484 results on '"Cruz, Gonzalo"'
Search Results
202. Análisis del entramado institucional involucrado en la gestión de destinos turísticos. Los casos de Villa Gesell y Pinamar (Argentina)
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Pulido-Fernández, Juan Ignacio, Cruz, Gonzalo, Pulido-Fernández, Juan Ignacio, and Cruz, Gonzalo
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La capacidad de desarrollo turístico de un territorio se relaciona directamente con la articulación de los actores locales (Merinero y Pulido, 2009). En este sentido, el accionar de las instituciones vinculadas al turismo determina diferentes rumbos en el devenir de un destino. Tal es el caso de Villa Gesell y Pinamar, dos localidades que poseen rasgos físicos similares, pero en las que la diferente evolución del entramado institucional ha generado lógicas de desarrollo turístico distintas. Así, lo que pretende el presente estudio es caracterizar la dinámica relacional institucional para la gestión turística de Villa Gesell y Pinamar, y establecer una comparación entre ambos destinos. El estudio implica un análisis formal y un análisis de contenido de las relaciones. El primero de los planteamientos implica un abordaje cuantitativo mientras que el segundo, con el objetivo de profundizar sobre ciertos aspectos, emplea técnicas de carácter cualitativo. Los resultados indican que en ambos casos los esfuerzos con respecto a la gestión turística se concentran en pocas instituciones, evidenciando fragmentaciones en los tejidos institucionales. Las mayores diferencias se hallan en el contenido de las relaciones que se producen en torno a la gestión de cada destino., Fil: Cruz, Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina. more...
- Published
- 2010
203. El rol del sector público en el cluster turístico de Pinamar
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Varisco, Cristina, Cruz, Gonzalo, Varisco, Cristina, and Cruz, Gonzalo
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La investigación concibe el estudio de la dimensión económica del turismo en términos de desarrollo, incorporando una visión dinámica de las estructuras productivas. De este modo resulta posible la observación de las interacciones entre actores sociales para la conformación de un destino competitivo. La perspectiva del desarrollo económico local postula la existencia de agrupamientos empresariales o clusters como base para la constitución ventajas competitivas de un territorio. Los gobiernos locales actúan en este caso, como propulsores de un entorno que favorezca esta circunstancia. A partir de una metodología de análisis de clusters, se pretende indagar acerca del desarrollo turístico haciendo énfasis en el accionar del sector público. El estudio se circunscribe a la localidad de Pinamar, ubicada sobre el litoral atlántico al sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires. En la actualidad el gobierno municipal tiende al fortalecimiento de sus lazos con el sector privado, principalmente a través de la conformación de un ente mixto concebido como un ámbito de exposición y discusión para el desarrollo del sector turístico., Fil: Cruz, Gonzalo. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina. more...
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- 2009
204. Aproximación al estatuto jurídico de los familiares de la Inquisición española
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Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo
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Familiares ,Inquisición ,Inquisition ,Inquisició ,Familiars ,Jurisdicció ,Jurisdicción ,Jurisdiction - Abstract
En este artículo se trata de los distintos aspectos que configuran el estatuto jurídico de los familiares de la Inquisición española según se deduce de la variada normativa que directa o indirectamente se dictó sobre ellos y que afectó a las condiciones exigibles para acceder a la familiatura, a los límites numéricos según el vecindario de las poblaciones, al procedimiento de concesión de los títulos y a los privilegios y funciones que les correspondían. Aquest article tracta dels diversos aspectes que configuren l'estatut jurídic dels familiars de la Inquisició espanyola, segons es dedueix de la variada normativa que directament o indirecta es dictà al respecte i que afectà les condicions exigibles per accedir a la familiatura, als límits numèrics segons el veïnat de les poblacions, al procediment de concessió dels títols i als privilegis i funcions que els corresponien. The inquisitorial laws concerning these employes of the Inquisition called familiares, performed a complete regulation for the different aspects to the institution known as familiatura: form the access to this office, to the limitation of their number or the duties and rights they had because of their post. more...
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- 1999
205. Raptors in the city: Site occupancy and abundance of a top predator inhabiting urban green spaces within a megacity.
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Zúñiga-Vega, J. Jaime, Gutiérrez-García, Mariana, Suárez-Rodríguez, Monserrat, Morales-Salcedo, Verónica D., Palencia-Martínez, Mariana, Espinosa-Lucas, Alejandro, Ramírez-Cruz, Gonzalo A., Pérez-García, R. Darío, Saleh-Subaie, Nabila, and Solano-Zavaleta, Israel more...
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TOP predators ,URBAN ecology ,MEGALOPOLIS ,BIRDS of prey ,PREY availability ,PUBLIC spaces - Abstract
• Harris's hawks occupy between 16% and 32% of the green areas in Mexico City. • There are between 81 and 181 individuals of this species in central Mexico City. • Population density ranges between 0.28 and 0.62 individuals per square kilometer. • Both population abundance and occupancy increased during the rainy season. • Harris's hawks contribute to controlling populations of invasive species. Urban green spaces have the potential to harbor a rich biodiversity, including top predators, which maintain the structure and regulate the dynamic processes of these urban ecosystems. Conservation of top predators in cities requires quantitative knowledge of their populations. In this study, we provide critical information about population abundance and site occupancy rates of Harris's hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus) inhabiting urban green spaces in one of the largest cities in the world, Mexico City. We asked if this population permanently resides in the city or, alternatively, if individuals move into the city only during particular periods of the year. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that prey abundance in urban green spaces is the most important environmental trait that promotes the presence of this raptor in this megacity. We found that both population abundance and site occupancy rates differed between the dry and rainy seasons, increasing during the latter season. This seasonal change indicated that some individuals immigrated to the city and/or the presence of juveniles that were born just before the rainy season. Interestingly, their habitat preferences differed between seasons. During the dry season, when hawks are apparently nesting, they occupy parks surrounded by tall buildings and located relatively far from other green areas. In contrast, during the rainy season, hawks prefer parks with high abundance of large prey (doves and pigeons). Based on our findings, we propose specific management actions aimed at facilitating the presence of nesting individuals in the urban landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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206. Physicochemical and rheological characterization of Andean tuber starches: Potato ( Solanum tuberosum ssp. Andigenum), Oca ( Oxalis tuberosa Molina) and Papalisa ( Ullucus tuberosus Caldas).
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Cruz, Gonzalo, Ribotta, Pablo, Ferrero, Cristina, and Iturriaga, Laura
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STARCH , *POTATOES , *RHEOLOGY , *GELATION , *FOOD composition - Abstract
The physicochemical and rheological properties of starches from four land races of Andean potato (Cuarentona, Rosadita, Imilla, and Waycha), and Oca and Papalisa tubers were investigated and compared against conventional potato starch. Proximate composition studies showed that the protein content in the studied starches varied between 0.29 and 1.18% w/w, the ash content between 0.24 and 1.14% w/w, and the lipid content between 0.14 and 0.34% w/w. Scanning electron microscopy investigations showed differences in shape of the granules of Andean potatoes and Oca and Papalisa. The mean size D[4,3] of the granules ranged between 23.3 and 48.11 µm. Papalisa was the starch with the lowest AM content (20.4%, w/w) and Rosadita had the greatest (28.03%, w/w). The gelatinization enthalpy ranged from 18.7 to 14.8 J/g and the gelatinization temperature between 65.5 and 60.8°C. Viscograms of starch pastes showed that Cuarentona was the sample with the greatest peak viscosity (3152 cP) and presented the greatest final viscosity (3222 cP). The Andean potato and tuber starches exhibited low breakdown values. The relationship between the physicochemical and rheological properties was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). The results indicated that Oca and Papalisa starches were different from the Andean potato starches. Cuarentona starch showed the greatest consistency coefficient (Pa · s− n) ( K), storage modulus (Pa) ( G′), peak viscosity, final viscosity, and Oca starch the lowest ones. The protein content affected the peak viscosity and setback of the samples. The results suggest that these starches have similar properties to those of conventional potato starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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207. Increase in endogenous estradiol in the progeny of obese rats is associated with precocious puberty and altered follicular development in adulthood.
