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The typification of the name Marchanda hemisphaerica L. [≡ Reboulia hemisphaerica (L.) Raddi] (Aytoniaceae) is discussed. A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium (LINN) is designated as the lectotype.

Nomenclatural notes and morphological observations on Malva subovata sensu lato (Malvaceae) are discussed. The names Axolpha wigandii , L. africana by Cavanilles, L. africana by Miller, L. maritima , L. maritima var. purpurea , L. maritima var. trilobata , L. rupestris , and Lavatera subovata are lectotypified upon specimens preserved in the Herbaria BM, COI, G-DC, LY, MPU, and upon illustrations by Cavanilles and Gouan, while L. gallica , L. rotundifolia , and Olbia canescens are illegitimate names. Cavanilles’ L. africana , L. maritima , and A. wigandii are confirmed to be synonyms of L. subovata . Miller’s L. africana , a prevoiusly published homonym of Cavanilles’ L. africana , refers to another species. L. gallica , L. maritima var. purpurea , L. maritima var. trilobata , L. rotundifolia , and Olbia canescens are to be considered synonyms of L. subovata s.s. On the basis of morphological features and distribution areas, the current infraspecific classification of M. subovata s.l. (three subspecies) cannot be retained, and the better choice is the recognition of only two infraspecific taxa (subsp. subovata and subsp. bicolor ), while the subsp. rupestris is to be treated as a synonym of the autonymic subspecies.

A comprehensive nomenclatural study of the 109 names in Acnida , Amaranthus [1] and Euxolus, which were firstly published by Moquin-Tandon, is here presented. 49 names are invalid since 1) were proposed as synonyms under legitimate names (36 names, Art. 36.1c of the ICN), 2) are nomina nuda (11 names, Art. 38.2 Ex. 1 of the ICN), or 3) were uncorrectly named or published (2 names). 10 names are actually new proposed combinations. The remaining 50 names are valid (48 legitimate and 2 illegitimate). Six names ( Ac. tuberculata , Am. hybridus var. erythrostachys , Am. sect. Pyxidium , Am. muricatus , E. caudatus var. gracilis , and E. caudatus var. maximus ) are already lectotypified, while the remaining ones appears to be untypified. Types (lecto-, isolecto- and neo-) are designated on specimens preserved at BR, G, GH, HAL, HOH, K, MO, MPU, P, UPS, and iconographies by Vellozo (for Am. brasiliensis ), Wight ( Am. tristis var. wightii ), Morandi ( Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens ), and Dodoens ( Euxolus viridis var. rubens ). Syntypes are preserved at BR, MO, RO, and TUB. For the nomenclatural purposes the name Am. lanceolatus was also investigated and lectotypified on a specimen preserved at P. No typifications were proposed for 4 names: Am. paniculatus var. monstruosus (which is to be considered a teratogenous form) Am. flavus var. bernhardi , Am. hypochondriacus var. racemosus , and Am. tristis var. flexuosus . Concerning the latter three names, since the difficult in understanding the concepts of these taxa and finding useful specimens and in the interest of nomenclatural stability, a rejection of is hoped for (Art. 56 of the ICN). New synonymies are proposed for Amaranthus blitum var. nanus (= Am. blitoides ), Am. brasiliensis (= Am. cruentus ), Am. tristis var. leptostachys (= Am. cruentus ), Euxolus viridis var. rubens and Euxolus viridis var. purpurascens (= Am. blitum var. blitum ). The name Amaranthus × wallichii was proposed to formalize a putative hybrid between Am. cruentus and Am. hybridus , which still does not appear to be published.

As part of the nomenclatural revision of the genus Sesleria (Poaceae), we have found that some names are still untypified. Thus, we have carried out a nomenclatural investigation which led to the designation of five lectotypes (for the names Festuca argentea , Cynosurus cylindricus , Sesleria argentea var. hispanica , S. elongata , and S. sphaerocephala ), three epitypes ( F. argentea , S. elongata , and S. sphaerocephala ) and one neotype ( S. autumnalis ). Concerning S. insularis a depth discussion was provided and this name was accepted to be lectotypified by Ujhelyi in a double-step typification . All the proposed types are in agreement with the current use of the names, and contribute to stabilize the nomenclatural framework of the genus.

Iamonico, Duilio, Peruzzi, Lorenzo (2012): Lectotypification of the Linnaean name Acanthus spinosus (Acanthaceae). Phytotaxa 62 (1): 11-12, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.62.1.3, URL: http://biotaxa.org/Phytotaxa/article/view/phytotaxa.62.1.3

Two specimens from the Linnaeus Herbarium (at LINN) and an illustration by Bauhin & Cherler are designated as the lectotypes of, respectively, Carduus eriophorus (≡ Cirsium eriophorum ), Carduus eriophorus var. spurius [= Cirsium × gerhardtii , syn. nov. ( Cirsium vulgare × Cirsium eriophorum )], and Cnicus ferox (≡ Cirsium ferox ). All the taxa involved in this study belong to Cirsium sect. Eriolepis .

