-motor coherence in growth of understanding in her mind and body. With her advice, we explore how current neurobiological insights in autism as a disruption to the regulation of affective embodiment and sensory-motor integration leads to new recommendations for therapeutic care to relieve autistic distress and restricted modes of being. Although particular to her circumstances and cultivated habits of autistic expression, this analysis offers insight into the fundamental nature of autism, and ways of positive working with one’s autism for creative gains.

Various approaches to text simplification have been proposed in an attempt to increase text readability. The rephrasing of syntactically and semantically complex structures is still challenging. A pedagogically motivated simplified version of the same text can have both positive and negative side effects. On the one hand, it can facilitate reading comprehension because of much shorter sentences and a limited vocabulary, but on the other hand, the simplified text often lacks coherence, unity and style. Therefore, reasonable trade-offs among linguistic simplicity, naturalness and informativeness are highly needed. This is a survey paper that discusses state-of-the-art approaches to sentence/text simplification and evaluation methods, along with an empirical evaluation of our approach. The quality of sentence splitting, using the knowledge extraction tool SAAT was compared to state-of-the-art syntactic simplification systems. The research was carried out on the WikiSplit, the HSplit and MinWikiSplit simplification corpora. Automatic metrics for the HSplit showed that the SAAT outperformed other TS systems in all categories. For the WikiSplit dataset, automatic metrics scores were slightly lower than that of the baseline system DisSim. However, the human evaluation showed that DisSim outperformed the SAAT in terms of simplicity and grammar. The quality of AG18copy output corresponded to that of the SAAT. The inter-annotator agreement was calculated. Research limitations as well as suggestions for future research were also provided.

Belief systems matter for all kinds of human social interaction. People have individual cognitions and feelings concerning processes in their environment, which is why they may evaluate them differently. Belief systems can be visualized with cognitive-affective maps (CAMs; as reported by Thagard (in: McGregor (ed) EMPATHICA: A computer support system with visual representations for cognitive-affective mapping, AAAI Press, CA, 2010)). However, it is unclear whether CAMs can be constructed in an intersubjective way by different researchers attempting to map the beliefs of a third party based on qualitative text data. To scrutinize this question, we combined qualitative strategies and quantitative methods of text and network analysis in a case study examining belief networks aboutparticipation.Our data set consists of 10 sets of two empirical CAMs: the first CAM was created based on participants’ freely associating concepts related to participation in education (N = 10), the second one was created based on given text data which the participants represented as a CAM following a standardized instruction manual (N = 10). Both CAM-types were compared along three dimensions of similarity (network similarity, concept association similarity, affective similarity). On all dimensions of similarity, there was substantially higher intersubjective agreement in the text-based CAMs than in the free CAMs, supporting the viability of cognitive affective mapping as an intersubjective research method for studying the emotional coherence of belief systems and discursive knowledge. In addition, this study highlights the potential for identifying group-level differences based on how participants associate concepts.

The objective of this short comment is to reflect on Freeman's concept of congruence from his 2002 article 'Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems-complementarity and economic growth', in the new COVID-19 word. There, Freeman argued about the need for coherence between the different nations' sub-systems and between the national, continental and global spheres in the matter of development. The emphasis was on the different types of (in)congruence of the different sub-systems of societies - e.g. education, science, technology, politics, culture, among others- that led to specific (under)development paths. The COVID - 19 crisis poses a new stage in the globalization process, and development is still a global challenge, both in terms of preventing new crises and overcoming future ones. Connecting the thoughts of Freeman to these challenges might contribute to a necessary renewed debate about development in current times.

The attention given to the Randstad Holland as a key concept in urban and regional development strategies of the Dutch national government has come in waves over decades. This chapter presents a selection of some of the most important studies that have been exploring functional coherence in the Randstad at different points in time, culminating in an overview table in which their main characteristics. It discusses the studies from a conceptual and methodological perspective. The chapter considers general conceptual and methodological requirements that need to be adhered to when studying functional coherence in polycentric metropolitan areas such as the Randstad. The Netherlands became a unified state in 1815, but resembled the former federation of provinces until the start of industrialisation. The political landscape has become fragmented and populist parties have risen to prominence, particularly those on the right of the political spectrum. Researchers addressing functional coherence in the Randstad have drawn attention to the issues of multiplexity and individual-level heterogeneity.

