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201. Sewage phosphorus recovery through sachets loaded with water treatment plant sludge

Author

Miriam Gabrielle Coelho, Débora de Melo Franco, Juliano Curi de Siqueira, Ivan Célio Andrade Ribeiro, Rodolfo Appoloni Crippa, Ronaldo Fia, and Mateus Pimentel de Matos

Subjects
nutrient removal, precipitation, solid waste, sorption, wastewater treatment, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066
Abstract

Conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) present low phosphorus (P) removal capacity. Conversely, water treatment plants (WTPs) produce sludge with great P sorption from wastewater; however, directly adding the sludge into the wastewater treatment system could increase the effluent turbidity. As a novel approach, the present study evaluated the performance of WTP sludge within paper sachets for P removal from treated sewage. Different sludge concentrations (2–30 g L−1) and contact times (1–27 d) were applied to treat sewage from a university WWTP outlet. The sludge was characterized by P, Fe, and Al content. Larger sludge masses showed higher P removal efficiencies due to their high Fe content, especially at longer contact times (up to 100% at the final of the experiment). However, there is a more significant P reduction in the first 10 d (more than 90% in the most efficient treatment – 30 mg L−1). Based on the kinetic and isotherm analyses and the sludge chemical composition, precipitation proved to be a mechanism of great importance in P removal. Therefore, WTP sludge sachets can be a promising way to remove P from sewage, and the formed solid waste might be reused as an alternative fertilizer. HIGHLIGHTS Water treatment plant (WTP) sludge has a potential for phosphorus (P) sorption.; WTP sludge into sachets can be a promising way to recover P from sewage.; Sachets can provide lower concentrations of suspended solids and P removal.; The use may become promising in wastewater treatment tanks.; The contact time, sludge mass, and chemical composition influence P removal.;

Published
2023
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202. The HTAP_v3 emission mosaic: merging regional and global monthly emissions (2000–2018) to support air quality modelling and policies

Author

M. Crippa, D. Guizzardi, T. Butler, T. Keating, R. Wu, J. Kaminski, J. Kuenen, J. Kurokawa, S. Chatani, T. Morikawa, G. Pouliot, J. Racine, M. D. Moran, Z. Klimont, P. M. Manseau, R. Mashayekhi, B. H. Henderson, S. J. Smith, H. Suchyta, M. Muntean, E. Solazzo, M. Banja, E. Schaaf, F. Pagani, J.-H. Woo, J. Kim, F. Monforti-Ferrario, E. Pisoni, J. Zhang, D. Niemi, M. Sassi, T. Ansari, and K. Foley

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

This study, performed under the umbrella of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (TF-HTAP), responds to the global and regional atmospheric modelling community's need of a mosaic emission inventory of air pollutants that conforms to specific requirements: global coverage, long time series, spatially distributed emissions with high time resolution, and a high sectoral resolution. The mosaic approach of integrating official regional emission inventories based on locally reported data, with a global inventory based on a globally consistent methodology, allows modellers to perform simulations of high scientific quality while also ensuring that the results remain relevant to policymakers. HTAP_v3, an ad hoc global mosaic of anthropogenic inventories, has been developed by integrating official inventories over specific areas (North America, Europe, Asia including Japan and South Korea) with the independent Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) inventory for the remaining world regions. The results are spatially and temporally distributed emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), NH3, PM10, PM2.5, black carbon (BC), and organic carbon (OC), with a spatial resolution of 0.1∘ × 0.1∘ and time intervals of months and years, covering the period 2000–2018 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7516361, Crippa, 2023, https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset_htap_v3, last access: June 2023). The emissions are further disaggregated into 16 anthropogenic emitting sectors. This paper describes the methodology applied to develop such an emission mosaic, reports on source allocation, differences among existing inventories, and best practices for the mosaic compilation. One of the key strengths of the HTAP_v3 emission mosaic is its temporal coverage, enabling the analysis of emission trends over the past 2 decades. The development of a global emission mosaic over such long time series represents a unique product for global air quality modelling and for better-informed policymaking, reflecting the community effort expended by the TF-HTAP to disentangle the complexity of transboundary transport of air pollution.

Published
2023
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205. The novel Mechanical Ventilator Milano for the COVID-19 pandemic.