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Ambrosetti, Valery, Guerra, Marcelo, Ramírez, Luisa, Reyes, Aldo, Álvarez, Daniela, Olguín, Sofía, González-Mañan, Daniel, Fernandois, Daniela, Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, and Cruz, Gonzalo
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- 2016
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208. Discriminant analysis with Gaussian graphical tree models.
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Perez-de-la-Cruz, Gonzalo and Eslava-Gomez, Guillermina
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We consider Gaussian graphical tree models in discriminant analysis for two populations. Both the parameters and the structure of the graph are assumed to be unknown. For the estimation of the parameters maximum likelihood is used, and for the estimation of the structure of the tree graph we propose three methods; in these, the function to be optimized is the J-divergence for one and the empirical log-likelihood ratio for the two others. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of these three computationally efficient methods. We show that the optimization problem of each proposed method is equivalent to one of finding a minimum weight spanning tree, which can be solved efficiently even if the number of variables is large. This property together with the existence of the maximum likelihood estimators for small group sample sizes is the main advantage of the proposed methods. A numerical comparison of the classification performance of discriminant analysis using these methods, as well as three other existing ones, is presented. This comparison is based on the estimated error rates of the corresponding plug-in allocation rules obtained from real and simulated data. Diagonal discriminant analysis is considered as a benchmark, as well as quadratic and linear discriminant analysis whenever the sample size is sufficient. The results show that discriminant analysis with Gaussian tree models, using these methods for selecting the graph structure, is competitive with diagonal discriminant analysis in high-dimensional settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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209. Electrocatalytic Properties of Carbosilane‐Based Hyperbranched Polymers Functionalized with Interacting Ferrocenyl Units
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de la Cruz, Gonzalo, primary, Schüle, Hanna, additional, Losada, José, additional, García‐Armada, M. Pilar, additional, Frey, Holger, additional, Alonso, Beatriz, additional, and Casado, Carmen M., additional more...
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- 2012
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210. Temporal window in which exposure to estradiol permanently modifies ovarian function causing polycystic ovary morphology in rats
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Cruz, Gonzalo, primary, Barra, Rafael, additional, González, Daniel, additional, Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, additional, and Lara, Hernán E., additional
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- 2012
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211. Neonatal exposure to single doses of estradiol or testosterone programs ovarian follicular development–modified hypothalamic neurotransmitters and causes polycystic ovary during adulthood in the rat
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Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, primary, Tiszavari, Michelle, additional, Cruz, Gonzalo, additional, and Lara, Hernán E., additional
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- 2011
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212. Time-course correlation of early toxic events in three models of striatal damage: Modulation by proteases inhibition
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Cruz, Verónica Pérez-De La, primary, Elinos-Calderón, Diana, additional, Carrillo-Mora, Paul, additional, Silva-Adaya, Daniela, additional, Konigsberg, Mina, additional, Morán, Julio, additional, Ali, Syed F., additional, Chánez-Cárdenas, María Elena, additional, Pérez-De La Cruz, Gonzalo, additional, and Santamaría, Abel, additional more...
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- 2010
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213. Los familiares de la Inquisición española (1478-1700)
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Escudero, José Antonio, Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo, Escudero, José Antonio, and Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo
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- 2002
214. Time Course of Endocrine Changes in the Hypophysis-Gonad Axis Induced by Hypobaric Hypoxia in Male Rats
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FARIAS, Jorge Gonzalo, primary, BUSTOS-OBREGÓN, Eduardo, additional, TAPIA, Pablo Jose, additional, GUTIERREZ, Eduardo, additional, ZEPEDA, Andrea, additional, JUANTOK, Camila, additional, CRUZ, Gonzalo, additional, SOTO, Gustavo, additional, BENITES, Julio, additional, and REYES, Juan Guillermo, additional more...
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- 2008
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215. Los familiares de la Inquisición española (1478-1700)
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Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo and Escudero, José Antonio
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Historia del Derecho - Published
- 1991
216. Two new glyptodont records (Mammalia: Cingulata) from the late Pleistocene of Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala, Mexico: Implications for the taxonomy of the genus Glyptotherium.
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Ramírez-Cruz, Gonzalo A. and Montellano-Ballesteros, Marisol
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GLYPTODONTIDAE , *PLEISTOCENE Epoch , *CLASSIFICATION of mammals - Abstract
In North American glyptodonts, the identification of the genus Glyptotherium revolves primarily around characters of the carapace. However, previous studies suggest the possibility of a wide range of intraspecific variation. We report two glyptodont specimens from the Mexican states of Tamaulipas and Tlaxcala. We offer a description of their skeletal and carapace elements as well as a brief review of glyptodont distribution in Mexico. Our initial analysis led us to conclude that the glyptodont from Tamaulipas bears similarities to Glyptotherium cylindricum whereas the Tlaxcala specimen resembles Glyptotherium floridanum. However, further study of previously unreported skeletal elements, in association with characters of the carapace, suggested similarity between the two species. Hence we assigned the two glyptodonts to the species G. cylindricum, which has nomenclatural priority. The addition of new morphological characteristics helped to discern synonymy of these two glyptodont species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2014
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217. Documentos para la historia del Valle del Tiétar: La Adrada
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Torquemada Sánchez, María Jesús, Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo, Torquemada Sánchez, María Jesús, and Cerrillo Cruz, Gonzalo
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- 1990
218. Electrocatalytic Properties of Carbosilane-Based Hyperbranched Polymers Functionalized with Interacting Ferrocenyl Units.
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de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Schüle, Hanna, Losada, José, García‐Armada, M. Pilar, Frey, Holger, Alonso, Beatriz, and Casado, Carmen M.
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POLYMERS , *ELECTROCATALYSIS , *METALLOCENES , *HYDROSILYLATION , *PLATINUM electrodes , *ELECTROLYTIC reduction , *OXIDATION , *HYDROGEN peroxide - Abstract
Two types of hyperbranched ferrocene-containing polycarbosilanes were obtained by hydrosilylation of polydiallylmethylsilane (hb-PDAMS) and polymethyldiundecenylsilane (hb-PMDUS) with diferrocenylmethylsilane. The redox properties of both polymers have been investigated both in solution and confined onto platinum electrodes. The electrocatalytic activity of polymer-modified electrodes toward the reduction of oxygen as well as the electrochemical reduction and oxidation of hydrogen peroxide has been examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2013
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219. Sex Hormones and Brain Dopamine Functions
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Sotomayor-Zarate, Ramon, Cruz, Gonzalo, M. Renard, Georgina, Espinosa, Pedro, and D. Ramirez, Victor
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Sex hormones exert differential effects on a variety of sensitive tissues like the reproductive tract, gonads, liver, bone and adipose tissue, among others. In the brain, sex hormones act as neuroactive steroids regulating the function of neuroendocrine diencephalic structures like the hypothalamus. In addition, steroids can exert physiological effects upon cortical, limbic and midbrain structures, influencing different behaviors such as memory, learning, mood and reward. In the last three decades, the role of sex hormones on monoamine neurotransmitters in extra-hypothalamic areas related to motivated behaviors, learning and locomotion has been the focus of much research. The purpose of this thematic issue is to present the state of art concerning the effects of sex hormones on the neurochemical regulation of dopaminergic midbrain areas involved in neurobiological and pathological processes, such as addiction to drugs of abuse. We also discuss evidence of how neonatal exposure to sex hormones or endocrine disrupting chemicals can produce long-term changes on the neurochemical regulation of dopaminergic neurons in the limbic and midbrain areas. more...
