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On-chip supercapacitors have attracted considerable attention because of their high power density, long cycling life, and compatibility with integrated circuits. One critical drawback that restrict...

Dip-coating is used to apply a boundary lubricant film of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) on rigid magnetic disks. At lower solute concentration and lower withdrawal speeds, solvent evaporation is faster than the motion of the drying line leading to capillary feeding during film formation. At higher solute concentrations and higher withdrawal speeds, film formation is described by the Landau-Levich drainage model modified for evaporation. The minimum in the deposited film thickness versus withdrawal speed is attributed to a mixed regime corresponding to a crossover between the capillarity and drainage regimes. The solute concentration and therefore solvent type is a strong determinant of which regimes are observed. The dip-coating process is well-described by semi-experimental equations. The relationship between solute concentration and solvent compatibility, a determinant in the dip-coating process, is explained on the basis of solvent power and solubility parameters.

This study carries out thermodynamic modeling of the Ag-Se system using the calphad approach. The Ag-Se phase diagram is deduced from the available constitutional and thermochemical information. Thermodynamic information pertaining to liquid is scarce because of the experimental difficulty. Hence the enthalpy of mixing for liquid at 1273 K is generated in this study using ab − initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulation. The solution and the associate model describe the Gibbs energy of the liquid phase. The presence of Ag 2 Se associates in the liquid demands an associate model whereas the solution model is for the compatibility of the thermodynamic databases. The Wagner-Schottky model describes the Gibbs energy of the intermetallic phases that has ample of constitutional and thermochemical information in the literature. The constitutional and thermochemical properties that are calculated are compared with those in literature.

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) is a promising heat transfer fluid candidate for fast-neutron nuclear reactors and for concentrating solar power systems, due to its low melting point and advantageous thermophysical properties, but suffers from causing liquid-metal corrosion in many solids used as structural materials. Adding a suitable element to LBE to form a ternary alloy, along with proper oxygen concentration in LBE at desired temperature, might provide a formation of the protective intermetallic layers besides the formation of protective oxides on the solid surface. In this study, novel Pb-Bi-X alloys, as improvement LBE, have been designed for a broad temperature range, with X additions selected based on thermodynamic considerations and modeling, and experimentally evaluated at 700 °C. Thermodynamic calculations indicated Pb-Bi-Sb and Pb-Bi-Ge as the best candidates, and experiments provided some evidence of possible intermetallic formation of Sb with Fe-Cr-Al alloy constituents. The work pointed to the need for further research into the compatibility with structural materials at high temperatures. Keywords: Solar energy, Heat transfer, Liquid metal, Oxygen control, Fe-Cr-Al alloy

One IG-110 graphite sample was irradiated with 2 MeV Xe20+ ions to a fluence of 2.4 × 1015 ions/cm2. Then the irradiated sample and one un-irradiated sample were tested in molten Li2BeF4 salt at a pressure of 0.3 MPa for 20 h, in order to investigate irradiation’s effects on graphite-Li2BeF4 salt compatibility. For both samples, the intruded salt have round surfaces and spherical salt particles with sizes

Four anion-pillared ultramicroporous powder (SIFSIX-3-Ni, SIFSIX-2-Cu-i, GEFSIX-2-Cu-i, TIFSIX-2-Cu-i) were shaped into pellets for the first time, using a strongly anti-tearing and highly sticky binder—polyvinyl butyral (PVB). PVB binder exhibited good compatibility and interaction with MOFs, which afforded the ultrahigh-loading of MOFs (up to 95%). Interestingly, this shaping method showed slight influence to the adsorption capacity of C2H2 (decreased by 0.56%–0.93%), while greatly hindered the adsorption of C2H4 (decreased by 5.0%–12.5%). These different influences resulted in the enhanced IAST selectivity (116.4) of GeFSIX-2-Cu-i pellet for the separation of C2H2/C2H4 (1:99, v/v), which was 35% larger than the pure GeFSIX-2-Cu-i powder (86.3). Fixed-bed breakthrough experiments showed that SIFSIX-3-Ni pellets achieved the effective separation of C2H2/C2H4 (1:99, v/v) mixtures. Furthermore, SO2 adsorption of SIFSIX-3-Ni pellets and GeFSIX-2-Cu-i pellets were obtained at 2000 ppm and 298 K. Remarkably, GeFSIX-2-Cu-i pellet had an excellent capacity of SO2 (95%-loading: 2.25 mmol g−1; 90%-loading: 1.96 mmol g−1) at such a low pressure. Additionally, this approach was applied to other three typical MOFs HKUST-1, Mg-MOF-74, and MIL-101-Cr for CO2 capture. It revealed that the PVB binder was applicable to diverse MOFs for pelletization.

