1,852 results on '"Fleming, T"'
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202. Half-Title Page, Title Page, Copyright, Epigraph
- Author
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Fleming, Theodore H.
- Published
- 2022
203. Marijuana, juveniles and the police: what high-school students believe about detection and enforcement
- Author
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Fleming, T, O'Reilly, P, Clark, B, Fleming, T ( T ), O'Reilly, P ( P ), Clark, B ( B ), Warner, J, Fischer, B, Albanes, R, Amitay, O, Fleming, T, O'Reilly, P, Clark, B, Fleming, T ( T ), O'Reilly, P ( P ), Clark, B ( B ), Warner, J, Fischer, B, Albanes, R, and Amitay, O
- Published
- 2002
204. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
- Author
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Rabiee R.H.S., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Keiyoro P.N., Lyons R.A., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Skogen J.C., Savic M., Kokubo Y., Kolte D., McGarvey S.T., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kudom A.A., Polinder S., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lam H., Lam J.O., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Langan S.M., McKee M., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Leung R., Levi M., Li Y., Liang J., Liu Y., Phillips M.R., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Marcenes W., Meaney P.A., Margolis D.J., Martinez-Raga J., McMahon B.J., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Monasta L., Montico M., Ronfani L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Westerman R., Paternina Caicedo A.J., Murdoch M.E., Seedat S., Wiysonge C.S., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie Pete P.M., Nolla J.M., Nunes B.P., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Ohkubo T., Olivares P.R., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz A., Ota E., Park E., Passos V.M.D.A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Pesudovs K., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Platts-Mills J.A., Pond C.D., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Refaat A.H., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Sagar R., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Sahathevan R., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sawhney M., Schaub M.P., Schneider I.J.C., Silva D.A.S., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Sharma U., Shin M., Yoon S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silveira D.G.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Soreide K., Sliwa K., Stein D.J., Soriano J.B., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stovner L.J., Steinke S., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Takala J.S., Tanne D., Terkawi A.S., Tuzcu E.M., Thomson A.J., Thurston G.D., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Truelsen T., Tsala Dimbuene Z., Tsilimbaris M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., van Gool C.H., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Waller S.G., Weichenthal S., White R.A., Williams H.C., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaki M.E., Zeeb H., Zuhlke L.J., Vos T., Allen C., Arora M., Barber R.M., Brown A., Carter A., Casey D.C., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Coggeshall M., Cornaby L., Dandona L., Dicker D.J., Dilegge T., Erskine H.E., Ferrari A.J., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T., Forouzanfar M.H., Fullman N., Goldberg E.M., Graetz N., Haagsma J.A., Hay S.I., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Kawashima T., Kemmer L., Khalil I.A., Kyu H.H., Leung J., Lim S.S., Lopez A.D., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Nguyen G., Nsoesie E., Olsen H., Pigott D.M., Pinho C., Rankin Z., Reinig N., Sandar L., Smith A., Stanaway J., Steiner C., Teeple S., Thomas B.A., Troeger C., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Wanga V., Whiteford H.A., Zoeckler L., Alexander L.T., Anderson G.M., Bell B., Bienhoff K., Biryukov S., Blore J., Brown J., Coates M.M., Daoud F., Estep K., Foreman K., Fox J., Friedman J., Frostad J., Godwin W.W., Hancock J., Huynh C., Iannarone M., Kim P., Kutz M., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Rao P., Reitsma M.B., Reynolds A., Roth G.A., Shackelford K.A., Sivonda A., Sligar A., Sorensen R.J.D., Sur P., Vollset S.E., Woodbrook R., Zhou M., Murray C.J.L., Ellenbogen R.G., Kotsakis G.A., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Jensen P.N., Watkins D.A., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Rahimi K., Kinfu Y., Duan L., Liu S., Jin Y., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Gibney K.B., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Patton G.C., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Lozano R., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano J.C., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Rios Blancas M.J., Servan-Mori E.E., Mensah G.A., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Wagner G.R., Osman M., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abraham B., Abubakar I., Banerjee A., Benzian H., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Ackerman I.N., Buchbinder R., Gabbe B., Thrift A.G., Adebiyi A.O., Akinyemi R.O., Adou A.K., Afanvi K.A., Agardh E.E., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Norrving B., Ahmadieh H., Yaseri M., Jahanmehr N., Al-Aly Z., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Alegretti M.A., Alemu Z.A., Alhabib S., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Melaku Y.A., Ciobanu L.G., Amberbir A., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Aregay A.F., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Yebyo H.G., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu A., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Hay R.J., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Bhala N., Piel F.B., Steiner T.J., Bhatt S., Greaves F., Majeed A., Soljak M., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Mitchell P.B., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Lo W.D., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Buckle G.C., Butt Z.A., Lal A., Carabin H., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Choi J.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cooper C., Cortinovis Biotech M.D., Giussani Biol G., Perico D.N., Remuzzi G., Crump J.A., Derrett S., Poulton R.G., Damtew S.A., Deribe K., Hailu A.D., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Jibat T., Taye B., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Massano J., Santos J.V., Davey G., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Dellavalle R.P., Des Jarlais D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Ganguly P., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Verma R.K., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Ebrahimi H., Pishgar F., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Heydarpour P., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Elyazar I., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Te Ao B.J., Kwan G.F., Felson D.T., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Fischer F., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Furst T., Iyer V.J., Gankpe F.G., Gebre T., Geleijnse J.M., Gessner B.D., Ginawi I.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Tura A.K., Glaser E., Halasa Y.A., Shepard D.S., Undurraga E.A., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Goto A., Inoue M., Grainger R., Gupta R., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Knudsen A.K., Norheim O.F., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hoek H.W., Skirbekk V., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Huang H., Iburg K.M., Innos K., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobsen K.H., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Prabhakaran D., Jiang Y., Jimenez-Corona A., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., Kesavachandran C.N., Rabiee R.H.S., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Keiyoro P.N., Lyons R.A., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Skogen J.C., Savic M., Kokubo Y., Kolte D., McGarvey S.T., Kosen S., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate Defo B., Kucuk Bicer B., Kudom A.A., Polinder S., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lam H., Lam J.O., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Langan S.M., McKee M., Lavados P.M., Leasher J.L., Leung R., Levi M., Li Y., Liang J., Liu Y., Phillips M.R., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Looker K.J., Lunevicius R., Mackay M.T., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Mahdavi M., Marcenes W., Meaney P.A., Margolis D.J., Martinez-Raga J., McMahon B.J., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memiah P., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Monasta L., Montico M., Ronfani L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Westerman R., Paternina Caicedo A.J., Murdoch M.E., Seedat S., Wiysonge C.S., Nagel G., Rothenbacher D., Naheed A., Naldi L., Nangia V., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie Pete P.M., Nolla J.M., Nunes B.P., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Ohkubo T., Olivares P.R., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Ortiz A., Ota E., Park E., Passos V.M.D.A., Patten S.B., Tonelli M., Pereira D.M., Perez-Padilla R., Pesudovs K., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Platts-Mills J.A., Pond C.D., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rai R.K., Rajsic S., Refaat A.H., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Sagar R., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Sahathevan R., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sartorius B., Sawhney M., Schaub M.P., Schneider I.J.C., Silva D.A.S., Schottker B., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Sharma U., Shin M., Yoon S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Silveira D.G.A., Singh O.P., Singh P.K., Soreide K., Sliwa K., Stein D.J., Soriano J.B., Sposato L.A., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stovner L.J., Steinke S., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Takala J.S., Tanne D., Terkawi A.S., Tuzcu E.M., Thomson A.J., Thurston G.D., Tobe-Gai R., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Truelsen T., Tsala Dimbuene Z., Tsilimbaris M., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., Uneke C.J., Uthman O.A., van Gool C.H., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Vladimirov S.K., Vlassov V.V., Waller S.G., Weichenthal S., White R.A., Williams H.C., Wubshet M., Xavier D., Xu G., Yan L.L., Yano Y., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zaki M.E., Zeeb H., Zuhlke L.J., Vos T., Allen C., Arora M., Barber R.M., Brown A., Carter A., Casey D.C., Charlson F.J., Chen A.Z., Coggeshall M., Cornaby L., Dandona L., Dicker D.J., Dilegge T., Erskine H.E., Ferrari A.J., Fitzmaurice C., Fleming T., Forouzanfar M.H., Fullman N., Goldberg E.M., Graetz N., Haagsma J.A., Hay S.I., Johnson C.O., Kassebaum N.J., Kawashima T., Kemmer L., Khalil I.A., Kyu H.H., Leung J., Lim S.S., Lopez A.D., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Naghavi M., Nguyen G., Nsoesie E., Olsen H., Pigott D.M., Pinho C., Rankin Z., Reinig N., Sandar L., Smith A., Stanaway J., Steiner C., Teeple S., Thomas B.A., Troeger C., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Wanga V., Whiteford H.A., Zoeckler L., Alexander L.T., Anderson G.M., Bell B., Bienhoff K., Biryukov S., Blore J., Brown J., Coates M.M., Daoud F., Estep K., Foreman K., Fox J., Friedman J., Frostad J., Godwin W.W., Hancock J., Huynh C., Iannarone M., Kim P., Kutz M., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Mooney M.D., Moradi-Lakeh M., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Rao P., Reitsma M.B., Reynolds A., Roth G.A., Shackelford K.A., Sivonda A., Sligar A., Sorensen R.J.D., Sur P., Vollset S.E., Woodbrook R., Zhou M., Murray C.J.L., Ellenbogen R.G., Kotsakis G.A., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Jensen P.N., Watkins D.A., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Rahimi K., Kinfu Y., Duan L., Liu S., Jin Y., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Gibney K.B., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Patton G.C., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Lozano R., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano J.C., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Rios Blancas M.J., Servan-Mori E.E., Mensah G.A., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Wagner G.R., Osman M., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abraham B., Abubakar I., Banerjee A., Benzian H., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abu-Rmeileh N.M., Ackerman I.N., Buchbinder R., Gabbe B., Thrift A.G., Adebiyi A.O., Akinyemi R.O., Adou A.K., Afanvi K.A., Agardh E.E., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad Kiadaliri A., Norrving B., Ahmadieh H., Yaseri M., Jahanmehr N., Al-Aly Z., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Alegretti M.A., Alemu Z.A., Alhabib S., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Carrero J.J., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Al-Raddadi R., Alsharif U., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Melaku Y.A., Ciobanu L.G., Amberbir A., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Aregay A.F., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Yebyo H.G., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Bacha U., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu A., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Hay R.J., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Bhala N., Piel F.B., Steiner T.J., Bhatt S., Greaves F., Majeed A., Soljak M., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Mitchell P.B., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Lo W.D., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Buckle G.C., Butt Z.A., Lal A., Carabin H., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo Rivas J., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibueze C.E., Chisumpa V.H., Choi J.J., Chowdhury R., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cirillo M., Cooper C., Cortinovis Biotech M.D., Giussani Biol G., Perico D.N., Remuzzi G., Crump J.A., Derrett S., Poulton R.G., Damtew S.A., Deribe K., Hailu A.D., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Jibat T., Taye B., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Massano J., Santos J.V., Davey G., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., De Leo D., Del Gobbo L.C., Dellavalle R.P., Des Jarlais D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Ganguly P., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Verma R.K., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Ebrahimi H., Pishgar F., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Heydarpour P., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Elyazar I., Endres M., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Te Ao B.J., Kwan G.F., Felson D.T., Fernandes J.G., Fernandes J.C., Fischer F., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Furst T., Iyer V.J., Gankpe F.G., Gebre T., Geleijnse J.M., Gessner B.D., Ginawi I.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Tura A.K., Glaser E., Halasa Y.A., Shepard D.S., Undurraga E.A., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Goto A., Inoue M., Grainger R., Gupta R., Gupta V., Gutierrez R.A., Knudsen A.K., Norheim O.F., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hammami M., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hoek H.W., Skirbekk V., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Huang H., Iburg K.M., Innos K., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobsen K.H., Jakovljevic M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Prabhakaran D., Jiang Y., Jimenez-Corona A., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., and Kesavachandran C.N.
- Abstract
Background Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60 900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9.3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year. In 2015, two causes had acute incidences in excess of 1 billion: upper respiratory infections (17.2 bi
- Published
- 2016
205. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.