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- 2014
220. On the Antioxidant Properties of L-Kynurenine: An Efficient ROS Scavenger and Enhancer of Rat Brain Antioxidant Defense.
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Ramírez Ortega, Daniela, Ugalde Muñiz, Perla Eugenia, Blanco Ayala, Tonali, Vázquez Cervantes, Gustavo Ignacio, Lugo Huitrón, Rafael, Pineda, Benjamín, González Esquivel, Dinora Fabiola, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Pedraza Chaverrí, José, Sánchez Chapul, Laura, Gómez-Manzo, Saúl, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
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PROTEOLYSIS ,GLUTATHIONE reductase ,GLUTATHIONE peroxidase ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,RATS ,ANTIOXIDANTS - Abstract
L-kynurenine (L-KYN) is an endogenous metabolite, that has been used as a neuroprotective strategy in experimental models. The protective effects of L-KYN have been attributed mainly to kynurenic acid (KYNA). However, considering that L-KYN is prone to oxidation, this redox property may play a substantial role in its protective effects. The aim of this work was to characterize the potential impact of the redox properties of L-KYN, in both synthetic and biological systems. First, we determined whether L-KYN scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevents DNA and protein oxidative degradation in synthetic systems. The effect of L-KYN and KYNA (0.1–100 µM) on redox markers (ROS production, lipoperoxidation and cellular function) was compared in rat brain homogenates when exposed to FeSO
4 (10 µM). Then, the effect of L-KYN administration (75 mg/kg/day for 5 days) on the GSH content and the enzymatic activity of glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was determined in rat brain tissue. Finally, brain homogenates from rats pretreated with L-KYN were exposed to pro-oxidants and oxidative markers were evaluated. The results show that L-KYN is an efficient scavenger of● OH and ONOO− , but not O2 ●– or H2 O2 and that it prevents DNA and protein oxidative degradation in synthetic systems. L-KYN diminishes the oxidative effect induced by FeSO4 on brain homogenates at lower concentrations (1 µM) when compared to KYNA (100 µM). Furthermore, the sub-chronic administration of L-KYN increased the GSH content and the activity of both GR and GPx, and also prevented the oxidative damage induced by the ex vivo exposure to pro-oxidants. Altogether, these findings strongly suggest that L-KYN can be considered as a potential endogenous antioxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
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221. Central and Peripheral Inflammation: A Common Factor Causing Addictive and Neurological Disorders and Aging-Related Pathologies.
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Escobar, Angélica P., Bonansco, Christian, Cruz, Gonzalo, Dagnino-Subiabre, Alexies, Fuenzalida, Marco, Negrón, Ignacio, Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, Martínez-Pinto, Jonathan, and Jorquera, Gonzalo
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NEUROLOGICAL disorders , *PERIPHERAL nervous system , *COMPULSIVE behavior , *COMPULSIVE eating , *DEGENERATION (Pathology) - Abstract
Many diseases and degenerative processes affecting the nervous system and peripheral organs trigger the activation of inflammatory cascades. Inflammation can be triggered by different environmental conditions or risk factors, including drug and food addiction, stress, and aging, among others. Several pieces of evidence show that the modern lifestyle and, more recently, the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increasing the incidence of addictive and neuropsychiatric disorders, plus cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we gather evidence on how some of these risk factors are implicated in activating central and peripheral inflammation contributing to some neuropathologies and behaviors associated with poor health. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of inflammation and how these processes occur in different cells and tissues to promote ill health and diseases. Concomitantly, we discuss how some pathology-associated and addictive behaviors contribute to worsening these inflammation mechanisms, leading to a vicious cycle that promotes disease progression. Finally, we list some drugs targeting inflammation-related pathways that may have beneficial effects on the pathological processes associated with addictive, mental, and cardiometabolic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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222. Kynurenine Monooxygenase Expression and Activity in Human Astrocytomas.
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Vázquez Cervantes, Gustavo Ignacio, Pineda, Benjamín, Ramírez Ortega, Daniela, Salazar, Alelí, González Esquivel, Dinora Fabiola, Rembao, Daniel, Zavala Vega, Sergio, Gómez-Manzo, Saúl, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
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MONOOXYGENASES ,KYNURENINE ,ASTROCYTOMAS ,BRAIN tumors ,GLIOBLASTOMA multiforme - Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor. The enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which participates in the rate-limiting step of tryptophan catabolism through the kynurenine pathway (KP), is associated with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. The metabolites produced after tryptophan oxidation have immunomodulatory properties that can support the immunosuppressor environment. In this study, mRNA expression, protein expression, and activity of the enzyme kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) were analyzed in GBM cell lines (A172, LN-18, U87, U373) and patient-derived astrocytoma samples. KMO mRNA expression was assessed by real-time RT-qPCR, KMO protein expression was evaluated by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence, and KMO activity was determined by quantifying 3-hydroxykynurenine by HPLC. Heterogenous patterns of both KMO expression and activity were observed among the GBM cell lines, with the A172 cell line showing the highest KMO expression and activity. Higher KMO mRNA expression was observed in glioma samples than in patients diagnosed with only a neurological disease; high KMO mRNA expression was also observed when using samples from patients with GBM in the TCGA program. The KMO protein expression was localized in GFAP
+ cells in tumor tissue. These results suggest that KMO is a relevant target to be explored in glioma since it might play a role in supporting tumor metabolism and immune suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2021
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223. Correction to: High extracellular ATP levels released through pannexin-1 channels mediate inflammation and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle fibres of diet-induced obese mice.
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Jorquera, Gonzalo, Meneses-Valdés, Roberto, Rosales-Soto, Giovanni, Valladares-Ide, Denisse, Campos, Cristian, Silva-Monasterio, Mónica, Llanos, Paola, Cruz, Gonzalo, Jaimovich, Enrique, and Casas, Mariana more...
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A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-021-05451-1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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224. Acute Consumption of Blueberries and Short-Term Blueberry Supplementation Improve Glucose Management and Insulin Levels in Sedentary Subjects.
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Palma, Ximena, Thomas-Valdés, Samanta, and Cruz, Gonzalo
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Background: Blueberries are polyphenol-rich fruits with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Polyphenols from berries act by blocking digestive enzymes, reshaping gastrointestinal microbiota, and affecting the release of gastrointestinal hormones to regulate insulin dynamics and glucose management. However, most studies use fruit extracts instead of fresh fruit. We aimed to evaluate postprandial glucose management and antioxidant capacity of fresh blueberries consumed acutely or as a six-day supplementation in 10 sedentary subjects. Methods: To evaluate the effect of acute blueberry intake, 150 g of blueberries were consumed together with 150 g of white bread by the subject and blood samples were collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min to measure glucose, insulin, and plasma antioxidant capacity. To evaluate supplementation, 150 g of blueberries were provided daily for six days and sample collection was performed at day 7. Results: Acute consumption of blueberries decreased postprandial glucose area under the curve (AUC) and increased insulin levels at 15 min timepoint. Supplementation did not affect glucose levels but decreased insulin levels at 120 min. No changes in antioxidant capacity were observed. Conclusions: Consumption of fresh blueberries improves postprandial glucose management presumably due to actions on the gastrointestinal tract, while supplementation improves insulin sensitivity, probably due antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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225. Gut Susceptibility to Viral Invasion: Contributing Roles of Diet, Microbiota and Enteric Nervous System to Mucosal Barrier Preservation.
