Search

Sharp atomic interfaces between materials dictate the interface’s electronic properties. The authors use angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with a spatial resolution of ~500 nm to investigate the nanoscale electronic band structure and band alignment in a lateral heterostructure composed of WS2 placed on alternating nano-stripes of monolayer and bilayer graphene.

The article provides a case of primary diagnosis of IgG4-related disease in a patient with Burkitt lymphoma.

The article highlights the current problems of financial support for investment projects for the development of the Arctic. There is one of the most important factors in the implementation of such projects significant for the national economy should be a focus on the systematic development of the Arctic territories and the optimal development of its scientific and industrial potential. The full-scale implementation of such projects will provide a cargo flow increase across the Northern Sea route, that will affect positively on strategic positions of the russian economy, have being possessed one more perspective transit transport corridor. A research purpose is comprehensive study of the existing and perspective investment projects of the Arctic region development, to working-out on recommendations about the priority projects selection and assessment of their efficiency. The analysis of various federal programs and initiatives of the executive power of the Arctic shows the efficiency evaluation of investment projects of the region development and their selection should be based on indicators as commercial and budgetary, as well as the socio-economic efficiency of each project. Evaluation of each type of efficiency involves the use of a number of indicators from which the authors single out the most significant. Besides, the selection of the development investment projects of the Arctic region should consider the following criteria: coordination of project parameters, their consistency with the priorities of the Arctic state policy; specification of deadlines, amounts of funding, resources support and the presence of targeting in each project; definition of the target results of the project providing for the special (basic) zones formation in the Arctic development. Such approach provides a comprehensive assessment of each project from the point of feasibility view of implementing and obtaining the required results, which is going to be expressed in the sustainable scientific, industrial, economic and technological development of the russian Arctic. It is revealed that the assessment of the effectiveness of projects for the development of the Arctic region should be based on a set of indicators of commercial, socio-economic and budgetary efficiency. regulatory base assessment: methodological documents approved by the federal executive authorities, taking into account the peculiarities of the implementation of infrastructure projects based on various forms of public-private partnership. The stated above application assessment criteria for each individual Arctic project will allow optimal allocation of budget funding in the context of a shortage of public finances.

Intensive development of microfinance organizations in Russia has a double meaning. On the one hand, they are claimed by the population; on the other hand, the state control over their activities is difficult. The study reveals the nature, problems and prospects of development of microfinance organizations in Russia. The aim of the authors is to determine the nature of the controversial development of the financial market segment and suggest mechanisms that can resolve these contradictions. The study used a systematic approach and statistical methods. The authors analyzed analytical and statistical information of the Bank of Russia. The lack of adequate mechanisms for the state regulation and control over the activities of microfinance organizations the state is due to the gaps in the legislative framework. This was the reason for the increase in the share of overdue debts, the high debt load of the population, the intensification of collectors, the increase in lawsuits. The actions are proposed for increasing transparency of microfinance transactions without increasing the administrative burden on regulatory authorities. Among them are: attracting private investorslenders to microfinance activities with the development of Internet infrastructure, creating a special online platform to register microloan transactions between individuals and / or legal entities in real time with recording them in the Bank of Russia and in tax services. It is also necessary to amend the legislation on microfinance activity. This sequence of actions will lead to a reduction in the informal sector in the microfinance segment and in the financial market of the Russian Federation as a whole. The proposals made in the article can be used to develop the anti-crisis program of the Government of the Russian Federation in this area.

In the conditions of continuing foreign policy instability, the problem of ensuring economic security at the national and régional levels is steadily increasing. The existing methodologies for assessing the security status of regional economies are static. Furthermore, they include a scattered list of indicators that are difficult to consistently interpret when conducting an analysis. Therefore, the authors proposed an indicative dynamic method for assessing changes in the security situation of the regional economy. As the initial data we have used indicators of the development of the Sverdlovsk region for the period from 2010 to 2017 inclusive. We have achieved the following results. Firstly, we have suggested the set of the indicators, which result in changes in the level of economic security of the region. Moreover, we have structured the main factors that have a formative and destructive impact on the economy of the region. Secondly, the conducted analysis has shown that the economic development of the Sverdlovsk region can be divided into two main phases: upward (2014) and downward (from 2014 to the present). This is a consequence of the instability of the regional economy to external shocks due to weak diversification as well as low entrepreneurial activity. Thirdly, the growing threats to the economy of the Sverdlovsk region lead to a decrease in the welfare of the population. In 2015, the level of wages in Moscow was 2 times higher than in the Sverdlovsk region, however, by the end of 2017, the level of wages in Moscow was already 2,2 times higher than in the Sverdlovsk region. At the same time, in Moscow, St. Petersburg and Tyumen, the growth rate of income of the population was about 10-11 % for 2017, while, in the Sverdlovsk region the income growth for the same period was only 5 %. The obtained results can contribute to the development of the Sverdlovsk region strategic programs aimed at ensuring the sustainable socio-economic development of the region. The findings concerning the level of economic security in the Sverdlovsk region are not final. This means the need for further development of economic and mathematical models that will logically complement the methods proposed in this article for assessing the economic security of Russian regions.