Author

Abba, A, Accorsi, C, Agnes, P, Alessi, E, Amaudruz, P, Annovi, A, Desages, F Ardellier, Back, S, Badia, C, Bagger, J, Basile, V, Batignani, G, Bayo, A, Bell, B, Beschi, M, Biagini, D, Bianchi, G, Bicelli, S, Bishop, D, Boccali, T, Bombarda, A, Bonfanti, S, Bonivento, WM, Bouchard, M, Breviario, M, Brice, S, Brown, R, Calvo-Mozota, JM, Camozzi, L, Camozzi, M, Capra, A, Caravati, M, Carlini, M, Ceccanti, A, Celano, B, Cela Ruiz, JM, Charette, C, Cogliati, G, Constable, M, Crippa, C, Croci, G, Cudmore, S, Dahl, CE, Dal Molin, A, Daley, M, Di Guardo, C, D'Avenio, G, Davignon, O, Del Tutto, M, De Ruiter, J, Devoto, A, Diaz Gomez Maqueo, P, Di Francesco, F, Dossi, M, Druszkiewicz, E, Duma, C, Elliott, E, Farina, D, Fernandes, C, Ferroni, F, Finocchiaro, G, Fiorillo, G, Ford, R, Foti, G, Fournier, RD, Franco, D, Fricbergs, C, Gabriele, F, Galbiati, C, Garcia Abia, P, Gargantini, A, Giacomelli, L, Giacomini, F, Giarratana, LS, Gillespie, S, Giorgi, D, Girma, T, Gobui, R, Goeldi, D, Golf, F, Gorel, P, Gorini, G, Gramellini, E, Grosso, G, Guescini, F, Guetre, E, Hackman, G, Hadden, T, Hawkins, W, Hayashi, K, Heavey, A, Hersak, G, Hessey, N, Hockin, G, Hudson, K, Ianni, A, Ienzi, C, Ippolito, V, and James, CC

Subjects
Mathematical Sciences, Physical Sciences, Engineering, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

This paper presents the Mechanical Ventilator Milano (MVM), a novel intensive therapy mechanical ventilator designed for rapid, large-scale, low-cost production for the COVID-19 pandemic. Free of moving mechanical parts and requiring only a source of compressed oxygen and medical air to operate, the MVM is designed to support the long-term invasive ventilation often required for COVID-19 patients and operates in pressure-regulated ventilation modes, which minimize the risk of furthering lung trauma. The MVM was extensively tested against ISO standards in the laboratory using a breathing simulator, with good agreement between input and measured breathing parameters and performing correctly in response to fault conditions and stability tests. The MVM has obtained Emergency Use Authorization by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in healthcare settings during the COVID-19 pandemic and Health Canada Medical Device Authorization for Importation or Sale, under Interim Order for Use in Relation to COVID-19. Following these certifications, mass production is ongoing and distribution is under way in several countries. The MVM was designed, tested, prepared for certification, and mass produced in the space of a few months by a unique collaboration of respiratory healthcare professionals and experimental physicists, working with industrial partners, and is an excellent ventilator candidate for this pandemic anywhere in the world.

Published
2021

209. Bicalutamide and Trehalose Ameliorate Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy Pathology in Mice

Author

Galbiati, Mariarita, Meroni, Marco, Boido, Marina, Cescon, Matilde, Rusmini, Paola, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Piccolella, Margherita, Ferrari, Veronica, Tedesco, Barbara, Casarotto, Elena, Chierichetti, Marta, Cozzi, Marta, Mina, Francesco, Cicardi, Maria Elena, Pedretti, Silvia, Mitro, Nico, Caretto, Anna, Risè, Patrizia, Sala, Angelo, Lieberman, Andrew P., Bonaldo, Paolo, Pennuto, Maria, Vercelli, Alessandro, and Poletti, Angelo

Published
2023
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211. POLITRAUMA GRAVE POR TENTATIVA DE SUICÍDIO: UM RELATO DE CASO

Author

Cordeiro, Gabriela Montemezzo, primary, Aveiro, Ana Paula dos Reis Silva de, additional, Girardi, Isadora Toigo, additional, Crippa, Elisa da Silva Pacheco, additional, Haskel, Natily, additional, Pelizza, Luana, additional, Santos, Jennifer Corrêa dos, additional, Borges, Carolina da Silva, additional, and Cimadon, Ana Carolina, additional

