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Hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) and Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) are both rarely systemic inflammatory disorders. It may be difficult to differentiate these inflammatory disorders from each other. There are some signs that may help clinicians in the diagnosis such as high ferritin levels for AOSD, and leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia for HS. Hemophagocytic syndrome secondary to Adult-onset Still’s disease was reported rarely in literature. In this article, we aimed to report a patient of 65-year old female diagnosed with HS and AOSD with extremely high serum ferritin levels.

Bu çalışmanın amacı 1996-2016 yılları arasında Türkiye turizm pazarları aylık verilerini kullanarak eşbütünleşme yapısını incelemek ve yakınsaklık hipotezini test etmektir. Yakınsaklık hipotezinin tespiti için 23 önemli ülkeden Türkiye’ye gelen yabancı turist gelişleri verileri kullanılmıştır. Yabancı turist gelişleri verileri yapısal kırılma ve farklı varyanslık içermektedir. Bu özellikler birim kök ve eşbütünleşme test sonuçlarını negatif etkilemektedir. Yapısal kırılma ve farklı varyanslılığın göz ardı edilmesi yakınsak turist gelişlerinin sayısını azaltmaktadır. Yakınsaklık hipotezinin tespiti için geleneksel Dickey Fuller birim kök testi, son yıllarda geliştirilmiş Lagrange multiplier (LM) ve Residual Augmented Least Squares (RALS-LM) testleri kullanılmıştır. Gregory Hansen ve RALS tabanlı eşbütünleşme testleri uzun dönemli denge ilişkisini ortaya çıkarmak için kullanılmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye için turizm pazarlarının çoğunun yakınsak olduğuna dair güçlü kanıtlar ortaya koymuştur. Bu, turizm politikaları ve stratejilerinin yakınsak turizm piyasaları için başarılı olduğu anlamına gelmektedir. Buna ek olarak, yapısal kırılma ve farklı varyanslılığın varlığında farklı turizm piyasaları arasında eşbütünleşik ilişkiler olduğu tespit edilmiştir., The purpose of this study is to examine the cointegration structure and to test the convergence hypothesis in Turkey’s tourism markets with monthly data over the period 1996-2016. To check the existence of convergence, we used international tourist arrivals to Turkey from each of Turkey’s 23 major markets. International tourist arrivals data of Turkey may comprise structural changes and volatility. These attributes may negatively affect the reliability of unit root and cointegration tests outcomes. Ignorance of volatility and breaks leads to decrease in the number of convergent tourism markets. Conventional Dickey Fuller unit root test, recently developed Lagrange multiplier (LM) and Residual Augmented Least Squares (RALS-LM) tests are performed to test the existence of convergence in the tourism market. Gregory Hansen and RALS based cointegration tests are used for checking long run relationship of the tourist arrivals data. The study reveals strong evidence that most of the tourism markets for Turkey are converging. This means that tourism policies and strategies are successful for convergent tourism markets. In addition, there is some long run relationship among the different tourism markets in the presence of structural break and volatility.

OBJECTIVE One-quarter of deaths in children with chronic renal failure is due to cardiovascular complications. Conventional echocardiographic methods are insufficient for evaluating systolic functions in children with chronic renal failure. The aim of the present study was to investigate cardiac functions in children with chronic renal failure by evaluating left atrial volume and functions. METHODS The present cross-sectional observational study included 44 children undergoing dialysis, 16 children with chronic renal failure but not yet on dialysis, and 20 healthy control subjects. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed for all children. Variables regarding to left ventricle and atrium (left atrial systolic force, left atrial systolic force index, left atrial volume, left ventricular mass index, and relative wall thickness) were measured using two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. RESULTS Left atrial systolic force index was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass (p=0.01, r=0.266 and p=0.02, r=0.347, respectively). However, it was positively correlated with both early and late diastolic mitral inflow velocity (r=0.518, p=0.001 and r=0.828, p=0.001, respectively). There were no significant difference among the groups in terms of left atrial systolic force index and left atrial volume. However, left atrial systolic force index was higher in children with chronic renal failure but not yet on dialysis. CONCLUSION Left atrial systolic force was negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure and left ventricular mass. These findings suggested that evaluating left atrial systolic force and left atrial volume were useful to determine diastolic dysfunction and the necessity of dialysis in patient with chronic renal failure.