The purpose of this research is to describe the macro structure, superstructure, and micro structure of the news text on tempo.co daily. The method used is descriptive qualitative with van Djik's critical discourse analysis approach. The results of the analysis show that the macrostructure section describes the general theme of the cabinet reshuffle issue. The schematic superstructure section consists of a summary and a story that describes the author's efforts to display a certain effect. The micro structure section consists of background, details, intent, coherence, distinguishing coherence, sentence forms, pronouns, lexicon, presuppositions, graphics, and metaphors that describe the author's efforts to lead readers' opinions so that Jokowi will increase the number of ministers from professional circles.

This paper investigates the use and functions of lexical cohesion within and across modes as well as levels of interaction on a YouTube channel, arguing that lexical cohesion contributes to coherence by establishing links between the video, the comments and sources elsewhere on the internet in a cross-modal and intertextual manner. The analysis focuses on one video and its comments section, investigating the use of cohesion in maintaining coherence and unity across a lengthy YouTube interaction initiated by the video and continued in the comments. Cohesive ties are examined with regard to their functions in the process of meaning-making in this mediated and multimodal context. The results reveal that the use of cohesive ties is extensive within and across modes and levels of interaction. Chains of cohesion are created within the comments, with cross-modal links to the video. Despite the complex multimodality of YouTube and the fragmentation of the comments as many participants post short comments one after another, the YouTube interaction is shown to be coherent. (c) 2021 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

International audience; IntroductionEgo state theory (EST) and therapy was developed by Watkins and Watkins, based on Federn who first proposed the concept of ego state. The Watkins state that EST is based on three pillars: psychoanalysis, hypnosis and Janet’s concept of dissociation. EST has been a major theory and therapy for the treatment of complex traumatization, in particular dissociative disorders, and is also a therapy helpful for other types of difficulties and pathologies.ObjectiveThis paper aims at clarifying the theoretical background of EST, as well as recent inputs from EST therapists, and how new concepts on trauma and dissociation challenged and influenced modern EST.Method and resultsAfter a thorough analysis of the literature, we provide with a detailed presentation of the main concepts of EST, their strengths and coherence, as well as the lack of coherence of some of these concepts. The development of EST stretches over several decades and attests to the richness of this integrative therapy and to the challenging development of the understanding of trauma and its sequalae.ConclusionEven if the theoretical foundation of EST is imperfect, EST has developed an integrative model of psychotherapy for traumatized individuals that is still valuable today. EST should be acknowledged for its great influence on modern psychotraumatology and on the treatment of dissociative identity disorder.; IntroductionLa théorie et thérapie des états du moi (TEM) ont été développées par Watkins et Watkins, basées sur les travaux de Federn qui fut le premier à proposer le concept d’état du moi. Selon les Watkins la TEM est basée sur trois piliers : la psychanalyse, l’hypnose et le concept de dissociation de Janet. La TEM est une théorie et thérapie essentielle pour le traitement de la traumatisation complexe, en particulier des troubles dissociatifs. C’est aussi une thérapie utile pour d’autres types de difficultés et pathologies.ObjectifCet article souhaite clarifier les fondements théoriques de la TEM ainsi que les contributions récentes de thérapeutes TEM, et comment de nouveaux concepts sur le trauma et la dissociation ont influencé et mis au défi la TEM.Méthode et résultatsPar une analyse de la littérature nous présentons les concepts principaux de la TEM, leurs forces et cohérence, ainsi que le manque de cohérence de certains de ces concepts. Le développement de la TEM s’étend sur plusieurs décennies et témoigne de la richesse de cette thérapie intégrative et du développement stimulant de la compréhension du trauma et de ses séquelles.ConclusionBien que les fondements théoriques de la TEM soient imparfaits, la TEM a développé un modèle intégratif de psychothérapie pour les personnes traumatisées qui est toujours valable de nos jours. La TEM devrait être honorée pour sa grande influence sur la psychotraumatologie moderne et sur le traitement du trouble dissociatif de l’identité.