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) have been alternatively employed to improve the ultraviolet (UV) aging resistance of bitumen due to their high UV reflectance, but LDHs particles cannot be dispersed into bitumen uniformly and stably since their poor compatibility with bitumen. Therefore, the problem of poor compatibility must be solved before its application. Generally, organic modification can change the surface characteristics of inorganic particle and then improve the compatibility. The objectives of this work are to evaluate the effect of prepared various organic LDHs on the anti-UV aging property of bitumen and then determine an optimal organic LDHs for bitumen modification. For these purposes, three organic anions, sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate (SDBS), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDSO), were used as organic modifiers to prepare organic LDHs (OCLDHs), then the storage stability and anti-UV aging of OCLDHs modified bitumen were investigated. Experimental results show the organic modification can suppress the separation phenomenon of OCLDHs modified bitumen during the high temperature storage, indicating the compatibility and stability of the mixture is ameliorated. Compared with LDHs modified bitumen, OCLDHs modified bitumens show lower aging degree during UV exposure, which indicates that OCLDHs exhibit better effect in enhancing the anti-UV aging performance of bitumen. FTIR analysis indicates that OCLDHs effectively retard the formations of oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic structure of bitumen. Furthermore, SDBS is a preferable modifier for the preparation of organic LDHs due to the most effective improvement in compatibility with bitumen and UV aging resistance of bitumen as compared with SDS and SDSO.

Motivated by the compatibility with the well-developed Si-based semiconductor technology, research on new Si allotropes is of importance. Here, we study a new three-dimensional (3D) silicon (named as pentagonal-Si), which is entirely composed of pentagons with all atoms in sp3-hybridized states. State-of-the-art theoretical calculations confirm that the new silicon phase is dynamically, thermally and mechanically stable. The calculations of electronic band structure with HSE06 functional show that pentagonal-Si is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of 2.05 eV that is much larger than that of diamond-Si, leading to distinguished optical absorption. Moreover, pentagonal-Si has a lower mass density (2.09 g/cm3) compared with diamond-Si (2.34 g/cm3), and exhibits a higher carrier mobility (∼3 × 103 cm2/V·s) at ambient temperature, adding new feature for optoelectronic applications.

All‐solid‐state lithium‐metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are considered promising next‐generation energy‐storage devices for their high safety, high energy density, and long cycle life, where solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) play an essential role in adapting a lithium metal anode to a high‐capacity cathode. However, there are still many obstacles to overcome for SSEs, including the narrow electrochemical window with an oxide cathode and a Li anode, low ionic conductivity, and poor interfacial mechanical property. Herein, the critical issues of electrochemical compatibility between some key SSEs and their adaptive electrode materials are focused on. The adaptation of different SSEs to electrode materials is summarized, recent methods for improving the electrochemical compatibility of SSE/electrode interfaces are highlighted, and the perspective for future development of SSEs is discussed.

C 4 F 7 N has showed much importance as one of the most promising environmentally friendly gases to submit SF 6 in power industry, due to its good dielectric strength and environmental characteristics. Zinc and aluminum are both frequently-used metal material in GIS as construction and coating. Since the presence of water and oxygen, which is hard to avoid during manufacture and operation, the metal may be oxidized. Meanwhile, Aluminum oxide has been widely used as insulation materials, of which the stability when exposed in C 4 F 7 N is very important for the long-term stable operation of electrical equipment. Therefore, the compatibility between insulation gas C 4 F 7 N with alumina and zinc oxide need to be carefully verified for the engineering application of the novel gas. In this article, the compatibility was studied by both thermal compatibility experiments and density functional theory calculation. The thermal ageing test were performed, and the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis were used on the solid powders. In the meantime, the adsorption energy, total charge transfer, density of states and electron density difference of the gas molecular on solid surface were calculated to evaluate their interactions. The results demonstrate that C 4 F 7 N shows certain compatibility with the two metal oxide.

International audience; We investigate effects of surfactants with different charges (anionic, cationic, and non-ionic) on foam stability in the presence of charge-stabilized silica (SiO2) nanoparticles. Toward this aim, a comprehensive series of experiments on a Hele-Shaw cell and a foam column is conducted at bubble and bulk-scale respectively, that is, investigating phenomenologies of foam coarsening separately by gas diffusion and bubble coalescence, and by gravitational drainage. Our results show nanoparticles, despite their ability to position themselves at liquid-gas interfaces and thus limit the resulting surface tension coefficient, do not necessarily have a positive effect on foam stability; the nature and magnitude of this effect depends strongly on the nature of the surfactant, its concentration and the concentration of nanoparticles. In less stable systems, significant coarsening occurs. Both results from bubble-scale and the bulk-scale experiments suggest that compatibility experiments are pre-requisite to foam stability analysis to test the compatibility between surfactants and nanoparticles.