- Author
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Abraham B., Patil S.T., Patten S.B., Wang J., Pereira D.M., Cortinovis M., Giussani G., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Pesudovs K., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Tobollik M., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Pope C.A., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rana S.M., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rajsic S., Rai R.K., Raju M., Ranganathan K., Refaat A.H., Rehm C.D., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Rothenbacher D., Saleh M.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Riera L., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schmidhuber J., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Silva D.A.S., Shahraz S., Shin M., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Shigematsu M., Yoon S., Shishani K., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Silveira D.G.A., Silverberg J.I., Yano Y., Soneji S., Stranges S., Steckling N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Talongwa R.T., Tanne D., Tuzcu E.M., Thakur J., Shaddick G., Thomas M.L., Thrift A.G., Thurston G.D., Thomson A.J., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Towbin J.A., Uthman O.A., Tobe-Gai R., Tsilimparis N., Tsala Z., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., van Os J., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Waller S.G., Uneke C.J., Wang Y., Weichenthal S., Woolf A.D., Xavier D., Xu G., Yakob B., Yip P., Kesavachandran C.N., Montico M., Ronfani L., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Wubshet M., Zuhlke L.J., Zaki M.E., Zhu J., Forouzanfar M.H., Afshin A., Alexander L.T., Biryukov S., Brauer M., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Cohen A.J., Dandona L., Estep K., Ferrari A.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Godwin W.W., Griswold M., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Larson H.J., Lim S.S., Liu P.Y., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Moradi-Lakeh M., Naghavi M., Reitsma M.B., Roth G.A., Sur P.J., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Barber R.M., Bell B., Blore J.D., Casey D.C., Coates M.M., Cooperrider K., Cornaby L., Dicker D., Erskine H.E., Fleming T., Foreman K., Gakidou E., Haagsma J.A., Johnson C.O., Kemmer L., Ku T., Leung J., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Misganaw A., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Olsen H., Rao P., Reinig N., Roman Y., Sandar L., Santomauro D.F., Slepak E.L., Sorensen R.J.D., Thomas B.A., Vollset S.E., Whiteford H.A., Zipkin B., Murray C.J.L., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Anderson H.R., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Krueger H., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Burnett R., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Veerman J.L., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Goenka S., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Darby S.C., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Jha V., Kinfu Y., McKee M., Murthy G.V.S., Pearce N., Stockl H., Duan L., Jin Y., Li Y., Liu S., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Patton G.C., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Wijeratne T., Batis C., Barquera S., Campos-Nonato I.R., Contreras A.G., Cuevas-Nasu L., De V., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Medina C., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Razo-Garcia C.A., Rivera J.A., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shamah T., Mensah G.A., Hoff H.J., Neal B., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Bhatt S., Furst T., Piel F.B., Rodriguez A., Hutchings S.J., Majeed A., Soljak M., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Cahill L.E., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Khatibzadeh S., Wagner G.R., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Aasvang G.M., Savic M., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Melaku Y.A., Abyu G.Y., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Tekle D.Y., Yalew A.Z., Abu-Raddad L.J., Adebiyi A.O., Adedeji I.A., Adou A.K., Adsuar J.C., Agardh E.E., Rehm J., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad A., Akinyemiju T.F., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Al-Aly Z., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Terkawi A.S., Aldridge R.W., Tillmann T., Alemu Z.A., Tegegne T.K., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Rabiee R.H.S., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Kivipelto M., Carrero J.J., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Sindi S., Alsharif U., Alvarez E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Ciobanu L.G., Taye B.W., Amberbir A., Amegah A.K., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Faraon E.J.A., Anwari P., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala B.P., Bacha U., Bahit M.C., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., del Pozo-Cruz B., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Del L.C., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Bello A.K., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Hassen T.A., Mesfin Y.M., Bhala N., Bhansali A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Bourne R.R.A., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Schottker B., Broday D.M., Brugha T.S., Brunekreef B., Kromhout H., Butt Z.A., van Donkelaar A., Martin R.V., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo J., Castro R.E., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibalabala M., Chimed-Ochir O., Jiang Y., Takahashi K., Chisumpa V.H., Mapoma C.C., Chitheer A.A., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper L.T., Crump J.A., Poulton R.G., Damasceno A., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., Davletov K., de Castro E.F., De D., Dellavalle R.P., Des D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Lal D.K., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Elyazar I., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Esteghamati A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Sheikhbahaei S., Fahimi S., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Hassanvand M.S., Heydarpour P., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Yaseri M., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Fernandes J.G., Fischer F., Foigt N., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Geleijnse J.M., Jibat T., Gessner B.D., Tefera W., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Manamo W.A.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Martinez-Raga J., Gomez-Cabrera M.C., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Inoue M., Gugnani H.C., Gupta R., Gutierrez R.A., Orozco R., Halasa Y.A., Undurraga E.A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hernandez-Llanes N.F., Hoek H.W., Tura A.K., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Husseini A., Huybrechts I., Iburg K.M., Idrisov B.T., Kwan G.F., Ileanu B.V., Pana A., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobs T.A., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jansen H.A.F., Jassal S.K., Stein M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., She J., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Kazi D.S., Keiyoro P.N., Parry C.D., Kengne A.P., Matzopoulos R., Wiysonge C.S., Stein D.J., Mayosi B.M., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kokubo Y., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate B., Kuchenbecker R.S., Kucuk B., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lan Q., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Levi M., Li X., Liang J., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Lunevicius R., Pope D., Mahdavi M., Malta D.C., Marcenes W., Matsushita K., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mensink G.B.M., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Mola G.L.D., Monasta L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Mori R., Mozaff D., Shi P., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Paternina A.J., Westerman R., Seedat S., Naheed A., Nangia V., Nassiri N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie P.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Nyakarahuka L., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Oladimeji O., Sartorius B., Olusanya B.O., Olivares P.R., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Mahesh P.A., Park E., Patel T., Abraham B., Patil S.T., Patten S.B., Wang J., Pereira D.M., Cortinovis M., Giussani G., Perico N., Remuzzi G., Pesudovs K., Phillips M.R., Pillay J.D., Plass D., Tobollik M., Polinder S., Pond C.D., Pope C.A., Prasad N.M., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Rafay A., Rana S.M., Rahman M., Rahman S.U., Rajsic S., Rai R.K., Raju M., Ranganathan K., Refaat A.H., Rehm C.D., Ribeiro A.L., Rojas-Rueda D., Roy A., Satpathy M., Tandon N., Rothenbacher D., Saleh M.M., Sanabria J.R., Sanchez-Riera L., Sanchez-Nino M.D., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sawhney M., Schmidhuber J., Schneider I.J.C., Schutte A.E., Silva D.A.S., Shahraz S., Shin M., Shaheen A., Shaikh M.A., Sharma R., Shigematsu M., Yoon S., Shishani K., Sigfusdottir I.D., Singh P.K., Silveira D.G.A., Silverberg J.I., Yano Y., Soneji S., Stranges S., Steckling N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stathopoulou V., Stroumpoulis K., Sunguya B.F., Swaminathan S., Sykes B.L., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Talongwa R.T., Tanne D., Tuzcu E.M., Thakur J., Shaddick G., Thomas M.L., Thrift A.G., Thurston G.D., Thomson A.J., Topor-Madry R., Topouzis F., Towbin J.A., Uthman O.A., Tobe-Gai R., Tsilimparis N., Tsala Z., Tyrovolas S., Ukwaja K.N., van Os J., Vasankari T., Venketasubramanian N., Violante F.S., Waller S.G., Uneke C.J., Wang Y., Weichenthal S., Woolf A.D., Xavier D., Xu G., Yakob B., Yip P., Kesavachandran C.N., Montico M., Ronfani L., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Yonemoto N., Younis M.Z., Wubshet M., Zuhlke L.J., Zaki M.E., Zhu J., Forouzanfar M.H., Afshin A., Alexander L.T., Biryukov S., Brauer M., Cercy K., Charlson F.J., Cohen A.J., Dandona L., Estep K., Ferrari A.J., Frostad J.J., Fullman N., Godwin W.W., Griswold M., Hay S.I., Kyu H.H., Larson H.J., Lim S.S., Liu P.Y., Lopez A.D., Lozano R., Marczak L., Mokdad A.H., Moradi-Lakeh M., Naghavi M., Reitsma M.B., Roth G.A., Sur P.J., Vos T., Wagner J.A., Wang H., Zhao Y., Zhou M., Barber R.M., Bell B., Blore J.D., Casey D.C., Coates M.M., Cooperrider K., Cornaby L., Dicker D., Erskine H.E., Fleming T., Foreman K., Gakidou E., Haagsma J.A., Johnson C.O., Kemmer L., Ku T., Leung J., Masiye F., Millear A., Mirarefin M., Misganaw A., Mullany E., Mumford J.E., Ng M., Olsen H., Rao P., Reinig N., Roman Y., Sandar L., Santomauro D.F., Slepak E.L., Sorensen R.J.D., Thomas B.A., Vollset S.E., Whiteford H.A., Zipkin B., Murray C.J.L., Mock C.N., Anderson B.O., Futran N.D., Anderson H.R., Bhutta Z.A., Nisar M.I., Akseer N., Krueger H., Gotay C.C., Kissoon N., Kopec J.A., Pourmalek F., Burnett R., Abajobir A.A., Knibbs L.D., Veerman J.L., Lalloo R., Scott J.G., Alam N.K.M., Gouda H.N., Guo Y., McGrath J.J., Jeemon P., Dandona R., Goenka S., Kumar G.A., Gething P.W., Bisanzio D., Deribew A., Darby S.C., Ali R., Bennett D.A., Jha V., Kinfu Y., McKee M., Murthy G.V.S., Pearce N., Stockl H., Duan L., Jin Y., Li Y., Liu S., Wang L., Ye P., Liang X., Azzopardi P., Patton G.C., Meretoja A., Alam K., Borschmann R., Colquhoun S.M., Weintraub R.G., Szoeke C.E.I., Ademi Z., Taylor H.R., Wijeratne T., Batis C., Barquera S., Campos-Nonato I.R., Contreras A.G., Cuevas-Nasu L., De V., Gomez-Dantes H., Heredia-Pi I.B., Medina C., Mejia-Rodriguez F., Montanez Hernandez J.C., Razo-Garcia C.A., Rivera J.A., Rodriguez-Ramirez S., Sanchez-Pimienta T.G., Servan-Mori E.E., Shamah T., Mensah G.A., Hoff H.J., Neal B., Driscoll T.R., Kemp A.H., Leigh J., Mekonnen A.B., Bhatt S., Furst T., Piel F.B., Rodriguez A., Hutchings S.J., Majeed A., Soljak M., Salomon J.A., Thorne-Lyman A.L., Ajala O.N., Barnighausen T., Cahill L.E., Ding E.L., Farvid M.S., Khatibzadeh S., Wagner G.R., Shrime M.G., Fitchett J.R.A., Aasvang G.M., Savic M., Abate K.H., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremedhin A.T., Abbafati C., Abbas K.M., Abd-Allah F., Abdulle A.M., Abera S.F., Melaku Y.A., Abyu G.Y., Betsu B.D., Hailu G.B., Tekle D.Y., Yalew A.Z., Abu-Raddad L.J., Adebiyi A.O., Adedeji I.A., Adou A.K., Adsuar J.C., Agardh E.E., Rehm J., Badawi A., Popova S., Agarwal A., Ahmad A., Akinyemiju T.F., Schwebel D.C., Singh J.A., Al-Aly Z., Aldhahri S.F., Altirkawi K.A., Terkawi A.S., Aldridge R.W., Tillmann T., Alemu Z.A., Tegegne T.K., Alkerwi A., Alla F., Guillemin F., Allebeck P., Rabiee R.H.S., Fereshtehnejad S.M., Kivipelto M., Carrero J.J., Weiderpass E., Havmoeller R., Sindi S., Alsharif U., Alvarez E., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Ciobanu L.G., Taye B.W., Amberbir A., Amegah A.K., Amini H., Karema C.K., Ammar W., Harb H.L., Amrock S.M., Andersen H.H., Antonio C.A.T., Faraon E.J.A., Anwari P., Arnlov J., Larsson A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asghar R.J., Assadi R., Atique S., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Ayala B.P., Bacha U., Bahit M.C., Balakrishnan K., Barac A., Barker-Collo S.L., del Pozo-Cruz B., Mohammed S., Barregard L., Petzold M., Barrero L.H., Basu S., Del L.C., Bazargan-Hejazi S., Beardsley J., Bedi N., Beghi E., Sheth K.N., Bell M.L., Huang J.J., Bello A.K., Santos I.S., Bensenor I.M., Lotufo P.A., Berhane A., Wolfe C.D., Bernabe E., Roba H.S., Beyene A.S., Hassen T.A., Mesfin Y.M., Bhala N., Bhansali A., Biadgilign S., Bikbov B., Bjertness E., Htet A.S., Boufous S., Degenhardt L., Resnikoff S., Calabria B., Bourne R.R.A., Brainin M., Brazinova A., Majdan M., Shen J., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Schottker B., Broday D.M., Brugha T.S., Brunekreef B., Kromhout H., Butt Z.A., van Donkelaar A., Martin R.V., Cardenas R., Carpenter D.O., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castillo J., Castro R.E., Catala-Lopez F., Chang J., Chiang P.P., Chibalabala M., Chimed-Ochir O., Jiang Y., Takahashi K., Chisumpa V.H., Mapoma C.C., Chitheer A.A., Choi J.J., Christensen H., Christopher D.J., Cooper L.T., Crump J.A., Poulton R.G., Damasceno A., Dargan P.I., das Neves J., Davis A.C., Newton J.N., Steel N., Davletov K., de Castro E.F., De D., Dellavalle R.P., Des D.C., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhillon P.K., Lal D.K., Zodpey S., Diaz-Torne C., Dorsey E.R., Doyle K.E., Dubey M., Rahman M.H.U., Ram U., Singh A., Yadav A.K., Duncan B.B., Kieling C., Schmidt M.I., Elyazar I., Endries A.Y., Ermakov S.P., Eshrati B., Farzadfar F., Kasaeian A., Parsaeian M., Esteghamati A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Sheikhbahaei S., Fahimi S., Malekzadeh R., Roshandel G., Sepanlou S.G., Hassanvand M.S., Heydarpour P., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Yaseri M., Farid T.A., Khan A.R., Farinha C.S.E.S., Faro A., Feigin V.L., Fernandes J.G., Fischer F., Foigt N., Shiue I., Fowkes F.G.R., Franklin R.C., Garcia-Basteiro A.L., Geleijnse J.M., Jibat T., Gessner B.D., Tefera W., Giref A.Z., Haile D., Manamo W.A.A., Giroud M., Gishu M.D., Martinez-Raga J., Gomez-Cabrera M.C., Gona P., Goodridge A., Gopalani S.V., Goto A., Inoue M., Gugnani H.C., Gupta R., Gutierrez R.A., Orozco R., Halasa Y.A., Undurraga E.A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Handal A.J., Hankey G.J., Hao Y., Harikrishnan S., Haro J.M., Hernandez-Llanes N.F., Hoek H.W., Tura A.K., Horino M., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hoy D.G., Hsairi M., Hu G., Husseini A., Huybrechts I., Iburg K.M., Idrisov B.T., Kwan G.F., Ileanu B.V., Pana A., Kawakami N., Shibuya K., Jacobs T.A., Jacobsen K.H., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M.B., Jansen H.A.F., Jassal S.K., Stein M.B., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S.P., Jayatilleke A.U., Jee S.H., Jonas J.B., Kabir Z., Kalkonde Y., Kamal R., She J., Kan H., Karch A., Karimkhani C., Kaul A., Kazi D.S., Keiyoro P.N., Parry C.D., Kengne A.P., Matzopoulos R., Wiysonge C.S., Stein D.J., Mayosi B.M., Keren A., Khader Y.S., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.H., Won S., Khera S., Tavakkoli M., Khoja T.A.M., Khubchandani J., Kim C., Kim D., Kimokoti R.W., Kokubo Y., Koul P.A., Koyanagi A., Kravchenko M., Varakin Y.Y., Kuate B., Kuchenbecker R.S., Kucuk B., Kuipers E.J., Lallukka T., Shiri R., Meretoja T.J., Lan Q., Latif A.A., Lawrynowicz A.E.B., Leasher J.L., Levi M., Li X., Liang J., Lloyd B.K., Logroscino G., Lunevicius R., Pope D., Mahdavi M., Malta D.C., Marcenes W., Matsushita K., Nachega J.B., Tran B.X., Meaney P.A., Mehari A., Tedla B.A., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Mensink G.B.M., Mhimbira F.A., Miller T.R., Mills E.J., Mohammadi A., Mola G.L.D., Monasta L., Morawska L., Norman R.E., Mori R., Mozaff D., Shi P., Werdecker A., Mueller U.O., Paternina A.J., Westerman R., Seedat S., Naheed A., Nangia V., Nassiri N., Nguyen Q.L., Nkamedjie P.M., Norheim O.F., Norrving B., Nyakarahuka L., Obermeyer C.M., Ogbo F.A., Oh I., Oladimeji O., Sartorius B., Olusanya B.O., Olivares P.R., Olusanya J.O., Opio J.N., Oren E., Ortiz A., Ota E., Mahesh P.A., Park E., and Patel T.