Published
2023
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217. Surveillance for Presumed BD-IPMN of the Pancreas: Stability, Size, and Age Identify Targets for Discontinuation

Author

Marchegiani, Giovanni, Pollini, Tommaso, Burelli, Anna, Han, Youngmin, Jung, Hye-Sol, Kwon, Wooil, Rocha Castellanos, Dario Missael, Crippa, Stefano, Belfiori, Giulio, Arcidiacono, Paolo Giorgio, Capurso, Gabriele, Apadula, Laura, Zaccari, Piera, Noia, José Lariño, Gorris, Myrte, Busch, Olivier, Ponweera, Arachchige, Mann, Kulbir, Demir, Ihsan Ekin, Phillip, Veit, Ahmad, Nuzhat, Hackert, Thilo, Heckler, Max, Lennon, Anne Marie, Afghani, Elham, Vallicella, Davide, Dall’Olio, Tommaso, Nepi, Angelica, Vollmer, Charles M., Friess, Helmut, Ghaneh, Paula, Besselink, Marc, Falconi, Massimo, Bassi, Claudio, Goh, Brian Kim-Poh, Jang, Jin-Young, Fernández-Del Castillo, Carlos, and Salvia, Roberto

Published
2023
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218. EUS-guided gastroenterostomy for management of malignant gastric outlet obstruction: a prospective cohort study with matched comparison with enteral stenting

Author

Vanella, Giuseppe, Dell’Anna, Giuseppe, Capurso, Gabriele, Maisonneuve, Patrick, Bronswijk, Michiel, Crippa, Stefano, Tamburrino, Domenico, Macchini, Marina, Orsi, Giulia, Casadei-Gardini, Andrea, Aldrighetti, Luca, Reni, Michele, Falconi, Massimo, van der Merwe, Schalk, and Arcidiacono, Paolo Giorgio

Published
2023
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219. Gate reflectometry for probing charge and spin states in linear Si MOS split-gate arrays

Author

Hutin, L., Bertrand, B., Chanrion, E., Bohuslavskyi, H., Ansaloni, F., Yang, T. -Y., Michniewicz, J., Niegemann, D. J., Spence, C., Lundberg, T., Chatterjee, A., Crippa, A., Li, J., Maurand, R., Jehl, X., Sanquer, M., Gonzalez-Zalba, M. F., Kuemmeth, F., Niquet, Y. -M., De Franceschi, S., Urdampilleta, M., Meunier, T., and Vinet, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We fabricated linear arrangements of multiple splitgate devices along an SOI mesa, thus forming a 2xN array of individually controllable Si quantum dots (QDs) with nearest neighbor coupling. We implemented two different gate reflectometry-based readout schemes to either probe spindependent charge movements by a coupled electrometer with single-shot precision, or directly sense a spin-dependent quantum capacitance. These results bear significance for fast, high-fidelity single-shot readout of large arrays of foundrycompatible Si MOS spin qubits.

Published
2019

220. All-Electrical Control of an Electron Spin/Valley Quantum Bit in SOI CMOS Technology

Author

Bourdet, Léo, Hutin, Louis, Bertrand, Benoit, Corna, Andrea, Bohuslavskyi, Heorhii, Amisse, Anthony, Crippa, Alessandro, Maurand, Romain, Barraud, Sylvain, Urdampilleta, Matias, Bäuerle, Christopher, Meunier, Tristan, Sanquer, Marc, Jehl, Xavier, De Franceschi, Silvano, Niquet, Yann-Michel, and Vinet, Maud

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We fabricated Quantum Dot (QD) devices using a standard SOI CMOS process flow, and demonstrated that the spin of confined electrons could be controlled via a local electrical-field excitation, owing to inter-valley spin-orbit coupling. We discuss that modulating the confinement geometry via an additional electrode may enable switching a quantum bit (qubit) between an electrically-addressable valley configuration and a protected spin configuration. This proposed scheme bears relevance to improve the trade-off between fast operations and slow decoherence for quantum computing on a Si qubit platform. Finally, we evoke the impact of process-induced variability on the operating bias range., Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1912.09806

Published
2019
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221. Towards scalable silicon quantum computing

