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Fisheries and human dimensions literature suggests that climate change influences inland recreational fishers in North America through three major pathways. The most widely recognized pathway suggests that climate change impacts habitat and fish populations (e.g., water temperature impacting fish survival) and cascades to impact fishers. Climate change also impacts recreational fishers by influencing environmental conditions that directly affect fishers (e.g., increased temperatures in northern climates resulting in extended open water fishing seasons and increased fishing effort). The final pathway occurs from climate change mitigation and adaptation efforts (e.g., refined energy policies result in higher fuel costs, making distant trips more expensive). To address limitations of past research (e.g., assessing climate change impacts for only one pathway at a time and not accounting for climate variability, extreme weather events, or heterogeneity among fishers), we encourage researchers to refocus their efforts to understand and document climate change impacts to inland fishers.

Climate change is often described as the greatest environmental challenge of our time. In addition, a changing climate can reallocate natural capital, change the value of all forms of capital and lead to mass redistribution of wealth. Here we explain how the inclusive wealth framework provides a means to measure shifts in the amounts and distribution of wealth induced by climate change. Biophysical effects on prices, pre-existing institutions and socio-ecological changes related to shifts in climate cause wealth to change in ways not correlated with biophysical changes. This implies that sustainable development in the face of climate change requires a coherent approach that integrates biophysical and social measurement. Inclusive wealth provides a measure that indicates sustainability and has the added benefit of providing an organizational framework for integrating the multiple disciplines studying global change.

Les perturbateurs endocriniens sont des composés chimiques naturels ou de synthèse, présents dans l’environnement domestique quotidien, capables d’interférer avec les systèmes de régulation hormonale et d’entraîner des effets délétères sur la santé des individus. Bien que leur responsabilité en clinique humaine reste encore l’objet de débats et de controverses, il est de plus en plus vraisemblable qu’ils interviennent comme facteur de risque dans de nombreuses pathologies chroniques : anomalies du développement ou de la reproduction et cancers hormono-dépendants (rapportés dans le présent article), troubles métaboliques (obésité et diabète de type 2), maladies neuro-psychiatriques ou neuro-dégénératives. Leur exposition à faibles doses, dans des fenêtres d’exposition sensibles comme la période fœtale, périnatale ou péri-pubertaire, ou chronique avec bioaccumulation, en particulier dans le tissu graisseux, et possibilité d’effets synergiques de plusieurs composés (« effet cocktail »), pourrait constituer un des éléments de l’interface génétique/environnement, incriminée dans de nombreuses pathologies.

Abstract Current efforts to value ecosystem services have contributed little to the valuation of natural capital, suggesting that in practice “nature is capital” primarily serves as a metaphor. We provide a theoretically motivated approach for recovering natural capital prices that expands beyond idealized management to encompass current, likely inefficient, management institutions. Theoretically consistent capital valuation requires adjusting for the net marginal productivity of the natural capital asset and price appreciation. We develop a numerical approach for approximating the value of capital that integrates estimates from ecology and economics. We employ the method to recover credible accounting prices for a pound of Gulf of Mexico reef fish as a capital asset under real-world management conditions. Our approach reveals the interdisciplinarity of natural capital valuation and the importance of understanding the feedbacks between the state of natural capital stocks, human behavior affecting these stocks, and the role of institutions in shaping that feedback.

We review the bioeconomic and disease ecology literatures on managing the spread of infectious diseases among and between wild and domestic animals. Management recommendations derived from these two literatures are compared and shown to differ due to the way each treats human behaviors. Conventional disease ecology models treat human behaviors as external to the disease system, whereas bioeconomic analysis treats behavior as an internal component of a jointly determined human-disease ecology system. The complexities of animal disease systems, including multiple state variables and imperfect controls, are shown to influence the overall level of optimal disease control, the optimal allocation of controls across species and activities, and long-run outcomes. Eradication is not always optimal, nor may it be optimal to pursue a steady-state outcome. Human responses to disease risks in decentralized settings are also examined. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of future research avenues.