Recent published molecular analyses have shown that the genus Polycarpon is polyphyletic and includes only the members belonging to the Polycarpon tetraphyllum aggregate. Morphologically, dehiscence of the capsule by valves that elastically roll inwards and eject the seeds provides a clear synapomorphy for Polycarpon in this restricted sense. Among the excluded taxa, the South American P. anomalum , P. suffruticosum and P. coquimbense are not described taxonomically, although molecular and morphological evidence exists. We here propose to recognise these species as a new South American endemic genus ( Augustea gen. nov. ) with three recognized species. The names Polycarpon suffruticosum (var. suffruticosum , and var. virens ), P. australe , and P. anomalum are lectotypified. A diagnostic key is provided, as well as descriptions, ecological information and distribution for each species.

Studies on the genus Atriplex L. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. IV. Atriplex bocconei Guss. – Atriplex bocconei Guss. is here typified on one herbarium specimen kept in NAP. The identity of the species is also clarified on the basis of literature analysis and examination of type material and other specimens that allowed to include it in the synonym of A. glauca L. An extensive synonymy of A. glauca was also reported, including two new combinations. Notes on the ecology and present distribution of the species are also provided. Keywords: Atriplex glauca L., Atriplex halimus L., new combination, new synonymy, typification

Based on a plate from the protologue by Antonio Sebastiani and a specimen in RO, a lectotype and an epitype, respectively, for Trifolium latinum Sebast. are designated here.

Dysphania anthelmintica is recorded for the first time for Italy (Lazio region). Morphological and ecological characteristics of this plant and its invasive status, as compared with those of Dysphania ambrodioides and Chenopodium suffruticosum, are presented and discussed. Taxonomical notes are also provided.

Lemna valdiviana Phil. and L. minuta Kunth are native species of the Americas. At present L. minuta colonizes in Europa and Asia, where it is often considered an invasive alien species. Recent floristic surveys in the Agro Pontino area (Lazio region, central Italy) allowed to find a population referring to L. valdiviana, supported by the recent gathering in Sardegna region. With the aim to identify correctly the two species, we carried out a morphometric study based on measurements of both qualitative and quantitative characters, made on herbarium and living specimens collected from America and Europe. The univariate and multivariate analyses clearly support the attribution of the population from Lazio to L. valdiviana. This gathering is the first record of this species for the Italian peninsula. Moreover, the checking of Herbaria allowed us to find the older specimen of L. minuta collected in Europe (around 1877). At present L. valdiviana is to be considered as a casual alien species in Agro Pon...

Marchantia L. (Aytoniaceae Cavers, Marchantiales Limpr.) is a genus of about 65 species with worldwide distribution (Arora & Langer, 2011). Linnaeus published seven names under Marchantia (Jarvis, ...

Summary We report the results of a floristic survey carried out in the Castelli Romani Regional Park (Rome, Central Italy) during the years 2003–2008, supplemented with data derived from recent literature. The Park includes part of Colli Albani, four SCIs and a SPA. The purpose of this study was to assess the actual floristic value of an area close to the city of Rome, yet still at medium floristic knowledge. The area has peculiar features in terms of lithomorphology (volcanic rocks, volcanic lakes), soils (andisoils, brown soils), and phytoclimate (Mediterranean Transitional Region, Temperate Region). The floristic list is composed of 796 units belonging to 783 species, 420 genera, and 102 families. One species, Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., is new to Lazio Region. The woody flora reaches 12.06%, while, as for the herbaceous flora, Hemicryptophytes slightly prevail over Therophytes. As regards chorotypes, together with a considerable number of Mediterranean s. l. and of European species, there are many spec...

Molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphological observations, and nomenclatural studies were carried out to investigate the taxonomic status of Portulaca boninensis, endemic species from the Bonin (Ogasawara) Islands (Japan). The results addressed controversy between the widely naturalized P. boninensis and P. pilosa, indicating that they are phylogenetically and morphologically distinct. Furthermore, P. boninensis was showed to be conspecific to P. psammotropha which is until now recorded in southern China, Taiwan, and the northern Philippines, but not in the Ryukyus. The name of P. psammotropha was lectotypified on a specimen preserved at K. Based on phylogeography, P. psammotropha likely migrated to the Oceanic Bonin Islands oversea by sea-current dispersal or by exo- and/or end ozoochory through migratory birds without passing through Ryukyus.

