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Objective: To explore migrant physicians’ conceptions about working in rural and remote areas in Sweden to understand what influences their motivation to work in these areas. Method and material: The study employed a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews with 24 migrant physicians. Transcripts were thematically analysed. Results: Conceptions were identified about foremost work content and tasks, and about living in rural and remote areas. Work content and tasks related to the health care systems, type of health care facility, duties, specialty, resources, patient population, colleagues, and professional development. Conceptions about living concerned geographical characteristics, people living in rural and remote areas, opportunities for travelling, family, leisure activities, social life, and language skills. Conceptions seemed to be influenced by individual, professional and societal aspects from both previous countries and Sweden. Conceptions and biographical aspects both appeared to affect motivation. Discussion: Motivation regarding working in rural and remote areas appeared to be influenced by conceptions of these areas. A specific type of place could be understood as being able to provide (or not) the external conditions needed for fulfilling needs and reaching goals, whether professional or personal, and as a tool for reaching or facilitating the achievement of these. Conceptions of an area can hence affect motivation and choices for where to work and live. However, biographical aspects also impact motivation. Our results indicate that positive rural experience in the recipient country might be a predictor for motivation. Conclusion: Professional and personal life and are intertwined. Conceptions about an area influence willingness to work there. Willingness is also affected by, and intertwined with, other aspects such as previous experiences, age, marital status and family circumstances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has recently been proposed that gravitationally lensed type-Ia supernovae can provide microlensing-free time-delay measurements provided that the measurement is taken during the achromatic expansion phase of the explosion and that color light curves are used rather than single-band light curves. If verified, this would provide both precise and accurate time-delay measurements, making lensed type-Ia supernovae a new golden standard for time-delay cosmography. However, the 3D geometry of the expanding shell can introduce an additional bias that has not yet been fully explored. In this work, we present and discuss the impact of this effect on time-delay cosmography with lensed supernovae and find that on average it leads to a bias of a few tenths of a day for individual lensed systems. This is negligible in view of the cosmological time delays predicted for typical lensed type-Ia supernovae but not for the specific case of the recently discovered type-Ia supernova iPTF16geu, whose time delays are expected to be smaller than a day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Llull: Revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Historia de las Ciencias y de las Tecnicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mouseion is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Cosmography of Anonymous of Ravenna summarized the geographical knowledge of the era of the author. The Cosmography incorporates both data coming from the books of ancient authors and information from Anonymous of Ravenna's own era. Anonymous of Ravenna put down the ancient Roman and Greek geographical names, but by the 7th century, the content and meaning of these had changed. In ancient geographical literature Hyrcania was a lesser country located to the southeast of the Caspian Sea, however in the Cosmography, the region of Hyrcania extended over the whole of Central Asia. Thus, by the 7th century, the meaning of Hyrcania had changed. The area of Hyrcania lay between the Caspian Sea and China, and between Parthia and the steppe zone. The great rivers of Central Asia (Amu Darya, Syr Darya, Murghab) ran across the region of Hyrcania. According to Anonymous of Ravenna, Hyrcania had eleven provinces, among which he named three Scythian provinces, which can identified with the territories of nomadic people. The provinces of Hyrcania got their names from ancient nations. Anonymous of Ravenna also listed twenty cities of Hyrcania, but most of these were situated in the area of the Caucasus. Anonymous of Ravenna called Hyrcania a country (patria) consisting of provinces, thus he considered it as a politically organized region. Therefore, we can assume that Anonymous of Ravenna described Central Asia as an empire under the name of Hyrcania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Teología y Vida is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Facultad de Teologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since Hester Pulter's manuscript poems came to light in 1996, critics have been seeking information about the poet's friends. This article provides information about her neighbours, the Stanley family, whose literary connections read like a 'who's