Author

Vinet, M., Hutin, L., Bertrand, B., Barraud, S., Hartmann, J. -M., Kim, Y. -J., Mazzocchi, V., Amisse, A., Bohuslavskyi, H., Bourdet, L., Crippa, A., Jehl, X., Maurand, R., Niquet, Y. -M., Sanquer, M., Venitucci, B., Jadot, B., Chanrion, E., Mortemousque, P. -A., Spence, C., Urdampilleta, M., De Franceschi, S., and Meunier, T.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We report the efforts and challenges dedicated towards building a scalable quantum computer based on Si spin qubits. We review the advantages of relying on devices fabricated in a thin film technology as their properties can be in situ tuned by the back gate voltage, which prefigures tuning capabilities in scalable qubits architectures.

Published
2019
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222. All-Electrical Control of a Hybrid Electron Spin/Valley Quantum Bit in SOI CMOS Technology

Author

Hutin, L., Bourdet, L., Bertrand, B., Corna, A., Bohuslavskyi, H., Amisse, A., Crippa, A., Maurand, R., Barraud, S., Urdampilleta, M., Bäuerle, C., Meunier, T., Sanquer, M., Jehl, X., De Franceschi, S., Niquet, Y. -M., and Vinet, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We successfully demonstrated experimentally the electrical-field-mediated control of the spin of electrons confined in an SOI Quantum Dot (QD) device fabricated with a standard CMOS process flow. Furthermore, we show that the Back-Gate control in SOI devices enables switching a quantum bit (qubit) between an electrically-addressable, yet charge noise-sensitive configuration, and a protected configuration.

Published
2019
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223. Control of single spin in CMOS devices and its application for quantum bits

Author

Maurand, R., Kotekar-Patil, D., Corna, A., Bohuslavskyi, H., Crippa, A., Laviéville, R., Hutin, L., Barraud, S., Vinet, M., De Franceschi, S., Jehl, X., and Sanquer, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

We show how to measure and manipulate a single spin in a CMOS device fabricated in a pre-industrial 300 mm CMOS foundry. The device can be used as a spin quantum bit working at very low temperature. The spin manipulation is done by a microwave electric field applied directly on a gate. The presented results are a proof-of-principle demonstration of the possibility to define qubits by means of conventional industrial fabrication processes., Comment: Published in "Emerging Devices for Low-Power and High-Performance Nanosystems; Physics, Novel Functions, and Data Processing" Edited by Simon Deleonibus, Pan Stanford Publisher 2018

Published
2019

224. A note on the Lagrangian flow associated to a partially regular vector field

Author

Crippa, Gianluca and Ligabue, Silvia

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

In this paper we derive quantitative estimates for the Lagrangian flow associated to a partially regular vector field of the form $$ b(t,x_1,x_2) = (b_1(t,x_1),b_2(t,x_1,x_2)) \in {\mathbb R}^{n_1}\times{\mathbb R}^{n_2} \,, \qquad (x_1,x_2)\in{\mathbb R}^{n_1}\times{\mathbb R}^{n_2}\,. $$ We assume that the first component $b_1$ does not depend on the second variable $x_2$, and has Sobolev $W^{1,p}$ regularity in the variable $x_1$, for some $p>1$. On the other hand, the second component $b_2$ has Sobolev $W^{1,p}$ regularity in the variable $x_2$, but only fractional Sobolev $W^{\alpha,1}$ regularity in the variable $x_1$, for some $\alpha>1/2$. These estimates imply well-posedness, compactness, and quantitative stability for the Lagrangian flow associated to such a vector field.

Published
2019

225. Weak solutions obtained by the vortex method for the 2D Euler equations are Lagrangian and conserve the energy

Author

Ciampa, Gennaro, Crippa, Gianluca, and Spirito, Stefano

Subjects
Mathematics - Analysis of PDEs
Abstract

We discuss the Lagrangian property and the conservation of the kinetic energy for solutions of the 2D incompressible Euler equations. Existence of Lagrangian solutions is known when the initial vorticity is in $L^p$ with $1\leq p\leq \infty$. Moreover, if $p\geq 3/2$ all weak solutions are conservative. In this work we prove that solutions obtained via the vortex method are Lagrangian, and that they are conservative if $p>1$., Comment: 28 pages