This research was conducted to analyze the condition and governance value chain of kangkong in Ewindo, especially in seed production so that the area of constraints can be identified and raises opportunities for upgrading. The objectives of this study include: 1) conducting value chain mapping, 2) analyzing water spinach seed production business, 3) knowing value chain governance, and 4) developing improvement strategies. This is descriptive research by using value chain analysis, value chain governance analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and upgrading strategy. The results show that the value chain governance between Ewindo and farmers is captive, where Ewindo as the lead company is required to have ethical leadership to ensure that farmers receive fair and equal treatment. By the highest benefit-cost ratio 1.63, generally, the contract farming is profitable, except in the new region (Tuban) that the farmers still need to improve their cultivation competencies. Some constraints in the value chain such as transportation facilities, product quality and weather, resulted both economic and social upgrading opportunities, i.e.: product quality improvement through product quality training; the provision of large-capacity and routine transportation; scheduled field schools for new farmers; and increasing strong social relationship with the farmers through family gatherings, achievement awards and initiation of climate index-based insurance.

Specifics of the logistics approach in managing an iron and steel enterprise is reviewed. Attention is focused on the logistics management issues; the areas of their solution are defined. The article proposes an economic mechanism for managing the logistics activities of iron and steel enterprises, including a set of consistent, mutually agreed management activities and measures that encompasses the cycle of assessing, analyzing and optimizing logistics activities and aims at achieving the performance goals. The mechanism is based on a system of methods, models and techniques and provides for the adjustment and control of deviations, thereby ensuring timely response to the deteriorating parameters of managing the logistics activities of an iron and steel enterprise.

Twisted van der Waals heterostructures have recently been proposed as a condensed-matter platform for realizing controllable quantum models due to the low-energy moiré bands with specific charge distributions moiré superlattices. Here, combining angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with submicron spatial resolution (μ-ARPES) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we performed a systematic investigation on the electronic structure of 5.1° twisted bilayer WSe_{2} that hosts correlated insulating and zero-resistance states. Interestingly, contrary to one’s expectation, moiré bands were observed only at Γ valley but not K valley in μ-ARPES measurements, and correspondingly, our STM measurements clearly identified the real-space honeycomb- and kagome-shaped charge distributions at the moiré length scale associated with the Γ-valley moiré bands. These results not only reveal the unusual valley-dependent moiré-modified electronic structure in twisted transition metal dichalcogenides, but also highlight the Γ-valley moiré bands as a promising platform for exploring strongly correlated physics in emergent honeycomb and kagome lattices at different energy scales.

Currently, the standard assay employed to diagnose human orthopneumovirus infection is real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay (rRT-PCR), a costly and time-consuming procedure that requires the manipulation of infectious viruses. In addition to RT-PCR, serological tests can complement the molecular diagnostic methods and have proven to be important tools in sero-surveillance. In this study, we report the development, optimization, and validation of a novel and rapid in-house diagnostic ELISA kit to detect human orthopneumovirus in clinical samples. We developed three sensitive ELISA formats through the immunization of rats with novel recombinant pPOE-F or pPOE-TF vectors. The two vectors expressed either the full-length (pPOE-F) or the truncated form (pPOE-TF) of the fusion (F) protein. The developed ELISA kits were optimized for coating buffer, capture antibody, blocking buffer, sample antigen, detection antibodies, and peroxidase-conjugated antibody, and validated using 75 rRT-PCR-confirmed nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) human orthopneumovirus samples and 25 negative samples collected from hospitalized children during different epidemic seasons between 2014 and 2017. Our results indicate that rats immunized with pPOE-F or pPOE-TF showed significant induction of high levels of MPAs. Validation of the ELISA method was compared to the rRT-PCR and the sensitivity hierarchy of these developed ELISA assays was considered from highest to lowest: indirect competitive inhibition ELISA (93.3%) > indirect antigen-capture ELISA (90.6%) > direct antigen-capture ELISA (86.6%). The development of the rapid in-house diagnostic ELISA kits described in this study demonstrates that a specific, rapid and sensitive test for human orthopneumovirus antigens could be successfully applied to samples collected from hospitalized children during different epidemics and can help in the efficient diagnosis of respiratory syncytial viral infections.