There are no clear guidelines on the compatibility between endoclips that remain in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 3T (T) MRI on endoclips placed in excised pig tissues. Two types of endoclips were assessed: Olympus EZ (HX-610-135L) and QuickClip Pro (HZ-202LR). We assessed tissue damage or perforation and detachment of endoclips under 3T MRI magnetic field. We also evaluated the magnitude of force required to detach the endoclips from the porcine tissue. We measured the magnetic force acting on the Olympus EZ clips. QuickClip Pro clips were used as a control in this study. There was no tissue damage and no detachment of the endoclips (Olympus EZ and QuickClip Pro) during 3T MRI. The force required to detach the Olympus EZ clips ranged from 0.9 to 3.0 N. The translational magnetic force acting on the endoclips was 3.18 × 10

The precise measurement of the amount fraction of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) is required to understand global emission trends. Analysis of the site-specific stable isotopic composition of N2O provides a means to differentiate emission sources. The availability of accurate reference materials of known N2O amount fractions and isotopic composition is critical for achieving these goals. We present the development of nitrous oxide gas reference materials for underpinning measurements of atmospheric composition and isotope ratio. Uncertainties target the World Metrological Organisation Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) compatibility goal of 0.1 nmol mol−1 and extended compatibility goal of 0.3 nmol mol−1, for atmospheric N2O measurements in an amount fraction range of 325–335 nmol mol−1. We also demonstrate the stability of amount fraction and isotope ratio of these reference materials and present a characterisation study of the cavity ring down spectrometer used for analysis of the reference materials.

Unsaturated charge‐neutral silicon clusters (siliconoids) are important as gas‐phase intermediates between molecules and the elemental bulk. With stable zirconocene‐ and hafnocene‐substituted derivatives, we here report the first examples containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments that are readily accessible from the ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoid (1Li) and Cp2MCl2 (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands with pending tetrylene functionality were prepared by the reaction of amidinato chloro tetrylenes [PhC(NtBu)2]ECl (E=Si, Ge, Sn) with 1Li, thus confirming the principal compatibility of such low‐valent functionalities with the unsaturated Si6 cluster scaffold. The pronounced donor properties of the tetrylene/siliconoid hybrids allow for their coordination to the Fe(CO)4 fragment., The first siliconoids containing directly bonded transition‐metal fragments are readily accessible from ligato‐lithiated Si6 siliconoids and dichlorometallocenes (M=Zr, Hf). Charge‐neutral siliconoid ligands were obtained by introduction of a pending tetrylene functionality (E=Si, Ge, Sn). The corresponding Fe(CO)4 complexes were synthesized for proof of concept (silicon atoms shown as pink circles).

Recently, the problem of infection on implanted devices caused by the formation of biofilms has been recognized. Surface treatment to prevent the initial stages of bacterial adhesion and subsequent bacterial growth is the only possible solution against such infection. In this study, simple electrochemical treatment was used for introducing silver, an antibiotic agent, on the titanium surface. A porous oxide layer containing small amounts of silver was formed on the metal of the substrate. This was done by microarc oxidation using the electrolyte with silver nitrate. The porous oxide layer was almost amorphous with a small fraction of anatase phase. The samples prepared using the electrolyte containing 0.04 mM or a higher concentration of silver nitrate showed an excellent antibacterial effect against both

In order to realize all-solid-state batteries using Li metal as an ultimate negative electrode, interface formation for giving stable Li stripping/plating cycling is important. Modification of electrode–electrolyte interface is effective in improving electrochemical performance by both the insertion of Au buffer layer and the use of Li3PS4–LiI with good compatibility to Li metal.

The compatibility of the dimensions of the polymer molecular aggregates and the pore throat of the reservoir were studied. The W section of Tuha oilfield was the study area and polymers produced by Daqing Refining and Chemical Company were used. The permeability limit of the polymer molecules with different molecular masses and concentrations, matching relationship between the dimension of polymer molecular aggregates and pore throat were obtained by experiments. The results of the research are important for the development and implementation of a polymer flooding technical scheme in the middle and late stages of the operation of the Tuha oilfield.