Neurodegenerative diseases progress slowly, creating increasing physical disability with unpredictable disease trajectories. The disease's life-threatening nature often places these patients in palliative care. There are several factors that complicate the care of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in palliative care units. Owing to physical impairments, there are many communication barriers between patients and staff. Nurses are not able to duplicate the patient's meticulous daily routine leading to caregiver mistrust in the nurse's competencies. Even if the patient is hospitalised, caregivers may not take the much-needed time off to recuperate. The placement of patients with neurodegenerative diseases in palliative care is confusing, since they rarely die during in-hospital treatment but might even get better due to multidisciplinary treatment. Finally, patients and caregivers lack adequate knowledge about disease progression and available help and support programmes. Patients with neurodegenerative diseases urgently need palliative care and nurses and caregivers need better preparation to appropriately deal with these diseases.

Early mobilization and rehabilitation of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) may improve physical function, and reduce the duration of delirium, mechanical ventilation, and ICU length of stay. However, safety concerns are an important barrier to widespread implementation.To synthesize safety data regarding patient mobilization and rehabilitation in the ICU, including falls, removal of endotracheal tubes, removal or dysfunction of intravascular catheters, removal of other catheters/tubes, cardiac arrest, hemodynamic changes, and desaturation.Systematic literature review, including searches of five databases. Eligible studies evaluated patients who received mobilization-related interventions in the ICU. Exclusion criteria included: (1) case series with fewer than 10 patients; (2) majority of patients under 18 years of age; and (3) data not reported to permit calculation of incidence of safety events.Number of patients, mobilization/rehabilitation sessions, potential safety events, and events with negative consequences (e.g., requiring intervention or additional therapy).Heterogeneity was assessed by IPatient mobilization and physical rehabilitation in the ICU appears safe, with a low incidence of potential safety events, and only rare events having any consequences for patient management. Heterogeneity in the definition of safety events across studies emphasizes the importance of implementing existing consensus-based definitions.

Cadmium is an unnecessary and toxic element for plants which enters the soil through different human activities. Heavy elements such as cadmium produced by urban, industrial and agricultural main activities lead to the contamination of water resources. On the other hand, given the increasing need for afforestation in Iran, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive research on fast-growing Populous species and the role of these plants in absorbing heavy metals, including cadmium. For this reason, using Populous seedlings in two control and contaminated areas, the accumulation rate of cadmium metal in the air and ground areas was tested. After the data collection, results were calculated using ANOVA test. The cadmium metal accumulation rate in the contaminated areas of the leave, stem and root is 86 mg/kg, 94 mg/kg and 67 mg/kg, respectively and also the amount of cadmium metal in soil in the depths of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm is 43 mg/kg and 28 mg/kg, respectively. Based on the results obtained from the research, Populous is a species relatively suitable for the accumulation of cadmium in the contaminated soils.

Introduction Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fourth leading cause of chronic morbidity and mortality. Bronchial obstruction and increased pulmonary vascular resistance impairs right atrial functions. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of bronchial obstruction on p wave axis in patients with COPD and usefulness of electrocardiography (ECG) in the evaluation of the severity of COPD. Patients and methods Ninety five patients (64 male and 31 female) included to the study. Patients were in sinus rhythm, with normal ejection fraction and heart chamber sizes. Their respiratory function tests and 12 lead electrocardiograms were obtained at same day. Correlations with severity of COPD and ECG findings including p wave axis, p wave duration, QRS axis, QRS duration were studied. Results The mean age was 58 ± 12 years. Their mean p wave axis was 62 ± 18 degrees. In this study, p wave axis has demonstrated significant positive correlations with stages of COPD and QRS axis but significant negative correlations with FEV1, FEF, BMI and QRS duration. P wave axis increases with increasing stages of COPD. Conclusion Verticalization of the frontal p wave axis may be an early finding of worsening of COPD before occurrences of other ECG changes of hypertrophy and enlargement of right heart chambers such as p pulmonale. Verticalization of the frontal p wave axis reflecting right atrial electrical activity and right heart strain may be a useful parameter for quick estimation of the severity of COPD in an out-patient cared.