The objectives of the article are to study the current approaches to small businesses taxation in agro-industrial sector, to substantiate the directions for improvement of this process and to determine the impact of special tax regimes on business activity in this sector. The economic-statistical and economic-mathematical methods have been used to analyze the results of functioning and development of small agricultural enterprises with regard to the existing forms and tools of fiscal stimulation. Also, the methods of content empirical analysis of international sources on this topic have been used. The authors have concluded that the existing special tax regimes for small agricultural businesses are not effective enough. In this regard, the level of entrepreneurial activity in the agro-industrial sector remains relatively low. This means that small agricultural businesses are currently unable to contribute in full to the goals of import substitution and adequate food security. Possible solutions have been outlined: selective, regarding improving taxation, and system, regarding optimising the institutional environment. Their implementation will not only increase the efficiency of fiscal incentives for small agricultural businesses, but also ensure the growth of entrepreneurial activity in this industry.

The article is devoted to the incidence and severity of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), the odds ratio (OR) of PTS development in patients with previous proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) against the background of prolonged antithrombotic warfarin and sulodexide (SD) therapy (ATT) with due account for safety and development of clinically significant bleeding (CSB) during the year. A total of 130 patients aged 18 to 69 years with acute proximal DVT were enrolled in the comparative prospective study. Group I included 64 patients (31 men and 33 women), who received vitamin K antagonists (warfarin) therapy. Group II included 66 patients (37 men and 29 women), who received sulodexide in 3 months after completing a course of standard ACT (heparins in the acute period with the transition to AVK). The studied parameters included OR, incidence and severity of PTS in patients according to the Villalta scale, and the incidence rate of PTS against the background of prolonged warfarin and sulodexide ATT in 12 months’ time. It was established that the prolonged sulodexide ATT within one year after completing a course of standard ACT in patients with proximal DVT reduced the development of clinical signs of PTS by 22.2% compared to the standard warfarin therapy. At the same time, there is a lower incidence of severe forms of PTS in patients, who underwent proximal venous thrombosis, 17.8% against the background of sulodexide treatment. Thus, the prolonged sulodexide ATT is associated with a 1.7-fold decrease in the risk of the development of both PTS and its severe forms. Therefore, the prolonged use of sulodexide for one year in patients, who underwent proximal DVT, provides an alternative to warfarin and is associated with a lower incidence of PTS, including its severe forms. The prolonged sulodexide ATT is safe and does not cause the development of clinically significant hemorrhagic complications during the year.