Stress formation of monocrystals and bicrystals is investigated in specific oriented grains and grain boundaries of AA2024 alloy by using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Method (CPFEM). The simulations show that the maximum Schmid factor (SF) value and the number of equivalent initial slip system (EISS) play a principal role in controlling the magnitude of internal stress within monocrystals. For bicrystal model, Goss and Cube grains are not the best ones for relieving stress concentration caused by their orientations, but they are the best ones for relieving grain boundary (GB) stress concentration. To this end, the dependence relations are discussed between GB stress and an advanced comprehensive factor combining SF, and geometry compatibility factor for 5 independent slip systems. It is found that this proposed comprehensive factor considering the contribution from 5 to independent slip systems effectively improves its dependence on GB stress. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

In this study, three types of silicone rubbers, namely, insulative silicone rubber, conductive silicone rubber and silicone rubber with conductive as well as insulative layers are investigated for their compatibility with mineral oil. Mineral oil with different silicone rubber samples is thermally aged at 130 °C for 360 h, 720 h and 1080 h and at 23 °C, 98 °C and 130 °C for 360 h. At the end of each ageing interval, mineral oil and oil-impregnated silicone rubbers are investigated for their dielectric properties. Aged mineral oil samples are investigated for their moisture content, breakdown voltage, colour number, dissolved gases and total acid number, whereas solid insulation samples are investigated for their moisture content. Additionally, pressboard samples in mineral oil and mineral oil without any solid insulation materials are also aged under the same conditions and are investigated for their dielectric properties. From the obtained results, it can be assessed that the presence of carbon particles in conductive silicone rubber negatively impacts the dielectric properties of mineral oil. Among the investigated silicone rubbers, the insulative silicone rubber exhibits good compatibility with mineral oil and a strong potential for being used in mineral oil.

Cation disordered rock salt cathode materials have gathered increased research interest over the last couple of years due to their high specific capacity and wide array of element combinations. It is still unclear whether the capacity fading observed for this type of material is solely due to the occurrence of anionic redox reactions and consequent material degradation or also due to the side reactions between the cathode material and the carbonate-based electrolyte. In order to address it, this study compares the differences in electrochemical performance of a rock salt Li1.25Fe0.5Nb0.25O2 cathode and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) formation in both lithium metal and lithium ion cells by using a conventional carbonate-based electrolyte and an ionic liquid-based electrolyte. Thereby, the ionic liquid electrolyte promotes capacity retention, whereas the organic carbonate-based electrolyte leads to increased capacity fading and ineffective CEI formation. Severe side reactions between the carbonate-based electrolyte and the cathode material are characterized by poor Coulombic efficiency and result in continuous inner resistance growth, ongoing gas evolution, and the coverage of the cathode surface with electrolyte degradation products like LiF and Li2CO3. This study shows the mismatch of carbonate-based electrolytes with the Li1.25Fe0.5Nb0.25O2 cathode and offers a strategy that can be also applied for the improvement of performance of other disordered rock salt cathode materials.

The anodic formation of an oxide film on MoSi2 in molten MgCl2–NaCl–CaCl2 containing oxide ions has been investigated based on our former study, and the compatibility as an inert anode in the melt is discussed in contradistinction in molten LiCl–KCl. A small anodic current flew continuously during potentio-static electrolysis, and gas bubble generation was seen. The weight of MoSi2 was changed by the electrolysis, and an oxide film consisting of SiO2 and MgSiO3 was formed by the electrolysis above 1.9 V (vs. Mg/Mg2+). The current contributions estimated from the weight change and the film thickness indicate that the reaction other than the Mo dissolution and the oxide film formation enlarged with the increase in the electrolysis duration and the raise in the electrolysis potential. The current contribution other than the Mo dissolution and the oxide film formation became above 90%, which suggests MoSi2 is promising as an inert anode. A SiO2 film was formed on MoSi2 in molten LiCl–KCl containing oxide ions, but most of the current was consumed for the Mo dissolution and the oxide film formation. It is considered that the formation of MgSiO3 influences the anodic behavior of MoSi2.

Fixed-dose combinations have shown to be a great alternative to traditional polytherapy; however, development of such formulation requires thorough physicochemical compatibility investigation of active pharmaceutical ingredients to provide a stable, safe and therapeutically effective product. In this work, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, isothermal stress testing followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and chromatographic analysis as well as dissolution studies were used for physicochemical compatibility investigation of folic acid and balsalazide or olsalazine. Balsalazide and olsalazine as well as their blend were successfully characterised regarding their physicochemical properties using the mentioned techniques. Differential scanning calorimetry gave ambiguous results due to premature degradation of balsalazide. On the contrary, other techniques have implied the absence of any chemical reactions or physical changes in prepared blends. Obtained result imply that folic acid is compatible with both balsalazide and olsalazine which goes in favour of developing proposed fixed-dose combinations. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Anatase TiO2 represents an attractive electrode material for application in sodium-ion batteries due to its relatively low cost, high environmental compatibility, high intrinsic safety, conferred b...