Kooperatifler, kamu ve özel sektör kuruluşları yanında bir çok ülkede üçüncü sektör olarak kabul edilmektedir. Türkiye Milli Kooperatifler Birliği (TMKB)’nin 2004 yılı verilerine göre kırsal ve kentsel kooperatif sayısı 58.414 olup ortak sayısı da 7.544.872’ dir. Böylesine önemli bir nüfusun ekonomik çıkarlarını gözeten ve bir kişi birliği olan kooperatiflere değişik vergi kanunlarında çeşitli muafiyetler ve istisnalar getirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada kooperatiflere uygulanan vergilendirme ve muafiyetler üzerinde durulmuştur. Sosyal ekonominin önemli bir unsuru olan kooperatifler AB ülkelerinin ekonomilerinde de önemli fonksiyonlar üstlenmişlerdir. Türkiye’de de kooperatiflere sağlanan vergi indirimleri ve istisnaların kooperatifçilik hareketinin gelişimine katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

There are many situation in which it is necessary to simultaneously monitor two or more correlated quality characteristics. Such problems are referred to as multivariate quality control problems many products quality has been identified with more quality properties and therefore control chart must reflect that properties. In multivariaste quality control, T2 statistics and T2 control chart are used arranging for i, Kalite kontrolünde kontrol kartlarının kullanılması, ürünün kalite özelliğinin dikkate alınması, geniş kabul gören bir yaklaşımdır. Bu nedenle istatistiğin tek değişkeni inceleyen kesiminden geniş ölçüde yararlanılır. Fakat Çoğu ürünün kalitesi birden fazla kalite özelliği ile tanımlanmakta ve böylece uygulanacak kontrol kartının bu özellikleri yansıtacak biçimde olması gerekmektedir. Birden fazla kalite özelliğinin incelendiği Çok değişkenli kalite kontrolünde, amaca uygun olan T2 istatistiği ve onun için düzenlenen T2 kontrol kartı kullanılmaktadır .

Sample size of data, presence of structural break, location and magnitude of potential break, and having with near integrated process might affect the performance of cointegration tests. Engle-Granger (EG) and Johansen Cointegration tests may have erroneous results since they do not take into account possible structural break unlike Gregory – Hansen (GH) cointegration test. In this study, it is argued that the suitable choice of cointegration tests is quite complex, since outcomes of these tests are very sensitive to specifying these properties. The performance of cointegration tests is compared to each other underlying properties. This study presents how standard residual based tests- Engle-Granger and Gregory-Hansen- for cointegration can be implemented if series is near integrated, that is close to a unit root process. For assessing the finite sample performance of these tests, a Monte-Carlo experiment showed that both cointegration tests have relatively better size and power properties depend on break point, break magnitude, sample size of time series and the hypothesized value of AR(1) parameter. To illustrate the findings of the paper, a financial data is analyzed. The practitioners should be careful about the hypothesized value of AR(1) parameter which represents dependency degree of the data. If the autoregressive parameters is very close to one and the break magnitude is high, any test is acceptable for moderate to large sample size. However, one might need very large sample size to have a good power and actual size of the test. Additionally, GH test becomes liberal test unlike EG test as the magnitude of structural break increases.

This paper introduces a contractor quality performance (CQP) evaluation model that measures the quality performance of pavement contractors. The model uses a modified quality function deployment model to support the quality performance measurement that is involved in multiattribute and multiparticipant decision-making and the Delphi method to deal efficiently with the uncertainties in the input data. State DOTs that are in the process of selecting a pavement contractor for a project would benefit from the CQP evaluation model because the system allows a client to expeditiously assess the quality performance of potential pavement contractors in their bidding list. A test case is presented to illustrate the functioning of the model. The model contributes to improve the quality of the nation’s pavements because it enhances the contract administration procedures by reengineering the current contractor assessment, prequalification, and/or selection process within the owner organizations (state departme...

Six Sigma whose aim is perfect the processes was first introduced to the world by Motorola in the 1980s. Since then, those who follow the philosophy of Six Sigma has questioned why a specific shift must be added to process mean before estimating the capability of process. According to the Six Sigma literature, the value that must be added to the process mean is between 1.4 and 1.6 sigma, and generally 1.5 sigma is used for most processes. This study aims to seek answers to the questions which are why this correction is needed and why not any value but 1.5 sigma must be added to the process mean.