Published
2019
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226. Thermal properties of slowly rotating asteroids: Results from a targeted survey

Author

Marciniak, A., Alí-Lagoa, V., Müller, T. G., Szakáts, R., Molnár, L., Pál, A., Gaca, E. Podlewska, Parley, N., Antonini, P., Barbotin, E., Behrend, R., Bernasconi, L., Bąk, M. Butkiewicz, Crippa, R., Duffard, R., Ditteon, R., Feuerbach, M., Fauvaud, S., Garlitz, J., Geier, S., Goncalves, R., Grice, J., Grześkowiak, I., Hirsch, R., Horbowicz, J., Kamiński, K., Kamińska, M. K., Kim, D. -H., Kim, M. -J., Konstanciak, I., Kudak, V., Kulczak, P., Maestre, J. L., Manzini, F., Marks, S., Monteiro, F., Ogłoza, W., Oszkiewicz, D., Pilcher, F., Perig, V., Polakis, T., Polińska, M., Roy, R., Sanabria, J. J., Santana-Ros, T., Skiff, B., Skrzypek, J., Sobkowiak, K., Sonbas, E., Thizy, O., Trela, P., Urakawa, S., Żejmo, M., and Żukowski, K.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. Earlier work suggests that slowly rotating asteroids should have higher thermal inertias than faster rotators because the heat wave penetrates deeper into the sub-surface. However, thermal inertias have been determined mainly for fast rotators due to selection effects in the available photometry used to obtain shape models required for thermophysical modelling (TPM). Aims. Our aims are to mitigate these selection effects by producing shape models of slow rotators, to scale them and compute their thermal inertia with TPM, and to verify whether thermal inertia increases with the rotation period. Methods. To decrease the bias against slow rotators, we conducted a photometric observing campaign of main-belt asteroids with periods longer than 12 hours, from multiple stations worldwide, adding in some cases data from WISE and Kepler space telescopes. For spin and shape reconstruction we used the lightcurve inversion method, and to derive thermal inertias we applied a thermophysical model to fit available infrared data from IRAS, AKARI, and WISE. Results. We present new models of 11 slow rotators that provide a good fit to the thermal data. In two cases, the TPM analysis showed a clear preference for one of the two possible mirror solutions. We derived the diameters and albedos of our targets in addition to their thermal inertias, which ranged between 3$^{+33}_{-3}$ and 45$^{+60}_{-30}$ Jm$^{-2}$s$^{-1/2}$K$^{-1}$. Conclusions. Together with our previous work, we have analysed 16 slow rotators from our dense survey with sizes between 30 and 150 km. The current sample thermal inertias vary widely, which does not confirm the earlier suggestion that slower rotators have higher thermal inertias., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

Published
2019
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227. Non-Local Annihilation of Weyl Fermions in Correlated Systems

Author

Crippa, L., Amaricci, A., Wagner, N., Sangiovanni, G., Budich, J. C., and Capone, M.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons
Abstract

Weyl semimetals (WSMs) are characterized by topologically stable pairs of nodal points in the band structure, that typically originate from splitting a degenerate Dirac point by breaking symmetries such as time reversal or inversion symmetry. Within the independent electron approximation, the transition between an insulating state and a WSM requires the local creation or annihilation of one or several pairs of Weyl nodes in reciprocal space. Here, we show that strong electron-electron interactions may qualitatively change this scenario. In particular, we reveal that the transition to a Weyl semi-metallic phase can become discontinuous, and, quite remarkably, pairs of Weyl nodes with a finite distance in momentum space suddenly appear or disappear in the spectral function. We associate this behavior to the buildup of strong many-body correlations in the topologically non-trivial regions, manifesting in dynamical fluctuations in the orbital channel. We also highlight the impact of electronic correlations on the Fermi arcs., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures

Published
2019
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228. Cryogenic characterization of 28nm FD-SOI ring oscillators with energy efficiency optimization