Energy storage (2021). doi:10.1002/est2.299, Published by Wiley, Bognor Regis

To study the compatibility especially the corrosion characteristic of structural material stainless steel (SS) with liquid lithium (Li) is an important factor for the simultaneous application of liquid Li and SS as a blanket material or potential plasma facing material (PFM) in future fusion devices. The corrosion behaviors of 304SS exposed to liquid Li at 700 K for 1320 hr under high vacuum were investigated. After exposure to liquid Li, 304SS produces non-uniform corrosion which includes corrosion products and grain boundary corrosion. Compared with the corrosion behaviors at 600 K and 640 K, temperature plays an important role in the corrosion behaviors of 304SS in static liquid Li. The weight loss, corrosion depth and corrosion products of 304SS specimens increase with the corrosion temperature. In general, the compatibility between 304SS and static liquid Li is relatively good under the experimental conditions. And besides, it is unexpectedly found that the compatibility of copper with Li is not good.

Sandstorms have been recognized as severe natural disasters worldwide and it is of great significance to propose an effective and environmentally friendly method to combat sandstorm. In this study, the enzymatic calcification (EC) treatment technology was used for mineralization crust and desert sand solidification. Both laboratory experiments and field site tests were conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of EC treatment to improve wind-erosion resistance and rainfall-erosion resistance. Results showed that with the concentration of reactants higher than 0.25 M or the ratio of urease solution to the cementation solution above 0.8, the improvement effects of wind-erosion resistance and rainfall-erosion resistance decreased. Therefore, the 0.25 M of reagent concentration and 0.8 of ratio of urease solution to the cementation solution were chosen for subsequent field site test. The two test sites had similar CaCO3 contents, thus obtaining a similar increasing range of surface strength. However, the test site one had larger surface strengths due to thicker cemented crust layers. Both the two test sites had sufficient wind-erosion resistance because of crust layer. Moreover, rainfalls decreased surface strength; the surface strength recovered to a high level after water evaporation. In addition, the effect of rainfall on thickness of crust layer and CaCO3 was small. The EC treatment had good ecological compatibility, and the combined EC and grass seed treatment was effective for mitigation of desertification. The results demonstrated that EC treatment significantly improved both wind-erosion and rainfall-erosion resistance, which presents promising potential for anti-desertification.

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy represents an important technique to understand the structure and bonding environments of molecules. There exists a drive to characterize materials under conditions relevant to the chemical process of interest. To address this, in situ high-temperature, high-pressure MAS NMR methods have been developed to enable the observation of chemical interactions over a range of pressures (vacuum to several hundred bar) and temperatures (well below 0 °C to 250 °C). Further, the chemical identity of the samples can be comprised of solids, liquids, and gases or mixtures of the three. The method incorporates all-zirconia NMR rotors (sample holder for MAS NMR) which can be sealed using a threaded cap to compress an O-ring. This rotor exhibits great chemical resistance, temperature compatibility, low NMR background, and can withstand high pressures. These combined factors enable it to be utilized in a wide range of system combinations, which in turn permit its use in diverse fields as carbon sequestration, catalysis, material science, geochemistry, and biology. The flexibility of this technique makes it an attractive option for scientists from numerous disciplines.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:13:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-10-07 This paper aims to evaluate treatments on pine strands as well as wood-cement compatibility. The strands were prepared and then were submitted to four treatments (untreated; cold water, hot water and NaOH). Physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties of the strands were measured. Wood-cement composites were produced with all strand treatments. To evaluate the strand effects on the cement hydration, axial compression tests were conducted at 28-day. The phases of the matrix of the composites at 24 h 7- and 28-day were also determinate. Fourier transform infrared spectra shows that, although the treatments partially removed the hemicellulose and extractives, they also reduced the cellulose and lignin bands. Axial compression results indicated that there were no differences between values for the composites with untreated and treated strands. For the phase analyses, in the initial ages (24 h and 7-day), it was identified that portlandite for cement sample (control) is higher than those containing the strands. At 28-day, it was found that among the strands, the untreated have the lower portlandite content and the higher calcium carbonate content. Indicating the cement carbonation over time as presented in the cement sample (control). Therefore, the untreated pine residual strand showed good compatibility with cement and for this study there were no benefits on treating the strands. Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering Department of Biosystems Engineering University of São Paulo (USP) NSERC Industrial Research Chair on Ecoresponsible Wood Construction (CIRCERB) Forest and Wood Sciences Department Laval University School of Engineering Department of Materials and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP) School of Engineering Department of Materials and Technology São Paulo State University (UNESP)

