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O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre estudos acerca das relações sociais, cognição na doença de Alzheimer. Foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, LILACs, BIREME e SCOPUS, utilizando os termos “Alzheimer” and “social relationships”. O banco final incluído na análise foi composto por 15 artigos, publicados desde 2007. Foi constatada a necessidade de um incremento na realização de pesquisas que visem a compreender como o suporte social se desenvolve e é vivenciado por idosos no contexto brasileiro, sugerindo direções futuras para o desenvolvimento de estudos nessa área no país

Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência, desempenho cognitivo e funcionalidade de idosos com a doença de Alzheimer em Instituições de Longa Permanência para o Idoso na cidade de Bento Gonçalves. Metodologia: Estudo transversal do qual participaram 24 idosos residentes em instituições de longa permanência para o idoso. Foram obtidos os dados sociodemográficos, e os idosos foram submetidos à avaliação funcional pela Medida de Independência Funcional e a avaliação do desempenho cognitivo através do Mini Exame do Estado Mental. Resultados: A maioria dos residentes era do gênero feminino (83%), quanto a escolaridade 54,2% possuíam ensino médio incompleto, a maioria dos idosos (70,8%) foi internado por vontade da família, todos os idosos apresentaram desempenho cognitivo ruim, e quanto pior o desempenho cognitivo mais dependente era o indivíduo. Conclusão: Idosos institucionalizados que apresentam doença de Alzheimer obtiveram resultados negativos no desempenho cognitivo avaliado, e também déficits em suas capacidades de realizar atividades de vida diária, alterando assim sua funcionalidade

ABSTRACT Currently, there are no studies reporting how much balance impairment coexists with gait apraxia in mild and moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objectives To assess correlations among gait apraxia, balance impairment and cognitive performance in mild (AD1, n = 30) and moderate (AD2, n = 30) AD. Method The following evaluations were undertaken: gait apraxia (Assessment Walking Skills); balance performance (Berg Balance Scale); Clinical Dementia Rating and Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE). Results While disregarding AD subgroups, Berg Balance Scale and the MMSE correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills and 23% of all subjects scored below its cut-off. After stratification, Berg Balance Scale correlated significantly with Assessment Walking Skills in both AD subgroups, and with the MMSE only in AD1. Conclusions Balance impairment does not necessarily coexist with gait apraxia. Gait apraxia is more prevalent in moderate AD when compared with mild AD.

Resumo Este estudo aborda as representações de cuidadores familiares de idosos com Alzheimer considerando o cuidado à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais. Objetiva observar e identificar as representações dos cuidadores familiares sobre o cuidado e analisar como influenciam em suas práticas de cuidado. É do tipo empírico, exploratório, qualiquantitativo e utiliza como método o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Participaram 21 cuidadores familiares de idosos com Alzheimer, sendo 24% homens e 76% mulheres, com faixa etária de 32 a 69 anos. Sobre o suporte fa miliar, 57% afirmaram possuir ajuda de parentes no cuidado com o idoso e 42 % declararam cuidar sozi nhos deles. Quanto à renda, 24% afirmaram que era confortável, 63%, que era razoável. Quanto à ajuda de profissionais, 63% afirmaram não possuir qual quer tipo de ajuda em casa e 38% possuíam ajuda, mas frequentemente relacionada aos serviços do mésticos. Emergiram as seguintes representações sociais: o cuidado como prisão; como missão; como desarmonia de identidades sociais e como gratidão. As representações atreladas às ideias de prisão e desarmonia de identidades acrescentam ansiedade, estresse e insegurança à vida dos cuidadores. Foram encontradas representações sobre o cuidado, sendo ao menos duas delas representações negativas, as sociando o cuidado às ideias de prisão e desarmonia de identidades sociais. Não foi possível alcançar de forma direta suas repercussões sobre a prática de cuidado pela ausência de observação da rotina de cuidado durante esta pesquisa.