The study objective is to demonstrate the difficulty of differential diagnosis in pulmonary-renal syndrome using a clinical case as an example.Materials and methods. Male patient A., 68 years old, retired, was hospitalized at the N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital № 1 in December of 2017 with complaints of inefficient cough, fever of 39 °С, weakness, apnea, weight loss up 10 kg in 3 months. Examination revealed skin and mucosa paleness, calf edema, heart beat of 102 bpm, normal rhythm, arterial pressure 130/80 mm Hg, respiratory rate 22 breaths per min. Auscultation revealed harsh respiration in the lungs, weakened in the lower parts, fine moist rales. Anemia (hemoglobin – 53 g/l, erythrocytes – 1.85 × 1012/l, serum iron – 3.1 µmol/l), elevated urea up to 41.4 mmol/l, creatinine up to 843.1 µmol/l (glomerular filtration rate – 6 ml/min/1.73 m2), leukocytes up to 12.5 × 109/l, С-reactive protein up to 124.96 mg/l were diagnosed. Clinical urine analysis showed proteinuria 0.47 g/l. Computed tomography of the chest revealed pronounced infiltrative changes in tissues of both lungs, more on the right, alveolitis, bronchiolitis in the middle lobe on the right, 5th segment on the left. Lymphadenopathy mediastinal was diagnosed. After examination (multiple bacteriological blood, sputum tests, interferon-gamma release assay, echocardiography, bronchoalveolar lavage, sterna puncture, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy, etc.), oncological pathology, tuberculosis of the lungs, sepsis, infections endocarditis and other infectious pathologies were excluded. Antibacterial courses prescribed earlier were ineffective. Immunological blood test revealed high titers (1:1280) of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) with perinuclear fluorescence type (myeloperoxidase specificity), negative antibodies to glomerular basal membrane which allowed to diagnose ANCA-associated vasculitis.Results. Considering the data of clinical, lab, and instrumental examination, the patient was diagnosed with microscopic polyangiitis, ANCA-associated, affecting the lungs (disseminated interstitial lung disease with bronchiolitis) and kidneys (rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis), intrathoracic lymphadenopathy, activity grade III (BVAS index – 23 points). Grade II respiratory failure. Chronic kidney disease 5D (glomerular filtration rate – 6 ml/min/1.73 m2). Grade II arterial hypertension, risk 4. Grade II pulmonary hypertension. Chronic heart failure 2А, functional class IV. Mixed anemia (iron-deficient, chronic disease), severe. Disseminated polyposis of the colon (hyperplastic type). At the hospital, antibacterial drugs (cefoperazone sulbactam), antifungal (fluticasone) were administered, anemia was corrected (iron-containing drugs and erythropoietin, hemotransfusion), hemodialysis. Cyclophosphane 400 mg was administered intravenously, a week later – 800 mg. Methylprednisolone (60 mg/day), co-trimoxazole (480 mg 3 times a week) were prescribed. A pronounced improvement was observed due to the therapy: body temperature normalization, decreased apnea, cough, weakness, increased appetite. The patient was discharged with recommendation for continuation of cytostatic therapy per the regimen and prescription for programmed hemodialysis at the place of residence.Conclusion. This clinical case demonstrates a necessity of considering ANCA-associated vasculitis during differential diagnosis of pulmonary-renal syndrome. Timely diagnosis and active cytostatic therapy play a principal role in treatment and promote deceleration of disease progression and improve prognosis.

The role of the lattice in the correlated metal-insulator transition of Ca2RuO4 has led to significant interest but experiments that are at the same time sensitive to crystal and electronic structure are difficult. Riccò et al. successfully combine ARPES measurements with in situ strain tuning across the Mott transition.

Tropical peat swamp forests provide important ecosystem services, ranging from carbon storage and fire prevention to fish provision. In the Sebangau catchment of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, we completed the first detailed spatial and temporal assessments of local fish biodiversity in peat swamp forest and blackwater river habitats. Monthly environmental and fish data were collected over a 15-month period in both riverine and forest habitats. This resulted in a species list of 55 species from 16 different families. Species richness in the river was almost 1.5 times higher than in the forest, probably due to the sampling methods and trap selectivity. Average monthly river fish catches were negatively correlated with average monthly river depth. River fish surveys were conducted pre- and post- fire in 2015, with results showing increased river acidity and reduced fish catches post-fire. The fish and environmental data presented form a baseline for future monitoring projects and highlight a previously overlooked potential impact of fire on local biodiversity in Indonesia, namely that fire is likely to have negative impacts on the sizes of fish populations and catches. There are direct implications for human communities that depend on fishing for their livelihoods. Because peatlands and their rivers face continued human disturbance and degradation, assessments of fish biodiversity and water quality are of high priority.

Today it is extremely timely and acute to stir up academic quarters in order to develop methodological basis for assessing the degree of accounts trustworthiness in the interest of all groups of company stakeholders. The article studies theoretical and methodological aspects of assessing accounts manipulation. The author came to the conclusion about availability of shortcomings in the effective tools of assessing accounts manipulation, which are connected with determinism of indicators included in their structure and ignoring specificity of different types of company activity. The article proposes a new approach to probabilistic assessment of distortions in company accounts, which leans on mathematic-statistic models, namely typologization and multi-criteria estimation. This approach makes it feasible not only to find facts of accounts distortion but to identify their trend in the direction of overstating or understating. On the basis of this approach the integral indicator of assessing possibility of finance results’ distortion in company accounting in the direction of their overstating was built. It is connected with companies, whose principle type of activity is food production. The author draws a conclusion that more than a half of joint stock companies in the Russian Federation dealing with food production provide untruthful finance accounting (with the possibility of over 60%), which overstates finance results of its work.