who' of early modern writers, including, among others, the poets Thomas Stanley, Richard Lovelace, William Hammond, Andrew Marvell, Edward Sherburne, and the Sandys family. Positing that Pulter's poetry influenced the work of Marvell and also perhaps that of Abraham Cowley, this article encourages us to rethink some of our gendered attitudes to female poets' participation in English and European literary networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an approach to one aspect of the relationship between "science" and "technics" - or, more properly, between the "practical" and the "speculative" - in Portugal in Francisco de Holanda's lifetime, which may be relevant to an analogical understanding of his supposed concerns with the social status of artists and the dignity of painting. Our argument relates to the disputes between cosmographers and ship pilots concerning the relative value of their forms of knowledge and their positions in patronage circuits and in the State apparatus. The paper also investigates, as a case study, the upward career path of cosmographer João Baptista Lavanha, whose life partially overlaps with Holanda's. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern time-delay cosmography aims to infer the cosmological parameters with a competitive precision from observing a multiply imaged quasar. The success of this technique relies upon a robust modeling of the lens mass distribution. Unfortunately strong degeneracies between density profiles that lead to almost the same lensing observables may bias precise estimates of the Hubble constant. The source position transformation (SPT), which covers the well-known mass-sheet transformation (MST) as a special case, defines a new framework to investigate these degeneracies. In this paper, we present pySPT, a python package dedicated to the SPT. We describe how it can be used to evaluate the impact of the SPT on lensing observables. We review most of its capabilities and elaborate on key features that we used in a companion paper regarding SPT and time delays. The pySPT program also comes with a subpackage dedicated to simple lens modeling. This can be used to generate lensing related quantities for a wide variety of lens models independent of any SPT analysis. As a first practical application, we present a correction to the first estimate of the impact on time delays of the SPT, which has been experimentally found in a previous work between a softened power law and composite (baryons + dark matter) lenses. We find that the large deviations previously predicted have been overestimated because of a minor bug in the public lens modeling code lensmodel (v1.99), which is now fixed. We conclude that the predictions for the Hubble constant deviate by ∼7%, first and foremost as a consequence of an MST. The latest version of pySPT is available on Github, a software development platform, along with some tutorials to describe in detail how making the best use of pySPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes and analyzes Wixarika mythology related to rivers, oceans and rain, especially in light of the concerns for their mythology raised by the construction of two hydroelectric dams: one already constructed at Aguamilpa on the Grande de Santiago River, and another soon to be built on the San Pedro River. The objective of the essay is to underscore some principles for understanding the internal logic of Wixarika rhetoric in terms of otherness and the transformation of tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay re-examines the detailed arguments by Ludwik Antoni Birkenmajer (1855-1929) and Curtis Wilson (1921-2012) about how Copernicus's rejection of Ptolemy's solution to the problem of the non-uniform motions of the planets and the Moon led him to his first version of the heliocentric theory. The essay then acknowledges the speculative character of their reconstructions, the problem of anachronism in both accounts, and the mistakes that Copernicus himself made. By following their basic insights, however, readers can understand how the inconsistency in Ptolemy's preservation of the axiom of uniform motion motivated Copernicus -- first, to seek an alternative solution, and, second, to question eccentrics, which, in turn, led him to investigate epicycles. The concluding section complements their accounts, leading to an original interpretation of Copernicus's reliance on medieval Polish developments in dialectical reasoning and on a comment in one of the books (now at Uppsala) that he annotated to develop his new vision and to construct the postulates near the beginning of Commentariolus (ca. 1510). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new time-varying deceleration parameter for the description of a unified cosmological evolution (early inflation, deceleration and present acceleration) using Padé approximation. Within the background of Einstein’s general relativity and for a spatially flat homogeneous and isotropic model, the proposed deceleration parameter leads to a variable equation of state of effective matter that serves all matter within EoS − 1 ≤ ω ≤ 1 (quintessence, relativistic and non-relativistic baryonic matter, stiff matter and cosmological constant), exactly in the same order as it required for various evolutionary phases of the universe. We consider a minimally coupled scalar field with self-interacting potential as the only matter source in the universe. The adopted scheme allows us to determine the potential for the scalar field that drives the cosmological evolution proposed by the deceleration parameter. We perform an explicit numerical computation where analytical solutions are not possible. We examine the validity of the model by depicting the statefinder parameters and comparing them with the recent observational outcomes of cosmography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The central ambition of the modern time delay cosmography consists in determining the Hubble constant H0 with a competitive precision. However, the tension with H0 obtained from the Planck satellite for a spatially flat ΛCDM cosmology suggests that systematic errors may have been underestimated. The most critical of these errors probably comes from the degeneracy existing between lens models that was first formalized by the well-known mass-sheet transformation (MST). In this paper, we assess to what extent the source position transformation (SPT), a more general invariance transformation which contains the MST as a special case, may affect the time delays predicted by a model. To this aim, we have used pySPT, a new open-source python package fully dedicated to the SPT that we present in a companion paper. For axisymmetric lenses, we find that the time delay ratios between a model and its SPT-modified counterpart simply scale like the corresponding source position ratios, Δtˆ/Δt ≈ βˆ/β $\mathrm{\Delta} \hat{t}/ \mathrm{\Delta} t \approx \hat{\beta}/\beta$ Δ t ^ / Δ t ≈ β ^ / β , regardless of the mass profile and the isotropic SPT. Similar behavior (almost) holds for nonaxisymmetric lenses in the double image regime and for opposite image pairs in the quadruple image regime. In the latter regime, we also confirm that the time delay ratios are not conserved. In addition to the MST effects, the SPT-modified time delays deviate in general no more than a few percent for particular image pairs, suggesting that its impact on time delay cosmography seems not be as crucial as initially suspected. We also reflected upon the relevance of the SPT validity criterion and present arguments suggesting that it should be reconsidered. Even though a new validity criterion would affect the time delays in a different way, we expect from numerical simulations that our conclusions will remain unchanged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the inflationary era with slow-roll approximation in the perspective of cosmography parameters. The slow-roll parameters are determined in terms of cosmography parameters and then the cosmography parameters are constrained by the slow-roll approximations. The three important parameters in inflationary scenario, namely the spectral index, tensor to scalar ratio and number of e-foldings, are also expressed in terms of cosmography parameters. Finally, all relevant parameters are analyzed graphically for a known inflationary solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the influence of Portuguese artisans on the development of navigation and nautical science in Seville in the 16th century. It argues that their work was important not just for the experience and skills they offered, but also because of their indirect impact on the narrative of knowledge dissemination and control in Spanish navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armed with a scholarship to find an answer to the question “What is geography?” Simion Mehedinţi's studies took him to continental Europe's three main centers of geographic thought: Paris, Berlin, and Leipzig. We explore how his innovative ideas flourished, especially in Leipzig under Ratzel. The first Romanian geographer, Mehedinţi, must be credited with having defined geography as a science of mutual relationships between geospheres. This thinking reached its pinnacle in two complex books, Terra and Ethnos, the contents of which we synthetically explore. We also trace the unfavorable historical and geopolitical conditions that led to this pioneering work being little recognized worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study deals with Celtis' practice of rewriting and recontextualizing his own poetry. His poem To the literary odality of Hungarians (Ad sodalitatem litterariam Ungarorum, Odes II.2), addressed to a Hungarian 'coetus' (not a 'sodalitas') was fi rst published in 1492. Through a detailed analysis of the poem, I claim that this ode was not directed to an academic circle of friends in Buda, but rather to the 'bursa Hungarorum' at the University of Cracow. As Celtis took up teaching in Ingolstadt in the spring of 1492, he published the Epitoma, which contained his course material on rhetoric from Cracow, and contained fi ve poems, including this poem, which he composed while still in Poland. Consequently, it cannot be regarded as a proof of the continuity of academic thought between the Neo-platonic circles of King Matthias (1485-1490) and the Vienna-centered Sodalitas Danubiana of 1497. Around 1500, to please his Hungarian aristocratic