Intervenções efetivas são necessárias para ajudar familiares que cuidam de idosos com doença de Alzheimer (DA) a manejarem as dificuldades que surgem nessa situação. Neste estudo, foram avaliados dois objetivos de uma intervenção psicoeducativa, que visavam ajudar cuidadores familiares a: (a) entender formas construtivas de agir e (b) envolver o idoso com DA em atividades cotidianas. Participaram do programa 15 cuidadoras, que responderam um instrumento de conhecimentos e outro sobre comportamentos do idoso, em três momentos. Foram observados resultados significativos na aprendizagem de conceitos (t(13)=9,048; pchr(38)lt;0,001; d=2,42) e em sua retenção, quando se comparou o follow-up com o pré-teste (t(10)=6,431; pchr(38)lt;0,001; d=1,95). O uso de estratégias novas para contornar dificuldades dos idosos também foi mantido, um ano depois do término da intervenção. Assim, esse programa apresentou efeitos positivos para os cuidadores

RESUMO Objetivo Apresentar o desenvolvimento de um website com informações sobre a doença de Alzheimer (DA) e suas consequências para a comunicação e verificar a qualidade técnica e das informações fornecidas ao público idoso, cuidadores de idosos e fonoaudiólogos. Métodos Foi elaborado um website, contendo informações sobre a doença de Alzheimer, buscando-se uma linguagem simples e clara, com conteúdo sucinto, analisadas pelo índice de Flesch, que demonstrou a maior parte do conteúdo (75% dos submenus) com grau de legibilidade relacionado ao percentil correspondente a “fácil”. A elaboração do website seguiu as etapas de análise e planejamento, modelagem, implementação e avaliação. A avaliação foi realizada por 16 idosos, 12 cuidadores de idosos e 28 fonoaudiólogos. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio do teste Kruskal-Wallis e coeficiente de correlação de Spearman. Resultados A pesquisa contou com a participação de pessoas com diferentes níveis educacionais, que acessavam a Internet com frequência, observando-se prevalência do gênero feminino. A análise do conteúdo apontou diferença estatisticamente significativa no escore geral entre idosos versus cuidadores e fonoaudiólogos, além dos submenus relacionados ao cérebro e à DA, as fases e os impactos na comunicação. O conteúdo do website foi avaliado como “excelente” e qualidade técnica do website apresentou-se como “adequada”. Conclusão O website foi desenvolvido dentro das etapas propostas, sendo sua qualidade técnica e conteúdo uma fonte de consulta ou de complementação de informações fidedignas. Ajustes dos conteúdos de alguns submenus podem ser realizados para atender ao público idoso, porém, o respaldo técnico mostra-se presente frente à avaliação dos fonoaudiólogos.

Objetivo: verificar o conhecimento produzido pelos pesquisadores a respeito da percepção dos idosos sobre a doença de Alzheimer (DA). Método: revisão integrativa da literatura com levantamento bibliográfico realizado na Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), MEDLINE e nos bancos de dados do Portal de Periódicos Capes. Resultados: a amostra final foi constituída por onze artigos científicos, selecionados pelos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Observou-se a incipiência de arti­gos científicos publicados sobre a Doença de Alzheimer com metodologia qualitativa que utilize a Teoria das Representações Sociais (RS). Conclusão: verificou-se a necessidade de pesquisas para investigar o comportamento de idosos frente a doença de Alzheimer tendo como aporte teórico a teoria das RS para que em um futuro próximo se acumule subsídios com base científica criando possibilidades de haver promoções de intervenções como políticas de saúde, com finalidade precípua de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Descritores: Percepção, Idoso, Doença de Alzheimer.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Several studies have been conducted in order to validate cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), aiming primarily to facilitate the early diagnosis. Objective: To evaluate CSF biomarkers on patients with probable AD and the applicability of the international references values in this population. Methods: 46 individuals were recruited and classified as probable AD (n = 19), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 5) and other dementias (n = 22). The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers were measured using the INNOTEST kits for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Higher Tau protein values and lower Aβand Innotest Amyloid Tau Index (IATI) values were observed in AD group when compared with MCI; higher levels of Tau and phosphorylated Tau (P-Tau), and lower Aβand IATI values were observed in AD group when compared to patients with other dementias. No biomarker or IATI was able to distinguish between MCI and other dementias. The kappa index between biomarkers and the clinical diagnosis was regular to Tau and IATI, and weak to Aβand P-tau. Conclusion: The cut-off values for each biomarker that showed better combined sensibility and specificity differ from the reference values suggested by the manufacturer. The CSF biomarkers represent important resources that can help with the AD diagnosis, although the results interpretation must be made based on the analysis of the three analytes together. The cut-off values must be established to address the specificities and characteristics of each population.