A novel multi-server vacation queuing model is considered. The distinguishing feature of the model, compared to the standard queues, is the self-sufficiency of servers. A server can terminate service and go on vacation independently of the system manager and the overall situation in the system. The system manager can make decisions whether to allow the server to start work after vacation completion and when to try returning some server from a vacation to process customers. The arrival flow is defined by a general batch Markov arrival process. The problem of optimal choice of the total number of servers and the thresholds defining decisions of the manager arises. To solve this problem, the behavior of the system is described by the three-dimensional Markov chain with the special block structure of the generator. Conditions for the ergodicity of this chain are derived, the problem of computation of the steady-state distribution of the chain is discussed. Expressions for the key performance indicators of the system in terms of the distribution of the chain states are derived. An illustrative numerical result is presented.

In this paper, we study a multi-server queueing system with retrials and an infinite orbit. The arrival of primary customers is described by a batch Markovian arrival process (BMAP), and the service times have a phase-type (PH) distribution. Previously, in the literature, such a system was mainly considered under the strict assumption that the intervals between the repeated attempts from the orbit have an exponential distribution. Only a few publications dealt with retrial queueing systems with non-exponential inter-retrial times. These publications assumed either the rate of retrials is constant regardless of the number of customers in the orbit or this rate is constant when the number of orbital customers exceeds a certain threshold. Such assumptions essentially simplify the mathematical analysis of the system, but do not reflect the nature of the majority of real-life retrial processes. The main feature of the model under study is that we considered the classical retrial strategy under which the retrial rate is proportional to the number of orbital customers. However, in this case, the assumption of the non-exponential distribution of inter-retrial times leads to insurmountable computational difficulties. To overcome these difficulties, we supposed that inter-retrial times have a phase-type distribution if the number of customers in the orbit is less than or equal to some non-negative integer (threshold) and have an exponential distribution in the contrary case. By appropriately choosing the threshold, one can obtain a sufficiently accurate approximation of the system with a PH distribution of the inter-retrial times. Thus, the model under study takes into account the realistic nature of the retrial process and, at the same time, does not resort to restrictions such as a constant retrial rate or to rough truncation methods often applied to the analysis of retrial queueing systems with an infinite orbit. We describe the behavior of the system by a multi-dimensional Markov chain, derive the stability condition, and calculate the steady-state distribution and the main performance indicators of the system. We made sure numerically that there was a reasonable value of the threshold under which our model can be served as a good approximation of the BMAP/PH/N queueing system with the PH distribution of inter-retrial times. We also numerically compared the system under consideration with the corresponding queueing system having exponentially distributed inter-retrial times and saw that the latter is a poor approximation of the system with the PH distribution of inter-retrial times. We present a number of illustrative numerical examples to analyze the behavior of the system performance indicators depending on the system parameters, the variance of inter-retrial times, and the correlation in the input flow.

We consider a MAP/PH/1-type queueing system with server vacations as a model that is useful for the analysis of multiple access systems with polling discipline without transmission interruption. Vacation of the server corresponds to the service providing competitive information flows to the polling system. In this paper, we consider a vacation queueing model under pretty general assumptions about the probabilistic distributions describing the behavior of the system and the realistic assumption, in many real-world systems, that ongoing service cannot be terminated ahead of schedule. We derive the criterion of the stable operation of the system and the stationary distributions of the system states and the waiting time. An illustrative numerical example is presented.

A single-server non-pre-emptive priority queueing system of a finite capacity with many types of customers is analyzed. Inter-arrival times can be correlated and batch arrivals are allowed. Possible unreliability of the server, implying the loss of a customer or the necessity of its service from the early beginning or some phase of the service, is taken into account. Initial priorities provided to various types of customers at the arrival moment can be varied (increased or decreased) after the random amount of time during the customer stay in the buffer. Such a type of queues arises in the modeling operation of various emergency care systems, information, and perishable goods delivering systems, etc. The stationary behavior of the system is described by the finite state multi-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain with the upper-Hessenberg block structure of the generator. The stationary distribution of the system states and some important characteristics of the system are calculated. The presented numerical examples illustrate opportunities to quantitatively evaluate the impact of the buffer capacity and customers’ mean arrival rate on the most important characteristics of the system. The possibility of solving optimization problems is briefly shown.