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Julio-Pieper, Marcela, López-Aguilera, Alejandra, Eyzaguirre-Velásquez, Johana, Olavarría-Ramírez, Loreto, Ibacache-Quiroga, Claudia, Bravo, Javier A., Cruz, Gonzalo, and Melgar, Silvia
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ENTERIC nervous system ,GUT microbiome ,PATHOGENIC viruses ,DIET ,SMALL intestine - Abstract
The gastrointestinal lumen is a rich source of eukaryotic and prokaryotic viruses which, together with bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms comprise the gut microbiota. Pathogenic viruses inhabiting this niche have the potential to induce local as well as systemic complications; among them, the viral ability to disrupt the mucosal barrier is one mechanism associated with the promotion of diarrhea and tissue invasion. This review gathers recent evidence showing the contributing effects of diet, gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system to either support or impair the mucosal barrier in the context of viral attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2021
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226. Bioinformatic Analysis of Kynurenine Pathway Enzymes and Their Relationship with Glioma Hallmarks.
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Vázquez Cervantes, Gustavo Ignacio, Navarro Cossio, Javier Ángel, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Salazar, Aleli, Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica, and Pineda, Benjamin
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- 2022
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227. Subchronic N -acetylcysteine Treatment Decreases Brain Kynurenic Acid Levels and Improves Cognitive Performance in Mice.
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Blanco Ayala, Tonali, Ramírez Ortega, Daniela, Ovalle Rodríguez, Paulina, Pineda, Benjamín, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, González Esquivel, Dinora, Schwarcz, Robert, Sathyasaikumar, Korrapati V., Jiménez Anguiano, Anabel, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
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METHYL aspartate receptors ,KYNURENINE ,NEURODEGENERATION ,ACIDS ,MICE ,MENTAL illness - Abstract
The tryptophan (Trp) metabolite kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an α7-nicotinic and N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist. Elevated brain KYNA levels are commonly seen in psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases and may be related to cognitive impairments. Recently, we showed that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) inhibits kynurenine aminotransferase II (KAT II), KYNA's key biosynthetic enzyme, and reduces KYNA neosynthesis in rats in vivo. In this study, we examined if repeated systemic administration of NAC influences brain KYNA and cognitive performance in mice. Animals received NAC (100 mg/kg, i.p.) daily for 7 days. Redox markers, KYNA levels, and KAT II activity were determined in the brain. We also assessed the effect of repeated NAC treatment on Trp catabolism using brain tissue slices ex vivo. Finally, learning and memory was evaluated with and without an acute challenge with KYNA's bioprecursor L-kynurenine (Kyn; 100 mg/kg). Subchronic NAC administration protected against an acute pro-oxidant challenge, decreased KYNA levels, and lowered KAT II activity and improved memory both under basal conditions and after acute Kyn treatment. In tissue slices from these mice, KYNA neosynthesis from Trp or Kyn was reduced. Together, our data indicate that prolonged treatment with NAC may enhance memory at least in part by reducing brain KYNA levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
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228. Modulation of Brain Kynurenic Acid by N-Acetylcysteine Prevents Cognitive Impairment and Muscular Weakness Induced by Cisplatin in Female Rats.
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Dorcas Aremu, Teminijesu, Ramírez Ortega, Daniela, Blanco Ayala, Tonali, González Esquivel, Dinora Fabiola, Pineda, Benjamín, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Salazar, Alelí, Flores, Itamar, Meza-Sosa, Karla F., Sánchez Chapul, Laura, Rangel-López, Edgar, Gómez-Manzo, Saúl, Márquez Navarro, Adrián, Roldán Roldán, Gabriel, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
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NERVOUS system tumors , *MEMORY disorders , *NEURAL development , *MUSCLE strength , *LONG-term memory - Abstract
Cisplatin (CIS) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent primarily used to treat hematologic malignancies and solid tumors, including lymphomas, sarcomas, and some carcinomas. Patients receiving this treatment for tumors outside the nervous system develop cognitive impairment. Alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) following CIS treatment suggest that certain KP metabolites may cross the blood–brain barrier, leading to increased production of the neuromodulator kynurenic acid (KYNA), which is associated with cognitive impairment. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of modulating brain KYNA levels by the administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an inhibitor of kynurenine aminotransferase II (KATII), an enzyme responsible for KYNA biosynthesis on the cognitive and neuromuscular deficits induced by CIS. Female Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control, NAC (300 mg/day/8 days), CIS (3 mg/kg i.p/5 days), and NAC + CIS (both treatments co-administered in parallel). Seven days after the last CIS administration, cognitive performance, muscle strength, brain KYNA levels, KATII activity, and brain tissue redox profile (lipid peroxidation and oxidized/reduced glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio) were assessed. CIS did not affect short-term memory but induced long-term memory deficits and reduced muscle strength, effects which were prevented by NAC co-administration. CIS decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio and the number of cells in the brain cortex while it increased lipid peroxidation, KYNA levels, and marginal KATII activity. All these effects were attenuated by the co-administration of NAC. These findings suggest that NAC mitigates the side effects of CIS, such as chemo-brain and muscle weakness, by improving the redox imbalance and modulating KYNA levels by limiting its non-enzymatic production by reactive oxygen species (ROS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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229. Intervenção arqueológica de 2014 na Citânia de Briteiros (Guimarães). Alguns dados e problemáticas sobre o urbanismo dos oppida
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Correia da Cruz, Gonzalo Passos, Ferreira Antunes, José Luís, Correia da Cruz, Gonzalo Passos, and Ferreira Antunes, José Luís
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[ES] Las excavaciones arqueológicas del año 2014 en el castro de la Citânia de Briteiros se desarrollaron en torno a un complejo habitacional familiar descubierto durante los trabajos desarrollados en el siglo XIX. Los sondeos arqueológicos abarcaron un patio y espacios interiores de esta casa familiar, así como también una calle pública. El registro estratigráfico y los datos cronológicos y funcionales obtenidos en esta campaña permiten plantear un interesante debate en relación con el urbanismo de los grandes castros, conocidos como oppida, así como también acerca de los conceptos asociados a la arquitectura doméstica en torno al cambio de Era, cuando dio comienzo el proceso de Romanización, [EN] The 2014 archaeological campaign in the hillfort of Citânia de Briteiros was developed around a family compound discovered during the 19th century fieldworks. The archaeological trenches included a courtyard and indoor spaces of this family house, as well as a public road. The stratigraphic sample and the chronological and functional data obtained in these fieldworks enable an interesting discussion around the urbanism of the large hillforts, known as oppida, as well as the concepts regarding domestic architecture by the transition of Era, when the Romanization process begun more...
230. Large earthquakes, mean sea level, and tsunamis along the Pacific Coast of Mexico and Central America
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Cruz, Gonzalo, primary and Wyss, Max, additional
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- 1983
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231. Molecular Mimicry between Toxoplasma gondii B-Cell Epitopes and Neurodevelopmental Proteins: An Immunoinformatic Approach.