As part of a revision of the genus Polycnemum Linnaeus (1753: 35) in Europe we here present a nomenclatural study of the untypified name Polycnemum majus A. Braun ex Bogenhard (1841: 151–152). This study is also related to a joint nomenclatural investigation of the Linnaean names of Camphorosma Linnaeus (1753: 122), where we detected that most original material of C. acuta Linnaeus (1753: 122) agrees with P. majus. That matter and a corresponding formal proposal to conserve P. majus so as to maintain that name will be published elsewhere.

The recent molecular investigations by Kool et al. (2007) clearly showed the polyphyly of the genus Polycarpon Linnaeus (1759: 859, 881) which includes, in the new restricted sense, only the taxa belonging to the Polycarpon tetraphyllum clade, while the South American P. suffruticosum Grisebach (1874: 77−78), and P. coquimbense Gereau & Marticonema (1995: 154), and the widespread tropical P. prostratum (Forsskål 1775: 207) Ascherson & Schweinfurth (1889: 128) are to be excluded. Kool et al. (2007) also suggested treating all the members of the P. tetraphyllum group as a single species with the recognition of several subspecies. Accordingly, Iamonico (2013), and Iamonico & Domina (2015) proposed four new nomenclatural combinations [a further proposal about the northwestern American P. depressum Nuttal ex Torrey & Gray (1838: 174) is in preparation].

As part of the treatment of Polycnemum by D. Iamonico for a new edition of the Flora of Italy (e.g., Iamonico 2011, 2012, 2013), and the ongoing taxonomic revision of the genus in Europe (Iamonico et al., in prep.), we hereby typify the names in Polycnemum Linnaeus (1753: 35) introduced by the Hungarian pharmacist and botanist, A.F. Láng (1795–1863). Láng’s contribution to European Polycnemum taxonomy was substantial, because of the currently accepted four species (Ball 1993), two [P. heuffelii Láng (1828: 219), P. verrucosum Láng (1824: 179)] were described by him. The greatest part of his huge herbarium (ca 60.000 specimens) was moved to Austria (Gombocz 1936), but many of his specimens are scattered in different herbaria worldwide.

The typification of the name Fagus castanea L. (Fagaceae) is discussed. A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium (no. 1130.1, LINN!) is designated as lectotype.

The typification of the name T rapa natans L. ( Trapaceae ) is discussed. A specimen from the Clifford Herbarium (BM) is designated as the lectotype. For a clearer interpretation of the name, a specimen at K is designated as epitype.

A specimen from the Linnaean Herbarium (no. 996.61, LINN) is designated as the lectotype of the name Senecio doria.

To accommodate the morphological diversity of Satureja s.l. (Lamiaceae, Nepetoideae, Menthae, Menthinae), many taxonomists (Bentham 1848, Boissier 1879, Ball & Getliffe 1972, Davis 1982) assign the species of this genus to different genera, mainly Satureja Linnaeus (1753: 587), Clinopodium Linnaeus (1753: 587), Acinos Miller (1754: without pagination), Calamintha Miller (1754: without pagination), and Micromeria Bentham (1829: ad tab 1282, no. 17), while others recognize only Satureja (e.g., Greuter et al. 1984) or Clinopodium (e.g., Kuntze 1891). Recent molecular studies (Wagstaff & al. 1995, Prether & al. 2002, Harley & al. 2004, Trusty & al. 2004, Bräuchler & al. 2005) have contributed to a better understanding of the group and they favoured abandonment of the concept of Satureja sensu lato. As consequence, the genera Acinos, Calamintha and Micromeria p.p. were transferred to the genus Clinopodium and several new combinations were validated both for the Americas (Cantino & Wagstaff 1998, Govaerts 1999, Harley & Paucar 2000, Pool 2008) and for Europe (Rosselló 2006, Bräuchler & al. 2008a, 2008b, Peruzzi & Conti 2008, Brullo & Brullo 2009, Bartolucci & Conti, 2011, 2012).

The Linnaean name Arenaria tenuifolia (Caryophyllaceae) is lectotypified on a specimen preserved at LINN (no. 585.36). To verify its identity, the names A. dichotoma ( nom. illeg. ), A. hybrida (currently Sabulina tenuifolia ), A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. vaillantiana ), Minuartia hybrida var. palaestina , M. hybrida var. parviflora , and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (currently S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica ) were investigated. Two iconography, one by Villars and a second by Vaillant are designated as lectotypes of A. hybrida , and A. tenuifolia var. vaillantiana respectively. In addition, the holotypes of M. hybrida var. palaestina , M. hybrida var. parviflora , and M. hybrida subsp. turcica (basyonim of S. tenuifolia subsp. turcica ) were examined at WU (var. parviflora ) and E (var. palaestina , and subsp. turcica ). The results show that Linnaeus’s 1753 A. tenuifolia , has priority over Villars’ 1779 A. hybrida . Therefore we here confirm the treatment of these two names by M. Dillenberger and J. Kadereit although neither name was typified by them. All of the above names are included in Sabulina . Since var. palaestina and var. parviflora have not yet transferred to Sabulina two new combinations are proposed herein, namely S. tenuifolia var. palaestina , and S. tenuifolia var. parviflora .