The purpose of the study is to understand how audiences evaluated an arts-based research performance called Rising from the Ashes. Audience evaluation promises egalitarian and pluralistic perspectives that may assist artist-as-researchers with gaining new insight into out of performative arts-based research results. Rising from the Ashes was performed several times between 2015 and 2019. Evaluations were provided to six different audiences and consisted of rating-scale and open-ended questions based on general criteria for judging arts-based research: incisiveness, concision, generativity, social significance, evocation and illumination, and coherence. Descriptive rating scores and thematic analysis of open-ended questions aided in the artist-as-researcher’s understanding of how audiences responded to the performances. Descriptive scores showed that audiences strongly agreed that the performance was concise, incisive, and evocative and illuminating. The performance was less likely to support audiences’ understanding of the social issues addressed in the study, which implied decreased generativity and social significance. Open-ended questions enhanced and supported rating-scale responses as well as revealed specific elements of the performance that addressed its coherence. The results deepened the artists-as-researcher’s understanding of potential strengths and limitations of Rising from the Ashes based on the audience evaluations. Implications for arts-based research evaluation in music therapy, particularly related to music performance, are discussed.

The context of the presentation is a challenge of a “skill gap” of the latest Future of Jobs Report, emphasizing the importance of some relevant skills for project-based courses in higher education—for instance, active learning and learning strategies, complex problem solving, and critical thinking and analysis. Under COVID-19, higher education has transformed to online learning, which requires renewing the concept of project-based courses. The presentation focuses on innovation of assessment, especially giving some examples using Zoom in order to strengthen collaborative assessment culture under the umbrella of formative assessment. The actual outcomes of the presentation refer to collecting opportunities, experiences and challenges on the feasible coherence between online learning and project-based courses, especially focusing assessment on giving some examples on sharing aims and expectations, using self-assessment, a progression plan and shared assessment criteria on final presentations, team digital portfolios and individual reflective papers. Finally, the conclusion has some dilemmas and questions for discussion.

Cohesion, as one of the important ways to achieve discourse coherence, is a crucial part of discourse analysis. Therefore, employing computer-aided Independent Sample T-Test in SPSS software, this paper explores the similarities and, mainly, differences of grammatical cohesive devices used by Chinese and American scholars in their English abstracts of Sci-tech journal Papers. The results show that: 1) there are significant differences in the use of reference between Chinese scholars and American scholars, with the former using a higher frequency than the latter; 2) both Chinese scholars and American scholars employ few cohesive devices of substitution, but the using frequency of Chinese scholars is still higher than that of American scholars, and the difference in the frequency is statistically significant; 3) neither Chinese nor American scholars use ellipsis; 4) Chinese scholars use conjunction more frequently than American scholars, and the difference is statistically significant.

The urgent need to progress the low carbon energy transition has stimulated new forms of governance to address the multiple challenges facing policy, regulation, and implementation. This paper suggests that some countries are adopting a range of measures for the energy transition that amount to aWhole-of-Society Approach, formerly deployed as a response to health crises and other emergencies. Despite having a range of governance implications, the main features of the approach have not been effectively described nor critically evaluated. This paper seeks to draw out the main characteristics of the approach based on a review of literature that uses theWhole-of-Society approachterm. This suggests that the Whole-of-Society Approach has five key components:crisis; shared responsibility; inclusivity; leadership; and systems thinking. This paper then explores how these components have been reflected in energy transition policy discourse in the Republic of Ireland and Scotland, by analysing key policy documents. By highlighting how the Whole-of-Society Approach is used as a wider framework for the energy transition, the paper aims to stimulate further research on the wider implications, coherence, and effectiveness of the approach in progressing the energy transition.

The argument of this theoretical paper is that the existence and availability of suitable digital curriculum resources, accelerated by the recent pandemic, have required a revision of the pedagogical landscape in terms of ways in which students can be empowered to (co-)design their own curriculum trajectories. For this purpose, I argue, students need to be supported in considering many connections, to arrive at coherent trajectories. Based on complexity thinking and curriculum design with digital resources, I propose the concept of connectivity as a crucial principle for creating coherent curriculum trajectories. If students are to become the co-designers of their own curriculum, they need a frame that raises their awareness about the many connections to be made and that supports their capability for actually realizing them. Drawing strongly on my own work and related work by others, I analyse and illustrate the connections made by students, teachers and curriculum designers in their design of mathematics tasks, lessons and learning trajectories with digital resources. Results show that connections can be made at several levels, namely, at a social level, at a material level, at programme level, and at a didactical level. Leaning on systems thinking, connections can be systematically considered, which is likely to help students to enhance the coherence of their designs. I contend that a student-designed ‘connected curriculum trajectory’ is likely to become the focus of future research activities in innovative learning environments: this endeavor would connect aspects of curriculum, mathematical content, learning strategies of students, and the use of new technologies.