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Meza-Sosa, Karla F., Valle-Garcia, David, González-Conchillos, Hugo, Blanco-Ayala, Tonali, Salazar, Alelí, Flores, Itamar, Gómez-Manzo, Saúl, González Esquivel, Dinora Fabiola, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Pineda, Benjamín, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
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NOTCH proteins , *MOLECULAR mimicry , *LABORATORY rats , *HEAT shock proteins , *NEURAL development , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN M - Abstract
Epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have shown a strong association between high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) and schizophrenia. Schizophrenic patients showed higher levels of anti-Toxoplasma immunoglobulins M and G (IgM and IgG) when compared to healthy controls. Previously, in a rat model, we demonstrated that the progeny of mothers immunized with T. gondii lysates before gestation had behavioral and social impairments during adulthood. Therefore, we suggested that T. gondii infection can trigger autoreactivity by molecularly mimicking host brain proteins. Here, we aimed to identify the occurrence of antigenic mimicry between T. gondii epitopes and host brain proteins. Using a bioinformatic approach, we predicted T. gondii RH-88 B cell epitopes and compared them to human cell-surface proteins involved in brain development and differentiation (BrainS). Five different algorithms for B-cell-epitope prediction were used and compared, resulting in 8584 T. gondii epitopes. We then compared T. gondii predicted epitopes to BrainS proteins by local sequence alignments using BLASTP. T. gondii immunogenic epitopes significantly overlapped with 42 BrainS proteins. Among these overlapping proteins essential for brain development and differentiation, we identified HSP90 and NOTCH receptors as the proteins most likely to be targeted by the maternally generated pathogenic antibodies due to their topological overlap at the extracellular region of their sequence. This analysis highlights the relevance of pregestational clinical surveillance and screening for potential pathogenic anti-T. gondii antibodies. It also identifies potential targets for the design of vaccines that could prevent behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with pre-gestational T. gondii exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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232. How Widespread are Nonnative Species? Estimating Habitat Occupancy in an Ecological Reserve within a Megacity
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Ramírez-Cruz, Gonzalo A., Mendoza-Hernández, Pedro E., Solano-Zavaleta, Israel, and Zúñiga-Vega, J. Jaime
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- 2018
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233. Multi-Organ Increase in Norepinephrine Levels after Central Leptin Administration and Diet-Induced Obesity.
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Fernandois, Daniela, Vázquez, María Jesús, Barroso, Alexia, Paredes, Alfonso H., Tena-Sempere, Manuel, and Cruz, Gonzalo
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HYPOTHALAMUS , *LEPTIN , *NON-alcoholic fatty liver disease , *NORADRENALINE , *SYMPATHETIC nervous system , *ORGANS (Anatomy) - Abstract
Autonomic innervation is important to regulate homeostasis in every organ of the body. The sympathetic nervous system controls several organs associated with metabolism and reproduction, including adipose tissue, the liver, and the ovaries. The sympathetic nervous system is controlled within the central nervous system by neurons located in the hypothalamus, which in turn are regulated by hormones like leptin. Leptin action in the hypothalamus leads to increased sympathetic activity in the adipose tissue. In this short report, we propose that leptin action in the brain also controls the sympathetic innervation of other organs like the liver and the ovary. We performed two experiments: We performed an intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection of leptin and measured norepinephrine levels in several organs, and we used a validated model of overnutrition and obesity to evaluate whether an increase in leptin levels coexists with high levels of norepinephrine in the liver and ovaries. Norepinephrine was measured by ELISA in adipose tissue and by HPLC-EC in other tissues. Leptin was measured by ELISA. We found that the ICV injection of leptin increases norepinephrine levels in several organs, including the liver and ovaries. Also, we found that diet-induced obesity leads to an increase in leptin levels while inducing an increase in norepinephrine levels in the liver and ovaries. Finally, since hyperactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is observed both in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome, we think that an increase in norepinephrine levels induced by hyperleptinemia could be involved in the pathogenesis of both diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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234. Evaluación del crecimiento de Callinectes sapidus (Decapoda: Portunidae) con métodos basados en talla, Tamaulipas, México.
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Rodríguez-Castro, Jorge Homero, Ramírez, José A., Velázquez-de-la-Cruz, Gonzalo, and Correa-Sandoval, Alfonso
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The capture blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is one of the major fisheries of the state of Tamaulipas, Mexico; both in volume and selling price, as well as employment generation, but there is little information on its biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the growth parameters of the blue crab, establishing the most appropriate method. We estimated the length frequency of 17 814 crabs from commercial catch of thirteen locations, including four coastal lagoons. The lagoons were El Barril, Madre, Morales and San Andrés from Tamaulipas, State. Growth parameters were evaluated using indirect methods ELEFAN, PROJMAT and SLCA in combination with the jackknife technique to establish the uncertainty of estimates inherent in each method. The growth parameters L8 and k were consolidated for purposes of comparison with the growth index phi prime (F'). With a mode of 110 mm, the interval carapace length varied between 60 and 205 mm. The values of the growth parameters varied according to the method used. Using SLCA, L8 varied between 259 and 260 mm and k ranged between 0.749 and 0.750 /year; with PROJMAT, L8 recorded values between 205 and 260 mm, k fluctuated between 0.550 and 0.740/year, and with ELEFAN, L8 ranged between 156 and 215 mm and k varied between 0.479 and 0.848/year. Estimates by jackknife detected no variability in F' between locations and significant differences between methods. The ranges of values of F' and PROJMAT estimated SLCA (4.70 to 4.71 and 4.66 to 4.70, respectively) were in the range reported in the literature (4.201-4.798), while lower values ELEFAN contributed significantly (3.87 to 4.27). The SLCA and PROJMAT methods in combination with the jackknife technique, proved to be the most suitable to estimate the growth parameters of C. sapidus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
235. Chronic Exposure to High Fat Diet Affects the Synaptic Transmission That Regulates the Dopamine Release in the Nucleus Accumbens of Adolescent Male Rats.
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Plaza-Briceño, Wladimir, Velásquez, Victoria B., Silva-Olivares, Francisco, Ceballo, Karina, Céspedes, Ricardo, Jorquera, Gonzalo, Cruz, Gonzalo, Martínez-Pinto, Jonathan, Bonansco, Christian, and Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón more...
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NEURAL transmission , *NUCLEUS accumbens , *CHILDHOOD obesity , *HIGH-fat diet , *FOOD consumption , *TEENAGE boys , *DOPAMINE , *ADOLESCENT obesity , *NEURAL circuitry - Abstract
Obesity is a pandemic caused by many factors, including a chronic excess in hypercaloric and high-palatable food intake. In addition, the global prevalence of obesity has increased in all age categories, such as children, adolescents, and adults. However, at the neurobiological level, how neural circuits regulate the hedonic consumption of food intake and how the reward circuit is modified under hypercaloric diet consumption are still being unraveled. We aimed to determine the molecular and functional changes of dopaminergic and glutamatergic modulation of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in male rats exposed to chronic consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a chow diet or HFD from postnatal day (PND) 21 to 62, increasing obesity markers. In addition, in HFD rats, the frequency but not amplitude of the spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current is increased in NAcc medium spiny neurons (MSNs). Moreover, only MSNs expressing dopamine (DA) receptor type 2 (D2) increase the amplitude and glutamate release in response to amphetamine, downregulating the indirect pathway. Furthermore, NAcc gene expression of inflammasome components is increased by chronic exposure to HFD. At the neurochemical level, DOPAC content and tonic dopamine (DA) release are reduced in NAcc, while phasic DA release is increased in HFD-fed rats. In conclusion, our model of childhood and adolescent obesity functionally affects the NAcc, a brain nucleus involved in the hedonic control of feeding, which might trigger addictive-like behaviors for obesogenic foods and, through positive feedback, maintain the obese phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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236. Keystone species in an urban environment: Do raptors control the Mexican gray squirrel in Mexico City?
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Johnson, E. Elias, Espinosa-Lucas, D. Alejandro, Pérez-García, R. Darío, Solano-Zavaleta, Israel, Zúñiga-Vega, J. Jaime, and Ramírez-Cruz, Gonzalo A.