- Abstract
Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 provides an up-to-date synthesis of the evidence for risk factor exposure and the attributable burden of disease. By providing national and subnational assessments spanning the past 25 years, this study can inform debates on the importance of addressing risks in context. Methods We used the comparative risk assessment framework developed for previous iterations of the Global Burden of Disease Study to estimate attributable deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and trends in exposure by age group, sex, year, and geography for 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks from 1990 to 2015. This study included 388 risk-outcome pairs that met World Cancer Research Fund-defined criteria for convincing or probable evidence. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from randomised controlled trials, cohorts, pooled cohorts, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. We developed a metric that allows comparisons of exposure across risk factors-the summary exposure value. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk level, we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We decomposed trends in attributable burden into contributions from population growth, population age structure, risk exposure, and risk-deleted cause-specific DALY rates. We characterised risk exposure in relation to a Socio-demographic Index (SDI). Findings Between 1990 and 2015, global exposure to unsafe sanitation, household air pollution, childhood underweight, childhood stunting, and smoking each decreased by more than 25%. Global exposure for several occupational risks, high body-mass index (BMI), and drug use increased by more than 25% over the same period. All risks jointly evaluated in 2015 accou
- Published
- 2016
206. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Kassebaum, NJ, Barber, RM, Bhutta, ZA, Dandona, L, Gething, PW, Hay, SI, Kinfu, Y, Larson, HJ, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Mensah, GA, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Pinho, C, Salomon, JA, Steiner, C, Vos, T, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdallat, MA, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abubakar, I, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adelekan, AL, Adou, AK, Afanvi, KA, Agarwal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ajala, ON, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, NKM, Alasfoor, D, Aldhahri, SF, Aldridge, RW, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amberbir, A, Amegah, AK, Ammar, W, Amrock, SM, Andersen, HH, Anderson, GM, Antoine, RM, Antonio, CAT, Aregay, AF, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Arsenijevic, VSA, Al, A, Asayesh, H, Atique, S, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayou, TA, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, NW, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Betsu, BD, Beyene, AS, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Biroscak, BJ, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bjertness, E, Blore, JD, Brainin, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Butt, ZA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Campuzano, JC, Cardenas, R, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Castaneda-Oquela, CA, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Cavalleri, F, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Chavan, L, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, SM, Cooper, C, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Dahiru, T, Damasceno, A, Danawi, H, Dandona, R, Das Neves, J, De Leo, D, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Jarlais, DCD, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, DJ, Ding, EL, Dossou, E, Dubey, M, Ebel, BE, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Fitchett, JRA, Fleming, T, Gt, NF, Franca, EB, Franklin, RC, Fraser, MS, Friedman, J, Pullman, N, Furst, T, Futran, ND, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremedhin, M, Gebru, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Giroud, M, Gishu, MD, Glaser, E, Goenka, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Harb, HL, Harikrishnan, S, Harun, KM, Havmoeller, R, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huybrechts, I, Huynh, C, Iannarone, M, Iburg, KM, Idrisov, BT, Iyer, VJ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jee, SH, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jibat, T, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karletsos, D, Kasaeian, A, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kayibanda, JF, Kazanjan, K, Kazi, DS, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khonelidze, I, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, LD, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Krishnaswami, S, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kudom, AA, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, C, Kumar, GA, Kutz, MJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lamadrid-Figueroa, H, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Li, Y, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, PY, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lloyd, BK, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Margolis, DJ, Marquez, N, Masiye, F, Marzan, MB, Mason-Jones, AJ, Mazorodze, TT, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Mena-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, AB, Melaku, YA, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mhimbira, FA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Mola, GLD, Monasta, L, Monis, JDLC, Hernandez, JCM, Montero, P, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mueller, U, Murthy, GVS, Murthy, S, Nachega, JB, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Nash, D, Neupane, S, Newton, JN, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguhiu, P, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norman, RE, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Ojelabi, FA, Olivares, PR, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ota, E, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pain, A, Papantoniou, N, Park, E-K, Park, H-Y, Caicedo, AJP, Patten, SB, Paul, VK, Pereira, DM, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Rangaswamy, T, Rao, PV, Refaat, AH, Remuzzi, G, Violante, FS, Kassebaum, NJ, Barber, RM, Bhutta, ZA, Dandona, L, Gething, PW, Hay, SI, Kinfu, Y, Larson, HJ, Liang, X, Lim, SS, Lopez, AD, Lozano, R, Mensah, GA, Mokdad, AH, Naghavi, M, Pinho, C, Salomon, JA, Steiner, C, Vos, T, Wang, H, Abajobir, AA, Abate, KH, Abbas, KM, Abd-Allah, F, Abdallat, MA, Abdulle, AM, Abera, SF, Aboyans, V, Abubakar, I, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, T, Adebiyi, AO, Adedeji, IA, Adelekan, AL, Adou, AK, Afanvi, KA, Agarwal, A, Kiadaliri, AA, Ajala, ON, Akinyemiju, TF, Akseer, N, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alam, NKM, Alasfoor, D, Aldhahri, SF, Aldridge, RW, Alhabib, S, Ali, R, Alkerwi, A, Alla, F, Al-Raddadi, R, Alsharif, U, Martin, EA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amberbir, A, Amegah, AK, Ammar, W, Amrock, SM, Andersen, HH, Anderson, GM, Antoine, RM, Antonio, CAT, Aregay, AF, Arnlov, J, Arora, M, Arsenijevic, VSA, Al, A, Asayesh, H, Atique, S, Avokpaho, EFGA, Awasthi, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azzopardi, P, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bahit, MC, Balakrishnan, K, Banerjee, A, Barac, A, Barker-Collo, SL, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayou, TA, Bayou, YT, Bazargan-Hejazi, S, Beardsley, J, Bedi, NW, Bekele, T, Bell, ML, Bennett, DA, Bensenor, IM, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Betsu, BD, Beyene, AS, Biadgilign, S, Bikbov, B, Bin Abdulhak, AA, Biroscak, BJ, Biryukov, S, Bisanzio, D, Bjertness, E, Blore, JD, Brainin, M, Brazinova, A, Breitborde, NJK, Brugha, TS, Butt, ZA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Campuzano, JC, Cardenas, R, Carrero, JJ, Carter, A, Casey, DC, Castaneda-Oquela, CA, Castro, RE, Catala-Lopez, F, Cavalleri, F, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Chavan, L, Chibueze, CE, Chisumpa, VH, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, R, Christopher, DJ, Ciobanu, LG, Cirillo, M, Coates, MM, Coggeshall, M, Colistro, V, Colquhoun, SM, Cooper, C, Cooper, LT, Cortinovis, M, Dahiru, T, Damasceno, A, Danawi, H, Dandona, R, Das Neves, J, De Leo, D, Dellavalle, RP, Deribe, K, Deribew, A, Jarlais, DCD, Dharmaratne, SD, Dicker, DJ, Ding, EL, Dossou, E, Dubey, M, Ebel, BE, Ellingsen, CL, Elyazar, I, Endries, AY, Ermakov, SP, Eshrati, B, Esteghamati, A, Faraon, EJA, Farid, TA, Farinha, CSES, Faro, A, Farvid, MS, Farzadfar, F, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Fitchett, JRA, Fleming, T, Gt, NF, Franca, EB, Franklin, RC, Fraser, MS, Friedman, J, Pullman, N, Furst, T, Futran, ND, Gambashidze, K, Gamkrelidze, A, Gebre, T, Gebrehiwot, TT, Gebremedhin, AT, Gebremedhin, M, Gebru, AA, Geleijnse, JM, Gibney, KB, Giref, AZ, Giroud, M, Gishu, MD, Glaser, E, Goenka, S, Gomez-Dantes, H, Gona, P, Goodridge, A, Gopalani, SV, Goto, A, Graetz, N, Gugnani, HC, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Gupta, V, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hailu, AD, Hailu, GB, Hamadeh, RR, Hamidi, S, Hancock, J, Handal, AJ, Hankey, GJ, Harb, HL, Harikrishnan, S, Harun, KM, Havmoeller, R, Hoek, HW, Horino, M, Horita, N, Hosgood, HD, Hoy, DG, Htet, AS, Hu, G, Huang, H, Huang, JJ, Huybrechts, I, Huynh, C, Iannarone, M, Iburg, KM, Idrisov, BT, Iyer, VJ, Jacobsen, KH, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, MB, Javanbakht, M, Jayatilleke, AU, Jee, SH, Jeemon, P, Jha, V, Jiang, G, Jiang, Y, Jibat, T, Jonas, JB, Kabir, Z, Kamal, R, Kan, H, Karch, A, Karletsos, D, Kasaeian, A, Kaul, A, Kawakami, N, Kayibanda, JF, Kazanjan, K, Kazi, DS, Keiyoro, PN, Kemmer, L, Kemp, AH, Kengne, AP, Keren, A, Kereselidze, M, Kesavachandran, CN, Khader, YS, Khan, AR, Khan, EA, Khang, Y-H, Khonelidze, I, Khosravi, A, Khubchandani, J, Kim, YJ, Kivipelto, M, Knibbs, LD, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Koyanagi, A, Krishnaswami, S, Defo, BK, Bicer, BK, Kudom, AA, Kulikoff, XR, Kulkarni, C, Kumar, GA, Kutz, MJ, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lam, H, Lamadrid-Figueroa, H, Lan, Q, Larsson, A, Laryea, DO, Leigh, J, Leung, R, Li, Y, Lipshultz, SE, Liu, PY, Liu, S, Liu, Y, Lloyd, BK, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Ma, S, El Razek, HMA, El Razek, MMA, Majdan, M, Majeed, A, Malekzadeh, R, Mapoma, CC, Marcenes, W, Margolis, DJ, Marquez, N, Masiye, F, Marzan, MB, Mason-Jones, AJ, Mazorodze, TT, Meaney, PA, Mehari, A, Mehndiratta, MM, Mena-Rodriguez, F, Mekonnen, AB, Melaku, YA, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mhimbira, FA, Miller, TR, Mills, EJ, Mirarefin, M, Misganaw, A, Ibrahim, NM, Mohammad, KA, Mohammadi, A, Mohammed, S, Mola, GLD, Monasta, L, Monis, JDLC, Hernandez, JCM, Montero, P, Montico, M, Mooney, MD, Moore, AR, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Morawska, L, Mori, R, Mueller, U, Murthy, GVS, Murthy, S, Nachega, JB, Naheed, A, Naldi, L, Nand, D, Nangia, V, Nash, D, Neupane, S, Newton, JN, Ng, M, Ngalesoni, FN, Nguhiu, P, Nguyen, G, Le Nguyen, Q, Nisar, MI, Nomura, M, Norheim, OF, Norman, RE, Nyakarahuka, L, Obermeyer, CM, Ogbo, FA, Oh, I-H, Ojelabi, FA, Olivares, PR, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Opio, JN, Oren, E, Ota, E, Oyekale, AS, Pa, M, Pain, A, Papantoniou, N, Park, E-K, Park, H-Y, Caicedo, AJP, Patten, SB, Paul, VK, Pereira, DM, Perico, N, Pesudovs, K, Petzold, M, Phillips, MR, Pillay, JD, Pishgar, F, Polinder, S, Pope, D, Pourmalek, F, Qorbani, M, Rafay, A, Rahimi, K, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, SU, Rai, RK, Ram, U, Ranabhat, CL, Rangaswamy, T, Rao, PV, Refaat, AH, Remuzzi, G, and Violante, FS
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: In transitioning from the Millennium Development Goal to the Sustainable Development Goal era, it is imperative to comprehensively assess progress toward reducing maternal mortality to identify areas of success, remaining challenges, and frame policy discussions. We aimed to quantify maternal mortality throughout the world by underlying cause and age from 1990 to 2015. METHODS: We estimated maternal mortality at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2015 for ages 10-54 years by systematically compiling and processing all available data sources from 186 of 195 countries and territories, 11 of which were analysed at the subnational level. We quantified eight underlying causes of maternal death and four timing categories, improving estimation methods since GBD 2013 for adult all-cause mortality, HIV-related maternal mortality, and late maternal death. Secondary analyses then allowed systematic examination of drivers of trends, including the relation between maternal mortality and coverage of specific reproductive health-care services as well as assessment of observed versus expected maternal mortality as a function of Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary indicator derived from measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility. FINDINGS: Only ten countries achieved MDG 5, but 122 of 195 countries have already met SDG 3.1. Geographical disparities widened between 1990 and 2015 and, in 2015, 24 countries still had a maternal mortality ratio greater than 400. The proportion of all maternal deaths occurring in the bottom two SDI quintiles, where haemorrhage is the dominant cause of maternal death, increased from roughly 68% in 1990 to more than 80% in 2015. The middle SDI quintile improved the most from 1990 to 2015, but also has the most complicated causal profile. Maternal mortality in the highest SDI quintile is mostly due to other direct maternal disorders, indirect maternal disorders, and abortion, ectopic pregnancy
- Published
- 2016
207. Methylglyoxal is associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Author
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Jensen, T. M., Vistisen, D., Fleming, T., Nawroth, P. P., Rossing, P., Jørgensen, M. E., Lauritzen, T., Sandbæk, A., Witte, D. R., Jensen, T. M., Vistisen, D., Fleming, T., Nawroth, P. P., Rossing, P., Jørgensen, M. E., Lauritzen, T., Sandbæk, A., and Witte, D. R.
- Abstract
Aims: The glycolysis-derived metabolite methylglyoxal has been linked to clinical microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy. We aimed to further investigate the hypothesis that methylglyoxal is involved in decline in renal function by assessing the associations between measures of renal function during a 6-year follow-up in 1481 people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, as part of the Danish arm of the ADDITION-Europe trial (ADDITION-DK). Methods: Biobank serum samples collected at ADDITION-DK baseline (2001–2006) and follow-up (2009–2010) were used in the current analysis of methylglyoxal. We assessed cross-sectional baseline and longitudinal associations between methylglyoxal and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) or estimated GFR (eGFR), and between methylglyoxal and categories of albuminuria or reduced eGFR. Results: Baseline methylglyoxal was positively associated with ACR at baseline (12% higher ACR per doubling in methylglyoxal levels), and change in methylglyoxal during 6 years of follow-up was inversely associated with change in eGFR (–1.6 ml/min/1.73 m2 per doubling in methylglyoxal change), in models adjusted for age, sex, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, anti-hypertensive treatment, LDL-cholesterol, lipid-lowering treatment, C-reactive protein and smoking. Conclusions: In a population of people with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes, we observed associations between methylglyoxal and markers of renal function: 6-year change in methylglyoxal was inversely associated with 6-year change in eGFR. Also, methylglyoxal at baseline was positively associated with ACR at baseline. Our study lends further support to a role for methylglyoxal in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy.
