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It has been argued that supergravity models of inflation with vanishing sound speeds, $c_s$, lead to an unbounded growth in the production rate of gravitinos. We consider several models of inflation to delineate the conditions for which $c_s = 0$. In models with unconstrained superfields, we argue that the mixing of the goldstino and inflatino in a time-varying background prevents the uncontrolled production of the longitudinal modes. This conclusion is unchanged if there is a nilpotent field associated with supersymmetry breaking with constraint ${\bf S^2} =0$, i.e. sgoldstino-less models. Models with a second orthogonal constraint, ${\bf S(\Phi-\bar{\Phi})} =0$, where $\bf{\Phi}$ is the inflaton superfield, which eliminates the inflatino, may suffer from the over-production of gravitinos. However, we point out that these models may be problematic if this constraint originates from a UV Lagrangian, as this may require using higher derivative operators. These models may also exhibit other pathologies such as $c_s > 1$, which are absent in theories with the single constraint or unconstrained fields., Comment: 12 pages

We consider a 5D extension of the DFSZ axion model that addresses both the axion quality and fermion mass hierarchy problems, and predicts flavour-dependent, off-diagonal axion-fermion couplings. The axion is part of a 5D complex scalar field charged under a U(1)$_{PQ}$ symmetry that is spontaneously broken in the bulk, and is insensitive to explicit PQ breaking on the UV boundary. Bulk Standard Model fermions interact with two Higgs doublets that can be localized on the UV boundary or propagate in the bulk to explain the fermion masses and mixings. When the Higgs doublets are localized on the UV boundary, they induce flavour diagonal couplings between the fermions and the axion. However, when the Higgs doublets propagate in the bulk, the overlap of the axion and fermion profiles generates flavour off-diagonal couplings. The effective scale of these off-diagonal couplings in both the quark and lepton sectors can be as small as $10^{11}$ GeV, and therefore will be probed in future precision flavour experiments.

Journal of high energy physics 04(4), 084 (2021). doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2021)084, We consider a 5D extension of the DFSZ axion model that addresses both the axion quality and fermion mass hierarchy problems, and predicts flavour-dependent, off-diagonal axion-fermion couplings. The axion is part of a 5D complex scalar field charged under a U(1)$_{PQ}$ symmetry that is spontaneously broken in the bulk, and is insensitive to explicit PQ breaking on the UV boundary. Bulk Standard Model fermions interact with two Higgs doublets that can be localized on the UV boundary or propagate in the bulk to explain the fermion masses and mixings. When the Higgs doublets are localized on the UV boundary, they induce flavour diagonal couplings between the fermions and the axion. However, when the Higgs doublets propagate in the bulk, the overlap of the axion and fermion profiles generates flavour off-diagonal couplings. The effective scale of these off-diagonal couplings in both the quark and lepton sectors can be as small as 10$^{11}$ GeV, and therefore will be probed in future precision flavour experiments., Published by SISSA, [Trieste]

We consider a 5D extension of the DFSZ axion model that addresses both the axion quality and fermion mass hierarchy problems, and predicts flavour-dependent, off-diagonal axion-fermion couplings. The axion is part of a 5D complex scalar field charged under a U(1)$_{PQ}$ symmetry that is spontaneously broken in the bulk, and is insensitive to explicit PQ breaking on the UV boundary. Bulk Standard Model fermions interact with two Higgs doublets that can be localized on the UV boundary or propagate in the bulk to explain the fermion masses and mixings. When the Higgs doublets are localized on the UV boundary, they induce flavour diagonal couplings between the fermions and the axion. However, when the Higgs doublets propagate in the bulk, the overlap of the axion and fermion profiles generates flavour off-diagonal couplings. The effective scale of these off-diagonal couplings in both the quark and lepton sectors can be as small as $10^{11}$ GeV, and therefore will be probed in future precision flavour experiments., Comment: 40 pages, 13 figures

