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Background: Wearable technology research suggests that nocturnal movements are disturbed in early Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we investigate if patients also already experience impaired bed mobility before PD diagnosis. Furthermore, we explore its association with motor and nonmotor features and its value for phenoconversion and disease progression prediction. Methods: PPMI data were downloaded for de novo PD subjects, subjects at-risk for developing a synucleinopathy (with isolated REM sleep behavior disorder, hyposmia or a pathogenic genetic variant)and controls. Impaired bed mobility was assessed with the MDS-UPDRS part 2 item 9. A frequency analysis was performed. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association with other PD variables. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to test if difficulties with turning in bed could predict phenoconversion. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate if difficulties with turning in bed could predict disease progression. Results: Of the at-risk subjects, 9.2–12.5% experienced difficulties with turning in bed vs. 25.0% of de novo PD subjects and 2.5% of controls. Impaired turning ability was associated with MDS-UPDRS motorscore (axial signs in the at-risk group, bradykinesia in the de novo PD group) and SCOPA-AUT score (gastrointestinal symptoms). In addition, difficulties with turning in bed were a significant predictor for phenoconversion in the at-risk group and for development of motor complications in the de novo PD group. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that difficulties with turning in bed can be helpful as clinical symptom for a prodromal PD screening and for motor complication prediction in early PD.

INTRODUCTIONRecent studies implicate the effect of vestibular loss on cognitive decline, including hippocampal volume loss. As hippocampal atrophy is an important biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease, exploring vestibular dysfunction as a risk factor for dementia and its role in hippocampal atrophy is of interest.METHODSHippocampal and whole-brain MRI volumes were compared in adults aged between 55 and 83 years: (1) to substantiate previous literature, bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) was compared to healthy controls, (2) to correct for a potential confounding effect of concomitant hearing loss, BV was compared to healthy controls matched on age, sex, and hearing status, (3) to additionally evaluate the isolated effect of hearing loss on brain structure, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, to delineate otolith influence on hippocampal volume in preserved vestibular function (healthy controls and SNHL combined), saccular function was investigated.RESULTSWhole-brain and targeted hippocampal approaches using volumetric and surface-based measures yielded no significant differences in either of three comparisons: (1) BV versus controls, (2) BV versus matched controls, and (3) SNHL versus controls. Binary support vector machines were unable to classify inner ear health status above chance level. Otolith parameters were significantly associated with hippocampal volume in preserved vestibular function.CONCLUSIONNo significant differences in whole-brain or hippocampal volume were found when comparing BV with healthy controls, nor did concomitant SNHL confound this relationship. Otolith function may be associated with hippocampal volume rather than lateral semicircular canal integrity. Future BV studies should generally incorporate otolith function testing.Key pointsRecent research suggests an association between vestibular function and cognition.Hippocampal atrophy is an important biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease.Bilateral vestibular loss did not modulate hippocampal or whole-brain volume.Otolith function may influence hippocampal volume.Future vestibular research should incorporate otolith function testing.