friends in the Sodalitas Danubiana, he revised the same poem in Vienna and added it to the cycle of his Odes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we obtain a holographic model of dark energy using the fluid/gravity duality. This model will be dual to a higher dimensional Schwarzschild black hole, and we would use fluid/gravity duality to relate to the parameters of this black hole to such a cosmological model. We will also analyze the thermodynamics of such a solution, and discuss the stability model. Finally, we use cosmological data to constraint the parametric space of this dark energy model. Thus, we will use observational data to perform cosmography for this holographic model based on fluid/gravity duality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The limits of standard cosmography are here revised addressing the problem of error propagation during statistical analyses. To do so, we propose the use of Chebyshev polynomials to parametrize cosmic distances. In particular, we demonstrate that building up rational Chebyshev polynomials significantly reduces error propagations with respect to standard Taylor series. This technique provides unbiased estimations of the cosmographic parameters and performs significatively better than previous numerical approximations. To figure this out, we compare rational Chebyshev polynomials with Padé series. In addition, we theoretically evaluate the convergence radius of (1,1) Chebyshev rational polynomial and we compare it with the convergence radii of Taylor and Padé approximations. We thus focus on regions in which convergence of Chebyshev rational functions is better than standard approaches. With this recipe, as high-redshift data are employed, rational Chebyshev polynomials remain highly stable and enable one to derive highly accurate analytical approximations of Hubble's rate in terms of the cosmographic series. Finally, we check our theoretical predictions by setting bounds on cosmographic parameters through Monte Carlo integration techniques, based on the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm. We apply our technique to high-redshift cosmic data, using the Joint Light-curve Analysis supernovae sample and the most recent versions of Hubble parameter and baryon acoustic oscillation measurements. We find that cosmography with Taylor series fails to be predictive with the aforementioned data sets, while turns out to be much more stable using the Chebyshev approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a previous article the watermarks in the text and map pages of the Rome editions of Ptolemy’s Cosmography were described. This article shows how they can be used to reveal hidden knowledge about the development and chronology of the 1507/8 Rome edition of Ptolemy’s Cosmography. It also discusses the discovery of new states of three maps and the appearance of the Ruysch world map in these editions. Atlases in several institutes and libraries in Europe were studied firsthand, whereas information and photographs of atlases in libraries in the United States were collected by e-mail correspondence and internet downloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I present a timely spectroscopic follow-up of the newly discovered, quadruply lensed quasar PSOJ0147 from the Pan-STARRS 1 survey. The newly acquired optical spectra with GMOS onboard the Gemini North Telescope allow us to pin down the redshifts of both the foreground lensing galaxy and the background lensed quasar to be z = 0.572 and 2.341, providing a firm basis for cosmography with future high-cadence photometric monitoring. I also inspect difference spectra from two of the quasar images, revealing the microlensing effect. Long-term spectroscopic follow-ups will shed lights on the structure of the active galactic nucleus and its environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cahokia’s cultural influence altered patterns of social organization throughout the Midwest, and this complex historical process warrants further interregional research. Ramey Incised jars were cosmograms through which Cahokians attempted to frame relationships among different social groups and the broader cosmos. The exchange, and subsequent emulation, of these ritually charged vessels provided opportunities for hinterland groups to do the same. But did hinterland Mississippian peoples adopt a Cahokian understanding of the cosmos wholesale or reinterpret it based on local understandings and histories? To address this question, this paper examines variation in Ramey Incised iconographic motifs and design fields from the Lower Illinois River valley, Central Illinois River valley, Apple River valley, and the Aztalan site (47JE1). The data are then statistically compared with Emerson’s typology from the American Bottom, highlighting ground-level patterns of material variation which can be used to interpret the ways in which local peoples negotiated the spread of dominant ideologies and religious practices. Analysis of these patterns suggests regional differences in the perceived composition and structure of the cosmos and reveals the power of local worldviews in culture contact scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]