Proceedings of Corfu Summer Institute 2019 'School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity' — PoS(CORFU2019) - Sissa Medialab Trieste, Italy, 2020. - ISBN - doi:10.22323/1.376.0117 19th Hellenic School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity, CORFU2019, Corfu, Greece, 31 Aug 2019 - 25 Sep 2019; Sissa Medialab Trieste, Italy, 1789068 21 pp. (2020). doi:10.22323/1.376.0117, We study the weak gravity conjecture in non-supersymmetric string theory setups. Precisely, those are type I string theory with supersymmetry broken à la Scherk-Schwarz and open strings on D branes wrapped around magnetized tori in type II string theory. We compute long-range interactions between identical branes at one-loop and compare them to the weak gravity conjecture for higher-degree forms. In our examples, SUSY breaking generates interactions between branes, which are not anymore BPS, in such a way that the weak gravity conjecture is verified. In type I with the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism, the tension of the branes is reduced by one-loop quantum effects, so that there are long-range repulsive forces. The correlation of the non-vanishing brane potential with the presence of a running modulus and of possible D branes bound states nicely connects to other swampland conjectures. For magnetized branes in type II strings, we check that non-BPS branes experience a long-range repulsion whenever the open string spectrum is tachyon-free. Ultimately, the role of stringy objects in the discussion makes it compelling to further understand swampland conjectures in strings with broken SUSY, let alone their phenomenological relevance., Published by Sissa Medialab Trieste, Italy

A formula is derived for the central nucleon-nucleon potential, based on an analysis of the physical origin of the nucleon-nucleon attraction by pion exchange. The decrease of the dynamical mass of the interaction field, exchanged pion in this case, is the principal mechanism responsible for the nuclear attraction in a similar way the decrease of the kinetic energy of the exchange electron in the diatomic molecule is directly responsible for the covalent molecular attraction. The minimum value of this central nucleon-nucleon potential and the position of the minimum are similar with the values reported in literature for a potential calculated by lattice QCD, which shares the features of the phenomenological nucleon-nucleon potentials. The Schrodinger equation with this potential was solved numerically for different values of the pion mass. It results that the nucleon-nucleon binding energy increases with the decrease of the pion mass. A very small binding energy (0.05 MeV) was obtained for the real pion mass. We discuss on the two pion exchange and hard core repulsion. The minimum value of the potential for two pion exchange is comparable with the minimum value of the CD Bonn potential.

In this thesis, we study some of the consequences of supersymmetry breaking and its mediation at low energy. First we focused on models in which supersymmetry is mediated through messengers. We succeed in building a model that was both stable and had a non-hierarchical spectrum. We also studied the coupling between messengers and grand unification fields, finding atypical spectra with light neutralino or gluino. Supersymmetry was also a way to address the hierarchy problem in the standard model, and we compared two types of models, one using horizontal gauge symmetries and the other using wave functions in extra-dimensionnal models. Finally, we worked on constrained superfields in order to develop a formalism for non-linear supersymmetry., Dans cette thèse, nous étudions certaines des conséquences liées à la brisure de supersymétrie et à sa transmission à basse énergie. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les modèles où la brisure de supersymétrie est transmise par l'intermédiaire de messagers. Nous avons réussi à construire un modèle à la fois stable et présentant un spectre non-hiérarchique de particules supersymétriques. Nous avons aussi étudié le couplage des messagers au secteur de grande unification, aboutissant à des spectres atypiques dans le cas de la médiation de jauge, comme celui possédant un neutralino ou un gluino plus léger que le reste du spectre (respectivement LSP et NLSP). Nous avons également comparé deux modèles autour du problème de hiérarchie dans le Modèle Standard, l'un utilisant des symétries de jauge horizontales et l'autre des fonctions d'onde hiérarchiques avec dimension supplémentaire. Enfin, nous avons réfléchi à la facon d'utiliser des superchamps contraints pour travailler sur des modèles où la supersymétrie est réalisée de manière non linéaire

Journal of high energy physics 03(3), 070 (2021). doi:10.1007/JHEP03(2021)070, Intersecting D-brane models and their T-dual magnetic compactifications provide an attractive framework for particle physics, allowing for chiral fermions and supersymmetry breaking. Generically, magnetic compactifications have tachyons that are usually removed by Wilson lines. However, quantum corrections prevent local minima for Wilson lines. We therefore study tachyon condensation in the simplest case, the magnetic compactification of type I string theory on a torus to eight dimensions. We find that tachyon condensation restores supersymmetry, which is broken by the magnetic flux, and we compute the mass spectrum of vector- and hypermultiplets. The gauge group $\text{SO}(32)$ is broken to $\text{USp}(16)$. We give arguments that the vacuum reached by tachyon condensation corresponds to the unique 8d superstring theory already known in the literature, with discrete $B_{ab}$ background or, in the T-dual version, the type IIB orientifold with three $\text{O}7_-$-planes, one $\text{O}7_+$-plane and eight D7-branes coincident with the $\text{O}7_+$-plane. The ground state after tachyon condensation is supersymmetric and has no chiral fermions., Published by SISSA, [Trieste]