- Published
- 2016
208. Global, regional, and national levels of maternal mortality, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
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Kassebaum, N., Barber, R., Bhutta, Z., Dandona, L., Gething, P., Hay, S., Kinfu, Y., Larson, H., Liang, X., Lim, S., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Naghavi, M., Pinho, C., Salomon, J., Steiner, C., Vos, T., Wang, H., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abdallat, M., Abdulle, A., Abera, S., Aboyans, V., Abubakar, I., Abu-Rmeileh, N., Achoki, T., Adebiyi, A., Adedeji, I., Adelekan, A., Adou, A., Afanvi, K., Agarwal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ajala, O., Akinyemiju, T., Akseer, N., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alasfoor, D., Aldhahri, S., Aldridge, R., Alhabib, S., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amegah, A., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, G., Antoine, R., Antonio, C., Aregay, A., Arnlov, J., Arora, M., Arsenijevic, V., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bahit, M., Balakrishnan, K., Banerjee, A., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S., Barnighausen, T., Basu, S., Bayou, T., Bayou, Y., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Bekele, T., Bell, M., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Bin Abdulhak, A., Biroscak, B., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brugha, T., Butt, Z., Campos-Nonato, I., Campuzano, J., Cardenas, R., Carrero, J., Carter, A., Casey, D., Castaneda-Oquela, C., Castro, R., Catala-Lopez, F., Cavalleri, F., Chang, H., Chang, J., Chavan, L., Chibueze, C., Chisumpa, V., Choi, J., Chowdhury, R., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Cirillo, M., Coates, M., Coggeshall, M., Colistro, V., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, C., Cooper, L., Cortinovis, M., Dahiru, T., Damasceno, A., Danawi, H., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., De Leo, D., Dellavalle, R., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dicker, D., Ding, E., Dossou, E., Dubey, M., Ebel, B., Ellingsen, C., Elyazar, I., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Faraon, E., Farid, T., Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Fleming, T., Gt, N., Franca, E., Franklin, R., Fraser, M., Friedman, J., Pullman, N., Furst, T., Futran, N., Gambashidze, K., Gamkrelidze, A., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Gebremedhin, M., Gebru, A., Geleijnse, J., Gibney, K., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Glaser, E., Goenka, S., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Goto, A., Graetz, N., Gugnani, H., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A., Hailu, G., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Hancock, J., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Harun, K., Havmoeller, R., Hoek, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Htet, A., Hu, G., Huang, H., Huang, J., Huybrechts, I., Huynh, C., Iannarone, M., Iburg, K., Idrisov, B., Iyer, V., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jha, V., Jiang, G., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karletsos, D., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Kayibanda, J., Kazanjan, K., Kazi, D., Keiyoro, P., Kemmer, L., Kemp, A., Kengne, A., Keren, A., Kereselidze, M., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khan, A., Khan, E., Khang, Y., Khonelidze, I., Khosravi, A., Khubchandani, J., Kim, Y., Kivipelto, M., Knibbs, L., Kokubo, Y., Kosen, S., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Krishnaswami, S., Defo, B., Bicer, B., Kudom, A., Kulikoff, X., Kulkarni, C., Kumar, G., Kutz, M., Lal, D., Lalloo, R., Lam, H., Lamadrid-Figueroa, H., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Laryea, D., Leigh, J., Leung, R., Li, Y., Lipshultz, S., Liu, P., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lloyd, B., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Ma, S., El Razek, H., El Razek, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Mapoma, C., Marcenes, W., Margolis, D., Marquez, N., Masiye, F., Marzan, M., Mason-Jones, A., Mazorodze, T., Meaney, P., Mehari, A., Mehndiratta, M., Mena-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Misganaw, A., Ibrahim, N., Mohammad, K., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mola, G., Monasta, L., Monis, J., Hernandez, J., Montero, P., Montico, M., Mooney, M., Moore, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Mueller, U., Murthy, G., Murthy, S., Nachega, J., Naheed, A., Naldi, L., Nand, D., Nangia, V., Nash, D., Neupane, S., Newton, J., Ng, M., Ngalesoni, F., Nguhiu, P., Nguyen, G., Le Nguyen, Q., Nisar, M., Nomura, M., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Nyakarahuka, L., Obermeyer, C., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Ojelabi, F., Olivares, P., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Opio, J., Oren, E., Ota, E., Oyekale, A., Pa, M., Pain, A., Papantoniou, N., Park, E., Park, H., Caicedo, A., Patten, S., Paul, V., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Pillay, J., Pishgar, F., Polinder, S., Pope, D., Pourmalek, F., Qorbani, M., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C., Rangaswamy, T., Rao, P., Refaat, A., Remuzzi, G., Kassebaum, N., Barber, R., Bhutta, Z., Dandona, L., Gething, P., Hay, S., Kinfu, Y., Larson, H., Liang, X., Lim, S., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Naghavi, M., Pinho, C., Salomon, J., Steiner, C., Vos, T., Wang, H., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abdallat, M., Abdulle, A., Abera, S., Aboyans, V., Abubakar, I., Abu-Rmeileh, N., Achoki, T., Adebiyi, A., Adedeji, I., Adelekan, A., Adou, A., Afanvi, K., Agarwal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ajala, O., Akinyemiju, T., Akseer, N., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Alasfoor, D., Aldhahri, S., Aldridge, R., Alhabib, S., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amegah, A., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, G., Antoine, R., Antonio, C., Aregay, A., Arnlov, J., Arora, M., Arsenijevic, V., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bahit, M., Balakrishnan, K., Banerjee, A., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S., Barnighausen, T., Basu, S., Bayou, T., Bayou, Y., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Bekele, T., Bell, M., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Bin Abdulhak, A., Biroscak, B., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brugha, T., Butt, Z., Campos-Nonato, I., Campuzano, J., Cardenas, R., Carrero, J., Carter, A., Casey, D., Castaneda-Oquela, C., Castro, R., Catala-Lopez, F., Cavalleri, F., Chang, H., Chang, J., Chavan, L., Chibueze, C., Chisumpa, V., Choi, J., Chowdhury, R., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Cirillo, M., Coates, M., Coggeshall, M., Colistro, V., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, C., Cooper, L., Cortinovis, M., Dahiru, T., Damasceno, A., Danawi, H., Dandona, R., Das Neves, J., De Leo, D., Dellavalle, R., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dicker, D., Ding, E., Dossou, E., Dubey, M., Ebel, B., Ellingsen, C., Elyazar, I., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Faraon, E., Farid, T., Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Fleming, T., Gt, N., Franca, E., Franklin, R., Fraser, M., Friedman, J., Pullman, N., Furst, T., Futran, N., Gambashidze, K., Gamkrelidze, A., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Gebremedhin, M., Gebru, A., Geleijnse, J., Gibney, K., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Glaser, E., Goenka, S., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Goto, A., Graetz, N., Gugnani, H., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Hailu, A., Hailu, G., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Hancock, J., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Harun, K., Havmoeller, R., Hoek, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Htet, A., Hu, G., Huang, H., Huang, J., Huybrechts, I., Huynh, C., Iannarone, M., Iburg, K., Idrisov, B., Iyer, V., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jha, V., Jiang, G., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karletsos, D., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Kayibanda, J., Kazanjan, K., Kazi, D., Keiyoro, P., Kemmer, L., Kemp, A., Kengne, A., Keren, A., Kereselidze, M., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khan, A., Khan, E., Khang, Y., Khonelidze, I., Khosravi, A., Khubchandani, J., Kim, Y., Kivipelto, M., Knibbs, L., Kokubo, Y., Kosen, S., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Krishnaswami, S., Defo, B., Bicer, B., Kudom, A., Kulikoff, X., Kulkarni, C., Kumar, G., Kutz, M., Lal, D., Lalloo, R., Lam, H., Lamadrid-Figueroa, H., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Laryea, D., Leigh, J., Leung, R., Li, Y., Lipshultz, S., Liu, P., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lloyd, B., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Ma, S., El Razek, H., El Razek, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Mapoma, C., Marcenes, W., Margolis, D., Marquez, N., Masiye, F., Marzan, M., Mason-Jones, A., Mazorodze, T., Meaney, P., Mehari, A., Mehndiratta, M., Mena-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Misganaw, A., Ibrahim, N., Mohammad, K., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mola, G., Monasta, L., Monis, J., Hernandez, J., Montero, P., Montico, M., Mooney, M., Moore, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Mueller, U., Murthy, G., Murthy, S., Nachega, J., Naheed, A., Naldi, L., Nand, D., Nangia, V., Nash, D., Neupane, S., Newton, J., Ng, M., Ngalesoni, F., Nguhiu, P., Nguyen, G., Le Nguyen, Q., Nisar, M., Nomura, M., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Nyakarahuka, L., Obermeyer, C., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Ojelabi, F., Olivares, P., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Opio, J., Oren, E., Ota, E., Oyekale, A., Pa, M., Pain, A., Papantoniou, N., Park, E., Park, H., Caicedo, A., Patten, S., Paul, V., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Pillay, J., Pishgar, F., Polinder, S., Pope, D., Pourmalek, F., Qorbani, M., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Ram, U., Ranabhat, C., Rangaswamy, T., Rao, P., Refaat, A., and Remuzzi, G.
- Published
- 2016
209. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
- Author
-
Vos, T., Allen, C., Arora, M., Barber, R., Bhutta, Z., Brown, A., Carter, A., Casey, D., Charlson, F., Chen, A., Coggeshall, M., Cornaby, L., Dandona, L., Dicker, D., Dilegge, T., Erskine, H., Ferrari, A., Fitzmaurice, C., Fleming, T., Forouzanfar, M., Fullman, N., Gething, P., Goldberg, E., Graetz, N., Haagsma, J., Johnson, C., Kassebaum, N., Kawashima, T., Kemmer, L., Khalil, I., Kinfu, Y., Kyu, H., Leung, J., Liang, X., Lim, S., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Marczak, L., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Naghavi, M., Nguyen, G., Nsoesie, E., Olsen, H., Pigott, D., Pinho, C., Rankin, Z., Reinig, N., Salomon, J., Sandar, L., Smith, A., Stanaway, J., Steiner, C., Teeple, S., Thomas, B., Troeger, C., Wagner, J., Wang, H., Wanga, V., Whiteford, H., Zoeckler, L., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abraham, B., Abubakar, I., Abu-Raddad, L., Abu-Rmeileh, N., Ackerman, I., Adebiyi, A., Ademi, Z., Adou, A., Afanvi, K., Agardh, E., Agarwal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ahmadieh, H., Ajala, O., Akinyemi, R., Akseer, N., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Aldhahri, S., Alegretti, M., Alemu, Z., Alexander, L., Alhabib, S., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Al-Raddadi, R., Alsharif, U., Altirkawi, K., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amini, H., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, G., Anderson, B., Antonio, C., Aregay, A., Arnlov, J., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Assadi, R., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Balakrishnan, K., Banerjee, A., Barac, A., Barker-Collo, S., Barnighausen, T., Barregard, L., Barrero, L., Basu, A., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Bell, B., Bell, M., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Benzian, H., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Bhala, N., Bhatt, S., Biadgilign, S., Bienhofff, K., Bikbov, B., Biryukov, S., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brown, J., Buchbinder, R., Buckle, G., Butt, Z., Calabria, B., Ricardo Campos-Nonato, I., Cesar Campuzano, J., Carabin, H., Cardenas, R., Carpenter, D., Carrero, J., Castaneda-Orjuela, C., Castillo Rivas, J., Catala-Lopez, F., Chang, J., Chiang, P., Chibueze, C., Chisumpa, V., Choi, J., Chowdhury, R., Christensen, H., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Cirillo, M., Coates, M., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, C., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J., Damtew, S., Dandona, R., Daoud, F., Dargan, P., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Davis, A., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Del Gobbo, L., Dellavalle, R., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Derrett, S., Des Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dhillon, P., Diaz-Torne, C., Ding, E., Driscoll, T., Duan, L., Dubey, M., Duncan, B., Ebrahimi, H., Ellenbogen, R., Elyazar, I., Endres, M., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Eshrati, B., Estep, K., Farid, T., Sofia e Sa Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Felson, D., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Foreman, K., Fowkes, G., Fox, J., Franklin, R., Friedman, J., Frostad, J., Furst, T., Futran, N., Gabbe, B., Ganguly, P., Gankpe, F., Gebre, T., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Gibney, K., Ginawi, I., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Glaser, E., Godwin, W., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Gotay, C., Goto, A., Gouda, H., Grainger, R., Greaves, F., Guillemin, F., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gupta, V., Gutierrez, R., Haile, D., Hailu, A., Hailu, G., Halasa, Y., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Hammami, M., Hancock, J., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Hao, Y., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Maria Haro, J., Havmoeller, R., Hay, R., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, I., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Htet, A., Huang, H., Huang, J., Huynh, C., Iannarone, M., Iburg, K., Innos, K., Inoue, M., Iyer, V., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jensen, P., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jimenez-Corona, A., Jin, Y., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kalkonde, Y., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karema, C., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Keiyoro, P., Kemp, A., Keren, A., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khaiff, A., Khaiff, E., Khang, Y., Khera, S., Khoja, T., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, P., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kim, Y., Kissoon, N., Knibbs, L., Knudsen, A., Kokubo, Y., Kolte, D., Kopec, J., Kosen, S., Kotsakis, G., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Defo, B., Bicer, B., Kudom, A., Kuipers, E., Kumar, G., Kutz, M., Kwan, G., Lal, A., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lam, H., Lam, J., Langan, S., Larsson, A., Lavados, P., Leasher, J., Leigh, J., Leung, R., Levi, M., Li, Y., Liang, J., Liu, S., Liu, Y., Lloyd, B., Lo, W., Logroscino, G., Looker, K., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R., Mackay, M., Abd El Razek, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Marcenes, W., Margolis, D., Martinez-Raga, J., Masiye, F., Massano, J., McGarvey, S., McGrath, J., McKee, M., McMahon, B., Meaney, P., Mehari, A., Meija-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memiah, P., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Mitchell, P., Mock, C., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Montanez Hernandez, J., Montico, M., Mooney, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Morawska, L., Mueller, U., Mullany, E., Mumford, J., Murdoch, M., Nachega, J., Nagel, G., Naheed, A., Naldi, L., Nangia, V., Newton, J., Ng, M., Ngalesoni, F., Quyen, L., Nisar, M., Nkamedjie Pete, P., Nona, J., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Norrving, B., Nunes, B., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Ohkubo, T., Olivares, P., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Ortiz, A., Osman, M., Ota, E., Mahesh, P., Park, E., Parsaeian, M., de Azeredo Passos, V., Paternina Caicedo, A., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pereira, D., Perez-Padilla, R., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Piel, F., Pillay, J., Pishgar, F., Plass, D., Platts-Mills, J., Polinder, S., Pond, C., Popova, S., Poulton, R., Pourmalek, F., Prabhakaran, D., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, R., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi, K., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Rajsic, S., Ram, U., Rao, P., Refaat, A., Reitsma, M., Remuzzi, G., Resnikofff, S., Reynolds, A., Ribeiro, A., Rios Blancas, M., Rolm, H., Rojas-Rueda, D., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Roth, G., Rothenbacher, D., Roy, A., Sagar, R., Sahathevan, R., Sanabria, J., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M., Santos, I., Santos, J., Sarmiento-Suarez, R., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Schaub, M., Schmidt, M., Schneider, I., Schottker, B., Schwebel, D., Scott, J., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S., Servan-Mori, E., Shackelford, K., Shaheen, A., Shaikh, M., Sharma, R., Sharma, U., Shen, J., Shepard, D., Sheth, K., Shibuya, K., Shin, M., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Shrime, M., Sigfusdottir, I., Silva, D., Alves Silveira, D., Singh, A., Singh, J., Singh, O., Singh, P., Sivonda, A., Skirbekk, V., Skogen, J., Sligar, A., Silwa, K., Soljak, M., Soreide, K., Soriano, J., Sposato, L., Sreeramareddy, C., Stathopoulou, V., Steel, N., Stein, D., Steiner, T., Steinke, S., Stovner, L., Stroumpoulis, K., Sunguya, B., Sur, P., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B., Szoeke, C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Takala, J., Landon, N., Tanne, D., Tavakkoli, M., Taye, B., Taylor, H., Te Ao, B., Tedla, B., Terkawi, A., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Thrift, A., Thurston, G., Tobe-Gai, R., Tonelli, M., Topor-Madry, R., Topouzis, F., Tran, B., Dimbuene, Z., Tsilimbaris, M., Tura, A., Tuzcu, E., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K., Undurraga, E., Uneke, C., Uthman, O., van Gool, C., Varakin, Y., Vasankari, T., Venketasubramanian, N., Verma, R., Violante, F., Vladimirov, S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S., Wagner, G., Waller, S., Wang, L., Watkins, D., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., White, R., Williams, H., Wiysonge, C., Wolfe, C., Won, S., Woodbrook, R., Wubshet, M., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadav, A., Yan, L., Yano, Y., Yaseri, M., Ye, P., Yebyo, H., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M., Zeeb, H., Zhou, M., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L., Murray, C., Vos, T., Allen, C., Arora, M., Barber, R., Bhutta, Z., Brown, A., Carter, A., Casey, D., Charlson, F., Chen, A., Coggeshall, M., Cornaby, L., Dandona, L., Dicker, D., Dilegge, T., Erskine, H., Ferrari, A., Fitzmaurice, C., Fleming, T., Forouzanfar, M., Fullman, N., Gething, P., Goldberg, E., Graetz, N., Haagsma, J., Johnson, C., Kassebaum, N., Kawashima, T., Kemmer, L., Khalil, I., Kinfu, Y., Kyu, H., Leung, J., Liang, X., Lim, S., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Marczak, L., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Naghavi, M., Nguyen, G., Nsoesie, E., Olsen, H., Pigott, D., Pinho, C., Rankin, Z., Reinig, N., Salomon, J., Sandar, L., Smith, A., Stanaway, J., Steiner, C., Teeple, S., Thomas, B., Troeger, C., Wagner, J., Wang, H., Wanga, V., Whiteford, H., Zoeckler, L., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abraham, B., Abubakar, I., Abu-Raddad, L., Abu-Rmeileh, N., Ackerman, 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Boufous, S., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brown, J., Buchbinder, R., Buckle, G., Butt, Z., Calabria, B., Ricardo Campos-Nonato, I., Cesar Campuzano, J., Carabin, H., Cardenas, R., Carpenter, D., Carrero, J., Castaneda-Orjuela, C., Castillo Rivas, J., Catala-Lopez, F., Chang, J., Chiang, P., Chibueze, C., Chisumpa, V., Choi, J., Chowdhury, R., Christensen, H., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Cirillo, M., Coates, M., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, C., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J., Damtew, S., Dandona, R., Daoud, F., Dargan, P., das Neves, J., Davey, G., Davis, A., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Del Gobbo, L., Dellavalle, R., Deribe, K., Deribew, A., Derrett, S., Des Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dhillon, P., Diaz-Torne, C., Ding, E., Driscoll, T., Duan, L., Dubey, M., Duncan, B., Ebrahimi, H., Ellenbogen, R., Elyazar, I., Endres, M., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Eshrati, B., Estep, K., Farid, T., Sofia e Sa Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Felson, D., 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- Abstract
© 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY licenseBackground Non-fatal outcomes of disease and injury increasingly detract from the ability of the world's population to live in full health, a trend largely attributable to an epidemiological transition in many countries from causes affecting children, to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) more common in adults. For the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2015 (GBD 2015), we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for diseases and injuries at the global, regional, and national scale over the period of 1990 to 2015. Methods We estimated incidence and prevalence by age, sex, cause, year, and geography with a wide range of updated and standardised analytical procedures. Improvements from GBD 2013 included the addition of new data sources, updates to literature reviews for 85 causes, and the identification and inclusion of additional studies published up to November, 2015, to expand the database used for estimation of non-fatal outcomes to 60?900 unique data sources. Prevalence and incidence by cause and sequelae were determined with DisMod-MR 2.1, an improved version of the DisMod-MR Bayesian meta-regression tool first developed for GBD 2010 and GBD 2013. For some causes, we used alternative modelling strategies where the complexity of the disease was not suited to DisMod-MR 2.1 or where incidence and prevalence needed to be determined from other data. For GBD 2015 we created a summary indicator that combines measures of income per capita, educational attainment, and fertility (the Socio-demographic Index [SDI]) and used it to compare observed patterns of health loss to the expected pattern for countries or locations with similar SDI scores. Findings We generated 9·3 billion estimates from the various combinations of prevalence, incidence, and YLDs for causes, sequelae, and impairments by age, sex, geography, and year.