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URBAN ecology , *TOP predators , *KEYSTONE species , *PREY availability , *FOOD chains , *PREDATION - Abstract
Urbanization has forced animals to respond to novel environments. One of the basic questions in urban ecology is if ecological processes that occur in natural conditions also occur in urban environments. In natural ecosystems, key predators can limit prey abundance and have a widespread effect on trophic levels. Here, we examine a predator-prey interaction in Mexico City, an urban ecosystem where prey can be evaluated in the presence or absence of apex predators. Nearly all original ecosystems in Mexico City have been transformed for human purposes. Many of the green spaces in the city contain populations of the Mexican gray squirrel, a species native to this area. These green spaces are also inhabited by different species of raptors, the most frequent being Harris's hawk, Cooper's hawk, and sharp-shinned hawk. Little is known about the interactions between raptors and squirrels, particularly how different environmental factors influence this ecological relationship. We do know, however, that raptors prey on squirrels. We predicted that in parks where raptors were present, there would be fewer squirrels than in parks where there were no raptors. We studied the relationship between raptors and squirrels using occupancy models, which also allowed us to evaluate environmental factors that affect the presence of both squirrels and raptors. We also tested if the presence of raptors influenced the occupancy probability of squirrels, and vice versa. Lastly, we estimated the abundance of squirrels in parks, both where raptors were present and where they were absent. Contrary to our predictions, in our first two sampling periods we found a positive relationship between the presence of raptors and squirrel abundance, but this relationship was absent during our second two survey periods, which was due to a decline in squirrel abundance in parks where raptors were present. These results suggest that predator-prey interactions occur in urban settings much as they do under natural conditions, but that other factors unique to urbanization can also impact the abundance of raptors and squirrels. Our findings also suggest that raptors might be an effective means of controlling squirrel populations under some conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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237. Modafinil Administration to Preadolescent Rat Impairs Non-Selective Attention, Frontal Cortex D 2 Expression and Mesolimbic GABA Levels.
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Cid-Jofré, Valeska, Moreno, Macarena, Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, Cruz, Gonzalo, and Renard, Georgina M.
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FRONTAL lobe , *GABA , *PRETEENS , *MODAFINIL , *DOPAMINE receptors , *NUCLEUS accumbens , *METHYL aspartate - Abstract
The misuse of psychostimulants is an increasing behavior among young people, highlighting in some countries the abuse of modafinil (MOD) as a neuropotentiator. However, several clinical trials are investigating MOD as an alternative pharmacological treatment for attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. On the other hand, the early use of psychostimulants and the misdiagnosis rates in ADHD make it crucial to investigate the brain effects of this type of drug in young healthy individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of chronic MOD treatment on neurochemicals (γ-aminobutyric acid and glutamate), dopamine receptor 2 (D2) expression and behavior (non-selective attention "NSA") in the mesocorticolimbic system of young healthy Sprague–Dawley rats. Preadolescent male rats were injected with MOD (75 mg/kg, i.p.) or a vehicle for 14 days (from postnatal day 22 to 35). At postnatal day 36, we measured the GLU and GABA contents and their extracellular levels in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In addition, the GLU and GABA contents were measured in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and D2 protein levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Chronic use of MOD during adolescence induces behavioral and neurochemical changes associated with the mesocorticolimbic system, such as a reduction in PFC D2 expression, VTA GABA levels and NSA. These results contribute to the understanding of the neurological effects of chronic MOD use on a young healthy brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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238. Pregnancy, perinatal and childhood outcomes in women with and without polycystic ovary syndrome and metformin during pregnancy: a nationwide population-based study.
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Fornes, Romina, Simin, Johanna, Nguyen, Minh Hanh, Cruz, Gonzalo, Crisosto, Nicolás, van der Schaaf, Maartje, Engstrand, Lars, and Brusselaers, Nele
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GESTATIONAL diabetes , *FETAL macrosomia , *POLYCYSTIC ovary syndrome , *SMALL for gestational age , *PREGNANCY outcomes , *LOW birth weight , *METFORMIN - Abstract
Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that affects women in reproductive age and represents an unfavourable risk factor for several pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. Despite, no guidelines or pharmaceutical strategies for treating PCOS during pregnancy are available. The aim of this study is to determine the association between polycystic ovary syndrome with or without metformin and the pregnancy, perinatal outcomes as well as the risk of obesity in children born to these mothers. Methods: In this nationwide population-based cohort study based in Swedish population, all singleton births (n = 1,016,805) from 686,847 women since 2006 up to 2016 were included. Multivariable logistic and Cox regression modelling with odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals were used to study the association between the exposure of maternal PCOS, metformin during pregnancy (or the combination of both) and: 1) Pregnancy outcomes: preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, caesarean section, and acute caesarean section, 2) Perinatal outcomes: preterm birth, stillbirth, low birth weight, macrosomia, Apgar < 7 at 5 min, small for gestational age and large for gestational age, and 3) Childhood Obesity. Results: PCOS in women without metformin use during pregnancy was associated with higher risks of preeclampsia (OR = 1.09, 1.02–1.17), gestational diabetes (OR = 1.71, 1.53–1.91) and caesarean section (OR = 1.08, 1.04–1.12), preterm birth (OR = 1.30, 1.23–1.38), low birth weight (OR = 1.29, 1.20–1.38), low Apgar scores (OR = 1.17, 1.05–1.31) and large for gestational age (OR = 1.11, 1.03–1.20). Metformin use during pregnancy (in women without PCOS) was associated with a 29% lower risks of preeclampsia (OR = 0.71, 0.51–0.97), macrosomia and large for gestational age. Obesity was more common among children born to mothers with PCOS without metformin (HR = 1.61, 1.44–1.81); and those with metformin without PCOS (HR = 1.67, 1.05–2.65). PCOS with metformin was not associated with any adverse outcome. Conclusion: PCOS was associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes and childhood obesity. Metformin appears to reduce these risks in mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome and their children; but may increase the risk of childhood-obesity in children form women without PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
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239. Effect of electric field on physicochemical properties and resistant starch formation in ohmic heating processed corn starch.
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Flores-García, Francisco M., Morales-Sánchez, Eduardo, Gaytán-Martínez, Marcela, de la Cruz, Gonzalo Velázquez, and Méndez-Montealvo, Ma. Guadalupe del Carmen
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RESISTANCE heating , *CORNSTARCH , *ELECTRIC field effects , *PROCESS heating , *STARCH , *CARBOXYL group - Abstract
This research investigated the impact of ohmic heating (OH) on the physicochemical properties and resistant starch formation in native corn starch. Electric field strengths (EFS) of 50, 75, and 100 V/cm were applied to native starch, at a starch–water ratio of 1:1 w / v. The conductivity of the medium is a crucial factor in ohmic heating. In this study, the conductivity values at 120 °C were measured at 1.5 mS/m. The study revealed two distinct outcomes resulting from the application of different EFS. Firstly, a thermal effect induced gelatinization, resulting in a reduction in the enthalpy of corn starch, an increase in the water absorption index (WAI) and the water solubility index (WSI), and a decrease in peak viscosity. Secondly, a non-thermal effect of OH was observed, leading to the electrolysis of certain starch compounds and water. This electrolysis process generated radicals (-OH) that interacted with starch components, augmenting the percentage of resistant starch. This increase was associated with elevated levels of carbonyl and carboxyl groups at 75 and 100 V/cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
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240. Kynurenine Pathway as a New Target of Cognitive Impairment Induced by Lead Toxicity During the Lactation.