ResumoA literatura vem discutindo acerca da percepção de emoções faciais evidentes em idosos com Doença de Alzheimer (DA). Alguns autores sugerem que os déficits apresentados são decorrentes de problemas visuoespaciais; outros sugerem que são por dificuldades no processamento das emoções; e há os que defendem que esse déficit perceptivo é secundário à evolução da demência. Esta pesquisa buscou investigar os aspectos neuropsicológicos da expressão emocional facial, por meio da aplicação da Escala de Inteligência Wechsler para Adultos-III (WAIS-III) e de um programa de computador desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Psicobiologia denominado Teste de Percepção de Expressões Faciais (TEPEF), que avalia a percepção de faces emocionais em idosos. Os resultados sugerem que o WAIS-III foi sensível para a diferenciação entre os grupos experimental e controle, mas apresentou pouca especificidade. O TEPEF apresentou consistência para avaliar as expressões faciais de alegria, tristeza, nojo, surpresa e raiva. Além disso, ele mostrou que a percepção de alegria em idosos com DA em fase moderada está relativamente preservada. Conclui-se, portanto, que os prejuízos relacionam-se às emoções negativas evidenciadas pela percepção das faces emocionais, demandando supervisão continuada para os idosos com essas alterações.

Resumo: Com o aumento da expectativa de vida, as demências vêm acometendo a população, sendo a doença de Alzheimer a mais comum. Essa se define por um desaparecimento gradativo de memória e de outras funções cognitivas, entre elas, a linguagem. A linguagem humana é importante para estabelecer as ligações interpessoais e promover a inclusão social do indivíduo. O presente artigo teve por objetivo realizar uma revisão sistemática a respeito de trabalhos científicos sobre a associação entre a Doença de Alzheimer e a Linguagem. Os artigos foram pesquisados em três bases de dados: Scielo, Lilacs e Bireme, sendo utilizados como principais descritores de busca bibliográfica: Doença de Alzheimer, Linguagem e Comunicação, no período de outubro a dezembro de 2013. A amostra final formou-se por 07 artigos, sendo incluídos aqueles que caracterizavam a linguagem na Doença Alzheimer em seus diferentes estágios. Através dos resultados desse estudo, foi possível verificar a existência de alterações da linguagem em todos os estágios da Doença e a importância da identificação precoce de tais alterações. Essa identificação pode proporcionar tempo ao paciente e seus familiares de programarem e organizarem seu futuro, buscando serviços de assistência ao paciente, bem como auxílio no processo de comunicação do indivíduo e na qualidade de vida. Esses achados apontam para a importância do conhecimento das principais alterações apresentadas pelos indivíduos com a doença de Alzheimer, sejam elas de linguagem, cognitivas ou de comportamento. É fundamental o desenvolvimento de estudos que contemplem a relação entre testes utilizados para identificarem as principais alterações de linguagem em indivíduos com Doença de Alzheimer.