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- 2016
210. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
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Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C., Wolfe, C., Won, S., Woolf, A., Wubshet, M., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadav, A., Yakob, B., Yalew, A., Yano, Y., Yaseri, M., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M., Zhu, J., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L., Murray, C., Forouzanfar, M., Afshin, A., Alexander, L., Anderson, H., Bhutta, Z., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., Burnett, R., Cercy, K., Charlson, F., Cohen, A., Dandona, L., Estep, K., Ferrari, A., Frostad, J., Fullman, N., Gething, P., Godwin, W., Griswold, M., Kinfu, Y., Kyu, H., Larson, H., Liang, X., Lim, S., Liu, P., Lopez, A., Lozano, R., Marczak, L., Mensah, G., Mokdad, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Naghavi, M., Neal, B., Reitsma, M., Roth, G., Salomon, J., Sur, P., Vos, T., Wagner, J., Wang, H., Zhao, Y., Zhou, M., Aasvang, G., Abajobir, A., Abate, K., Abbafati, C., Abbas, K., Abd-Allah, F., Abdulle, A., Abera, S., Abraham, B., Abu-Raddad, L., Abyu, G., Adebiyi, A., Adedeji, I., Ademi, Z., Adou, A., Adsuar, J., Agardh, E., Agarwal, A., Agrawal, A., Kiadaliri, A., Ajala, O., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alam, N., Aldhahri, S., Aldridge, R., Alemu, Z., Ali, R., Alkerwi, A., Alla, F., Allebeck, P., Alsharif, U., Altirkawi, K., Alvarez Martin, E., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A., Amberbir, A., Amegah, A., Amini, H., Ammar, W., Amrock, S., Andersen, H., Anderson, B., Antonio, C., Anwar, P., Arnlov, J., Al, A., Asayesh, H., Asghar, R., Assadi, R., Atique, S., Avokpaho, E., Awasthi, A., Quintanilla, B., Azzopardi, P., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bahit, M., Balakrishnan, K., Barac, A., Barber, R., Barker-Collo, S., Baernighausen, T., Barquera, S., Barregard, L., Barrero, L., Basu, S., Bans, C., Bazargan-Hejazi, S., Beardsley, J., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bell, M., Bello, A., Bennett, D., Bensenor, I., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Betsu, B., Beyene, A., Bhala, N., Bhansali, A., Bhatt, S., Biadgilign, S., Bikbov, B., Bisanzio, D., Bjertness, E., Blore, J., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bourne, R., Brainin, M., Brazinova, A., Breitborde, N., Brenner, H., Broday, D., Brugha, T., Brunekreef, B., Butt, Z., Cahill, L., Calabria, B., Ricardo Campos-Nonato, I., Cardenas, R., Carpenter, D., Casey, D., Castaneda-Oquela, C., Castillo Rivas, J., Estanislao Castro, R., Catala-Lopez, F., Chang, J., Chiang, P., Chibalabala, M., Chimed-Ochir, O., Chisumpa, V., Chitheer, A., Choi, J., Christensen, H., Christopher, D., Ciobanu, L., Coates, M., Colquhoun, S., Cooper, L., Cooperrider, K., Cornaby, L., Cortinovis, M., Crump, J., Cuevas-Nasu, L., Damasceno, A., Dandona, R., Darby, S., Dargan, P., das Neves, J., Davis, A., Davletov, K., Filipa de Castro, E., De la Cruz-Gongora, V., De Leo, D., Degenhardt, L., Del Gobbo, L., del Pozo-Cruz, B., Dellavalle, R., Deribew, A., Des Jarlais, D., Dharmaratne, S., Dhillon, P., Diaz-Tome, C., Dicker, D., Ding, E., Dorsey, E., Doyle, K., Driscoll, T., Duan, L., Dubey, M., Duncan, B., Elyazar, I., Endries, A., Ermakov, S., Erskine, H., Eshrati, B., Esteghamati, A., Fahimi, S., Aquino Faraon, E., Farid, T., Sofia E Sa Farinha, C., Faro, A., Farvid, M., Farzadfar, F., Feigin, V., Fereshtehnejad, S., Fernandes, J., Fischer, F., Fitchett, J., Fleming, T., Foigt, N., Foreman, K., Fowkes, F., Franklin, R., Fuerst, T., Futran, N., Gakidou, E., Garcia-Basteiro, A., Gebrehiwot, T., Gebremedhin, A., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Giref, A., Giroud, M., Gishu, M., Goenka, S., Carmen Gomez-Cabrera, M., Gomez-Dantes, H., Gona, P., Goodridge, A., Gopalani, S., Gotay, C., Goto, A., Gouda, H., Gugnani, H., Guillemin, F., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Gutierrez, R., Haagsma, J., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, D., Hailu, G., Halasa, Y., Hamadeh, R., Hamidi, S., Handal, A., Hankey, G., Hao, Y., Harb, H., Harikrishnan, S., Maria Haro, J., Hassanvand, M., Hassen, T., Havmoeller, R., Beatriz Heredia-Pi, I., Francisco Hernandez-Llanes, N., Heydarpour, P., Hoek, H., Hoffman, H., Horino, M., Horita, N., Hosgood, H., Hoy, D., Hsairi, M., Htet, A., Hu, G., Huang, J., Husseini, A., Hutchings, S., Huybrechts, I., Iburg, K., Idrisov, B., Ileanu, B., Inoue, M., Jacobs, T., Jacobsen, K., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., Jansen, H., Jassal, S., Javanbakht, M., Jayatilleke, A., Jee, S., Jeemon, P., Jha, V., Jiang, Y., Jibat, T., Jin, Y., Johnson, C., Jonas, J., Kabir, Z., Kalkonde, Y., Kamal, R., Kan, H., Karch, A., Karema, C., Karimkhani, C., Kasaeian, A., Kaul, A., Kawakami, N., Kazi, D., Keiyoro, P., Kemp, A., Kengne, A., Keren, A., Kesavachandran, C., Khader, Y., Khan, A., Khan, E., Khan, G., Khang, Y., Khatibzadeh, S., Khera, S., Khoja, T., Khubchandani, J., Kieling, C., Kim, C., Kim, D., Kimokoti, R., Kissoon, N., Kivipelto, M., Knibbs, L., Kokubo, Y., Kopec, J., Koul, P., Koyanagi, A., Kravchenko, M., Kromhout, H., Krueger, H., Ku, T., Defo, B., Kuchenbecker, R., Bicer, B., Kuipers, E., Kumar, G., Kwan, G., Lal, D., Lalloo, R., Lallukka, T., Lan, Q., Larsson, A., Latif, A., Beatriz Lawrynowicz, A., Leasher, J., Leigh, J., Leung, J., Levi, M., Li, X., Li, Y., Liang, J., Liu, S., Lloyd, B., Logroscino, G., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Maclntyre, M., Mahdavi, M., Majdan, M., Majeed, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D., Manamo, W., Mapoma, C., Marcenes, W., Martin, R., Martinez-Raga, J., Masiye, F., Matsushita, K., Matzopoulos, R., Mayosi, B., McGrath, J., McKee, M., Meaney, P., Medina, C., Mehari, A., Mena-Rodriguez, F., Mekonnen, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Mensink, G., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T., Mesfin, Y., Mhimbira, F., Miller, Ted, Mills, E., Mirarefin, M., Misganaw, A., Mock, C., Mohammadi, A., Mohammed, S., Mola, G., Monasta, L., Montanez Hernandez, J., Montico, M., Morawska, L., Mori, R., Mozaffarian, D., Mueller, U., Mullany, E., Mumford, J., Murthy, G., Nachega, J., Naheed, A., Nangia, V., Nassiri, N., Newton, J., Ng, M., Quyen, L., Nisar, M., Pete, P., Norheim, O., Norman, R., Norrving, B., Nyakarahuka, L., Obermeyer, C., Ogbo, F., Oh, I., Oladimeji, O., Olivares, P., Olsen, H., Olusanya, B., Olusanya, J., Opio, J., Oren, E., Orozco, R., Ortiz, A., Ota, E., Mahesh, P., Pana, A., Park, E., Parry, C., Parsaeian, M., Patel, T., Caicedo, A., Patil, S., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pearce, N., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Pesudovs, K., Petzold, M., Phillips, M., Piel, F., Pillay, J., Plass, D., Polinder, S., Pond, C., Pope, C., Pope, D., Popova, S., Poulton, R., Pourmalek, F., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, R., Radfar, A., Rafay, A., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M., Rahman, S., Rai, R., Rajsic, S., Raju, M., Ram, U., Rana, S., Ranganathan, K., Rao, P., Razo Garcia, C., Refaat, A., Rehm, C., Rehm, J., Reinig, N., Remuzzi, G., Resnikoff, S., Ribeiro, A., Rivera, J., Rolm, H., Rodriguez, A., Rodriguez-Ramirez, S., Rojas-Rueda, D., Roman, Y., Ronfani, L., Roshandel, G., Rothenbacher, D., Roy, A., Saleh, M., Sanabria, J., Dolores Sanchez-Nino, M., Sanchez-Pimienta, T., Sandar, L., Santomauro, D., Santos, I., Sarmiento-Suarez, R., Sartorius, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Schmidhuber, J., Schmidt, M., Schneider, I., Schoettker, B., Schutte, A., Schwebel, D., Scott, J., Seedat, S., Sepanlou, S., Servan-Mori, E., Shaheen, A., Shahraz, S., Shaikh, M., Levy, T., Sharma, R., She, J., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shen, J., Sheth, K., Shi, P., Shibuya, K., Shigematsu, M., Shin, M., Shiri, R., Shishani, K., Shiue, I., Shrime, M., Sigfusdottir, I., Silva, D., Alves Silveira, D., Silverberg, J., Simard, E., Sindi, S., Singh, A., Singh, J., Singh, P., Slepak, E., Soljak, M., Soneji, S., Sorensen, R., Sposato, L., Sreeramareddy, C., Stathopoulou, V., Steckling, N., Steel, N., Stein, D., Stein, M., Stockl, H., Stranges, S., Stroumpoulis, K., Sunguya, B., Swaminathan, S., Sykes, B., Szoeke, C., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Takahashi, K., Talongwa, R., Landon, N., Tanne, D., Tavakkoli, M., Taye, B., Taylor, H., Tedla, B., Tefera, W., Tegegne, T., Tekle, D., Terkawi, A., Thakur, J., Thomas, B., Thomas, M., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Thrift, A., Thurston, G., Tillmann, T., Tobe-Gai, R., Tobollik, M., Topor-Madry, R., Topouzis, F., Towbin, J., Bach, X., Dimbuene, Z., Tsilimparis, N., Tura, A., Tuzcu, E., Tyrovolas, S., Ukwaja, K., Undurraga, E., Uneke, C., Uthman, O., van Donkelaar, A., van Os, J., Varakin, Y., Vasankari, T., Veerman, J., Venketasubramanian, N., Violante, F., Vollset, S., Wagner, G., Waller, S., Wang, J., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Weichenthal, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Westerman, R., Whiteford, H., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C., Wolfe, C., Won, S., Woolf, A., Wubshet, M., Xavier, D., Xu, G., Yadav, A., Yakob, B., Yalew, A., Yano, Y., Yaseri, M., Ye, P., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., Zaidi, Z., Zaki, M., Zhu, J., Zipkin, B., Zodpey, S., Zuhlke, L., and Murray, C.
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- 2016
211. Global and National Burden of Diseases and Injuries Among Children and Adolescents Between 1990 and 2013: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2013 Study.