Progression through the cell cycle in eukaryotes is regulated on multiple levels. The main driver of the cell cycle progression is the periodic activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) complexes. In parallel, transcription during the cell cycle is regulated by a transcriptional program that ensures the just-in-time gene expression. Many core cell cycle regulators are widely conserved in eukaryotes, among them cyclins and CDKs; however, periodic transcriptional programs are divergent between distantly related species. In addition, many otherwise conserved cell cycle regulators have been lost and independently evolved in yeast, a widely used model organism for cell cycle research. For a better understanding of the evolution of the cell cycle regulation in opisthokonts, we investigated the transcriptional program during the cell cycle of the filasterean Capsaspora owczarzaki, a unicellular species closely related to animals. We developed a protocol for cell cycle synchronization in Capsaspora cultures and assessed gene expression over time across the entire cell cycle. We identified a set of 801 periodic genes that grouped into five clusters of expression over time. Comparison with datasets from other eukaryotes revealed that the periodic transcriptional program of Capsaspora is most similar to that of animal cells. We found that orthologues of cyclin A, B and E are expressed at the same cell cycle stages as in human cells and in the same temporal order. However, in contrast to human cells where these cyclins interact with multiple CDKs, Capsaspora cyclins likely interact with a single ancestral CDK1-3. Thus, the Capsaspora cyclin-CDK system could represent an intermediate state in the evolution of animal-like cyclin-CDK regulation. Overall, our results demonstrate that Capsaspora could be a useful unicellular model system for animal cell cycle regulation.

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to define the role of Buddhism in shaping the political order and to model this process in the states of the Theravada school of thought of Southeast Asia. Methodology and Approach. Using the systemic method, the event analysis and the genealogical method in the interpretation of M. Foucault, the author investigated the genesis and generalized the experience of the establishment of the institution of the monarchy in Buddhist states, as well as analyzed the forms of interaction between the head of state and the Buddhist community (sangha). In the course of the research Buddhism was presented not as religious (sacral), but as a value-philosophical category, which allowed to consider it as an ideological basis of the studied national states. This, in turn, led us to relate the postulates declared in Buddhism to their practical embodiment in state and national construction, using the example of Thailand, Cambodia, Myanmar/Burma, and Laos. Results. The author proposes a justification for the sustainability of monarchist statehood in several countries of the region based on Buddhism and its values, which allows speaking generally about its effectiveness as an ideological setting. An indicator of the success of Buddhist statehood and its head - the well-being of sangha, due to the economic potential of monasteries, which in turn provided political stability, has been proposed.The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic science the category of regional political order is examined through the prism of Buddhism, and Buddhism itself is considered as one of the complex and determining factors in the formation of statehood in the region under study.Practical significance is expressed in the potential ability of the foreign ministry and other state and non-state organizations operating in the region to adjust their policies taking into account the identified patterns and the data provided.

In animals, cellularization of a coenocyte is a specialized form of cytokinesis that results in the formation of a polarized epithelium during early embryonic development. It is characterized by coordinated assembly of an actomyosin network, which drives inward membrane invaginations. However, whether coordinated cellularization driven by membrane invagination exists outside animals is not known. To that end, we investigate cellularization in the ichthyosporean Sphaeroforma arctica, a close unicellular relative of animals. We show that the process of cellularization involves coordinated inward plasma membrane invaginations dependent on an actomyosin network and reveal the temporal order of its assembly. This leads to the formation of a polarized layer of cells resembling an epithelium. We show that this stage is associated with tightly regulated transcriptional activation of genes involved in cell adhesion. Hereby we demonstrate the presence of a self-organized, clonally-generated, polarized layer of cells in a unicellular relative of animals.