Episodic memory enables the storage of personal events with specific temporal and spatial details, and their retrieval through a sensory experience, usually visual, which is called autonoetic consciousness. While, in Brazil, several scales for the evaluation of anterograde episodic memory have been validated, there is not yet an instrument to assess the episodic autobiographical memory. The aim of this study is thus to make a cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Episodic Autobiographic Memory Interview (EAMI) for Brazilian Portuguese. Altogether, 11 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and 10 healthy controls (CTs) were evaluated. EAMI scores for AD patients were lower than those of CTs, and these scores also correlated positively with the Remember-Know coefficient. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated a good inter-rater reliability. The Portuguese version of EAMI showed a good reliability and validity, which suggests that it is a useful tool for evaluation of autobiographical memory in Brazilian patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and has become a severe public health issue. It is estimated that globally, 35.6% of people have some form of dementia. This number is expected to double by 2030, and possibly even triple by 2050. The disease is associated with deficits in cognition/memory and a reduced ability in coping with everyday life. Moreover, patients can experience behavioral alterations such as mood swings, depression and hallucinations. Therefore, it is common to find the presence of neuropsychiatric comorbidities such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder during the course or development of AD. These disorders can become severe enough to interfere with the patients daily functioning, and can worsen the course of the disease. However, little is known about the causal relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and AD, or the reasons for the predisposition of some individuals to such disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to clarify the causal relationship between depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with AD.

Objective To investigate the relation between gait parameters and cognitive impairments in subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) during the performance of dual tasks. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 126 subjects divided into three groups: Parkinson group (n = 43), Alzheimer group (n = 38), and control group (n = 45). The subjects were evaluated using the Timed Up and Go test administered with motor and cognitive distracters. Gait analyses consisted of cadence and speed measurements, with cognitive functions being assessed by the Brief Cognitive Screening Battery and the Clock Drawing Test. Statistical procedures included mixed-design analyses of variance to observe the gait patterns between groups and tasks and the linear regression model to investigate the influence of cognitive functions in this process. A 5% significant level was adopted. Results Regarding the subjects’ speed, the data show a significant difference between group vs task interaction (p = 0.009), with worse performance of subjects with PD in motor dual task and of subjects with AD in cognitive dual task. With respect to cadence, no statistical differences was seen between group vs task interaction (p = 0.105), showing low interference of the clinical conditions on such parameter. The linear regression model showed that up to 45.79%, of the variance in gait can be explained by the interference of cognitive processes. Conclusion Dual task activities affect gait pattern in subjects with PD and AD. Differences between groups reflect peculiarities of each disease and show a direct interference of cognitive processes on complex tasks.

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de docentes dos cursos da área da saúde que integram um projeto universitário de apoio a familiares/cuidadores de idosos com a doença de Alzheimer acerca da (re)organização familiar à luz da complexidade. Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, realizada com docentes que participavam do grupo de apoio desenvolvido em uma instituição universitária da região central do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre julho e agosto de 2013, por meio da técnica de Grupo Focal, e submetidos à Análise Focal Estratégica. Resultados: Identificaram-se três categorias: Alzheimer: Processo singular e multidimensional; Fatores que fragilizam a (re)organização familiar; Estratégias que potencializam a (re)organização familiar. Conclusão: Os docentes reconhecem que a (re)organização familiar é um processo complexo, gradual e singular, compreendido à medida em que surgem as alterações geradas pela doença.

Alzheimer´s disease (AD) is a clinical syndrome caused by neurodegeneration and characterized by a progressive deterioration in cognitive ability and capacity for independent living. Cognitive reserve (CR) describes the capacity of the adult brain to cope with the effects of the neurodegenerative process and to minimize the clinical manifestation of pathology of dementia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of CR and the severity of AD. Method This study was cross-sectional. Functional and neuropsychological abilities of 75 outpatients with probable AD diagnosis were evaluated. Patients completed two questionnaires, “Participation in leisure activities throughout life” and CR Questionnaire.Result The relationship between Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and the level of CR was statistically significant (likelihood ratio (LR), p = 0.015).Conclusion The level of CR influenced the severity of dementia. This study suggests that AD patients with higher CR may benefit against cognitive decline after diagnosis of AD.