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Global Burden of Disease Pediatrics Collaboration, Kyu, H., Pinho, C., Wagner, J., Brown, J., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Charlson, F., Coffeng, L., Dandona, L., Erskine, H., Ferrari, A., Fitzmaurice, C., Fleming, T., Forouzanfar, M., Graetz, N., Guinovart, C., Haagsma, J., Higashi, H., Kassebaum, N., Larson, H., Lim, S., Mokdad, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Odell, S., Roth, G., Serina, P., Stanaway, J., Misganaw, A., Whiteford, H., Wolock, T., Wulf Hanson, S., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S., Abu-Raddad, L., AlBuhairan, F., Amare, A., Antonio, C., Artaman, A., Barker-Collo, S., Barrero, L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I., Bhutta, Z., Bikbov, B., Brazinova, A., Campos-Nonato, I., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Catalá-López, F., Chowdhury, R., Cooper, C., Crump, J., Dandona, R., Degenhardt, L., Dellavalle, R., Dharmaratne, S., Faraon, E., Feigin, V., Fürst, T., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Gibney, K., Goto, A., Gunnell, D., Hankey, G., Hay, R., Hornberger, J., Hosgood, H., Hu, G., Jacobsen, K., Jayaraman, S., Jeemon, P., Jonas, J., Karch, A., Kim, D., Kim, S., Kokubo, Y., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kumar, G., Larsson, A., Leasher, J., Leung, R., Li, Y., Lipshultz, S., Lopez, A., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R., Majdan, M., Malekzadeh, R., Mashal, T., Mason-Jones, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Miller, Ted, Mock, C., Murray, J., Nolte, S., Oh, I., Olusanya, B., Ortblad, K., Park, E., Paternina Caicedo, A., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Piel, F., Polinder, S., Popova, S., Pourmalek, F., Quistberg, D., Remuzzi, G., Rodriguez, A., Rojas-Rueda, D., Rothenbacher, D., Rothstein, D., Sanabria, J., Santos, I., Schwebel, D., Sepanlou, S., Shaheen, A., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Skirbekk, V., Sliwa, K., Sreeramareddy, C., Stein, D., Steiner, T., Stovner, L., Sykes, B., Tabb, K., Terkawi, A., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Towbin, J., Ukwaja, K., Vasankari, T., Venketasubramanian, N., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Wilkinson, J., Woldeyohannes, S., Wolfe, C., Yano, Y., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., El Sayed Zaki, M., Naghavi, M., Murray, C., Vos, T., Global Burden of Disease Pediatrics Collaboration, Kyu, H., Pinho, C., Wagner, J., Brown, J., Bertozzi-Villa, A., Charlson, F., Coffeng, L., Dandona, L., Erskine, H., Ferrari, A., Fitzmaurice, C., Fleming, T., Forouzanfar, M., Graetz, N., Guinovart, C., Haagsma, J., Higashi, H., Kassebaum, N., Larson, H., Lim, S., Mokdad, A., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Odell, S., Roth, G., Serina, P., Stanaway, J., Misganaw, A., Whiteford, H., Wolock, T., Wulf Hanson, S., Abd-Allah, F., Abera, S., Abu-Raddad, L., AlBuhairan, F., Amare, A., Antonio, C., Artaman, A., Barker-Collo, S., Barrero, L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I., Bhutta, Z., Bikbov, B., Brazinova, A., Campos-Nonato, I., Castañeda-Orjuela, C., Catalá-López, F., Chowdhury, R., Cooper, C., Crump, J., Dandona, R., Degenhardt, L., Dellavalle, R., Dharmaratne, S., Faraon, E., Feigin, V., Fürst, T., Geleijnse, J., Gessner, B., Gibney, K., Goto, A., Gunnell, D., Hankey, G., Hay, R., Hornberger, J., Hosgood, H., Hu, G., Jacobsen, K., Jayaraman, S., Jeemon, P., Jonas, J., Karch, A., Kim, D., Kim, S., Kokubo, Y., Kuate Defo, B., Kucuk Bicer, B., Kumar, G., Larsson, A., Leasher, J., Leung, R., Li, Y., Lipshultz, S., Lopez, A., Lotufo, P., Lunevicius, R., Lyons, R., Majdan, M., Malekzadeh, R., Mashal, T., Mason-Jones, A., Melaku, Y., Memish, Z., Mendoza, W., Miller, Ted, Mock, C., Murray, J., Nolte, S., Oh, I., Olusanya, B., Ortblad, K., Park, E., Paternina Caicedo, A., Patten, S., Patton, G., Pereira, D., Perico, N., Piel, F., Polinder, S., Popova, S., Pourmalek, F., Quistberg, D., Remuzzi, G., Rodriguez, A., Rojas-Rueda, D., Rothenbacher, D., Rothstein, D., Sanabria, J., Santos, I., Schwebel, D., Sepanlou, S., Shaheen, A., Shiri, R., Shiue, I., Skirbekk, V., Sliwa, K., Sreeramareddy, C., Stein, D., Steiner, T., Stovner, L., Sykes, B., Tabb, K., Terkawi, A., Thomson, A., Thorne-Lyman, A., Towbin, J., Ukwaja, K., Vasankari, T., Venketasubramanian, N., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S., Weiderpass, E., Weintraub, R., Werdecker, A., Wilkinson, J., Woldeyohannes, S., Wolfe, C., Yano, Y., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S., Younis, M., Yu, C., El Sayed Zaki, M., Naghavi, M., Murray, C., and Vos, T.
- Abstract
Importance: The literature focuses on mortality among children younger than 5 years. Comparable information on nonfatal health outcomes among these children and the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among older children and adolescents is scarce. Objective: To determine levels and trends in the fatal and nonfatal burden of diseases and injuries among younger children (aged <5 years), older children (aged 5-9 years), and adolescents (aged 10-19 years) between 1990 and 2013 in 188 countries from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2013 study. Evidence Review: Data from vital registration, verbal autopsy studies, maternal and child death surveillance, and other sources covering 14 244 site-years (ie, years of cause of death data by geography) from 1980 through 2013 were used to estimate cause-specific mortality. Data from 35 620 epidemiological sources were used to estimate the prevalence of the diseases and sequelae in the GBD 2013 study. Cause-specific mortality for most causes was estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble Model strategy. For some infectious diseases (eg, HIV infection/AIDS, measles, hepatitis B) where the disease process is complex or the cause of death data were insufficient or unavailable, we used natural history models. For most nonfatal health outcomes, DisMod-MR 2.0, a Bayesian metaregression tool, was used to meta-analyze the epidemiological data to generate prevalence estimates.Findings: Of the 7.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 7.4-8.1) million deaths among children and adolescents globally in 2013, 6.28 million occurred among younger children, 0.48 million among older children, and 0.97 million among adolescents. In 2013, the leading causes of death were lower respiratory tract infections among younger children (905 059 deaths; 95% UI, 810 304-998 125), diarrheal diseases among older children (38 325 deaths; 95% UI, 30 365-47 678), and road injuries among adolescents (115 186 deaths; 95% UI, 105 185-124 870). Iron deficie
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- 2016
212. ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Desymmetrisation
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Borissov, A., primary, Davies, T. Q., additional, Ellis, S. R., additional, Fleming, T. A., additional, Richardson, M. S. W., additional, and Dixon, D. J., additional
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- 2016
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213. Synergistic efficacy of three plant extracts,bergeniaciliata, acoruscalamus and dioscoreabulbifera for antimicrobial activity
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K, GOWRI SHANKAR, primary, FLEMING T, ALBIN, additional, R, VIDHYA,, additional, and PRADHAN, NAMRATA, additional
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- 2016
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214. Methylglyoxal is associated with changes in kidney function among individuals with screen-detected Type 2 diabetes mellitus
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Jensen, T. M., primary, Vistisen, D., additional, Fleming, T., additional, Nawroth, P. P., additional, Rossing, P., additional, Jørgensen, M. E., additional, Lauritzen, T., additional, Sandbaek, A., additional, and Witte, D. R., additional
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- 2016
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215. Year 5 of the Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) Program for Remote Underserved Minority Populations of the Pacific Region
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Novotny, Rachel, primary, Fialkowski, M., additional, Fleming, T., additional, Bersamin, A., additional, Deenik, J., additional, Coleman, P., additional, and Guerrero, R. Leon, additional
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- 2016
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216. Changes in Community Readiness in the Children’s Healthy Living (CHL) Program in Remote Underserved Minority Populations of the Pacific
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Fialkowski, Marie Kainoa, primary, Yamanaka, A., additional, Fleming, T., additional, Coleman, P., additional, Bersamin, A., additional, Guerrero, R.L., additional, and Novotny, R., additional
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- 2016
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217. Dicarbonyl Stress Mimics Diabetic Neurovascular Damage in the Retina
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Kolibabka, M., additional, Friedrichs, P., additional, Dietrich, N., additional, Fleming, T., additional, Schlotterer, A., additional, and Hammes, H.-P., additional
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- 2016
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218. Pulmonale Fibrose: eine diabetische Spätkomplikation
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Kopf, S, primary, Ziagaki, A, additional, Gröner, J, additional, Friedrich, J, additional, Szendrödi, J, additional, Fleming, T, additional, Herzig, S, additional, Katus, H, additional, Häring, HU, additional, Roden, M, additional, and Nawroth, P, additional
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- 2016
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219. Cation channels of the TRPC family contribute to development of nephropathy and retinopathy in the STZ model
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Schumacher, D, primary, Matka, C, additional, Sachdeva, R, additional, Dietrich, N, additional, Schlotterer, A, additional, Mathar, I, additional, Homberg, S, additional, Kriebs, U, additional, Stettner, P, additional, Nawroth, PP, additional, Gröne, HJ, additional, Hammes, HP, additional, Fleming, T, additional, and Freichel, M, additional
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- 2016
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220. Angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) localizes to mitochondria of renal tubules and modifies mitochondrial function in early stages of type 1 diabetes in rats
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Micakovic, T, primary, Papagiannarou, M, additional, Clark, E, additional, Volk, N, additional, Fleming, T, additional, Gröne, HJ, additional, and Hoffmann, S, additional
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- 2016
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221. External muscle stimulation differentiates circulating hematopoietic stem cells in diabetes patients
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Spanidis, I, primary, Hidmark, A, additional, Fleming, T, additional, Volk, N, additional, Eckstein, V, additional, Gröner, JB, additional, Kopf, S, additional, Nawroth, PP, additional, and Oikonomou, D, additional
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- 2016
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222. The effect of lifestyle intervention in severely obese subjects on the soluble form of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)
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Sulaj, A, primary, Zemva, J, additional, Zech, U, additional, Woehning, A, additional, Brune, M, additional, Rudofsky, G, additional, Nawroth, P, additional, Fleming, T, additional, and Bauer, R von, additional
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- 2016
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223. Reactive metabolites impair neuroretinal function
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Kolibabka, M, primary, Schlotterer, A, additional, Dietrich, N, additional, Fleming, T, additional, Nawroth, P, additional, and Hammes, HP, additional
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- 2016
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224. Einfluss reaktiver Metabolite auf Gefäßschaden, Mikroglia-Aktivierung und neuronale Funktion in der diabetischen Retina
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Schlotterer, A, primary, Dietrich, N, additional, Kolibabka, M, additional, Fleming, T, additional, Klein, T, additional, Nawroth, P, additional, and Hammes, HP, additional
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- 2016
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225. Komponenten eines neu identifizierten zellulären Schutzmechanismus gegen Methylglyoxal-induzierte Proteinschädigung liegen in der diabetischen Nephropathie hochreguliert vor
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Zemva, J, primary, Fleming, T, additional, Kaden, S, additional, Gröne, HJ, additional, Herpel, E, additional, Schmidt, L, additional, Bergheim, BG, additional, Nawroth, PP, additional, and Tyedmers, J, additional
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- 2016
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226. Prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland grassland and cereals, and the influence of soils and rainfall
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Fleming, T. R., primary, McGowan, N. E., additional, Maule, A. G., additional, and Fleming, C. C., additional
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- 2016
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227. Laparoscopic burch urethropexy in a private clinical practice
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Gino Tutera, Fleming T. Mattox, and Enrique G. Jacome
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Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Urinary Incontinence, Stress ,Urinary incontinence ,Gynecologic Surgical Procedures ,Postoperative Complications ,Urethra ,medicine ,Humans ,Intraoperative Complications ,Laparoscopy ,Aged ,Aged, 80 and over ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Urinary retention ,business.industry ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Middle Aged ,Ambulatory Surgical Procedure ,Surgery ,Catheter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Ambulatory Surgical Procedures ,Private practice ,Concomitant ,Female ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Study Objective . To determine the effectiveness of laparoscopic Burch urethropexy in a private practice setting. Design . Prospective, observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II–2). Setting . Private practice. Patients . Fifty-one consecutive women with stress urinary incontinence (15 genuine stress urinary incontinence, 36 concomitant degrees of pelvic organ prolapse). Intervention . Laparoscopic Burch urethropexy was performed with sutures in 36 patients and with mesh and staples in 15, in combination with laparoscopic vaginal vault suspension, paravaginal repair, laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and other procedures. Measurements and Main Results . Intraoperative complications occurred in 10% of cases; all were recognized and repaired laparoscopically. Operating time ranged from 55 minutes to 3 hours (median 2 hrs 25 min). Forty-four (86%) surgeries were done on an outpatient basis, five women required an overnight stay, and two were admitted. Forty-seven (93%) patients were discharged without a catheter; two had urinary retention requiring a catheter for 5 days. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 42 months (average 24 mo). Forth-eight women (94%) were cured, three (6%) failed therapy, and six (12%) developed de novo detrusor instability. Conclusion . Burch urethropexy can be performed safely by laparoscopy in a private practice setting with success similar to that of open technique. Most intraoperative complications can be corrected laparoscopically with no increase in morbidity.(/)
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- 1999
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228. Testosterone therapy for clinical symptoms of hypogonadism in eugonadal men with AIDS
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Wilfert Cm and Fleming T
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Adult ,Male ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Psychological intervention ,Developing country ,Dermatology ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,Zidovudine ,Anabolic Agents ,0302 clinical medicine ,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) ,Randomized controlled trial ,law ,Humans ,Medicine ,Testosterone ,Pharmacology (medical) ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Intensive care medicine ,Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ,Pregnancy ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Hypogonadism ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,virus diseases ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Clinical trial ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,0305 other medical science ,business ,Developed country ,medicine.drug - Abstract
We conducted a small exploratory study to assess whether testosterone therapy is an effective treatment for clinical symptoms characteristic of hypogonadism in eugonadal men with AIDS. Treatment consisted of 12 weeks of bi-weekly intramuscular injections of testosterone cypionate. Twenty-three men enrolled in the study; mean age was 37 and 44% were ethnic minorities. All had an AIDS diagnosis and the mean CD4 cell count was 150 cells/mm3. All baseline serum testosterone levels were within the laboratory reference range and above 500 ng/dl. Diminished libido was an inclusion criterion, plus each patient had at least one additional symptom (low mood, low energy, loss of appetite and/or weight). Nineteen men completed the trial and a majority of patients responded with regard to libido (89%), mood (67%), energy (71%), and appetite (67%) as rated by the Clinical Global Impressions Scale. With the exception of appetite, self and clinician rated measures showed significant improvement in all symptom domains. Among the 14 study completers with significant weight loss, the average weight gain was 2.3 kg, with a 1.8 kg increase in body cell mass and no change in body fat. These results suggest that testosterone is as effective in treating these symptoms in eugonadal men with AIDS as we have found in our research with hypogonadal HIV+men.
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- 1998
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229. Peripartum Hyponatraemia: A Rare Occurrence?
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Fleming T and Yeung E
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Dilutional hyponatraemia ,Obstetrics ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Omics ,Surgery ,Intravenous fluid ,medicine ,medicine.symptom ,Diuretic ,Peripartum Period ,Complication ,business ,Polydipsia ,reproductive and urinary physiology ,Hormone - Abstract
Background: Hyponatraemia is a recognised, but underreported complication of the peripartum period. This presentation endeavours to bring to light the susceptibility of labouring women and their babies to hyponatraemia by presenting an overview of sodium metabolism, in addition to a case report and review of the current literature. Case study: A 33 years multiparous lady in spontaneous labour developed confusion four hours postnatal and was found to have serum sodium of 114mmol/L. She had not received oxytocin or intravenous fluid supplementation intrapartum, and reports consumption of 2.5 litres of water in the preceding six hours of labour. Conclusion: There are a number of factors which predispose the pregnant woman to a dilutional hyponatraemia, including the elevated fluid volume, iatrogenic fluid supplementation, “encouraged” polydipsia and alterations in Anti Diuretic Hormone (ADH).