Recent studies have shown that learning and memory capacity is disturbed in depressive patients, and it is important to reveal the effects of antidepressant drugs on cognitive function in depressive patients with memory problems. Citalopram, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), is one of the most widely used drugs for the treatment of disorders related to serotonergic dysfunction like depression and anxiety. Contradictory findings exist regarding the effects of SSRIs on memory. The aim of this study is to investigate whether citalopram affects memory in various models of learning and memory tasks in rats. Citalopram (at 20 and 50 mg/kg) significantly shortened the retention latency in the passive avoidance test and prolonged the transfer latency on the second day at 10 and 50 mg/kg doses in the elevated plus-maze test. Citalopram also significantly increased the number of errors (at the 10 mg/kg dose) and prolonged the latency values compared to the control group in both reference and working memory trials in the three-panel runway test. Citalopram also impaired reference memory trials of animals at the 20 mg/kg dose. In conclusion, citalopram impaired cognitive performance in passive avoidance, elevated plus-maze and three-panel runway tasks in naive rats. These effects might be related to serotonergic and nitrergic mechanisms, which need to be investigated in further studies.

The aim of this study was to investigate the locomotor activity and anxiety changes in acute and chronic exposure to cigarette smoke in mice. In the chronic exposure group, mice were exposed to the smoke of 10 cigarettes for 5 days a week, over 5 consecutiveweeks. In the acute group, the mice were exposed to the smoke of 10 cigarettes in one day. Locomotor activity tests and plus-maze tests were performed to determine the locomotor activity and anxiety levels of these mice. In the chronic exposure group, comparing with the both acute exposure and the control groups all parameters tested including distance travelled ( p

Günümüzde ham petrol fiyatlarındaki oynaklık, finansal piyasalarda çalışan uzmanların kaygı ile izledikleri önemli gelişmelerden biridir. Son zamanlarda yaşanan ham petrol fiyatlarındaki artış, tükettiği enerjinin %40’ını petrolden karşılayan ve tükettiği petrolün %90’ını ithal eden bir ülke olan Türkiye ekonomisi için oldukça önemli hale gelmiştir. Çalışmanın amacını, ham petrol varil fiyatı serisinin oynaklık gösterip göstermediklerinin, gösteriyorsa oynaklıklarının yapısının, büyüklüğünün ve sürekliliğinin incelenmesi oluşturmaktadır. Ayrıca bu iktisadi değişkenler için oynaklığın yapısını belirleyen en uygun müdahale modeli elde edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Ocak 1981 - Aralık 2007 dönemi verileri ele alındığında, zaman serisinin durağan olmadığı yapılan birim kök testleri sonucunda görülmüştür. Seride müdahalelerin varlığı nedeniyle serinin durağan dışı olduğu düşüncesiyle seriye müdahale analizi uygulanmıştır. Seride muhtemel üç müdahale olduğu düşünülerek yapılan müdahale analizi sonucunda, sadece bir müdahale değişkeni anlamlı çıkmıştır. Bu analizler sırasında, çeşitli aşamalarda SAS/ETS, Minitab 14 ve Eviews 5.1 kullanılmıştır. Anlamlı çıkan IrakABD kaosu müdahale değişkeni ile petrol fiyatları serisinin gecikmeli değerlerinden ekonometrik bir model oluşturulmaya çalışılmıştır.

Nitrergic relaxations of the isolated duodenum, induced by streptozotocin, were investigated in the experimental 8-week diabetes rat model. The effects of elevated glucose were also examined in the incubated duodenal muscles (in Krebs-Henseleit solution containing 44 mM glucose for 6 h) taken from nondiabetic rats. The relaxations induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and nicotine were significantly reduced in diabetic rats compared with control rats. Incubating of duodenal tissues in medium containing elevated glucose revealed significantly impaired relaxations to EFS and nicotine compared to responses obtained after normal glucose incubation. However, the relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside and papaverine were similar in all groups. Incubating in hyperosmolar solutions containing sucrose, the relaxant responses were not affected. In conclusion, impairment of NO-mediated relaxations in diabetes may be related to hyperglycemia. The alterations caused by elevated glucose are not due to a hyperosmotic effect because the same concentration of sucrose had no effect on the relaxations.