Facial recognition is one of the most important aspects of social cognition. In this study, we investigate the patterns of change and the factors involved in the ability to recognize emotion in mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Through a longitudinal design, we assessed 30 people with AD. We used an experimental task that includes matching expressions with picture stimuli, labelling emotions and emotionally recognizing a stimulus situation. We observed a significant difference in the situational recognition task (p ≤ 0.05) between baseline and the second evaluation. The linear regression showed that cognition is a predictor of emotion recognition impairment (p ≤ 0.05). The ability to perceive emotions from facial expressions was impaired, particularly when the emotions presented were relatively subtle. Cognition is recruited to comprehend emotional situations in cases of mild dementia.

The perception of family caregivers of people with Alzheimer's disease on the family support for the received care, under the light of the phenomenology of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, it was revealed by responses to semi-structured interviews and by depositions in the focus group meetings with ten of them, members of a Mutual Help Group, carried out from September 2009 to June 2010. The study suggests a new understanding of family support to the care, which opens the possibility of transcendence from the caregiver into another self.

Objective To investigate the relationships between quality of life (QOL) and clinical and electroencephalogram (EEG) aspects in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Method Twenty-eight patients with mild or moderate AD, 31 with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and 27 normal controls (NC) were submitted to: CERAD neuropsychological battery, Hamilton Depression and Anxiety Rating Scales, Functional Activities Questionnaire, QOL scale for patients with AD, and quantitative EEG measures. Results AD and PD patients had similar QOL (31.0 ± 5.8; 31.7 ± 4.8, respectively), worse than that of NC (37.5 ± 6.3). AD patients had lower global interhemispheric theta coherence (0.49 ± 0.04; 0.52 ± 0.05; 0.52 ± 0.05; respectively) than PD and NC. Multiple linear regression for QOL of AD patients revealed that global interhemispheric theta coherence, and Hamilton depression scores were significant factors (coefficients; 58.2 and -0.27, respectively; R2, 0.377). Conclusion Interhemispheric coherence correlates with QOL regardless of cognitive and functional variables and seems to be a neurophysiological indicator of QOL in AD patients.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a fast growing neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system and anti-oxidants can be used to help suppress the oxidative stress caused by the free radicals that are responsible for AD. A series of selected synthetic indole derivatives were biologically evaluated to identify potent new antioxidants. Most of the evaluated compounds showed significant to modest antioxidant properties (IC50 value 399.07 140.0±50 µM). Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies were carried out on the compounds and their corresponding free radicals. Differences in the energy of the parent compounds and their corresponding free radicals provided a good justification for the trend found in their IC50 values. In silico, docking of compounds into the proteins acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), which are well known for contributing in AD disease, was also performed to predict anti-AD potential.