- Author
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Ramirez Ortega, Daniela, Ovalle Rodríguez, Paulina, Pineda, Benjamín, González Esquivel, Dinora F., Ramos Chávez, Lucio Antonio, Vázquez Cervantes, Gustavo I., Roldán Roldán, Gabriel, Pérez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Díaz Ruiz, Araceli, Méndez Armenta, Marisela, Marcial Quino, Jaime, Gómez Manzo, Saul, Ríos, Camilo, and Pérez de la Cruz, Verónica more...
- Abstract
The immature brain is especially vulnerable to lead (Pb2+) toxicity, which is considered an environmental neurotoxin. Pb2+ exposure during development compromises the cognitive and behavioral attributes which persist even later in adulthood, but the mechanisms involved in this effect are still unknown. On the other hand, the kynurenine pathway metabolites are modulators of different receptors and neurotransmitters related to cognition; specifically, high kynurenic acid levels has been involved with cognitive impairment, including deficits in spatial working memory and attention process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the neurocognitive impairment induced by Pb2+ toxicity and the kynurenine pathway. The dams were divided in control group and Pb2+ group, which were given tap water or 500 ppm of lead acetate in drinking water ad libitum, respectively, from 0 to 23 postnatal day (PND). The poison was withdrawn, and tap water was given until 60 PND of the progeny. The locomotor activity in open field, redox environment, cellular function, kynurenic acid (KYNA) and 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK) levels as well as kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) activities were evaluated at both 23 and 60 PND. Additionally, learning and memory through buried food location test and expression of KAT and KMO, and cellular damage were evaluated at 60 PND. Pb2+ group showed redox environment alterations, cellular dysfunction and KYNA and 3-HK levels increased. No changes were observed in KAT activity. KMO activity increased at 23 PND and decreased at 60 PND. No changes in KAT and KMO expression in control and Pb2+ group were observed, however the number of positive cells expressing KMO and KAT increased in relation to control, which correlated with the loss of neuronal population. Cognitive impairment was observed in Pb2+ group which was correlated with KYNA levels. These results suggest that the increase in KYNA levels could be a mechanism by which Pb2+ induces cognitive impairment in adult mice, hence the modulation of kynurenine pathway represents a potential target to improve behavioural alterations produced by this environmental toxin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2020
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241. Obesogenic Diet-Induced Neuroinflammation: A Pathological Link between Hedonic and Homeostatic Control of Food Intake.
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Marcos, José Luis, Olivares-Barraza, Rossy, Ceballo, Karina, Wastavino, Melisa, Ortiz, Víctor, Riquelme, Julio, Martínez-Pinto, Jonathan, Muñoz, Pablo, Cruz, Gonzalo, and Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón
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FOOD consumption , *NEUROINFLAMMATION , *FOOD supply , *INGESTION , *CENTRAL nervous system , *NUCLEUS accumbens - Abstract
Obesity-induced neuroinflammation is a chronic aseptic central nervous system inflammation that presents systemic characteristics associated with increased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) and the presence of microglia and reactive astrogliosis as well as the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. The obesity pandemic is associated with lifestyle changes, including an excessive intake of obesogenic foods and decreased physical activity. Brain areas such as the lateral hypothalamus (LH), lateral septum (LS), ventral tegmental area (VTA), and nucleus accumbens (NAcc) have been implicated in the homeostatic and hedonic control of feeding in experimental models of diet-induced obesity. In this context, a chronic lipid intake triggers neuroinflammation in several brain regions such as the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala. This review aims to present the background defining the significant impact of neuroinflammation and how this, when induced by an obesogenic diet, can affect feeding control, triggering metabolic and neurological alterations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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242. Pharmacological models and approaches for pathophysiological conditions associated with hypoxia and oxidative stress.
- Author
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Farías, Jorge G., Herrera, Emilio A., Carrasco-Pozo, Catalina, Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, Cruz, Gonzalo, Morales, Paola, and Castillo, Rodrigo L.
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PATHOLOGICAL physiology , *HYPOXEMIA , *OXIDATIVE stress , *OXYGENATION (Chemistry) , *OXYGEN consumption , *OXYGEN in the body - Abstract
Hypoxia is the failure of oxygenation at the tissue level, where the reduced oxygen delivered is not enough to satisfy tissue demands. Metabolic depression is the physiological adaptation associated with reduced oxygen consumption, which evidently does not cause any harm to organs that are exposed to acute and short hypoxic insults. Oxidative stress (OS) refers to the imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the ability of endogenous antioxidant systems to scavenge ROS, where ROS overwhelms the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diseases related to hypoxia during intrauterine development and postnatal life. Thus, excessive ROS are implicated in the irreversible damage to cell membranes, DNA, and other cellular structures by oxidizing lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Here, we describe several pathophysiological conditions and in vivo and ex vivo models developed for the study of hypoxic and oxidative stress injury. We reviewed existing literature on the responses to hypoxia and oxidative stress of the cardiovascular, renal, reproductive, and central nervous systems, and discussed paradigms of chronic and intermittent hypobaric hypoxia. This systematic review is a critical analysis of the advantages in the application of some experimental strategies and their contributions leading to novel pharmacological therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
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243. Informe sobre el impacto de las medidas de aislamiento social preventivo en el sector productivo del Partido de Balcarce
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Graña, Fernando Manuel, Mertens, Violeta, Rech, Lautaro, Mauro, Lucía Mercedes, Liseras, Natacha, Graña, Fernando Manuel, Tapia, Ciro, Castellucci, Daniela I., Corbo, Yanina A., Cruz, Gonzalo, and Roldán, Nadia G. more...
- Subjects
Sector Agropecuario ,Balcarce ,COVID-19 ,Sector Turístico ,Impacto Económico ,Sector Productivo ,Sector Industrial ,Actividad Económica ,Aislamiento Social - Abstract
El presente informe caracteriza la situación del sector productivo del Partido de Balcarce frente a las medidas de Aislamiento Social Preventivo Obligatorio. En el documento se analiza la situación de la industria, del sector turístico y de los sectores agrícola y ganadero. Estos apartados fueron realizados por los Grupos de Investigación de Análisis Industrial y de Turismo y Sociedad y por la Secretaría de Vinculación con el Medio de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. A esto se le adicionan las consideraciones de empresarios y representantes de instituciones empresariales vinculadas a comercio y servicios y a la actividad agropecuaria. Este trabajo fue realizado por el Centro de Desarrollo Económico Territorial de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales, con la colaboración de la Secretaría de Extensión de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias., Fil: Graña, Fernando Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina., Fil: Mertens, Violeta. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina., Fil: Rech, Lautaro. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina. more...
- Published
- 2020
244. Informe sobre el impacto de las medidas de aislamiento social preventivo en el sector productivo del Partido de General Pueyrredon
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Graña, Fernando Manuel, Barbini, Bernarda, Zaballa, Esteban, Mauro, Lucía Mercedes, Liseras, Natacha, Calá, Carla Daniela, Graña, Fernando Manuel, Castellucci, Daniela I., Corbo, Yanina A., Cruz, Gonzalo, Roldán, Nadia G., Teyseyre, Jesica, Rech, Lautaro, Giudice, Adrián José Antonio, García, Noelia, Paladino, Máximo, Di Maio, Luciano, and Vidal, Melisa more...
