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Thermodynamics of free and immobilized subtilopeptidase was studied over the temperature range from 30 degrees to 80 degrees C and from 30 degrees to 90 degrees C, respectively. The apparent optimum temperature of free enzyme was 50 degrees C and of the immobilized enzyme 60 degrees C. The heat of the reaction (delta E), accompanied by the process, was calculated from the slope of the Arrhenius equation to be 56 770 cal/mole for free enzyme and 36 640 cal/mole for immobilized enzyme. The standard free energy change (delta G) and the standard entropy change (delta S) were found to be + 241 cal/mole and + 186.6 cal/mole/degree at 30 degrees C for free enzyme and + 142 cal/mole and 120.5 cal/mole/degree at 30 degrees C for immobilized enzyme. The values of these thermodynamic quantities at other temperatures were also summarized. Studying the reaction order of heat inactivation showed that free and immobilized enzyme followed a first order reaction. The energy of inactivation was found to be 18 900 cal/mole and 24 400 cal/mole for free and immobilized enzyme, respectively.

Background Paravertebral block (PVB) is an effective analgesic technique for post-thoracotomy pain, whereas there is no clear proof on how it can be more effective. We aimed to assess if the pleural integrity has a significant effect on thoracic PVB analgesia. Methods Data of patients who underwent thoracotomy and paravertebral catheterization in Menoufia University Hospitals, between November 2010 and December 2014 were retrospectively collected. Patients were classified into two groups; group A, where the parietal pleura was disrupted, and group B, where there was no pleural tear. Pain scores and pulmonary functions were compared between both groups. Also the frequency of PVB analgesia and the need for supplementary drugs taken as well as the use of rescue pain medications were assessed in both groups. Results 132 patients were analyzed; group A (n = 68) patients with pleural disruption and group B (n = 64) patients with intact pleural. There was no statistical significant difference regarding age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score (ASA), diagnosis, and operative details. Pain scores were significantly lower in group B, where no pleural tear. Pulmonary functions significantly improved among intact pleura group. Significant increases in the frequency of PVB analgesia, supplementary drugs taken in postoperative period and in the use of rescue drugs were observed in patients with pleural disruption. Complications were higher in pleural disruption group. Conclusion Preservation of integrity of the parietal pleura is essential for the quality thoracic PVB.

The study aimed to measure the psychiatric symptoms among physical handicapped persons who are victims of the last war on Gaza. In this study, the researcher used the analytical descriptive approach. The sample of the study was purposive sample consisted of (125) of handicapped persons of males and females, while the age group was between age (18-50) in all Gaza governorate. The researcher designed a measuring tool (questionnaire) to measure the psychiatric symptoms of handicapped persons; the questionnaire included SCL-90 scale and a part that measures the demographic variables. The measure was applied on a pilot sample of 50 persons of handicapped persons in all Gaza governorates on (2011-2012). The reliability and validity calculations of the measure were obtained by statistician and the data were analyzed by (SPSS) using the appropriate statistical methods ending up with the findings. The results showed that the most common dimension was the Anxiety with percentage weight equals 68.5%, and this implies how high degrees of Anxiety the sample have, then comes the dimension of Paranoid ideation with percentage weight equals 47.9%. Then the Interpersonal Sensitivity with percentage weight equals 44.7%. The least common dimension was the Phobic Anxiety with percentage weight equals 30.7%. Also the results showed that there were no significant differences at (α≤0.05) in Psychiatric symptoms due to gender, age, qualification, monthly incomes and marital status. There were statistically significant differences in degrees of interpersonal sensitivity in terms of marital status toward those handicapped that are divorced; means they have the least degrees of interpersonal sensitivity than other marital statuses. Moreover, the result showed there were significant differences between the degrees of Obsessive Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity and Hostility in terms the area of living toward who live in Gaza that have the highest digress of Obsessive Compulsive and Hostility, but the differences in Interpersonal Sensitivity were toward the handicapped that lived in Rafah. There were significant differences between the degrees of Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anxiety and Paranoid Ideation, in terms of the working status toward the not working persons who have the highest degrees of Somatization, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Anxiety and Paranoid Ideation. Significant differences in Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, psychotics, due to the type of handicap toward those persons that have other types of handicaps; this means that they have the most degrees of Interpersonal Sensitivity, Phobic Anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, and Psychosis than these that who are finger amputated, leg amputated. Some of the recommendation that the researcher concluded is the developing rehabilitation programs for disability and amputation and keep up what is new, and providing guidance programs generally for disabled cases and especially for amputation to reduce psychological problems.