Author

Bohuslavskyi, H., Barraud, S., Barral, V., Cassé, M., Guevel, L. Le, Hutin, L., Bertrand, B., Crippa, A., Jehl, X., Pillonnet, G., Jansen, A. G. M., Arnaud, F., Galy, P., Maurand, R., De Franceschi, S., Sanquer, M., and Vinet, M.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Extensive electrical characterization of ring oscillators (ROs) made in high-$\kappa$ metal gate 28nm Fully-Depleted Silicon-on- Insulator (FD-SOI) technology is presented for a set of temperatures between 296 and 4.3K. First, delay per stage ($\tau_P$), static current ($I_{STAT}$), and dynamic current ($I_{DYN}$) are analyzed for the case of the increase of threshold voltage ($V_{TH}$) observed at low temperature. Then, the same analysis is performed by compensating $V_{TH}$ to a constant, temperature independent value through forward body-biasing (FBB). Energy efficiency optimization is proposed for different supply voltages ($V_{DD}$) in order to find an optimal operating point combining both high RO frequencies and low power dissipation. We show that the Energy-Delay product ($EDP$) can be significantly reduced at low temperature by applying a forward body bias voltage ($V_{FBB}$). We demonstrate that outstanding performance of RO in terms of speed ($\tau_P$=37ps) and static power (7nA/stage) can be achieved at 4.3K with $V_{DD}$ reduced down to 0.325V.

Published
2019
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229. Between scientific communication, document science and information science: Ranganathan and documentation in the 1950s and 1960s

Author

Giulia Crippa

Subjects
ranganathan, document, documentation, information science, decoloniality, Bibliography. Library science. Information resources
Abstract

The post-World War II years represent a moment of international reflection on the concept of Documentation, due to the technological-scientific impulse and the constantly growing informational phenomena. Already in 1934, the discussion was outlined by Otlet, giving rise to reflections destined to channel the interests of librarianship and the nascent science of information. An analysis of the process of Ranganathan’s elaboration of the concept of Document and Documentation is proposed in order to understand how the author positions himself, in the rich dialogue involving eminent voices in the field of documentation, from Otlet (1934), Briet (1951) to neo-documentation theorists, in an attempt to better historicize his contribution to the development of Information Science.

Published
2023
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230. The consolidated European synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions for the European Union and United Kingdom: 1990–2019

Author

A. M. R. Petrescu, C. Qiu, M. J. McGrath, P. Peylin, G. P. Peters, P. Ciais, R. L. Thompson, A. Tsuruta, D. Brunner, M. Kuhnert, B. Matthews, P. I. Palmer, O. Tarasova, P. Regnier, R. Lauerwald, D. Bastviken, L. Höglund-Isaksson, W. Winiwarter, G. Etiope, T. Aalto, G. Balsamo, V. Bastrikov, A. Berchet, P. Brockmann, G. Ciotoli, G. Conchedda, M. Crippa, F. Dentener, C. D. Groot Zwaaftink, D. Guizzardi, D. Günther, J.-M. Haussaire, S. Houweling, G. Janssens-Maenhout, M. Kouyate, A. Leip, A. Leppänen, E. Lugato, M. Maisonnier, A. J. Manning, T. Markkanen, J. McNorton, M. Muntean, G. D. Oreggioni, P. K. Patra, L. Perugini, I. Pison, M. T. Raivonen, M. Saunois, A. J. Segers, P. Smith, E. Solazzo, H. Tian, F. N. Tubiello, T. Vesala, G. R. van der Werf, C. Wilson, and S. Zaehle