We break the limit of grain refinement and strength of low-carbon steel by tuning deformation compatibility of heterostructure., Ultrastrong materials can notably help with improving the energy efficiency of transportation vehicles by reducing their weight. Grain refinement by severe plastic deformation is, so far, the most effective approach to produce bulk strong nanostructured metals, but its scaling up for industrial production has been a challenge. Here, we report an ultrastrong (2.15 GPa) low-carbon nanosteel processed by heterostructure and interstitial mediated warm rolling. The nanosteel consists of thin (~17.8 nm) lamellae, which was enabled by two unreported mechanisms: (i) improving deformation compatibility of dual-phase heterostructure by adjusting warm rolling temperature and (ii) segregating carbon atoms to lamellar boundaries to stabilize the nanolamellae. Defying our intuition, warm rolling produced finer lamellae than cold rolling, which demonstrates the potential and importance of tuning deformation compatibility of interstitial containing heterostructure for nanocrystallization. This previously unreported approach is applicable to most low-carbon, low-alloy steels for producing ultrahigh strength materials in industrial scale.

In biomedical implant applications, porous metallic structures are particularly appealing as they enhance the stiffness compatibility with the host tissue. The mechanical properties of the porous material are critically affected by microstructural features, such as the pore shape, the distribution of porosity, and the level of porosity. In this study, mechanical properties of porous commercially pure titanium structures with various porosity levels were investigated through a combination of experiments and finite element modelling. Finite element simulations were conducted on representative volume elements of the microstructure to assess the role of pore parameters on the effective mechanical properties. Modelling results indicated that the shape of the pore, in addition to porosity level, play a significant role on the effective behaviour. Finite element simulations provide reasonably accurate prediction of the effective Young’s modulus, with errors as low as 0.9% for porosity of 35%. It was observed that the large spread in yield strength produced by the simulations was most likely due to the random pore distribution in the network, which may lead to a high probability of plastic strain initiation within the thin walls of the porous network.

Metallic materials made of rather precious alloys are widely used in orthopedic surgery, circulatory system, and dentistry fields. Stainless steel coated by alloys with a variety of physiochemical properties can be an excellent candidate for making economical devices with superior biomedical compatibility. In this study, a Fe- based metallic glass alloy was applied on 316L stainless steel (316L SS) using the electro-spark deposition (ESD) method as an economic and easy handling method. The coated samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that a metallic glass coating was uniformly formed on the stainless steel substrate. Cytocompatibility (MTT assay), hemocompatibility, and cell attachment assays of the fabricated biomaterials were carried out using bone and connective tissue cell lines. The samples with optimized coating were shown to exert lower cytotoxicity, better cell attachment, and higher blood compatibility than the stainless steel substrates.

A new, efficient copper-catalyzed C(sp2)–S formation of phenyl dithiocarbamates starting from aryl iodides and tetramethylthiuram monosulfide (TMTM) was developed. The target compounds, phenyl dithiocarbamates with active sites, were synthesized smoothly in good to excellent yields. The easy performance, high yields, decent functional group compatibility, and cost-effective substrates make the protocol practical and attractive in C–S bond formation.

Surfactant Enhanced In-Situ Chemical Oxidation (S-ISCO) is an emerging technology in the remediation of sites with residual Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (DNAPLs), a ubiquitous problem in the environment and a challenge to solve. In this work, three nonionic surfactants: E-Mulse3® (E3), Tween80 (T80), and a mixture of Tween80-Span80 (TS80), and an anionic surfactant: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), combined with persulfate activated by alkali (PSA) as oxidant have been investigated to remove the DNAPL generated as liquid waste in lindane production, which is composed of 28 chlorinated organic compounds (COCs). Because the compatibility between surfactants and oxidants is a key aspect in the S-ISCO effectiveness the unproductive consumption of PS by surfactants was investigated in batch (up to 864 h) varying the initial concentration of PS (84–42 mmol·L−1) and surfactants (0–12 g·L−1) and the NaOH:PS molar ratio (1 and 2). The solubilization capacity of a partially oxidized surfactant was analyzed by estimating its Equivalent Surfactant Capacity, ESC, (as mmolCOCs dissolved gsurf−1) and comparing it to the expected value for an unoxidized surfactant, ESCo. Finally, the abatement of DNAPL with simultaneous addition of surfactant and PSA was studied. At the conditions used, a negligible unproductive consumption of PS was found by SDS; meanwhile, PS consumption at 360 h ranged between 70 and 80% using the nonionic surfactants. The highest ratios of ESC/ESCo were found with SDS and E3 and these surfactants were chosen for the S-ISCO treatment. When oxidant and surfactant were simultaneously applied for DNAPL abatement the COC conversion was more than three times higher with E3 (0.6 at 360 h) than SDS. Moreover, it was obtained that the time needed for the removal of a mass of DNAPL by PSA in the absence of surfactants was notably higher than the time required when a suitable surfactant was added.