A number of stressors and inflammatory mediators (cytokines, proteases, oxidative stress mediators) released during inflammation or ischemia stimulate and activate cells in blood, the vessel wall or tissues. The most well-known functional and phenotypic responses of activated cells are (1) the immediate expression and/or release of stored or newly synthesized bioactive molecules, and (2) membrane blebbing followed by release of microvesicles. An ultimate response, namely the formation of extracellular traps by neutrophils (NETs), is outside the scope of this work. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview on the mechanism of plasminogen reception and activation at the surface of cell-derived microvesicles, new actors in fibrinolysis and proteolysis. The role of microvesicle-bound plasmin in pathological settings involving inflammation, atherosclerosis, angiogenesis, and tumour growth, remains to be investigated. Further studies are necessary to determine if profibrinolytic microvesicles are involved in a finely regulated equilibrium with pro-coagulant microvesicles, which ensures a balanced haemostasis, leading to the maintenance of vascular patency., Un certain nombre de facteurs de stress et de médiateurs inflammatoires (cytokines, protéases, médiateurs du stress oxydatif) libérés pendant l'inflammation ou l'ischémie stimulent et activent les cellules du sang, de la paroi vasculaire ou des tissus. Les réponses fonctionnelles et phénotypiques les plus connues des cellules activées sont (1) l'expression et/ou la libération immédiate de molécules bioactives stockées ou nouvellement synthétisées, et (2) le décollement de la membrane suivi de la libération de microvésicules. Une réponse ultime, à savoir la formation de pièges extracellulaires par les neutrophiles (NETs), sort du cadre de ce travail. L'objectif principal de cet article est de donner un aperçu du mécanisme de réception et d'activation du plasminogène à la surface des microvésicules dérivées des cellules, nouveaux acteurs de la fibrinolyse et de la protéolyse. Le rôle de la plasmine liée aux microvésicules dans des contextes pathologiques impliquant l'inflammation, l'athérosclérose, l'angiogenèse et la croissance tumorale, reste à étudier. D'autres études sont nécessaires pour déterminer si les microvésicules profibrinolytiques sont impliquées dans un équilibre finement régulé avec les microvésicules pro-coagulantes, qui assure une hémostase équilibrée, conduisant au maintien de la perméabilité vasculaire.

Objectives: To ascertain the involvement of palliative care with neurology services in the care of people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in the United Kingdom, Italy and Switzerland, in particular the collaboration with and referral from neurology, the involvement in multidisciplinary team care and in the respiratory support of ALS patients. Methods: In 2019, two online surveys were undertaken of palliative care specialists, using specialist groups of the European Academy of Neurology, European Association of Palliative Care and the Association of Palliative Medicine for Great Britain and Ireland. Results: The respondents were specialist palliative care professionals, predominantly senior doctors, involved in the care of people with ALS. As the numbers of respondents from many countries were in single figures the analysis was restricted to the United Kingdom, Italy and Switzerland. The time of involvement varied, with early involvement commonest in the UK. Barriers to referral included neurologists not referring and financial issues, particularly in Switzerland. The reluctance of patients and families to see palliative care services was reported as less than 20% in all countries. Respondents were often involved in the care of people receiving noninvasive ventilation (NIV), in all countries. and with tracheostomy ventilation (TV), particularly in Italy. Conclusions: Palliative care services are often involved in the care of people with ALS, but the extent and timing of involvement varies. The use of clinical guidelines and education on palliative care for neurology services may encourage collaboration, for the benefit of people with ALS and their families.

This book accompanies the second edition of the Art & Industry Triennial - Chaleur humaine (10 June 2023 — 14 January 2024), produced by the Frac Grand Large — Hauts-de-France and the Lieu d'Art et Action Contemporaine (LAAC) in Dunkirk. Its objective: connecting the history of art to forms of energy since 1972. Edited by Camille Richert, with Anna Colin, the Triennial curators, and encompassing a series of essays by social science scholars, the exhibition catalogue touches on and problematises notions of progress, resources, consumption and productivity. It further highlights the ways in which artists, through their perceptive accounts, have examined these subjects, making new forms or functions of energy emerge. A chronology set in the middle of the catalogue lays out some of the successive milestones of this intertwined history. In addition, a conversation between the curators and some of the artists exhibiting in the Triennial provides some keys to understanding the current debates around the theme of energy., Cet ouvrage accompagne la Triennale Art & Industrie – Chaleur humaine (10 juin 2023 – 14 janvier 2024), portée par le Frac Grand Large Hauts-de-France et le Lieu d’Art et Action Contemporaine à Dunkerque. Il en restitue l’intention : relier l’histoire des arts à celle des énergies depuis 1972. Dirigé par Camille Richert, avec Anna Colin, curatrices de l'événement, il aborde et questionne, à travers une série d’essais de chercheurs et chercheuses en sciences humaines, les notions de progrès, de ressources, de consommation et de productivité. Il met également en lumière la manière dont les artistes, dans leurs rapports au sensible, ont interrogé ces sujets et fait émerger de nouvelles formes ou fonctions. Une chronologie y pose les jalons successifs de cette histoire croisée, tandis qu’une conversation entre les commissaires d’exposition et certain·e·s des artistes exposé·e·s offre quelques-unes des clés du débat actuel autour de la thématique des énergies.