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of the fluxes of greenhouse gases (GHGs) and their temporal variability as well as flux attribution to natural and anthropogenic processes is essential to monitoring the progress in mitigating anthropogenic emissions under the Paris Agreement and to inform its global stocktake. This study provides a consolidated synthesis of CH4 and N2O emissions using bottom-up (BU) and top-down (TD) approaches for the European Union and UK (EU27 + UK) and updates earlier syntheses (Petrescu et al., 2020, 2021). The work integrates updated emission inventory data, process-based model results, data-driven sector model results and inverse modeling estimates, and it extends the previous period of 1990–2017 to 2019. BU and TD products are compared with European national greenhouse gas inventories (NGHGIs) reported by parties under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2021. Uncertainties in NGHGIs, as reported to the UNFCCC by the EU and its member states, are also included in the synthesis. Variations in estimates produced with other methods, such as atmospheric inversion models (TD) or spatially disaggregated inventory datasets (BU), arise from diverse sources including within-model uncertainty related to parameterization as well as structural differences between models. By comparing NGHGIs with other approaches, the activities included are a key source of bias between estimates, e.g., anthropogenic and natural fluxes, which in atmospheric inversions are sensitive to the prior geospatial distribution of emissions. For CH4 emissions, over the updated 2015–2019 period, which covers a sufficiently robust number of overlapping estimates, and most importantly the NGHGIs, the anthropogenic BU approaches are directly comparable, accounting for mean emissions of 20.5 Tg CH4 yr−1 (EDGARv6.0, last year 2018) and 18.4 Tg CH4 yr−1 (GAINS, last year 2015), close to the NGHGI estimates of 17.5±2.1 Tg CH4 yr−1. TD inversion estimates give higher emission estimates, as they also detect natural emissions. Over the same period, high-resolution regional TD inversions report a mean emission of 34 Tg CH4 yr−1. Coarser-resolution global-scale TD inversions result in emission estimates of 23 and 24 Tg CH4 yr−1 inferred from GOSAT and surface (SURF) network atmospheric measurements, respectively. The magnitude of natural peatland and mineral soil emissions from the JSBACH–HIMMELI model, natural rivers, lake and reservoir emissions, geological sources, and biomass burning together could account for the gap between NGHGI and inversions and account for 8 Tg CH4 yr−1. For N2O emissions, over the 2015–2019 period, both BU products (EDGARv6.0 and GAINS) report a mean value of anthropogenic emissions of 0.9 Tg N2O yr−1, close to the NGHGI data (0.8±55 % Tg N2O yr−1). Over the same period, the mean of TD global and regional inversions was 1.4 Tg N2O yr−1 (excluding TOMCAT, which reported no data). The TD and BU comparison method defined in this study can be operationalized for future annual updates for the calculation of CH4 and N2O budgets at the national and EU27 + UK scales. Future comparability will be enhanced with further steps involving analysis at finer temporal resolutions and estimation of emissions over intra-annual timescales, which is of great importance for CH4 and N2O, and may help identify sector contributions to divergence between prior and posterior estimates at the annual and/or inter-annual scale. Even if currently comparison between CH4 and N2O inversion estimates and NGHGIs is highly uncertain because of the large spread in the inversion results, TD inversions inferred from atmospheric observations represent the most independent data against which inventory totals can be compared. With anticipated improvements in atmospheric modeling and observations, as well as modeling of natural fluxes, TD inversions may arguably emerge as the most powerful tool for verifying emission inventories for CH4, N2O and other GHGs. The referenced datasets related to figures are visualized at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7553800 (Petrescu et al., 2023).

Published
2023
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238. Same-session double EUS-guided bypass versus surgical gastroenterostomy and hepaticojejunostomy: an international multicenter comparison

Author

Bronswijk, Michiel, Vanella, Giuseppe, van Wanrooij, Roy L.J., Samanta, Jayanta, Lauwereys, Jonas, Pérez-Cuadrado-Robles, Enrique, Dell’Anna, Giuseppe, Dhar, Jahnvi, Gupta, Vikas, van Malenstein, Hannah, Laleman, Wim, Jaekers, Joris, Topal, Halit, Topal, Baki, Crippa, Stefano, Falconi, Massimo, Besselink, Marc G., Messaoudi, Nouredin, Arcidiacono, Paolo Giorgio, Kunda, Rastislav, and Van der Merwe, Schalk

Published
2023
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242. Regret affects the choice between neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery for potentially resectable pancreatic cancer