Mg0.5Ca alloys are potentially biocompatible, osteoconductive, biodegradable metallic materials that can be used in bone repair due to their in situ degradation in the body. Adding rare earth elements such as gadolinium, the degradation rate of Mg-0.5Ca-xGd [x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5 wt%] alloy taken into study is reduced. SEM, EDS were used for morphological characterization and also noninvasive testing (Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy and ultrasound method) were used to determine the mechanical characteristics. The influence of gadolinium over the properties and structure of this alloy is studied, to choose the optimal percent of alloying elements added for compatibility with human bones.

Background: To assess color compatibility between dental structures (human enamel and dentine) and three different types of ceramic systems. Methods: Samples (1 and 2 mm-thick) of extracted tooth (containing dentine and enamel areas) and three ceramic systems with different shades and opacities (HT–High Translucent, T–Translucent) were prepared for this study: Vita Suprinity—VS (HT, T; A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, C2, D2) (Vita Zahnfabrik); Vita Enamic—VE (HT, T; 1M1, 1M2, 2M2, 3M2) (Vita Zahnfabrik) and Noritake Super Porcelain EX-3—NKT (A1, A2, A3, A3.5, B2, C2, D2) (Kuraray Noritake Dental). Reflectance measurements of all samples were performed over black backgrounds using a non-contact spectroradiometer (SpectraScan PR-670, Photo Research) under a CIE 45°/0° geometry. CIE L*a*b* color parameters were measured and CIELAB/CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00/ΔE* ab) and corresponding Coverage Error (CE) of ceramic system for dentine or enamel samples were calculated. Color data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc multiple comparisons tests. CE values were interpreted by comparisons with available 50:50% acceptability color threshold (AT) for dentistry. Results: Statistically significant differences in lightness were found among all ceramic systems and human dentine (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were registered between enamel and VSHT, T and VEHT. 1 mm dentine showed no statistical differences with VST and VSHT for a* coordinate, while 2 mm dentine showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) with VEHT. Thin samples (1 mm) of dentine and enamel showed significant statistical differences (p < 0.05) for b* coordinate with less translucent materials (NKT, VET and VST). For dentine samples, none of the ceramic materials provided a CE lower than AT. VSHT provided the best CE for 1 mm-thick ( CE00 = 1.7, CEab = 1.9) and for 2 mm-thick ( CE00 = 2.3; CEab = 2.5) enamel samples. Conclusions: Color coordinates of evaluated esthetic ceramic systems were statistically different from those of human dentine in almost all cases. The evaluated ZrO2 lithium silicate glass–ceramic (VS), with its two levels of translucency, provided lower CE values with human enamel samples while conventional feldspathic ceramic (NKT) and hybrid ceramic systems (VE) demonstrated a better color compatibility with dentin samples., Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS) Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) PN-III-P1-1.1-PD-2016-0742, Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities PGC2018-101904-A-I00, University of Granada A.TEP.280.UGR18

Hydrogel coating has been attractive to improve titanium implants’ compatibility with biological surroundings and their performance in clinic. Herein, a CaCO3 layer is fabricated at the interface of hydrogel–titanium to achieve strong interfacial bonding. This strategy does not require complicated surface modifications and has good prospects in the field of biomedical applications.

This study explored modification of an alkaline heat treated titanium surface, using magnesium ions, to improve bone compatibility through the sustained release of magnesium ions. Pure titanium surface was first subjected to alkaline treatment using 5 M NaOH then modified with magnesium through immersion in magnesium chloride solution before heating in a furnace at 600°C for 1 h. Use of at least 0.01 M magnesium chloride solution for at least 0.5 min, leads to introduction of 1.7 to 2.3 at% magnesium at a distribution close to saturation on the titanium surface. The modified titanium surface sustained long term release of magnesium ions in acidic solution for more than 168 h. It was further demonstrated that the process of sustained release of magnesium ions is influenced by pH and can be triggered by lowering it from neutral to 3.