No espírito das justas homenagens prestadas ao educador Paulo Freire, em virtude do centésimo aniversário de seu nascimento, o ensaio busca enfatizar certas peculiaridades de seu pensamento educacional popular revolucionário, ao mesmo tempo em que se esforça por produzir uma conexão de tal pensamento com os desafios colocados pelo atual momento histórico brasileiro. Para tanto, se serve, sobretudo, dos registros de uma experiência em processo de que se constitui a obra Cartas a Guiné-Bissau (1977). No itinerário reflexivo, tenta-se evidenciar: o caráter romântico-revolucionário do pensamento freireano; o papel teórico-metodológico da articulação entre prática social e educação e, derivada disto, uma sofisticada concepção educacional que se faz revolucionária, justo por aprofundar-se na realidade concreta, entendida como processo portador de tendências, “inéditos-viáveis”, a serem desenvolvidas no sentido da superação da sociedade dividida em classes. Tais conclusões de índole teórica, no entanto, não são encaradas no ensaio como encerradas em si mesmas, mas extraem seu sentido, e mesmo coerência em relação à obra tematizada, por poderem funcionar como ato rememorativo, no qual as lutas do passado podem se conectar explosivamente com as lutas do presente.

Translation Memory tools have been widely promoted in terms of increased productivity, quality and consistency, while translation scholars have ar-gued that in some cases they might produce the opposite effect. This paper investigates these two related claims through a corpus-based contrastive analysis of 40,000 original and localized Web pages in Spanish. Given that all Web texts are localized using TM tools, the claim of increased quality and consistency is analyzed in contrast with Web texts spontaneously pro-duced in Spanish. The results of the contrastive analysis indicate that local-ized texts tend to replicate source text structures and show higher numbers of inconsistencies at the lexical, syntactic and typographic levels than non-translated Web sites. These findings are associated with lower levels of quality in localized texts as compared to non-translated or spontaneously produced texts.

Since its inception, social work has promoted the defense of human rights and social justice. Doing so has also implied having an influence in the political arena. Although, in some contexts, participation in the political arena of social workers is limited. Based on an analysis of the figure of Jane Addams, using a bibliographic analysis, this study shows the role that social work can play in changing policies and the importance of being coherent with personal values, as well as engaging in equal dialogue using human rights and social justice as a starting point. Jane Addams became a political entrepreneur in fields such as the struggle for women's rights, the rights of immigrants, the fight against child labor exploitation and the quest for peace. This positioning had negative repercussions on her public image, although she was finally awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

This essay takes up the contentious issue of Gregory of Nyssa's use of a theory of the universal. It is argued that Gregory, in his trinitarian theology and elsewhere in his thought, employs with remarkable coherence a kind of theory of which the universal is essentially the whole of its individuals (collection theory). For Gregory this is a realistic theory in which the concept of the whole is either entirely detached from that of the individuals (as ousia or hupostasis in his trinitarian theory) or related to them as actual to potential nature (for example in his cosmology). It is characteristic for him that he makes the whole collection the object of reference for the substance-sortal. This theory helps him avoid (to some extent) doctrinal ramifications within trinitarian theology as it explains the Trinity as a perfect unity-in-trinity which is both irreducibly one and irreducibly three.

The disambiguation and processing of coherence relations is often investigated with a focus on explicit connectives, such asbutorso. Other, non-connective cues from the context also facilitate discourse inferences, although their precise disambiguating role and interaction with connectives have been largely overlooked in the psycholinguistic literature so far. This study reports on two crowdsourcing experiments that test the role of contextual cues (parallelism, antonyms, resultative verbs) in the disambiguation of contrast and consequence relations. We compare the effect of contextual cues in conceptually different relations, and with connectives that differ in their semantic precision. Using offline tasks, our results show that contextual cues significantly help disambiguating contrast and consequence relations in the absence of connectives. However, when connectives are present in the context, the effect of cues only holds if the connective is acceptable in the target relation. Overall, our study suggests that cues are decisive on their own, but only secondary in the presence of connectives. These results call for further investigation of the complex interplay between connective types, contextual cues, relation types and other linguistic and cognitive factors.

