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219 results on '"Engel, Dirk"'

210. Does the support of innovative clusters sustainably foster R&D activity? Evidence from the German BioRegio and BioProfile contests

Author

Engel, Dirk, Mitze, Timo, Patuelli, Roberto, Reinkowski, Janina, Engel, Dirk, Mitze, Timo, Patuelli, Roberto, and Reinkowski, Janina

Abstract

In this paper, we evaluate the R&D enhancing effects of two large public grant schemes aiming at encouraging the performance of firms organized in clusters. These are Germany's well known BioRegio and BioProle contests for which we compare the research performance of winning regions in contrast with non-winning and non-participating comparison regions. We apply Difference-in-Difference estimation techniques in a generalized linear model framework, which allows to control for different initial regional conditions in the biotechnology related R&D activity. Our econometric findings support the view that winners generally outperform non-winning participants during the treatment period, thus indicating that exclusive funding as well as the stimulating effect of being a "winner" seems to work in the short-term. In contrast, no indirect impacts stemming from a potential mobilizing effect of the contest approaches have been detected. Also, we find only limited evidence for long-term effects of public R&D grants in the post-treatment period. The results of our analysis remain stable if we additionally augment the model to account for the particular role of spatial dependence in the R&D outcome variables.

211. Does the support of innovative clusters sustainably foster R&D activity? Evidence from the German BioRegio and BioProfile contests

Author

Engel, Dirk, Mitze, Timo, Patuelli, Roberto, Reinkowski, Janina, Engel, Dirk, Mitze, Timo, Patuelli, Roberto, and Reinkowski, Janina

Abstract

In this paper, we evaluate the R&D enhancing effects of two large public grant schemes aiming at encouraging the performance of firms organized in clusters. These are Germany's well known BioRegio and BioProle contests for which we compare the research performance of winning regions in contrast with non-winning and non-participating comparison regions. We apply Difference-in-Difference estimation techniques in a generalized linear model framework, which allows to control for different initial regional conditions in the biotechnology related R&D activity. Our econometric findings support the view that winners generally outperform non-winning participants during the treatment period, thus indicating that exclusive funding as well as the stimulating effect of being a "winner" seems to work in the short-term. In contrast, no indirect impacts stemming from a potential mobilizing effect of the contest approaches have been detected. Also, we find only limited evidence for long-term effects of public R&D grants in the post-treatment period. The results of our analysis remain stable if we additionally augment the model to account for the particular role of spatial dependence in the R&D outcome variables.

214. The investment-divestment relationship: Resource shifts and intersubsidiary competition in MNEs - PEO Withdrawn (WITHDRAWN).

Author

Procher, Vivien and Engel, Dirk

Abstract

Extant literature examines corporate investment and divestment by multinational enterprises (MNEs) solely as discrete and separate decisions. However, international resource shifts of MNEs cause disruptions and increase competitive pressures within its subsidiary network, which can trigger subsequent investments and divestments. Concentrating on investment and divestment decisions in the domestic and foreign arenas, we use a panel of 3,524 French MNEs to analyse intersubsidiary competition and intertemporal adjustment processes of the investment-divestment relationship between 2002 and 2010. Our empirical findings support the theoretical notion of segmented intersubsidiary competition within MNEs: Foreign investments create a competitive pressure for foreign subsidiaries to be divested in subsequent periods, where domestic investments spur divestment at home. Inversely, foreign divestments are more likely to create new investment opportunities in the foreign than in the domestic arena. The results highlight the intertemporal linkage between investment and divestment decisions, which is particularly strong within the foreign and domestic arenas, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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215. Topically Active Corticosteroids: A Quantitative Evaluation of McKenzie's Skin-Blanching Test

Author

Engel, Dirk J.C., Marx, Arthur F., Rekker, Roelof F., and van Wijk, Leendert

Abstract

This study investigated whether the skin-blanching test designed by McKenzie for screening topically active corticosteroids produces results that are sufficiently quantitative to be used in structure activity relationship investigations.To this purpose a series of hydrocortisone-17 esters were tested on the healthy human skin of a number of volunteers. The results were expressed by means of two parameters: one that could be measured directly, the spot diameter, and one that was visually evaluated, the blanching score. These two parameters were mutually compaired by regression analysis. The conclusion is that both biological parameters are suited for structure activity relationship studies. A correlation (r=0.972 and 0.988 respectively) between the test results is expressed in either of these parameters.

Published
1974
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218. Richtig gut erwischen.

Author

Engel, Dirk

Abstract

Copyright of HORIZONT is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018

219. Automated data evaluation and modelling of simultaneous (19) F-(1) H medium-resolution NMR spectra for online reaction monitoring.

Author

Zientek N, Laurain C, Meyer K, Paul A, Engel D, Guthausen G, Kraume M, and Maiwald M

Abstract

Medium-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MR-NMR) currently develops to an important analytical tool for both quality control and process monitoring. In contrast to high-resolution online NMR (HR-NMR), MR-NMR can be operated under rough environmental conditions. A continuous re-circulating stream of reaction mixture from the reaction vessel to the NMR spectrometer enables a non-invasive, volume integrating online analysis of reactants and products. Here, we investigate the esterification of 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol with acetic acid to 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl acetate both by (1) H HR-NMR (500 MHz) and (1) H and (19) F MR-NMR (43 MHz) as a model system. The parallel online measurement is realised by splitting the flow, which allows the adjustment of quantitative and independent flow rates, both in the HR-NMR probe as well as in the MR-NMR probe, in addition to a fast bypass line back to the reactor. One of the fundamental acceptance criteria for online MR-MNR spectroscopy is a robust data treatment and evaluation strategy with the potential for automation. The MR-NMR spectra are treated by an automated baseline and phase correction using the minimum entropy method. The evaluation strategies comprise (i) direct integration, (ii) automated line fitting, (iii) indirect hard modelling (IHM) and (iv) partial least squares regression (PLS-R). To assess the potential of these evaluation strategies for MR-NMR, prediction results are compared with the line fitting data derived from the quantitative HR-NMR spectroscopy. Although, superior results are obtained from both IHM and PLS-R for (1) H MR-NMR, especially the latter demands for elaborate data pretreatment, whereas IHM models needed no previous alignment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Published
2016
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