Interface strains and lattice distortion are inevitable issues during perovskite crystallization. Silane as a coupling agent is a popular connector to enhance the compatibility between inorganic and organic materials in semiconductor devices. Herein, a protonated amine silane coupling agent (PASCA-Br) interlayer between TiO2 and perovskite layers is adopted to directionally grasp both of them by forming the structural component of a lattice unit. The pillowy alkyl ammonium bromide terminals at the upper side of the interlayer provide well-matched growth sites for the perovskite, leading to mitigated interface strain and ensuing lattice distortion; meanwhile, its superior chemical compatibility presents an ideal effect on healing the under-coordinated Pb atoms and halogen vacancies of bare perovskite crystals. The PASCA-Br interlayer also serves as a mechanical buffer layer, inducing less cracked perovskite film when bending. The developed molecular-level flexible interlayer provides a promising interfacial engineering for perovskite solar cells and their flexible application.

This study reports the tribological characteristics of trimethylolpropane trioleate (TMPTO) additivated with antifriction and antiwear additives, which are ionic liquid (IL), glycerol monooleate (GMO), and molybdenum dithiocarbamate (MoDTC). In addition, to obtain the ideal composition that results in the minimal coefficient of friction (COF), optimization tool was employed using response surface methodology (RSM) technique with the Box–Behnken design. The IL used in this study was a phosphorus-type IL, namely trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinate, [P14,6,6,6][TMPP]. The resulting COF and worn surface morphology were investigated using high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) tribotester and scanning electron microscope with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), respectively. From the experimental results, a second-order polynomial mathematical model was constructed and able to statistically predict the resulting COF. The optimized values that resulted in the lowest average COF of 0.0458 were as follows: 0.93 wt% IL, 1.49 wt% GMO, and 0.52 wt% MoDTC. The addition of IL into neat base oil managed to reduce the COF, while the combination of IL, GMO, and MoDTC at optimum concentration further reduced the average COF and wear as observed through SEM micrographs when compared with those of additive-free TMPTO, suggesting that GMO and MoDTC were compatible to be used with IL.

Efficient borylation reaction of diazonium salts in water is realized for the first time by using easily prepared, highly emissive and crystalline carbon dots. Electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on diazonium salts were well tolerated with moderate to good conversion efficiency. Compared with widely used metal complexes, organic dyes and quantum dots, the approach presented herein uses carbon dots, which are nontoxic and possess good biological and medicinal compatibility and high reactivity. Therefore, this approach presents a new prospective use for carbon dots in green chemistry.

This study mathematically presents a counterflow non-premixed thermochemical technique for preparing a particle oxide used for cancer diagnosis and treatment. For this purpose, preheating, reaction, melting, and oxidation processes were simulated considering an asymptotic concept. Mass and energy conservation equations in dimensional and non-dimensional forms were solved using MATLAB®. To preserve the continuity in the system and calculate the locations of melting and flame fronts, promising jump conditions were derived. In this research, variations in flame temperature, flame front location and mass fractions of the particle, particle oxide and oxidizer, with position, Lewis number and initial temperature of the particles were investigated. The simulation results were compared with those obtained from an earlier experimental study under the same conditions. Regarding the comparison, an appropriate compatibility was observed between the results. Based on the simulation results, flame temperature was found to be about 1310 K. Positions of flame and melting fronts were found to be − 1.8 mm and − 1.78 mm, respectively.

Ceramic/polymer hybrid solid electrolytes (HSEs) have attracted worldwide attentions because they can overcome defects by combining the advantages of ceramic electrolytes (CEs) and solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). However, the interface compatibility of CEs and SPEs in HSE limits their full function to a great extent. Herein, a flexible ceramic/polymer HSE is prepared via in situ coupling reaction. Ceramic and polymer are closely combined by strong chemical bonds, thus the problem of interface compatibility is resolved and the ions can transport rapidly by an expressway. The as-prepared membrane demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 9.83 × 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature and a high Li+ transference numbers of 0.68. This in situ coupling reaction method provides an effective way to resolve the problem of interface compatibility.

Recent years have witnessed significant advances in molecular synthesis through rationally designed dual catalysis. Major achievements in dual catalysis have been accomplished with the aid of highly chemoselective palladium/copper and palladium/nickel catalyst systems. These examples have showcased the full compatibility of transition-metal catalysts with one another. To date, numerous examples of palladium/copper or palladium/nickel catalysis have been successfully performed, demonstrating the achievement of chemical syntheses via greener processes with alternative energy sources.