Anaphora is the main linguistic means to establish discourse coherence, and anaphora resolution is the psychological process to maintain this coherence. Chinese discourse is characterized with providing multiplicity of linguistic clues to readers by employing various referential apparatuses such as pronoun anaphora, zero anaphora, and so on. As a way of avoiding repeated reference to an object that is mentioned beforehand, zero anaphora is frequently employed in discourse. The production and resolution of zero anaphora largely concerns some constraints underlying psychological mechanisms. We particularly focus on zero anaphora resolution in the present study to try to discover some specific aspects of the underlying mechanism, hoping to find out some factors unique to the resolution process. We designed the first two experiments to probe into the psychological reality when participants were presented with sentences containing either pronoun anaphora or zero anaphora or both under discourse condition with topic continuity in Experiment 1a and topic discontinuity in Experiment 1b. We did not find any significant difference in the reaction time between zero anaphora resolution and pronoun anaphora resolution, indicating that zero anaphora possibly works within the processing mechanism on which pronoun anaphora resolution depends. However, we found significantly longer time in reading the first sentence in any of the discourse, showing that the first-mention effect exists in anaphora resolution. We further explored the time course of zero anaphora resolution by measuring the reaction time during the period when participants read sentences that varied according to the location where zero anaphora occurred under two conditions: topic continuity (Experiment 2a) vs. topic discontinuity (Experiment 2b). The strategies of searching for the referential information were found divergent: the exhaustive searching strategy was adopted when the topics within a discourse were kept continuous and the heuristic searching strategy was employed when the topics were discontinuous. The design of Experiment 5 took the factor of voice type and situation consistency into consideration, investigating in what way do those factors influence the resolution of zero anaphora. The voice type, according to the results, plays a significant role for its exclusively close relationship with the first-mention effect.

Decision makers and policy analysts at different administrative levels often lack a holistic view of the problem as there are semantic variations in policy documents due to domain-specific content. For example, smart city initiatives are derived from national and international initiatives which may influence the incentives for local participants, but local initiatives reflect the local contextual elements of the city. Balanced assessment of smart city initiatives should include a systemic evaluation of the initiatives at multiple levels including the city, the country in which the city resides as well as at international level. In this paper, a knowledge elicitation methodology is presented for multi-granularity evaluation of policies and initiatives. The methodology is demonstrated on the evaluation of smart city initiatives generated at different administrative levels. Semantic networks are constructed using formal ontologies and deep learning methods for automatic semantic evaluation of initiatives to abstract knowledge found in text. Three smart city initiatives published by different administrative levels including international, national, and city level are evaluated in terms of relevance, coherence, and alignment of multi-level smart city initiatives. Experiments and analysis ultimately provide a holistic view of the problem which is necessary for decision makers and policy analysts of smart cities.

Coloca-se em discussão a tradução para a língua portuguesa de alguns termos da teoria musical de Heinrich Schenker. Detendo-se, principalmente, sobre os termos Urlinie e Ursatz, procura-se realizar um debate a respeito do significado de tais conceitos, significado que aparece como a manifestação estritamente musical do princípio da unidade da obra de arte. Tal princípio assume um papel emblemático na teoria se Schenker por meio do concito de coerência orgânica e, portanto, do conceito de organismo. A argumentação se concentra sobre os múltiplos significados da palavra Satz, destacando seus usos no vocabulário musical e, principalmente, nos escritos de Schenker, mais especificamente, como elemento formador do termo Ursatz. A discussão oportuniza uma reflexão a respeito de termos propostos por Schenker e de suas implicações e alcances quando vertidos para outras línguas, épocas e lugares.