Dear Editor, We have read the study titled “Predictors of postnatal complications and congenital heart diseases in babies of mothers who have prenatal diabetes and who develop diabetes during pregnancy” conducted by Demirpence et al. (1) and published in the edition of 2014 December of the Turkish Archives of Pediatrics with interest. In this research study, a significant subject was emphasized by trying to evaluate postnatal complications, congenital malformations and the variables which might affect presence of cardiovascular anomalies in babies of mothers who had prenatal diabetes and developed diabetes during pregnancy. However, we thought that there were some important methodological problems, when we examined the study in detail. We found that the authors did not consider some important variables which had previously been shown to be related with cardiovascular malformations in different studies (including folic acid and body mass index) and they did not state this as a limitation of their study. The effect of use of folic acid in pregancy in preventing neural tube defects is well known. Current studies have shown that use of folic acid in pregnancy is also effective in preventing cardiovascular anomalies (2). In the study of Demirpence et al. (1), there is no information about the usage of folic acid in the pregnant subjects included in the study. The fact that use of folic acid was not considered in such a study which evaluated pregnancy outcomes and especially malformations is a significant defect in terms of the method of the study. In a meta-analysis performed by Stothard et al. (3), it was shown that obesity in the mother significantly increased the risk of occurence of cardiovascular anomaly in addition to increasing the risk of many congenital anomalies (OR, 1,30; 95% CI, 1,12–1,51). In our country, 30,4% of the women aged 15 years and older are overweight and 20,9% are obese (4). The study group of Demirpence et al. (1) consisted of diabetic mothers and the relation between obesity and diabetes is well-known (5). Considering these two points, the fact that the pregnant women were not evaluated in terms of obesity and that this was not included in logistic regression analysis is again a significant defect. We think that the results of this study may be misleading, because the two variables mentioned above and other variables (for example, smoking) which should have definetely been considered in terms of cardiovascular malformations were not included in the statistical analysis. For example, the result that “ use of insulin increased the possibility of congenital heart disease 1.4–5.5-fold” which was obtained by the investigators and which was not discussed sufficiently is in fact a result which predicts that insulin is teratogenic. However, this may be related with underlying diabetes and other factors which were not considered by the investigators and some of which have been mentioned above. Insulin does not cross the placenta and is the first-line treatment during treatment in a candidate mother with diabetes. In conlusion, confounding factors should be known very well and should be definetely evaluated in such studies in which pregnancy outcomes and especially congenital anomalies are studied. The results which have not been evaluated because of different factors should be stated as study limitations. Keeping the accuracy and preciseness of studies conducted at the highest level possible is very important in terms of developing and pursuing beneficial clinical practices for patients.

İşletmeler faaliyetle bulundukları alanlarda kaynaklanın etkin ve verimli kullanmak durumundadırlar. Bu anlamda işletmeler rekabet gücü geliştirmek için temel uzmanlık alanı dışındaki faaliyetlerinde dış kaynak kullanımına yönelmektedirler. İşletmeler dış kaynak kullanımı ile kaynak tasarrufu sağlamakta, yapı olarak küçülerek daha yal m hale gelmekte ve böylece temel yetenekleri üzerine odaklanmaktadırlar. Otomotiv sanayinde üretim süreci ve üretim sonrası dış kaynak kullanımı uygulamalarının yoğun olarak kullanıldığı bir sektördür. Özellikle otomotiv sanayi işletmelerinin dağıtım kanalları ve lojistik faaliyetlerinde en çok başvurdukları yöntemler arasında yer almaktadır.