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- 2014
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230. Using CD4 percentage and age to optimize pediatric antiretroviral therapy initiation
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Yin, D.E., Warshaw, M.G., Miller, W.C., Castro, H., Fiscus, S.A., Harper, L.M., Harrison, L.J., Klein, N.J., Lewis, J., Melvin, A.J., Tudor Williams, G., Mckinney, R.E., Brouwers, P., Costello, D., Ferguson, E., Fiscus, S., Hodge, J., Hughes, M., Jennings, C., Melvin, A., Mckinney, R., Mofenson, L., Warshaw, M., Smith, M., Spector, S., Stiehm, E., Toye, M., Yogev, R., Babiker, A., Compagnucci, A., De Rossi, A., Giaquinto, C., Darbyshire, J., Debré, M., Gibb, D., Harper, L., Harrison, L., Klein, N., Pillay, D., Saidi, Y., Walker, A., Brody, B., Hill, C., Lepage, P., Modlin, J., Poziak, A., Rein, M., Robb, M., Fleming, T., Vella, S., Kim, K., Bologna, R., Mecikovsky, D., Pineda, N., Sen, L., Mangano, A., Marino, S., Galvez, C., Deluchi, G., Zöhrer, B., Zenz, W., Daghofer, E., Pfurtscheller, K., Pabst, B., Gomez, M., Mcneil, P., Jervis, M., Whyms, I., Kwolfe, D., Scott, S., Mussi Pinhata MM, Issac, M., Cervi, M., Negrini, B., Matsubara, T., de Souza CB, Gabaldi, J., Oliveira, R., Sapia, M., Abreu, T., Evangelista, L., Pala, A., Fernandes, I., Farias, I., Melo M, D.F., Carreira, H., Lira, L., Della Negra, M., Queiroz, W., Lian, Y., Pacola, D., Pinto, J., Ferreira, F., Kakehasi, F., Martins, L., Diniz, A., Lobato, V., Diniz, M., Cleto, S., Costa, S., Romeiro, J., Dollfus, C., Tabone, M., Courcoux, M., Vaudre, G., Dehée, A., Schnuriger, A., Le Gueyades, N., De Bortoli, C., Méchinaud, F., Reliquet, V., Arias, J., Rodallec, A., André, E., Falconi, I., Le Pelletier, A., Monpoux, F., Cottalorda, J., Mellul, S., Lachassinne, E., Galimand, J., Rouzioux, C., Chaix, M., Benabadji, Z., Pourrat, M., Firtion, G., Rivaux, D., Denon, M., Boudjoudi, N., Nganzali, F., Krivine, A., Méritet, J., Delommois, G., Norgeux, C., Guérin, C., Floch, C., Marty, L., Hichou, H., Tournier, V., Faye, A., Le Moal, I., Sellier, M., Dehache, L., Damond, F., Leleu, J., Beniken, D., Alexandre Castor, G., Neubert, J., Niehues, T., Laws, H., Huck, K., Gudowius, S., Siepermann, K., Loeffler, H., Bellert, S., Ortwin, A., Notheis, G., Wintergerst, U., Hoffman, F., Werthmann, A., Seyboldt, S., Schneider, L., Bucholz, B., Feiterna Sperling, C., Peiser, C., Nickel, R., Schmitz, T., Piening, T., Müller, C., Warncke, G., Wigger, M., Neubauer, R., Butler, K., Chong, A., Boulger, T., Menon, A., O'Connell, M., Barrett, L., Rochford, A., Goode, M., Hayes, E., Mcdonagh, S., Walsh, A., Doyle, A., Fanning, J., O'Connor, M., Byrne, M., O'Sullivan, N., Hyland, E., Giacomet, V., Viganò, A., Colombo, I., Trabattoni, D., Berzi, A., Badolato, R., Schumacher, F., Bennato, V., Brusati, M., Sorlini, A., Spinelli, E., Filisetti, M., Bertulli, C., Rampon, O., Zanchetta, M., Mazza, A., Stringari, G., Rossetti, G., Bernardi, S., Martino, A., Castelli Gattinara, G., Palma, P., Pontrelli, G., Tchidjou, H., Furcas, A., Frillici, C., Mazzei, A., Zoccano, A., Concato, C., Duiculescu, D., Oprea, C., Tardei, G., Abaab, F., Mardarescu, M., Draghicenoiu, R., Otelea, D., Alecsandru, L., Matusa, R., Rugina, S., Ilie, M., Netescu, S., Florea, C., Voicu, E., Poalelungi, D., Belmega, C., Vladau, L., Chiriac, A., Ramos Amador JT, Gonzalez Tomé MI, Rojo Conejo, P., Fernandez, M., Delgado Garcia, R., Ferrari, J., Garcia Lopez, M., Mellado Peña MJ, Martin Fontelos, P., Jimenez Nacher, I., Muñoz Fernandez MA, Jimenez, J., García Torre, A., Penin, M., Pineiro Perez, R., Garcia Mellado, I., Finn, A., Lajeunesse, M., Hutchison, E., Usher, J., Ball, L., Dunn, M., Sharland, M., Doerholt, K., Storey, S., Donaghy, S., Chakraborty, R., Wells, C., Buckberry, K., Rice, P., Mcmaster, P., Butler, P., O'Connell C, R., Shenton, J., Haley, H., Orendi, J., Stroobant, J., Navarante, L., Archer, P., Mazhude, C., Scott, D., O'Connell, R., Wong, J., Boddy, G., Shackley, F., Lakshman, R., Hobbs, J., Ball, G., Kudesia, G., Bane, J., Painter, D., Sloper, K., Shah, V., Cheng, A., Aali, A., Ball, C., Hawkins, S., Nayagam, D., Waters, A., Doshi, S., Liebeschuetz, S., Sodiende, B., Shingadia, D., Wong, S., Swan, J., Shah, Z., Collinson, A., Hayes, C., King, J., O'Connor, K., Lyall, H., Fidler, K., Walters, S., Foster, C., Hamadache, D., Newbould, C., Monrose, C., Campbell, S., Yeung, S., Cohen, J., Martinez Allier, N., Melvin, D., Dodge, J., Welch, S., Tatum, G., Gordon, A., Kaye, S., Muir, D., Patel, D., Novelli, V., Moshal, K., Lambert, J., Flynn, J., Farrelly, L., Clapson, M., Spencer, L., Depala, M., Jacobsen, M., Segal, S., Pollard, A., Kelly, D., Yeadon, S., Ohene Kena, B., Peng, Y., Dong, T., Jeffries, K., Snelling, M., Smyth, A., Smith, J., Ward, B., Jungmann, E., Ryan, C., Swaby, K., Buckton, A., Smit, E., Abrams, E., Champion, S., Fernandez, A., Calo, D., Garrovillo, L., Swaminathan, K., Alford, T., Frere, M., Navarra, J., Borkowsky, W., Deygoo, S., Hastings, T., Akleh, S., Ilmet, T., Mohan, K., Bowen, G., Emmanuel, P., Lujan Zimmerman, J., Rodriguez, C., Johnson, S., Marion, A., Graisbery, C., Casey, D., Lewis, G., Guzman Cottrill, J., Croteau, R., Acevedo Flores, M., Gonzalez, M., Angeli, L., Fabregas, L., Valentin, P., Weiner, L., Contello, K., Holz, W., Butler, M., Nachman, S., Kelly, M., Ferraro, D., Rana, S., Reed, C., Yeagley, E., Malheiro, A., Roa, J., Neely, M., Kovacs, A., Homans, J., Rodriguez Lozano, Y., Puga, A., Talero, G., Sellers, R., Lawrence, R., Weinberg, G., Murante, B., Laverty, S., Deveikis, A., Batra, J., Chen, T., Michalik, D., Deville, J., Elkins, K., Marks, S., Jackson Alvarez, J., Palm, J., Fineanganofo, I., Keuth, M., Deveikis, L., Tomosada, W., Van Dyke, R., Alchediak, T., Silio, M., Borne, C., Bradford, S., Eloby Childress, S., Nguyen, K., Rathore, M., Alvarez, A., Mirza, A., Mahmoudi, S., Burke, M., Febo, I., Lugo, L., Santos, R., Church, J., Dunaway, T., Rodier, C., Flynn, P., Patel, N., Discenza, S., Donohoe, M., Luzuriaga, K., Picard, D., Kline, M., Paul, M., Shearer, W., Mcmullen, C., Chadwick, E., Cagwin, E., Kabat, K., Dieudonne, A., Palumbo, P., Johnson, J., Gaur, S., Cerracchio, L., Foca, M., Jurgrau, A., Vasquez Bonilla, S., Silva, G., Gershon, A., Sullivan, J., Bryson, Y., Frenkel, L., Nelson, J., Aboulker, J., Hadjou, G., Léonardo, S., Riault, Y., Saïdi, Y., Buck, L., Forcat, S., Horton, J., Johnson, D., Moore, S., Taylor, C., Collins, D., Buskirk, S., Kamara, P., Nesel, C., Johnson, M., Ferreira, A., Tutko, J., Sprenger, H., Britto, P., Powell, C., Dersimonian, R., Handelsman, E., Ananworanich, J., Belfrage, E., Blanche, S., Bohlin, A., Burger, D., Clayden, P., De Groot, R., Di Biagio, A., Grosch Wörner, I., Hainault, M., Lallemant, M., Levy, J., Marczynska, M., Mellado Pena MJ, Nadal, D., Naver, L., Peckham, C., Popieska, J., Rosado, L., Rosso, R., Rudin, C., Scherpbier, H., Stevanovic, M., Thorne, C., Tovo, P., Valerius, N., Poole, C., Cole, S., and Mcculloh, R.J.
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CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Male ,medicine.medical_treatment ,HIV (FISIOLOGIA) ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,HIV Infections ,medicine.disease_cause ,Treatment failure ,Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,immunologic ,Child ,HIV ,child ,reconstitution ,treatment failure ,Adolescent ,Anti-HIV Agents ,CD4 Lymphocyte Count ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Follow-Up Studies ,HIV-1 ,Humans ,Infant ,Infant, Newborn ,Follow up studies ,Immunosuppression ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Settore MED/17 - Malattie Infettive ,Antiretroviral Therapy ,World health ,Article ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Highly Active ,Preschool ,Settore MED/04 - Patologia Generale ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Settore MED/46 - Scienze Tecniche di Medicina di Laboratorio ,Newborn ,Antiretroviral therapy ,Confidence interval ,lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4] ,Immunologic ,Reconstitution ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Immunology ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Quantifying pediatric immunologic recovery by highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation at different CD4 percentage (CD4%) and age thresholds may inform decisions about timing of treatment initiation. METHODS: HIV-1-infected, HAART-naive children in Europe and the Americas were followed from 2002 through 2009 in PENPACT-1. Data from 162 vertically infected children, with at least World Health Organization “mild” immunosuppression and CD4% RESULTS: Seventy-two percent of baseline immunosuppressed children recovered to normal within 4 years. Compared with “severe” immunosuppression, more children with “mild” immunosuppression (difference 36%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 22% to 49%) or “advanced” immunosuppression (difference 20.8%, 95% CI: 5.8% to 35.9%) recovered a normal CD4%. For each 5-year increase in baseline age, the proportion of children achieving a normal CD4% declined by 19% (95% CI: 11% to 27%). Combining baseline CD4% and age effects resulted in >90% recovery when initiating HAART with “mild” immunosuppression at any age or “advanced” immunosuppression at age CONCLUSIONS: Initiating HAART at higher CD4% and younger ages maximizes potential for immunologic recovery. Guidelines should weigh immunologic benefits against long-term risks.
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- 2014
231. Tuboovarian Abscess as Primary Presentation for Imperforate Hymen
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Ho, Jeh Wen, Angstetra, D., Loong, R., and Fleming, T.
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Article Subject - Abstract
Objective. Imperforate hymen represents the extreme in the spectrum of hymenal embryological variations. The archetypal presentation in the adolescent patient is that of cyclical abdominopelvic pain in the presence of amenorrhoea. We reported a rare event of imperforate hymen presenting as a cause of tuboovarian abscess (TOA). Case Study. A 14-year-old girl presented to the emergency department complaining of severe left iliac fossa pain. It was her first episode of heavy bleeding per vagina, and she had a history of cyclical pelvic pain. She was clinically unwell, and an external genital examination demonstrated a partially perforated hymen. A transabdominal ultrasound showed grossly dilated serpiginous fallopian tubes. The upper part of the vagina was filled with homogeneous echogenic substance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated complex right adnexa mass with bilateral pyo-haemato-salpinges, haematometra, and haematocolpos. In theatre, the imperforate hymen was opened via cruciate incision and blood was drained from the vagina. At laparoscopy, dense purulent material was evacuated prior to an incision and drainage of the persistent right TOA. Conclusion. Ideally identification of imperforate hymen should occur during neonatal examination to prevent symptomatic presentation. Our case highlights the risks of late recognition resulting in the development of sepsis and TOA.
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- 2014
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232. St. Louis encephalitis virus temperature-sensitive mutants: I. Induction, isolation and preliminary characterization
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Hollingshead, Jr., Ph. G., Brawner, Th. A., and Fleming, T. P.
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- 1983
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233. Specifically horizontally tethered DNA probes on Au surfaces allow labelled and label-free DNA detection using SERS and electrochemically driven melting
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Papadopoulou, E., primary, Gale, N., additional, Thompson, J. F., additional, Fleming, T. A., additional, Brown, T., additional, and Bartlett, P. N., additional
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- 2016
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234. Organocatalytic enantioselective desymmetrisation
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Borissov, A., primary, Davies, T. Q., additional, Ellis, S. R., additional, Fleming, T. A., additional, Richardson, M. S. W., additional, and Dixon, D. J., additional
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- 2016
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235. Effect of Interruption of the Visual Pathway on the Response to Geniculate Stimulation
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Posternak, Jean M., Fleming, T. Corwin, and Evarts, Edward V.
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- 1959
236. Expression cDNA Cloning of a Transforming Gene Encoding the Wild-Type Gα12 Gene Product
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Chan, A M, Fleming, T P, McGovern, E S, Chedid, M, Miki, T, and Aaronson, S A
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Sequence Homology, Amino Acid ,Molecular Sequence Data ,3T3 Cells ,DNA ,Oncogenes ,Suramin ,Cell Biology ,Blotting, Northern ,Mice ,Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ,GTP-Binding Proteins ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Cloning, Molecular ,Molecular Biology ,Research Article ,Gene Library - Abstract
Using an expression cDNA cloning approach, we examined human tumor cell lines for novel oncogenes that might evade detection by conventional techniques. We isolated a transforming sequence that was highly efficient in transforming NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. DNA sequence analysis identified the gene as the human homolog of a recently cloned alpha subunit of mouse GTP-binding protein G alpha 12. NIH 3T3 cells transfected with G alpha 12 cDNA grew in soft agar and were tumorigenic in nude mice. There were no apparent mutations in the cloned cDNA in comparison with a G alpha 12 cDNA clone isolated from a normal human epithelial cell library, implying that overexpression alone was sufficient to cause NIH 3T3 cell transformation. The observed altered growth properties mediated by G alpha 12 showed a certain degree of dependency on serum factors, and its mitogenic potential was also potently inhibited by suramin treatment.