On the basis of DNA sequences of nrITS and plastid matK from 160 ingroup and 105 outgroup samples, Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014) reconstructed the phylogeny and the evolution of the relevant morphological characters of the genus Minuartia Linnaeus (1753: 89), to show that this genus is highly polyphyletic. A revised circumscription of Minuartia was proposed with the recognition of Cherleria Linnaeus (1753: 425), Eremogone Fenzl (1833: 13), Facchinia Reichenbach (1841: 63), Mononeuria Reichenbach (1841: 118), Rhodalsine Gay (1845: 25), Sabulina Reichenbach (1832: 24) and Triplateia Bartling (1830: 305), and recognition of new genera Mcneillia Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014: 83), Minuartiella Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014: 84) and Pseudocherleria Dillenberger & Kadereit (2014: 84).

As part of the revision of the genus Amaranthus Linnaeus (1753: 989) for the treatment of Amaranthaceae Jussieu for the Euro+Med PlantBase project (Iamonico, in prep.), and the typification work on the Linnaean names in this family (e.g., Iamonico 2012, 2013, 2014a, 2014b, Iamonico & Jarvis 2012, Iamonico & Del Pino 2014), it has been necessary to establish the identity of A. gangeticus Linnaeus (1759: 1268), especially in comparison with the related taxa included in the A. tricolor Linnaeus (1753: 989) aggregate (Iamonico 2014a).

The typification of the name Atriplex tornabenei (a nomen novum pro A. arenaria) is discussed. An illustration by Cupani is designated as the lectotype, while a specimen from FI is designated as the epitype. Chorological and morphological notes in comparison with the related species A. rosea and A. tatarica are also provided. A nomenclatural change (Atriplex tornabenei subsp. pedunculata stat. nov.) is proposed.

The genus Acanthus Linnaeus (1753: 639) (Acanthaceae) is composed of 20 species distributed in Africa, southern Europe, southern Asia, and Australasia (McDade et al. 2005). Linnaeus (1753, 1756) published 5 names under Acanthus [ A. dioscoridis Linnaeus (1756: 23), A. ilicifolius Linnaeus (1753: 639), A. maderaspatensis Linnaeus (1753: 639), A. mollis Linnaeus (1753: 639), A. spinosus Linnaeus (1753: 639)] of which two are currently referred to other genera (Jarvis 2007): A. ilicifolius L. is now accepted under Dilivaria Jussieu (1789: 103) as D. ilicifolia (L.) Jussieu (1789: 103), A. maderaspatensis L. under Blepharis Jussieu (1789: 103) as B. maderaspatensis (L.) Roth (1821: 320). One of these names, concerning the European flora, appears to be yet untypified, and it is therefore investigated here. Acanthus spinosus is known in mediterranean and south-eastern Europe (Italy, Croatia, Albania, Bulgaria, Crete, East Aegean islands, Greece), the Asiatic Turkey as well as in Algeria, and is currently accepted at specific rank (e.g., Marhold 2011).

Iamonico, D. (2012). Studies on the genus Atriplex L. (Amaranthaceae) in Italy. II. Lectotypification of Atriplex elongata Guss. Candollea 67: 181–185. In English, English and French abstracts. Atriplex elongata Guss. (Amaranthaceae) is giving as an heterotypic synonym of Atriplex patula L. This first name is also lectotypified on a herbarium specimen kept in NAP. The identity of the species is clarified based on literature analysis and examination of type material and other herbarium specimens.

We studied the application of the neglected name Centaurea leucolepis DC., concluding, by examination of the literature and original material, that the associated taxon is C. corensis Vals. et Filig., endemic to Campania region (southern Italy) and introduced into Sardinia. The name by Candolle is legitimate and it is here lectotypified by a specimen kept at G. In addition, after field surveys and herbarium searches, we suggest that this taxon should be considered as a subspecies of C. deusta Ten., a very polymorphic species of south-eastern Europe, proposing a new combination and providing a detailed description. In addition, we provide the validation of the name C. cineraria subsp. sirenum, endemic to Sirenuse islands (province of Salerno). Finally, a new natural hybrid within C. sect. Centaurea (C. montaltensis × C. deusta subsp. deusta) is described on the basis of the diagnosis and a specimen at PI by Michele Guadagno.