The transition to new business conditions in the agro-industrial sector puts forward new requirements for staffing. High qualification of workers in agribusiness is one of the main conditions for creating a platform for the transition from industrialization to environmentally responsible economic growth. However, few existing training and retraining programs for the agro-industrial sector allow to provide the labour market by specialists whose professional competencies include an environmentally responsible context. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the opportunities and prospects for reforming educational programs to train highly qualified specialists for the Russian agro-industrial complex. This article is based on a content analysis of research, economic and statistical data that reliably characterize trends and tendencies in the development of the Russian agro-industry at the present time. One of the most rational approaches to provide the Russian agro-industrial sector with highly qualified human resources, which possess competences in environmentally responsible organization of activities can be based on the Triple Helix Model. The information presented in the article has allowed to make the following main conclusions. Firstly, the environmentally responsible development of the economy as a whole, as well as of its separate sectors, spheres, as well as of the social sector, is the basic condition for the physical survival of modern civilization. Secondly, in the Russian system of training personnel for the agro-industrial sector, the concept of environmentally responsible and innovative-oriented education has not been systematically implemented. Therefore, in practice, the agrarian regions of Russia urgently need skilled personnel with the appropriate level of professional competence in resource-efficient nature management. These conclusions can be used as at the macroeconomic level for the elaboration of development programs of the Russian agro-industry, and at the microeconomic level for the improvement of ways and approaches to corporate training. Within this article, we did not specify the modern techniques of the personnel training and the development of personnel capacity in agro-industriy. This aspect will become a subject-mater for our further research.

The article studies the management system of investment attractiveness in the agricultural sector. The authors set the task of analytical (evaluation of investment attractiveness of the Russian agricultural sector using economicmathematical and economic-statistical methods) and research plans (to identify problems of increasing investment attractiveness and suggest the best ways to eliminate them). The purpose of the article is to determine the main directions of increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector in the Russian Federation.We used the following methods: a content analysis of the legal framework and scientific publications on the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector, economic, statistical, and econometric analysis of the dynamics of the industry using special software applications (STATISTICA package).Over the past three years, the dynamics of investment in fixed capital in the agricultural sector is steadily increasing, but the volume of loans attracted is almost twice as high as the volume of investment (hence, loans are attracted to solve current problems). Investment activity in agriculture is unstable, as evidenced by the coefficients of structural shifts in the investment process. State participation in agriculture is high, but it does not stimulate economic growth. The practical purpose and scientific value of the article are to build a holistic and logical vision in solving the problems of increasing the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector.We highlighted a number of latent factors that limit the investment attractiveness of the agricultural sector: high debt burden of enterprises, low innovative activity, the use of outdated technologies, inefficient organization and use of outdated approaches to the management of agricultural enterprises and of the industry as a whole.The article concludes that institutional changes and reforms are needed, which should be directed: first, to change the sectoral structure by increasing the level of technological effectiveness of agricultural production; second, to change the role of the state in the processes of functioning and development of the industry (the gradual rejection of protectionism in favor of competition).

The essential physics of cuprate superconductors is often described by single-band models. Here, Matt et al. report direct observation of a two-band electronic structure in La-based cuprates.

Study Design: We collected experimental data concerning vertebrae sizes and performed an investigation of these data for different patient ages by methods of mathematical statistics. Purpose: The standard dimensions of vertebrae and intervertebral discs are of major importance for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of spine diseases and their successful treatment. The purpose is to study these sizes for children at the age of 9–14 years. Overview of Literature: Unfortunately, this issue is poorly presented in the corresponding literature. There are no systematic results. Only particular cases are presented. Materials and Methods: Experimental is based on the: results of X-ray investigations of children spines. Theoretical background is given by methods of mathematical statistics. Results: Systematic description of vertebrae sizes for children of age 9–14 is given. This specific age interval is the most common period of initiation of various pathological deformations of human spine. Conclusions: The acquired data both reflect the process of spine growth and can serve for building correct mathematical models of a healthful or diseased spine.

Scoliosis, being one of the most widespread spinal diseases among children, has been studied extensively throughout the history of medicine, yet there is no clear understanding of its initiating factors and the mechanogenesis of the monomorphic three-dimensional deformation due to its polyetiological nature. We present a novel mathematical model of the process of emergence of the three-dimensional deformation of the human spine based on variational principles. Typical scoliosis geometry is assumed to be described as minimal curves of a particular energy functional, which are shown to closely resemble actual scoliosis. We investigate the numerical properties of the first stage of scoliosis, which is shown to have the highest influence on the development of the disease.