- Subjects
Partido de General Pueyrredon ,COVID-19 ,Sector Turístico ,Impacto Económico ,Sector Productivo ,Sindicatos ,Sector Industrial ,Actividad Económica ,Aislamiento Social ,Cooperativas - Abstract
El presente informe caracteriza la situación del sector productivo del Partido de General Pueyrredon (PGP) frente a las medidas de Aislamiento Social Preventivo Obligatorio. Para ello inicialmente se analiza la situación de la industria desde la perspectiva empresarial y luego del sector turístico del PGP. Estos apartados fueron realizados por el Grupo de Análisis Industrial, el Grupo de Turismo y Sociedad y la Secretaría de Vinculación con el Medio. A esto se le adiciona en tres recuadros las consideraciones de representantes de instituciones empresariales vinculadas al comercio, de cooperativas y de organizaciones sindicales y sociales. Este trabajo fue realizado por el Centro de Desarrollo Económico Territorial y el Grupo de Extensión Economía Social y Solidaria de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales y el Consejo Social de la Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata., Fil: Graña, Fernando Manuel. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina., Fil: Barbini, Bernarda. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina., Fil: Zaballa, Esteban. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina. more...
- Published
- 2020
245. Development of environmentally friendly composite films based on cellulose
- Author
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Cazón Díaz, Patricia, Vázquez Vázquez, Manuel, Velázquez de la Cruz, Gonzalo, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Centro Internacional de Estudos de Doutoramento e Avanzados (CIEDUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Escola de Doutoramento Internacional Campus Terra, and Universidade de Santiago de Compostela. Programa de Doutoramento en Innovación en Seguridade e Tecnoloxía Alimentarias more...
- Subjects
Food packaging ,Biodegradable films ,3309.13 Conservación de Alimentos ,Cellulose ,2301.15 Análisis de Polímeros - Abstract
In today's society, packaging is part of the daily life of all people wide world, as reflected in the production and intake data published in several studies. The excessive intake of these non-biodegradable materials and the problems associated with its poor management have led to an uncontrolled generation of non-biodegradable plastic waste in the environment. As result, society demands the development of new alternatives and biodegradable materials that can gradually replace, or at least partially, the main plastic materials used in the food industry. Among the main materials studied, cellulose is the most abundant polysaccharide on Earth that shows potential properties to develop new biodegradable materials. Despite that, the application of biodegradable materials based on cellulose is not widespread in the food industry. The main reason is due to a several limitations of cellulose materials, such as mechanical and optical properties among others. However, the combination of cellulose with other biodegradable polymers or plasticizing agents, such as polyvinyl alcohol and glycerol, offers a simple method to develop new composite materials with improved properties and potential applications. more...
- Published
- 2020
246. Chronic modafinil administration to preadolescent rats impairs social play behavior and dopaminergic system.
- Author
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Cid-Jofré, Valeska, Gárate-Pérez, Macarena, Clark, Philip J., Valero-Jara, Viviana, España, Rodrigo A., Sotomayor-Zárate, Ramón, Cruz, Gonzalo, and Renard, Georgina M.
- Subjects
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PRETEENS , *MODAFINIL , *REWARD (Psychology) , *SPRAGUE Dawley rats , *NUCLEUS accumbens , *RATS , *CYCLIC voltammetry - Abstract
Some clinical trials are investigating modafinil (Mod) as a treatment for attentional deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents. Mod increases dopamine (DA) levels in the reward system by blocking dopamine transporter (DAT). Social interactions are rewarding behaviors and evidence reveals the importance of reward circuitry in social interactions. Chronic psychostimulant treatments alter DA neurotransmission and associated behaviors. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of chronic Mod treatment during preadolescence on social play behavior, locomotor activity, and DA in nucleus accumbens (NAc). Preadolescent male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with Mod (75 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle for 14 days (PND22 to PND35). After that, we measured social play behavior, content and DA release in NAc by HPLC coupled to electrochemical detection, protein levels of DA type 2 receptor (D 2) by Western blot and DA kinetic by fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in NAc. Regarding social play, the total number of pinning events decreased in the Mod group compared with the vehicle. The K+-stimulated DA release in NAc was significantly lower in Mod-treated rats compared with vehicle group. Also, Mod increases locomotor activity at the first injection, but this effect is almost completely lost at day 14 of Mod treatment. Chronic Mod treatment during preadolescence in rats impairs dopaminergic neurotransmission in NAc and decreases the capacity of rats to perceive rewarding effects of social play. Importantly, as Mod is being evaluated to treat ADHD in children and adolescents, potential effects on social behavior should be considered since this kind of behavior in this particular stage is crucial for neurodevelopment. • Chronic Mod treatment impairs social play behavior. • Chronic Mod treatment during preadolescence impairs DA release in NAc. • Acute Mod fail to increase locomotor activity after 14 days of Mod treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
247. Desarrollo de un sistema de control de costos por procesos en las empresas inmobiliarias de la ciudad de Machala
- Author
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Honores Cun, Griselda Elizabeth and Chavez Cruz, Gonzalo Junior
- Published
- 2017
248. Habitat traits that increase the probability of occupancy of migratory birds in an urban ecological reserve.
- Author
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Zúñiga-Vega, J. Jaime, Solano-Zavaleta, Israel, Sáenz-Escobar, M. Fernanda, and Ramírez-Cruz, Gonzalo A.
- Subjects
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MIGRATORY birds , *BIRD declines , *HABITATS , *BIRD habitats , *MIGRATORY animals , *CITIES & towns , *PROTECTED areas , *STOCHASTIC dominance - Abstract
Several migratory bird species spend the winter in highly disturbed regions in the tropics. Green areas within cities may be used as wintering grounds and, given the documented population declines of migratory birds, knowledge about the habitat traits that promote the arrival of migratory birds in such fragmented ecosystems is highly necessary. Here, we examined the landscape traits that increased the probability of presence of five migratory species in an ecological reserve immersed within Mexico City. We monitored these species during three consecutive winters and used multiple-season occupancy models (which account for our imperfect detection of these species in the field) to find the particular habitat traits that promote their presence in this urban reserve. Contrary to our expectation, we found that all five species prefer habitat traits associated with the urban areas that surround the core conservation areas of the reserve. We conclude that the heterogeneity of these urban areas (a mixture of areas where exotic trees are abundant and open green areas with minimal tree or shrub cover) promotes the arrival of migratory species with distinct ecological needs. • We estimated occupancy probabilities of five migratory birds that spend the winter in an ecological reserve in Mexico City. • All five species preferred habitat traits associated with the urban areas that surround the core areas of the reserve. • Sites close to urban structures with a high tree diversity and cover were more likely to be occupied by our focal species. • The urban lanscape provides high habitat heterogeneity as opposed to the reserve, which has scarce tree cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
249. La ocupación hotelera en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires y Provincia de Buenos Aires, 2010-2014
- Author
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Cossa, Luciana Silvia and Cruz, Gonzalo
- Subjects
Datos Estadísticos ,Demanda ,Hotelería - Abstract
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la ocupación hotelera en la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) y Provincia de Buenos Aires 2010-2014. El desarrollo de este trabajo permite profundizar el conocimiento en un área con gran caudal de información, que se actualiza periódicamente pero que se encuentra muy dispersa y que, a menudo, resulta difícil de obtener y sistematizar., Fil: Cossa, Luciana Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Sociales; Argentina. more...
- Published
- 2015
250. Análisis del proceso coactivo de retención en la fuente y del impuesto al valor agregado (IVA) correspondiente a los años 2009 2010 y 2011 #REO-481-2012 contra Comercial Machala Linda del señor Roberto Aquilino Arteaga Venegas, de la ciudad de Machala
- Author
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Barrezueta Venegas, Carolina Johanna and Chávez Cruz, Gonzalo
- Subjects
TRIBUTACIÓN ,COACTIVA ,IMPUESTOS ,POLITICA FISCAL - Published
- 2013
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