Meaning in life has grown into a topic of great interest in psychological research. Conceptually, scholars differentiate between sources and components of meaning. However, the current scholarly views on meaning are highly cognitive and it is unclear to what extent they correspond with the understanding of lay people with cognitive difficulties, like those with Alzheimer’s disease. Using directed content analysis, we analyzed short descriptions of meaning in life of 126 older adults with Alzheimer’s disease, exploring whether the components (i.e., coherence, purpose, significance) and sources from the current literature could be identified and what additional themes emerged in their accounts. Replicating findings in other populations, family and relationships were the most prominent sources. Coherence and purpose were each described by 15% of participants, significance was almost not mentioned. We discuss the entanglement of components and sources in people’s descriptions and the possibility of a connection facet underlying meaning. We provide evidence for a distinction between cognitive and felt coherence and show that many participants talked about fulfilled and purpose instead of future-oriented purpose, emphasizing the need for a developmental understanding of meaning.

La investigación tuvo como objetivo, analizar los actos lingüísticos como estrategia didáctica para el fortalecimiento del discurso pedagógico de los licenciados en formación de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas de Educación en la Universidad Popular del Cesar –Valledupar. Metodológicamente, se ubicó en el paradigma cualitativo, en el enfoque sociocrítico; su método estuvo centrado en la investigación acción pedagógica, que se desplegó en tres fases: descripción de la situación problemática, construcción de las teorías y trabajo de campo. Para registrar la información se utilizó un diario de campo y una entrevista semiestructurada. Los resultados indicaron que el discurso pedagógico está carente de coherencia con el área cognitiva y afectiva; sin embargo, a través de la realización de los talleres se logró una experiencia transformadora, donde se impulsó a los estudiantes a adquirir las competencias de su quehacer pedagógico y a reconocer la importancia de afianzar la comunicación para fortalecer el discurso.

Critical thinking consists of analyzing and evaluating the coherence of reasoning. This ability is considered crucial for the development of new software engineering professionals, given their continued need for problem-solving. The problem arises from the diversity of proposals and the lack of rigor of existing experiments, which makes it difficult to find specific recommendations to assessing critical thinking, especially in online contexts. This article analyzes the results obtained from the execution of a systematic mapping of the literature. We seek to raise awareness of what we are doing as an educational community and where we should be going.

Katherine Bischoping and Amber Gazso (2016) use the notion of a “good story” to evaluate how successfully the storyteller conveys their message to the reader. The goal of this observational reflection paper is to explore whether the same criteria of good storytelling (i.e., good reportability, good liveability, good coherence, and good fidelity) can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of narratives told by prisoner rights protestors. I draw on my firsthand experience of a protest outside the Central East Correctional Facility in Lindsay, Ontario to develop my evaluation and conclude that the stories I observed can be analyzed using this criterion.

Visual storytelling is a challenging problem in artificial intelligence that requires machines to understand a sequence of images to produce a narrative story. It takes image captioning a step forward and is a more complex task as it deals with coherence, continuity, and creativity in the generated text to form a complete story. In this paper, we put forth an approach based on the encoder-decoder architecture to generate a story for a sequence of images. We take into consideration the images and their respective descriptions to create coherent stories. We evaluate the performance of our model on the VIST dataset [1] and achieve highly comparable results with respect to the existing systems.

This paper focuses on the seemingly important aspects of graphic novels that make them a remarkable genre of literature. The aesthetics and the power of illustration are taken into consideration in detail in the study. Maus by Art Spiegelman and Persepolis by Marjane Satrapi are taken as case studies. The radically different style used in Persepolis challenged the popular convictions on storytelling and its success as a graphic novel has profoundly influenced many Middle Eastern writers. To determine the efficacy of graphic novels, a survey is conducted among school students. Analysis is drawn from the survey and demonstrated with the help of graphs and pie charts.

People's ideas expressed in the social media comments section are so diverse and numerous that it is difficult to identify the topic of discussion. The purpose of this work is to apply the Latent Dirichlet Allocation method to analyze conversational topics in Indonesian texts via comments on social media YouTube. The stages of the research procedure began with data collecting, preprocessing, matrix term documents, topic modeling, and categorization. The dataset utilized is Indonesian commentary text on YouTube about COVID-19, which totaled 142,790 comments from 371 videos between March and September 2020. This research yielded six issue categories: “Hope - Prayer,” “Policy - Regulation,” “Pandemic Impact,” “News - Information,” “Health Protocol,” and “Development of Cases.” The modeling findings have an Adjusted Rand Index (ARI) score of 0.84 and a coherence value of 0.572. As a result, the findings indicate that the use of LDA is appropriate for Indonesian comments with short texts and extensive data coverage. The main contribution of this study is to investigate the main themes that are frequently discussed by users in the commentary text in order to discover the opinions that emerge in the community. The findings of this study can provide insight into the key thought themes that emerge in society.