Author

Alfieri, Sergio, Amato, Arnaldo, Amisano, Marco, Anderloni, Andrea, Maestri, Antonio, Coluccio, Chiara, Brandi, Giovanni, Casadei-Gardini, Andrea, Cennamo, Vincenzo, Crinò, Stefano Francesco, Valle, Raffaele Dalla, De Angelis, Claudio, Di Battista, Monica, Di Maio, Massimo, Di Marco, Mariacristina, Di Marco, Marco, Di Matteo, Francesco, Di Mitri, Roberto, Ettorre, Giuseppe Maria, Facciorusso, Antonio, Farina, Gabriella, Ferrari, Giovanni, Fornaro, Lorenzo, Frigerio, Isabella, Frisone, Daniele, Fuccio, Lorenzo, Gardini, Andrea, Garufi, Carlo, Giampieri, Riccardo, Grazi, Gian Luca, Jovine, Elio, Kauffmann, Emanuele, Langella, Serena, Larghi, Alberto, Manno, Mauro, Marciano, Emanuele, Marzioni, Marco, Merighi, Alberto, Mutignani, Massimiliano, Nardo, Bruno, Niger, Monica, Palmisano, Valentina, Partelli, Stefano, Pinto, Carmine, Piras, Enrico, Rapposelli, Ilario Giovanni, Reni, Michele, Ricci, Claudio, Rimassa, Lorenza, Siena, Salvatore, Spada, Cristiano, Sperti, Elisa, Spezzaferro, Mariangela, Sposito, Carlo, Tamberi, Stefano, Troisi, Roberto, Veneroni, Luigi, Vivarelli, Marco, Zerbi, Alessandro, Cucchetti, Alessandro, Djulbegovic, Benjamin, Crippa, Stefano, Hozo, Iztok, Sbrancia, Monica, Tsalatsanis, Athanasios, Binda, Cecilia, Fabbri, Carlo, Salvia, Roberto, Falconi, Massimo, and Ercolani, Giorgio

Published
2023
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247. Sub-exponential mixing of generalized cellular flows with bounded palenstrophy

Author

Gianluca Crippa and Christian Schulze

Subjects
mixing, continuity equation, flow of a vector field, fluid dynamics, palenstrophy, Applied mathematics. Quantitative methods, T57-57.97
Abstract

We study the mixing properties of a passive scalar advected by an incompressible flow. We consider a class of cellular flows (more general than the class in [Crippa-Schulze M$ ^3 $AS 2017]) and show that, under the constraint that the palenstrophy is bounded uniformly in time, the mixing scale of the passive scalar cannot decay exponentially.

Published
2023
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248. Report of the first seven agents in the I-SPY COVID trial: a phase 2, open label, adaptive platform randomised controlled trial

Author

Files, D. Clark, Aggarwal, Neil, Albertson, Timothy, Auld, Sara, Beitler, Jeremy R., Berger, Paul, Burnham, Ellen L., Calfee, Carolyn S., Cobb, Nathan, Crippa, Alessio, Discacciati, Andrea, Eklund, Martin, Esserman, Laura, Friedman, Eliot, Gandotra, Sheetal, Khan, Kashif, Koff, Jonathan, Kumar, Santhi, Liu, Kathleen D., Martin, Thomas R., Matthay, Michael A., Meyer, Nuala J., Obermiller, Timothy, Robinson, Philip, Russell, Derek, Thomas, Karl, Wong, Se Fum, Wunderink, Richard G., Wurfel, Mark M., Yen, Albert, Youssef, Fady A., Darmanian, Anita, Dzierba, Amy L., Garcia, Ivan, Gosek, Katarzyna, Madahar, Purnema, Mittel, Aaron M., Muir, Justin, Rosen, Amanda, Schicchi, John, Serra, Alexis L., Wahab, Romina, Gibbs, Kevin W., Landreth, Leigha, LaRose, Mary, Parks, Lisa, Wynn, Adina, Ittner, Caroline A.G., Mangalmurti, Nilman S., Reilly, John P., Harris, Donna, Methukupally, Abhishek, Patel, Siddharth, Boerger, Lindsie, Kazianis, John, Higgins, Carrie, McKeehan, Jeff, Daniel, Brian, Fields, Scott, Hurst-Hopf, James, Jauregui, Alejandra, Brown Swigart, Lamorna, Blevins, Daniel, Nguyen, Catherine, Suarez, Alexis, Tanios, Maged A., Sarafian, Farjad, Shah, Usman, Adelman, Max, Creel-Bulos, Christina, Detelich, Joshua, Harris, Gavin, Nugent, Katherine, Spainhour, Christina, Yang, Philip, Haczku, Angela, Hardy, Erin, Harper, Richart, Morrissey, Brian, Sandrock, Christian, Budinger, G. R. Scott, Donnelly, Helen K., Singer, Benjamin D., Moskowitz, Ari, Coleman, Melissa, Levitt, Joseph, Lu, Ruixiao, Henderson, Paul, Asare, Adam, Dunn, Imogene, and Botello Barragan, Alejandro

Published
2023
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