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The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Open access article. System monitors are applications used to monitor other systems (often mission critical) and take corrective actions upon a system failure. Rather than reactively take action after a failure, the potential of fuzzy logic to anticipate and proactively take corrective actions is explored here. Failures adversely affect a system’s non-functional qualities (e.g., availability, reliability, and usability) and may result in a variety of losses such as data, productivity, or safety losses. The detection and prevention of failures necessarily improves a critical system’s non-functional qualities and avoids losses. The paper is self-contained and reviews set and logic theory, fuzzy inference systems (FIS), explores parameterization, and tests the neighborhood of rule thresholds to evaluate the potential for anticipating failures. Results demonstrate detectable gradients in FIS state spaces and means fuzzy logic based system monitors can anticipate rule violations or system failures.

The standard approach to the estimation of homographies consists in the application of the RANSAC algorithm to a set of tentative matches. More recent strategies based on deep learning, namely convolutional architectures, have become available. In this work, a new algorithm for the estimation of homographies is developed. It is rooted in a convolutional neural network for homography estimation, which is provided with a range of versions of the input pair of pictures. Such versions are generated by perturbation of the color levels of the input images. Each generated pair of images yields a distinct estimation of the homography, and then the estimations are combined together to obtain a final, more robust estimation. Experiments have been designed and carried out to test the validity of our approach, including qualitative and quantitative performance measures. In particular, it is demonstrated that our approach consistently outperforms the baseline approach consisting of using the output of the homography estimation deep network for the original input pair of images.

In this work we implement a COVID-19 infection detection system based on chest X-ray images with uncertainty estimation. Uncertainty estimation is vital for safe usage of computer aided diagnosis tools in medical applications. Model estimations with high uncertainty should be carefully analyzed by a trained radiologist. We aim to improve uncertainty estimations using unlabelled data through the MixMatch semi-supervised framework. We test popular uncertainty estimation approaches, comprising Softmax scores, Monte-Carlo dropout and deterministic uncertainty quantification. To compare the reliability of the uncertainty estimates, we propose the usage of the Jensen-Shannon distance between the uncertainty distributions of correct and incorrect estimations. This metric is statistically relevant, unlike most previously used metrics, which often ignore the distribution of the uncertainty estimations. Our test results show a significant improvement in uncertainty estimates when using unlabelled data. The best results are obtained with the use of the Monte Carlo dropout method.

Skin lesions are caused due to multiple factors, like allergies, infections, exposition to the sun, etc. These skin diseases have become a challenge in medical diagnosis due to visual similarities, where image classification is an essential task to achieve an adequate diagnostic of different lesions. Melanoma is one of the best-known types of skin lesions due to the vast majority of skin cancer deaths. In this work, we propose an ensemble of improved convolutional neural networks combined with a test-time regularly spaced shifting technique for skin lesion classification. The shifting technique builds several versions of the test input image, which are shifted by displacement vectors that lie on a regular lattice in the plane of possible shifts. These shifted versions of the test image are subsequently passed on to each of the classifiers of an ensemble. Finally, all the outputs from the classifiers are combined to yield the final result. Experiment results show a significant improvement on the well-known HAM10000 dataset in terms of accuracy and Fscore. In particular, it is demonstrated that our combination of ensembles with test-time regularly spaced shifting yields better performance than any of the two methods when applied alone. This work is partially supported by the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain under grant RTI2018-094645-B-I00, project name Automated detection with low-cost hardware of unusual activities in video sequences. It is also partially supported by the Autonomous Government of Andalusia (Spain) under project UMA18-FEDERJA-084, project name Detection of anomalous behavior agents by deep learning in low-cost video surveillance intelligent systems. All of them include funds from the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). It is also partially supported by the University of Malaga (Spain) under grants B1-2019_02, project name Self-Organizing Neural Systems for Non-Stationary Environments, and B1-2019_01, project name Anomaly detection on roads by moving cameras. The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources, technical expertise and assistance provided by the SCBI (Supercomputing and Bioinformatics) center of the University of Málaga. They also gratefully acknowledge the support of NVIDIA Corporation with the donation of two Titan X GPUs. The authors acknowledge the funding from the Universidad de Málaga. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga / CBUA.

The Corona Virus (COVID-19) is an internationalpandemic that has quickly propagated throughout the world. The application of deep learning for image classification of chest X-ray images of Covid-19 patients, could become a novel pre-diagnostic detection methodology. However, deep learning architectures require large labelled datasets. This is often a limitation when the subject of research is relatively new as in the case of the virus outbreak, where dealing with small labelled datasets is a challenge. Moreover, in the context of a new highly infectious disease, the datasets are also highly imbalanced,with few observations from positive cases of the new disease. In this work we evaluate the performance of the semi-supervised deep learning architecture known as MixMatch using a very limited number of labelled observations and highly imbalanced labelled dataset. We propose a simple approach for correcting data imbalance, re-weight each observationin the loss function, giving a higher weight to the observationscorresponding to the under-represented class. For unlabelled observations, we propose the usage of the pseudo and augmentedlabels calculated by MixMatch to choose the appropriate weight. The MixMatch method combined with the proposed pseudo-label based balance correction improved classification accuracy by up to 10%, with respect to the non balanced MixMatch algorithm, with statistical significance. We tested our proposed approach with several available datasets using 10, 15 and 20 labelledobservations. Additionally, a new dataset is included among thetested datasets, composed of chest X-ray images of Costa Rican adult patients, Under journal review

Generalization is an important issue in machine learning. In fact, in several applications good results over training data are not as important as good results over unseen data. While this problem was deeply studied in other machine learning techniques, it has become an important issue for genetic programming only in the last few years. In this paper we compare the generalization ability of several different genetic programming frameworks, including some variants of multi-objective genetic programming and operator equalization, a recently defined bloat free genetic programming system. The test problem used is a hard regression real-life application in the field of drug discovery and development, characterized by a high number of features and where the generalization ability of the proposed solutions is a crucial issue. The results we obtained show that, at least for the considered problem, multi-optimization is effective in improving genetic programming generalization ability, outperforming all the other methods on test data. © 2010 IEEE.