The article considers the academic essay as the main simulator in teaching students of electrical engineering specialties academic writing. The importance of such skill in academic writing for students in view of international requirements and standards is emphasized. The place of academic essay in scientific discourse, features of its structure and text organization are determined. Particular attention is paid to the importance of task response criterion and consistent development of argumentation. The most common mistakes in writing an academic essay, both structural and logical errors, are analyzed.

This project shows that focus and information structure, as indicated by the focus particle “only” and pitch accents, influence syntactic attachment, in contrast to the well-known effects of prosodic boundaries on attachment. One written questionnaire, one completion study, and several auditory questionnaires show that the position of “only” strongly affects attachment preferences in ambiguous sentences, while contrastive pitch accents have smaller effects. The two types of focus marking do not interact but independently impact attachment. These results support a modified version of the Focus Attraction Hypothesis, with ambiguous material drawn to attach to the most important information in a sentence. This research shows that information structure can affect sentence structure as well as discourse coherence.

It is essential to understand what topics related to the COVID19 pandemic forms informative and uninformative content on social networks instead of general information (which contains both informative and uninformative). Uninformative content is mainly based on personal opinions and is more suitable for sentimental analysis. Whereas informative content is based on facts, figures, and reports; therefore, it is beneficial to gain a more in-depth understanding for a better strategic response to COVID-19. Despite knowing this fact, there is still a lack of study performed to investigate the aspects of informative content to gain an in-depth understanding of COVID-19 discussed topics. We aim to fill this gap through the study presented in this paper. We used the dataset containing 4719 “informative” and 5281 “uninformative” labeled tweets to realize informative aspects. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) are popular topic modeling techniques. However, since both are based on an unsupervised approach, it is still unknown whether LDA or LSA effectively categorizes documents and how an appropriate number of topics can be determined. Therefore, we used both techniques to analyze tweets' content. Results show that LDA outperforms LSA by achieving a topic coherence score of 0.619 on uninformative and 0.599 on informative. In addition, based on LDA's results, it is also observed that most of the words that form informative content are death, case, coronavirus, people, confirmed, total, positive, tested, number, reported indicating tested, and death cases are the most concerned topics. On the other hand, words like immunity, fatality, protocol, thread, tourist, queue, blockade, eradication, prediction, detention, concerned are most likely to form uninformative content.

Text summarization is a pertinent problem of Natural Language Processing that deals with finding the summary of an input text or a set of text by using extractive or abstractive technique to find the important points of the text while maintaining the context and coherence. This paper describes the use of a naive extractive technique to summarize texts written in Assamese language, which is an Indo-Aryan language. The process starts with preprocessing of text, which is done manually and the term frequency of the words are considered to find the sentence scores, which are used to filter out the top-ranked sentences, based on which the summary is prepared. The feature of the system is that a user can insert their own document to summarize as well as can select the number of sentences in which they will get the summary. A set of 12 text is used to experiment on the code and although it does not incorporate semantic information into account, the results are quite promising, showing the validity of this naive extractive summarization approach.

Previous studies have elucidated the neural mechanism of syntactic/semantic processing and pragmatic processing. However, the exact mechanisms by which these two aspects of processing interact during language comprehension remain unknown. In this event-related brain potential study, we examined the interaction between politeness processing and local syntactic/semantic processing of a phrase. We used a full factorial design that crossed politeness consistency with local syntactic/semantic coherence. Politeness violations elicited a P200 effect in the 190–320 ms range, centro-parietally distributed positivity in the 360–866 ms range, and pure local syntactic/semantic violation elicited a broad distributed positivity in the 362–868 ms range. Crucially, we found that event-related potential responses elicited by combined politeness and syntactic/semantic violations resemble those elicited by separate syntactic/semantic violations. These results indicated that local syntactic/semantic processing has a functional primacy over politeness processing. Furthermore, our results support the blocking hypothesis from a politeness processing perspective instead of the independent hypothesis.