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de conhecer concepções de médicos neurologistas acerca da prática doscuidados paliativos direcionada para o doente de Alzheimer. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de abordagem qualitativa,desenvolvido em clínicas e hospitais localizados em uma capital do Nordeste brasileiro com 10 médicos neurologistas, quetrabalham com portadores de Doença de Alzheimer. A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de abril e maio de 2012.Para a apreensão do material empírico, utilizou-se um formulário, em entrevistas. O material foi tratado por meio da técnicade análise de conteúdo temática categorial. Da análise qualitativa emergiram três categorias: finalidades dos cuidados paliativos;tipos de cuidados paliativos; e formas de enfrentamento. Os depoimentos dos médicos participantes da investigaçãodeixaram transparecer de modo enfático a relevância dos cuidados paliativos para o doente de Alzheimer e sua família. Anteo exposto, pretende-se que esta pesquisa possa subsidiar novos estudos na referida área. ABSTRACT This study aimed to discover neurologists views on the practice of palliative care for Alzheimer’s patients. Thisqualitative, exploratory study was conducted at clinics and hospitals located in a state capital in northeast Brazil. Empiricaldata was collected using a form, in the period of April and May 2012, in interviews of 10 neurologists who treat patients withAlzheimer’s disease. The material was treated by Theme/Category-Based Content Analysis. The qualitative analysis revealedthree categories: goals of palliative care; palliative care; and ways of coping. The declarations of the participating physiciansrevealed emphatically the importance of palliative care to Alzheimer’s patients and their families. In that light, it is intendedthat this research will support further research in this area. RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender los conceptos de los neurólogos sobre la práctica de los cuidadospaliativos dirigidos a los pacientes de Alzheimer. Este es un estudio exploratorio de abordaje cualitativo, desarrollado en clínicasy hospitales ubicados en una capital del Nordeste de Brasil con 10 neurólogos que trabajan con personas con enfermedad deAlzheimer. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo entre abril y mayo de 2012. Para la captura de datos empíricos, se utilizóun formulário, en entrevistas. El material fue tratado mediante la técnica de análisis de contenido temático. El análisis cualitativoreveló tres categorías: los objetivos de los cuidados paliativos; tipos de cuidados paliativos; y modos de afrontamiento.Los testimonios de los médicos que participaron de la investigación revelaron enfáticamente la importancia de los cuidadospaliativos para pacientes de Alzheimer y su familia. Con base en el anterior, se pretende que esta investigación pueda seguirapoyando nuevos estudios en esa área. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/reuerj.2014.15549

Initially the trajectory of the historical forerunners and conceptions of senile dementia are briefly presented, being highlighted the name of Alois Alzheimer who provided clinical and neuropathological indicators to differentiate a group of patients with Senile dementia. Alzheimer's examination of Auguste D’s case, studied by him with Bielschowsky’s silver impregnation technique, permitted to identify a pathological marker, the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, characterizing a new disease later named after him by Kraepelin – Alzheimer’s disease. Over the time this disorder became one of the most important degenerative dementing disease, reaching nowadays a status that may be considered as epidemic.