Neurology residency programs, which were first established at the beginning of the 20th century, have become mandatory all over Europe in the last 40-50 years. The first European Training Requirements in Neurology (ETRN) were published in 2005 and first updated in 2016. The new (2022) ETRN suggests a 5-year training subdivided in three phases: a first phase (2 years) of general neurology training, a second phase (2 years) of training in neurophysiology/neurological subspecialties, and a third phase (1 year) to expand clinical training (e.g. in other neurodisciplines) or for research (path for clinical neuroscientist). The necessary theoretical and clinical competencies as well as learning objectives in diagnostic test have been updated, are newly organized in 4 levels and include 19 neurological subspecialties. Finally, the new ETRN require, in addition to a program director, a team of clinician-educators who regularly review the resident's progress. The 2022 update of the ETRN reflects emerging requirements for the practice of neurology and contribute to the international standardization of training necessary for the increasing needs of residents and specialists across Europe.

Achtergrond Vanwege de hemodynamische veranderingen die optreden tijdens elektroconvulsietherapie (ECT), bestaat er een theoretisch verhoogd risico op een recidief van cerebrovasculair accident (CVA). Doel De wetenschappelijke evidentie aangaande het risico op een recidief-CVA bij een behandeling met ECT in kaart brengen. Methode Voor dit systematisch literatuuroverzicht werden de PRISMA-richtlijnen toegepast in PubMed en in de Cochrane Library. Artikelen waarin ECT werd beschreven bij patiënten met een voorgeschiedenis van CVA werden geïncludeerd aan de hand van specifieke zoektermen. Resultaten We vonden 19 artikelen: 1 grote en 1 kleine prospectieve studie, 3 kleine retrospectieve studies en 14 gevalsbeschrijvingen. In de grote longitudinale Deense studie was er globaal genomen geen verhoogde prevalentie van recidief- CVA bij de patiënten die behandeld werden met ECT. In de overige artikelen werd er ook geen verhoogd risico op CVA gerapporteerd. Conclusie Ondanks het beperkte aantal prospectieve studies en de methodologische beperkingen kunnen we voorzichtig besluiten dat een behandeling met ECT niet gepaard gaat met verhoogd risico op een recidief-CVA. ECT kan op een veilige wijze toegepast worden bij patiënten met een voorgeschiedenis van CVA, mits men zorgdraagt voor een grondige voorafgaande neurologische en cardiovasculaire diagnostiek en monitoring tijdens de behandeling.

The molecular mechanisms that maintain cellular identities and prevent dedifferentiation or transdifferentiation remain mysterious. However, both processes are transiently used during animal regeneration. Therefore, organisms that regenerate their organs, appendages, or even their whole body offer a fruitful paradigm to investigate the regulation of cell fate stability. Here, we used Hydra as a model system and show that Zic4, whose expression is controlled by Wnt3/β-catenin signaling and the Sp5 transcription factor, plays a key role in tentacle formation and tentacle maintenance. Reducing Zic4 expression suffices to induce transdifferentiation of tentacle epithelial cells into foot epithelial cells. This switch requires the reentry of tentacle battery cells into the cell cycle without cell division and is accompanied by degeneration of nematocytes embedded in these cells. These results indicate that maintenance of cell fate by a Wnt-controlled mechanism is a key process both during homeostasis and during regeneration.