WOS: 000386583900008, PubMed ID: 26502082, PurposeTo investigate the effect of resin cement color on the post-cementation shade of thin laminate veneers milled from multilayered glass ceramic blocks for each layer. Materials and MethodsThin slices (N = 180) with two thicknesses (A: 8 x 8x0.55 mm and B: 8x8x0.8 mm; n = 90/group) were obtained from multilayered glass ceramic blocks using a diamond saw. Resin die specimens were prepared (8 x 8 x 4 mm) (n = 180) and divided into two resin cement colors (D: -3. L: +3) and one control group (C: translucent). Each slice was luted to the composite specimens using a dual-curing resin cement under a constant load of 250 g and light-polymerized for 120 seconds. Specimens were placed on a white background and CIELab values for each layer of the blank slices (incisal [In], body [Bo], and cervical [Ce]) were recorded using a dental contact spectrophotometer. The values were calculated as E, and the data were statistically analyzed (one-way ANOVA, Shapiro-Wilk). ResultsMean E values for A and B were significant (p < 0.05) for In (A: 6.2 1.1; B: 6.6 +/- 1.2), Bo (A: 5.1 +/- 2.6; B: 3.9 +/- 1), and Ce (A: 5.3 +/- 2.7; B: 3.8 +/- 1.2). Mean E values for In for D and L for A and B groups were significantly higher (6.3 +/- 1.2; 6.6 +/- 1.2) than Bo and Ce for D (4.4 +/- 2.4; 4.6 +/- 2.6) and L (4.6 +/- 1.4; 4.5 +/- 1.7) groups (p < 0.05), respectively. Mean differences between Bo and Ce for A and B groups were insignificant (p 0.05), while for In the differences were significant. Mean differences between Bo and Ce for A (5.1 +/- 2.6; 5.3 +/- 2.7) and for B (3.9 +/- 1; 3.5 +/- 1.2) groups were insignificant (p 0.05), while for In the differences were significant (6.2 +/- 1.1 for A and 6.6 +/- 1.2 for B). ConclusionThe color changes for body and cervical regions of multilayered ceramic veneers were not affected by resin color or ceramic thickness, but the incisal area was affected. The translucency of each layer in ceramic veneer fabricated with multilayered blanks should be considered for clinical situations.

Bu çalışma, Kronik Hepatit B hastalarının ve İnaktif HBsAg taşıyıcılarının yaşam kalitelerinin incelenmesi amacıyla, tanımlayıcı tipte planlanmıştır. Araştırma; Ege Üniversitesi Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastaları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Hepatit B Polikliniği'nde, Mart-Haziran 2016 tarihlerinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini, Ege Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Enfeksiyon Hastaları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Polikliniği'ne başvuran tüm kronik Hepatit B ve inaktif HBsAg taşıyıcıları oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini, araştırmanın veri toplama süresinde başvuran ve araştırmaya dahil edilme ölçütlerine uyan, araştırmayı katılmayı kabul eden 101 kronik hepatit B hastası ve inaktif HBsAg taşıyıcısı oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında literatür ve benzer çalışmalardan yararlanılarak araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan hastaların kişisel bilgilerini içeren hasta tanıtım formu (EK-II), Türkçe'ye uyarlamasını Pınar ve arkadaşlarının yaptığı (2009) Hepatit B Yaşam Kalitesi Ölçeği (EK-III) kullanılmıştır. Veriler araştırmacı tarafından hastalarla yüzyüze görüşülerek elde edilmiştir. Hastalardan elde edilen veriler taşıyıcı veya kronik olma durumlarına göre; hastalığa özgü yaşam kalitesi açısından IBM SPSS versiyon 21.0 paket programında analiz edilmiştir. Veri analizinde tüm değişkenlere ait sayı ve yüzdelerin yer aldığı frekans tabloları oluşturulmuştur. Kategorik değişkenlerin incelenmesinde ise çapraz tablolardan ve ki-kare analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Sürekli verilerin normal dağılıp dağılmadığının incelenmesinde, Shapiro-Wilk normallik testi kullanılmıştır. İki bağımsız grup karşılaştırılmasında Mann Whitney U testi, ikiden çok grubun karşılaştırılmasında ise Kruskal-Wallis testi kullanılmıştır. Tüm hipotez testlerinde anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 alınmıştır.Çalışma grubundaki toplam 101 hastanın ; %40,6'sını (n=41) kadınlar, %59,4'ünü (n=60) erkekler oluşturmaktadır. Tüm hastaların yaş ortalaması 46,69 ± 11,43 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Hastaların %63,4'ünü (n=64) inaktif HBsAg taşıyıcıları, %36,6'sını (n=37) kronik Hepatit B hastaları oluşturmaktadır. İnaktif HBsAg taşıyıcılarının yaşam kalitesi ortalaması 90,91 ± 7,55 , kronik Hepatit B hastalarının yaşam kalitesi ortalaması 86,65 ± 8,99 , tüm grubun yaşam kalitesi ortalaması 89,35 ± 8,32 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Kronik Hepatit B hastaları ile inaktif HBsAg taşıyıcılarının yaşam kalitesi arasında anlamlı fark bulunmuştur (p=0,03 ; p