Objective: To deepen, through the experiences of family caregivers, what were the perceptions that caregivers had regarding the process of adaptation of Alzheimer's disease and the impact it had on their lives. Methodology: Two focus groups of caregivers of patients with Alzheimer-type dementia were formed, representative of the study population. Results: From the analysis of the discourses five dimensions or units of meaning emerged with fourteen subdimensions. These five dimensions are: knowledge about the illness, the caregiver's suffering, emotions, coping skills and the consequences in the life of the caregiver. Conclusion: We can determine that the adaptation to the role of caregiver of a person with Alzheimer's is conditioned by the mistaken beliefs or dysfunctional thoughts that arise in the caregiver, the emotions derived from the moral responsibility to assume the role of caregiver from the perspective of gender and, finally, the consequences of care during this period, the repercussions on their personal, family and work life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The technology applied to the population in general and mainly to aging, has been modifying paradigms and playing a relevant role regarding the aid of daily brain activities, elder performance, therapy, rehabilitation, among others. The same goes from a mobile device, through software, entertainment games like Wii, Knect video game, animations, even more advanced computer programs. The data are alarming if we consider that currently 46 million elderly people live in the United States (15% of the world population) and in 2030 will be 74 million (equivalent to 21% of the world population). Japan is the only country with 55% of the elderly population and in 2050, another 60 countries will present this same projection, including Brazil. Therefore, any initiative to provide an improved quality of life for the elderly will be of great value to future generations, but we know that technology does not represent a resolution for all obstacles related to increased longevity. Our FAMEMA group has been using the latest technology in gene expression area to better characterize the genetics of Alzheimer's disease (AD) studying several genes involved in these patients and controls brain samples in collaboration with a brain bank of Canada (Douglas Hospital). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The etiology of Alzheimer's disease is unknown and may be influenced by some factors, such as gender, family history, advanced age, educational level, cerebrovascular disease, brain trauma due to falls, tumors and occupation. The disease has three phases: initial, moderate and advanced. The aim of the present article was to show the repercussions in the oral scope, which occur as a result of Alzheimer's disease and its evolution. A bibliographic survey of studies on oral health in individuals with Alzheimer's disease was carried out. In the literature, it has been shown that oral hygiene in these patients is precarious, since they lose the ability to develop self-care, as the disease progresses. In this context, the role played by family members and caregivers is extremely important. In addition, among the resources available for multidisciplinary treatment in patients with Alzheimer's disease, dental treatment has a prominent role, mainly due to possible episodes of painful symptoms of dental origin, which may occur and may go unnoticed, making the treatment rather difficult. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional is the property of Cadernos de Terapia Ocupacional da UFSCar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Caregivers of people with Alzheimer disease (PwAD) report significant stress, burden and depression compared to caregivers of people with other dementias, especially when neuropsychiatric symptoms are prominent. Adequate coping strategies can modify the impact of stressful situations and increase the caregivers' quality of life. Objective: To systematically review the different coping strategies used by caregivers of PwAD to manage neuropsychiatric symptoms. Method: We carried out electronic searches using MEDLINE (PubMed), SciELO, Web of Knowledge Cross Search (Thomson Scientific/ISI Web Services) and PsycINFO databases to select studies on coping in PwAD caregivers published from January 2005 to July 2017. The search terms were coping, caregivers, strategy, onset, adaptation, family, behavior, dementia and Alzheimer. The studies were organized in three categories: problem-focused, emotion-focused and dysfunctional coping strategies. Results: We found 2,277 articles. After application of exclusion criteria and exclusion of redundant references, 24 articles were analyzed. Emotion-focused coping was the most commonly used strategy among PwAD caregivers. The use of this strategy associated with religion and spirituality may help reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety. Problem-focused coping strategies were mostly used with active coping interventions. Problem-solving coping may have buffered the impact of acute psychological stressors on procoagulant activity. Dysfunctional coping strategies were associated with increase of caregiver burden. Conclusion: The evaluated studies showed that the use and development of coping strategies may have ameliorated the depressive symptoms, anxiety and burden of caregivers. However, longitudinal studies are still needed that clearly describe the type of coping strategy used in relation to the presented results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientia Medica is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Nursing UFPE / Revista de Enfermagem UFPE is the property of Revista de Enfermagem UFPE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Current study comprised the application of MNA as a nutrition selection test in elderly people to identify challenges and applicability in the patients' nutrition routine. A cohort perspective was undertaken, between January 2014 and June 2017, with 300 elderly people, aged 60 - 95 years, submitted to specific geriatric evaluations. Malnutrition frequency and malnutrition risks in groups with dementia was determined and compared to others without dementia or with slight cognitive disorder. Normal nutritional status was predominant in elderly people without signs of dementia (58.4%), whilst the prevalence among elderly people with dementia ranged between 18.2% and 33.3%. Elderly people with Parkinson's disease were related to malnutrition (33.3%) rather than elderly with other types of dementia. Patients with Alzheimer's disease had the highest malnutrition risk (63.6%). There is a positive relationship between the development of malnutrition and dementia, mainly associated with Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria is the property of Thieme Medical Publishing Inc. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction and objective: Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus (DM3) is a term recently proposed to refer to the relationship between obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cognitive disorders. The study presents evidences about the DM3 and shows the role of physical exercise as a non-pharmacological treatment for DM3. Materials and Methods: It was performed a review of papers published between 2000 and 2016 from MEDLINE and LILACS databases. All stages of the review process have been conducted in two independent researchers. Results and discussion: It was observed the relationship between neurological and cognitive disorders with cardiometabolic alterations, insulin resistance and obesity related inflammatory process. Physical exercise (PE) showed beneficial effects on several risk factors for DM3. The term DM3 emphasizes the influence of conditions such as obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus on the Alzheimer's disease development. Conclusion: The PE has shown to be an important prevention/treatment strategy. Further studies are needed in PE modalities to consolidate the knowledge in the development of guidelines for PE prescription in the context of DM3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]