BACKGROUND: DeaFNess Autosomal dominant 9 (DFNA9) is a hereditary disorder known to affect both hearing and vestibular function in its carriers. Its phenotype is characterized by progressive sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and vestibular dysfunction evolving towards bilateral vestibulopathy (BV) by the 3rd to 5th life decade. Recent studies have identified the impact of hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction on cognitive functioning.OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to investigate how the cognitive functioning of carriers of the p.Pro51Ser variant in the COCH gene is affected by the disease and compare these results with a matched healthy control group.STUDY DESIGN: Forty-six carriers of the pathogenic p.Pro51Ser variant in the COCH gene were included in this study, of which 38 met the Bárány Society criteria and were thus diagnosed with BV. All subjects were between the age of 22 and 72 years old. Each control was individually matched based on age, gender, and education level. A cognitive, vestibular, and hearing assessment was performed in all subjects. All participants completed the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, adjusted for the Hearing Impaired (RBANS-H), a cognitive test battery that includes subtests probing Immediate and Delayed Memory, Visuospatial/Constructional, Language, and Attention.RESULTS: Overall, the DFNA9 patients demonstrated significantly lower scores on the Immediate Memory subscale and lower Total Scale scores than their healthy matched controls. The total sample was divided into two groups: age CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study found that DFNA9 patients demonstrated cognitive deficits in comparison with their healthy matched controls. The DFNA9 group aged ≥ 55 years old obtained significantly lower scores on the Total Scale and Attention subscale. This finding; however, was not observed for the age group younger than 55 years old. Further research is needed on the individual trajectory of SNHL and vestibular function, and how hearing rehabilitation affects cognitive functioning.

In dit e-book worden de belangrijkste artikels uit 2021-2022 op het gebied van stemmingsstoornissen verzameld, die in het Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde en Gezondheidszorg zijn verschenen. De auteurs bespreken de farmacologische uitdagingen in het stopzetten van een antidepressieve behandeling en de manische effecten van glucocorticosteroïden. Indien u bekend wilt raken met de spraakmakende elektoconvulsietherapie in relatie tot suïcidaliteit en de bijbehorende contra-indicaties op cardiovasculair gebied, dan biedt deze bundeling een overzicht. Tevens worden twee doeltreffende programma’s aangereikt om toe te passen in de klinische praktijk: het ‘Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program’ voor mobiele crisisteams en ‘Schelpzorg’ bij ernstige, persisterende psychiatrische aandoeningen. Inhoudsopgave 01. Schelpzorg: een palliatief zorgmodel voor patiënten met een ernstige, persisterende psychiatrische aandoening 02. Suïcidepoging tijdens elektroconvulsietherapie bij een adolescente met een bipolaire stemmingsstoornis 03. Stopzetten antidepressieve behandeling roept vooral veel vragen op 04. High on steroids: manische episode na gebruik van corticosteroïden 05. De rol van mobiele crisisteams in de behandeling van suïcidepogers: het ‘Attempted Suicide Short Intervention Program’ 06. Elektroconvulsietherapie bij een patiënte met een bipolaire stoornis en voorgeschiedenis van ischemisch cerebrovasculair accident 07. Brief aan de redactie: reactie op de boekbespreking ‘Depressie is menselijk’

Ischemic heart disease, often caused by an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advances in medical and procedural therapies, millions of AMI patients progress to develop heart failure every year.Here, we examine the combination therapy of human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) to reduce the early ischemic damage (MSCs) and enhance angiogenesis (ECFCs) in a pre-clinical model of acute myocardial infarction. NOD/SCID mice were subjected to AMI followed by transplantation of MSCs and ECFCs either alone or in combination. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac functional recovery were assessed in short- and long-term follow-up studies.At 1 day after AMI, MSC- and ECFC-treated animals demonstrated significantly lower cardiomyocyte apoptosis compared to vehicle-treated animals. This phenomenon was associated with a significant reduction in infarct size, cardiac fibrosis, and improvement in functional cardiac recovery 4 weeks after AMI.The use of ECFCs, MSCs, and the combination of both cell types reduce cardiomyocyte apoptosis, scar size, and adverse cardiac remodeling, compared to vehicle, in a pre-clinical model of AMI. These results support the use of this combined cell therapy approach in future human studies during the acute phase of ischemic cardiac injury.