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- 1993
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237. Trial for the Prevention of Depression (TriPoD) in final-year secondary students: Study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
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Perry, Y ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-3434, Calear, AL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-725X, Mackinnon, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-9801, Batterham, PJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-6876, Licinio, J, King, C, Thomsen, N, Scott, J, Donker, T, Merry, S, Fleming, T, Stasiak, K, Werner-Seidler, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-6159, Christensen, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2065, Perry, Y ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7974-3434, Calear, AL ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7028-725X, Mackinnon, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0831-9801, Batterham, PJ ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4547-6876, Licinio, J, King, C, Thomsen, N, Scott, J, Donker, T, Merry, S, Fleming, T, Stasiak, K, Werner-Seidler, A ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9046-6159, and Christensen, H ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2065
- Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that current treatments cannot fully alleviate the burden of disease associated with depression but that prevention approaches offer a promising opportunity to further reduce this burden. Adolescence is a critical period in the development of mental illness, and final school examinations are a significant and nearly universal stressor that may act as a trigger for mental health difficulties such as depression. The aim of the present trial is to investigate the impact of SPARX-R, an online, gamified intervention based on cognitive behavioural principles, on the prevention of depression in secondary school students before their final examinations. Methods/Design: Government, independent and Catholic secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia, will be recruited to participate in the trial. All students enrolled in their final year of high school (year 12) in participating schools will be invited to participate. To account for possible attrition, the target sample size was set at 1600 participants across 30 schools. Participating schools will be cluster randomised at the school level to receive either SPARX-R or lifeSTYLE, an attention-controlled placebo comparator. The control intervention is an online program aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression, and secondary outcomes will include symptoms of anxiety, suicidal ideation and behaviours, stigma and academic performance. Additional measures of cost-effectiveness, as well as process variables (e.g., adherence, acceptability) and potential predictors of response to treatment, will be collected. Consenting parents will be invited to complete measures regarding their own mental health and expectations for their child. Assessments will be conducted pre- and post-intervention and at 6- and 18-month follow-up. Primary analyses will compare changes in levels of depressive symptomatology for the intervention group relative to the attention
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- 2015
238. Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study
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Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme, Beral, Valerie, Bloch, Mark ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-5013, Carey, Cate, Carr, Andrew, Cooper, David ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-6678, Courtney-Rodgers, David, Jacoby, Simone ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-9717, Leung, Julie, Petersen, Desiree, Pett, Sarah, Murray, DD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-8661, Suzuki, K, Law, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-8837, Trebicka, J, Neuhaus, J, Wentworth, D, Johnson, M, Vjecha, MJ, Kelleher, AD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-3337, Emery, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-8309, Aagaard, B, Aragon, E, Arnaiz, J, Borup, L, Clotet, B, Dragsted, U, Fau, A, Gey, D, Grarup, J, Hengge, U, Herrero, P, Jansson, P, Jensen, B, Jensen, K, Juncher, H, Lopez, P, Lundgren, JD, Matthews, C, Mollerup, D, Pearson, M, Phillips, A, Reilev, S, Tillmann, K, Varea, S, Angus, B, Babiker, A, Cordwell, B, Darbyshire, J, Dodds, W, Fleck, S, Horton, J, Hudson, F, Moraes, Y, Pacciarini, F, Palfreeman, A, Paton, N, Smith, N, Van Hooff, F, Bebchuk, J, Collins, G, Denning, E, DuChene, A, Fosdick, L, Harrison, M, Herman-Lamin, K, Krum, E, Larson, G, Neaton, J, Nelson, R, Quan, K, Quan, S, Schultz, T, Thompson, G, Wyman, N, Carey, C, Chan, F, Cooper, D, Courtney-Rodgers, D, Drummond, F, Harrod, M, Jacoby, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-9717, Kearney, L, Lin, E, Pett, S, Robson, R, Seneviratne, N, Stewart, M, Watts, E, Finley, E, Gordin, F, Sánchez, A, Standridge, B, Belloso, W, Davey, R, Duprez, D, Gatell, J, Hoy, J, Lifson, A, Pederson, C, Perez, G, Price, R, Prineas, R, Rhame, F, Sampson, J, Worley, J, Modlin, J, Beral, V, Chaisson, R, Fleming, T, Hill, C, Konecny, Pamela ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-2287, Medland, Nicholas ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-8930, Sullivan, John, Han, Anna, Pacheco, Antonio Guilherme, Beral, Valerie, Bloch, Mark ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1143-5013, Carey, Cate, Carr, Andrew, Cooper, David ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6031-6678, Courtney-Rodgers, David, Jacoby, Simone ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-9717, Leung, Julie, Petersen, Desiree, Pett, Sarah, Murray, DD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8501-8661, Suzuki, K, Law, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3540-8837, Trebicka, J, Neuhaus, J, Wentworth, D, Johnson, M, Vjecha, MJ, Kelleher, AD ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0009-3337, Emery, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6072-8309, Aagaard, B, Aragon, E, Arnaiz, J, Borup, L, Clotet, B, Dragsted, U, Fau, A, Gey, D, Grarup, J, Hengge, U, Herrero, P, Jansson, P, Jensen, B, Jensen, K, Juncher, H, Lopez, P, Lundgren, JD, Matthews, C, Mollerup, D, Pearson, M, Phillips, A, Reilev, S, Tillmann, K, Varea, S, Angus, B, Babiker, A, Cordwell, B, Darbyshire, J, Dodds, W, Fleck, S, Horton, J, Hudson, F, Moraes, Y, Pacciarini, F, Palfreeman, A, Paton, N, Smith, N, Van Hooff, F, Bebchuk, J, Collins, G, Denning, E, DuChene, A, Fosdick, L, Harrison, M, Herman-Lamin, K, Krum, E, Larson, G, Neaton, J, Nelson, R, Quan, K, Quan, S, Schultz, T, Thompson, G, Wyman, N, Carey, C, Chan, F, Cooper, D, Courtney-Rodgers, D, Drummond, F, Harrod, M, Jacoby, S ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6391-9717, Kearney, L, Lin, E, Pett, S, Robson, R, Seneviratne, N, Stewart, M, Watts, E, Finley, E, Gordin, F, Sánchez, A, Standridge, B, Belloso, W, Davey, R, Duprez, D, Gatell, J, Hoy, J, Lifson, A, Pederson, C, Perez, G, Price, R, Prineas, R, Rhame, F, Sampson, J, Worley, J, Modlin, J, Beral, V, Chaisson, R, Fleming, T, Hill, C, Konecny, Pamela ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-2287, Medland, Nicholas ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0403-8930, Sullivan, John, and Han, Anna
- Abstract
Introduction: The use of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically reduced HIV-1 associated morbidity and mortality. However, HIV-1 infected individuals have increased rates of morbidity and mortality compared to the non-HIV-1 infected population and this appears to be related to end-organ diseases collectively referred to as Serious Non-AIDS Events (SNAEs). Circulating miRNAs are reported as promising biomarkers for a number of human disease conditions including those that constitute SNAEs. Our study sought to investigate the potential of selected miRNAs in predicting mortality in HIV-1 infected ART treated individuals. Materials and Methods: A set of miRNAs was chosen based on published associations with human disease conditions that constitute SNAEs. This case: control study compared 126 cases (individuals who died whilst on therapy), and 247 matched controls (individuals who remained alive). Cases and controls were ART treated participants of two pivotal HIV-1 trials. The relative abundance of each miRNA in serum was measured, by RTqPCR. Associations with mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and malignancy) were assessed by logistic regression analysis. Correlations between miRNAs and CD4+ T cell count, hs-CRP, IL-6 and D-dimer were also assessed. Results: None of the selected miRNAs was associated with all-cause, cardiovascular or malignancy mortality. The levels of three miRNAs (miRs -21, -122 and -200a) correlated with IL-6 while miR-21 also correlated with D-dimer. Additionally, the abundance of miRs -31, -150 and -223, correlated with baseline CD4+ T cell count while the same three miRNAs plus miR- 145 correlated with nadir CD4+ T cell count. Discussion: No associations with mortality were found with any circulating miRNA studied. These results cast doubt onto the effectiveness of circulating miRNA as early predictors of mortality or the major underlying diseases that contribute to mortality in participants treated for HIV-1 infection.
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- 2015
239. Circulating microRNAs in sera correlate with soluble biomarkers of immune activation but do not predict mortality in ART treated individuals with HIV-1 infection: A case control study
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Murray, Daniel D., Suzuki, Kazuo, Law, Matthew, Trebicka, Jonel, Neuhaus, Jacquie, Wentworth, Deborah, Johnson, Margaret, Vjecha, Michael J., Kelleher, Anthony D., Emery, Sean, Lundgren, J., Angus, B., Larson, G., Beral, V., Chaisson, R, Fleming, T., Hill, C., Rogers, Gary, SMART STUDY GROUP, ESPIRIT STUDY GROUP, Murray, Daniel D., Suzuki, Kazuo, Law, Matthew, Trebicka, Jonel, Neuhaus, Jacquie, Wentworth, Deborah, Johnson, Margaret, Vjecha, Michael J., Kelleher, Anthony D., Emery, Sean, Lundgren, J., Angus, B., Larson, G., Beral, V., Chaisson, R, Fleming, T., Hill, C., Rogers, Gary, SMART STUDY GROUP, and ESPIRIT STUDY GROUP
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- 2015
240. Trial for the Prevention of Depression (TriPoD) in final-year secondary students: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial
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Perry, Y, Calear, AL, Mackinnon, A, Batterham, PJ, Licinio, J, King, C, Thomsen, N, Scott, J, Donker, T, Merry, S, Fleming, T, Stasiak, K, Werner-Seidler, A, Christensen, H, Perry, Y, Calear, AL, Mackinnon, A, Batterham, PJ, Licinio, J, King, C, Thomsen, N, Scott, J, Donker, T, Merry, S, Fleming, T, Stasiak, K, Werner-Seidler, A, and Christensen, H
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that current treatments cannot fully alleviate the burden of disease associated with depression but that prevention approaches offer a promising opportunity to further reduce this burden. Adolescence is a critical period in the development of mental illness, and final school examinations are a significant and nearly universal stressor that may act as a trigger for mental health difficulties such as depression. The aim of the present trial is to investigate the impact of SPARX-R, an online, gamified intervention based on cognitive behavioural principles, on the prevention of depression in secondary school students before their final examinations. METHODS/DESIGN: Government, independent and Catholic secondary schools in New South Wales, Australia, will be recruited to participate in the trial. All students enrolled in their final year of high school (year 12) in participating schools will be invited to participate. To account for possible attrition, the target sample size was set at 1600 participants across 30 schools. Participating schools will be cluster randomised at the school level to receive either SPARX-R or lifeSTYLE, an attention-controlled placebo comparator. The control intervention is an online program aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The primary outcome will be symptoms of depression, and secondary outcomes will include symptoms of anxiety, suicidal ideation and behaviours, stigma and academic performance. Additional measures of cost-effectiveness, as well as process variables (e.g., adherence, acceptability) and potential predictors of response to treatment, will be collected. Consenting parents will be invited to complete measures regarding their own mental health and expectations for their child. Assessments will be conducted pre- and post-intervention and at 6- and 18-month follow-up. Primary analyses will compare changes in levels of depressive symptomatology for the intervention group relative to the attention
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- 2015
241. Turtles in the firing line: Red foxes caught red-handed
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Dawson, S., Fleming, T., Huston, B., Adams, P., Dawson, S., Fleming, T., Huston, B., and Adams, P.
- Abstract
The oblong turtle (Chelodina colliei) is native to freshwater systems throughout the south west of Western Australia.
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- 2015
242. The role of serum methylglyoxal on diabetic peripheral and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy:the ADDITION Denmark study
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Hansen, C. S., Jensen, T.M., Jensen, J S, Nawroth, P, Fleming, T, Witte, D R, Lauritzen, T, Sandbaek, A, Charles, M, Fleischer, J., Vistisen, D., Jørgensen, M. E., Hansen, C. S., Jensen, T.M., Jensen, J S, Nawroth, P, Fleming, T, Witte, D R, Lauritzen, T, Sandbaek, A, Charles, M, Fleischer, J., Vistisen, D., and Jørgensen, M. E.
- Abstract
AIMS: Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and diabetic peripheral neuropathy are common diabetic complications and independent predictors of cardiovascular disease. The glucose metabolite methylglyoxal has been suggested to play a causal role in the pathogeneses of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and possibly diabetic cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross-sectional association between serum methylglyoxal and diabetic peripheral neuropathy and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in a subset of patients in the ADDITION-Denmark study with short-term screen-detected Type 2 diabetes (duration ~ 5.8 years).METHODS: The patients were well controlled with regard to HbA(1c), lipids and blood pressure. Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy was assessed by measures of resting heart rate variability and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy was assessed by vibration detection threshold (n = 319), 10 g monofilament (n = 543) and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument questionnaire (n = 966). Painful diabetic neuropathy was assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory short form (n = 882).RESULTS: No associations between methylglyoxal and cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests or any measures of diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy were observed. However, a positive association between methylglyoxal and several heart rate variability indices was observed, although these associations were not statistically significant when corrected for multiple testing.CONCLUSION: Serum methylglyoxal is not associated with cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy or painful diabetic neuropathy in this cohort of well-treated patients with short-term diabetes.
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- 2015
243. 'Your Child Ate What?' Frequently Consumed Foods among Young Children in the US Affiliated Pacific (USAP): The Children's Healthy Living (CHL) Program
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Ettienne, R., Boushey, Carol, Yonemori, K., Fialkowski, M., Guerrero, R., Bersamin, A., Coleman, P., Fleming, T., Novotny, R., Ettienne, R., Boushey, Carol, Yonemori, K., Fialkowski, M., Guerrero, R., Bersamin, A., Coleman, P., Fleming, T., and Novotny, R.
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- 2015
244. P-466: Factors associated with postoperative blood transfusion requirements in Proximal Femoral Fractures-Local population study
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Fleming, T., primary, MacDonald, H., additional, and Solanki, T., additional
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- 2015
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245. Group Singing as a Therapy during Diabetes Training – A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study
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Groener, J., additional, Neus, I., additional, Kopf, S., additional, Hartmann, M., additional, Schanz, J., additional, Kliemank, E., additional, Wetekam, B., additional, Kihm, L., additional, Fleming, T., additional, Herzog, W., additional, and Nawroth, P.P., additional
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- 2015
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246. Cyclic Executives, Multi-core Platforms and Mixed Criticality Applications
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Burns, A., primary, Fleming, T., additional, and Baruah, S., additional
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- 2015
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247. Embryos, DOHaD and David Barker
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Fleming, T. P., primary, Velazquez, M. A., additional, and Eckert, J. J., additional
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- 2015
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248. Induktion von zellulären Schutzmechanismen gegen den Diabetes-relevanten reaktiven Metaboliten Methylglyoxal
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Zemva, J, primary, Fleming, T, additional, Herpel, E, additional, Kaden, S, additional, Gröne, HJ, additional, Nawroth, PP, additional, and Tyedmers, J, additional
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- 2015
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249. Effect of LDL-apheresis on the soluble form of Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM)
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Sulaj, A, primary, Bauer, R von, additional, Kopf, S, additional, Brune, M, additional, Mendler, M, additional, Nawroth, PP, additional, and Fleming, T, additional
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- 2015
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250. Cation channels of the TRPC family contribute to development of nephropathy and retinopathy in the STZ model
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Freichel, M, primary, Schumacher, D, additional, Matka, C, additional, Mathar, I, additional, Kriebs, U, additional, Sachdeva, R, additional, Stettner, P, additional, Hammes, HP, additional, Gröne, HJ, additional, Nawroth, P, additional, and Fleming, T, additional
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- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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