Jesse and Grace have been best friends since birth, almost ten years. Their moms were best friends before they were born. It never mattered that Jesse is a boy and Grace is a girl; they have always understood, protected, and comforted each other, sharing their jokes, toys, dreams, and love of poetry and basketball. But now they're in fourth grade and about to celebrate their tenth birthdays, and Grace writes a birthday poem and gives it to Jesse one Monday morning at school. Their classmates, who see Grace give Jesse the poem, begin to tease them nonstop: "Jesse's got a girlfriend! Gracie's got a boyfriend!" Denial only makes things worse. Hurt and confused, Jesse crumples up the poem and throws it away, which hurts and confuses Grace. Before long, the two have stopped speaking to each other. Each goes in search of a new best friend and soon finds that no one else is quite a perfect fit. Though they try to avoid one other, they're in the same class and all eyes are upon them. Every encounter breeds more teasing, humiliation, and anger. Then everyone is invited to Grace's birthday/skating party. Unable to avoid one another--or the teasing--at the rink, and secretly longing to forgive and forget, Jesse and Grace finally discover that "a best friend is the best kind of friend of all." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract:Researchers using questionnaires to elicit preferences must decide whether to include response options that allow respondents to express "no opinion. " Using a split-sample design, we explore the implications of alternative answer formats including and not including no-opinion responses in an attribute-based choice experiment. The results indicate that using multiple no-opinion responses may enable researchers to differentiate between respondents who choose no-opinion options due to satisficing and those expressing utility indifference. Existing literature suggests no-opinion responses may be treated as "no," but our results show treating no-opinion responses as "no" can yield substantially disparate preference estimates.

External fixation can be used for stabilization of the spine in salvage cases, especially in cases of infection of the spine. The advantages of this method are avoiding the needs for internal fixation devices and for postoperative bracing. The literature on this is scant. Reported is a rare case of osteomyelitis of the D2 vertebra with an epidural abscess caused by Actinomyces israeliithat spread from the lung and was treated by decompression and external fixation.

Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane) is a lipid-soluble pesticide that exerts carcinogenic and reprotoxic properties. The mechanisms by which lindane alters testicular function are unclear. Sertoli cells control germ cell proliferation and differentiation through cell–cell communication, including gap junction intercellular communication. Using the 42GPA9 Sertoli cell line, we show that lindane, at a non-cytotoxic dose (50 μM), abolished gap junction intercellular communication (GJIC) between adjacent cells. This change was associated with a time-related diminution and redistribution of Cx43 from the membrane to the cytoplasmic perinuclear region. A similar alteration was observed for ZO-1, a tight junction component associated with Cx43, but not for occludin, an integral tight junction protein. After a 24 h lindane exposure, Cx43 and ZO-1 colocalized within the cytoplasm and no modification of non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated isoforms of Cx43 was observed. By double immunofluorescent labelling we demonstrate that the cytoplasmic Cx43 signal was not present in either the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi apparatus or lysosomes. These results suggest that lindane inhibits GJIC between Sertoli cells and that aberrant Cx43/ZO-1 localization may be responsible for this effect. The alterations in gap junctions induced by lindane in 42GPA9 Sertoli cells are similar to those observed in tumour cells and may be involved in the pathogenesis of neoplastic seminomal proliferation.

A pilot study suggested that oxandrolone, an anabolic steroid, improved strength in boys with Duchenne dystrophy (DD) and indicated the need for a more definitive study.

The plasminogen activator (PA) system is thought to play a major role in the proteolytic events associated with spermatogenesis. The mechanisms controlling the expression of PA and of its major physiological inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1), in the seminiferous epithelium are still unknown. In the present study we analyzed the expression of PA and PAI-1 in a murine Sertoli cell line (42GPA9) in response to stimulation by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) used to activate the phagocytic activity of these cells. Immortalized Sertoli cells cultured under basal conditions secreted predominantly tissue-type PA (tPA) as demonstrated by zymographic analysis and the presence of tPA transcripts. In zymographic experiments a larger molecular weight proteolytic band corresponding to the formation of PA–PAI-1 complex was also observed. The stimulation of immortalized Sertoli cells by LPS resulted in both alteration of the apparent tPA molecular weight to a higher form and transient increase in PAI-1 biosynthesis. The phorbol ester TPA stimulates similarly PAI-1 synthesis in the Sertoli cell line, while 8-bromo-cAMP has no effect. These results suggest for the first time the existence of a direct linkage between molecular events triggered by phagocytosis and regulation of tPA and PAI-1 in Sertoli cells.