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1,097 results on '"Freire, Carmen"'

201. Association of Urinary Levels of Bisphenols A, F, and S with Endometriosis Risk: Preliminary Results of the EndEA Study

Author

Peinado, Francisco M., primary, Lendínez, Inmaculada, additional, Sotelo, Rafael, additional, Iribarne-Durán, Luz M., additional, Fernández-Parra, Jorge, additional, Vela-Soria, Fernando, additional, Olea, Nicolás, additional, Fernández, Mariana F., additional, Freire, Carmen, additional, León, Josefa, additional, Pérez-Cabrera, Beatriz, additional, Ocón-Hernández, Olga, additional, and Artacho-Cordón, Francisco, additional

Published
2020
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205. Latest advances on bacterial cellulose-based materials for wound healing, delivery systems and tissue engineering

Author

Carvalho, Tiago, Guedes, Gabriela, Sousa, Filipa L., Freire, Carmen S. R., Santos, Hélder A., Drug Research Program, University Management, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Nanomedicines and Biomedical Engineering, and Helsinki Institute of Life Science HiLIFE

Subjects
BIOGLASS SCAFFOLD, biomedical applications, DRUG-RELEASE, bacterial cellulose, regenerative medicine, wound healing, CONTROLLED-RELEASE, IN-VITRO, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, MESENCHYMAL STEM-CELLS, 317 Pharmacy, MUSCLE-CELLS, NANOFIBROUS SCAFFOLD, drug delivery, NANOCELLULOSE, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS
Abstract

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a nanocellulose form produced by some nonpathogenic bacteria. BC presents unique physical, chemical, and biological properties that make it a very versatile material and has found application in several fields, namely in food industry, cosmetics, and biomedicine. This review overviews the latest state-of-the-art usage of BC on three important areas of the biomedical field, namely delivery systems, wound dressing and healing materials, and tissue engineering for regenerative medicine. BC will be reviewed as a promising biopolymer for the design and development of innovative materials for the mentioned applications. Overall, BC is shown to be an effective and versatile carrier for delivery systems, a safe and multicustomizable patch or graft for wound dressing and healing applications, and a material that can be further tuned to better adjust for each tissue engineering application, by using different methods.

Published
2019

206. Tailored PISA-latexes for modification of nanocellulosics : Investigating compatibilizing and plasticizing effects

Author

Engström, Joakim, Hatton, Fiona, Benselfelt, Tobias, Freire, Carmen, Vilela, Carla, Boujemaoui, Assya, Sanchez, Carmen, Lo Re, Giada, Wågberg, Lars, D'Agosto, Franck, Lansalot, Muriel, Carlmark, Anna, Malmström, Eva, Engström, Joakim, Hatton, Fiona, Benselfelt, Tobias, Freire, Carmen, Vilela, Carla, Boujemaoui, Assya, Sanchez, Carmen, Lo Re, Giada, Wågberg, Lars, D'Agosto, Franck, Lansalot, Muriel, Carlmark, Anna, and Malmström, Eva

Abstract

QC 20190918

Published
2019

207. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution and emotional and aggressive symptoms in children from 8 European birth cohorts

Author

Procesos psicológicos básicos y su desarrollo, Oinarrizko psikologia prozesuak eta haien garapena, Jorcano, Ainhoa, Lubczynska, Malgorzata J., Pierotti, Livia, Altug, Hicran, Ballester, Ferrán, Cesaroni, Giulia, El Marroun, Hanan, Fernandez Somoano, Ana, Freire, Carmen, Hanke, Wojciech, Hoek, Gerard, Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús María, Iniguez, Carmen, Jansen, Pauline W., Lepeule, Johanna, Markevych, Iana, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Schikowski, Tamara, Slama, Remy, Standl, Marie, Tardón, Adonina, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Von Berg, Andrea, Tiemeier, Henning, Sunyer, Jordi, Guxens, Mónica, Procesos psicológicos básicos y su desarrollo, Oinarrizko psikologia prozesuak eta haien garapena, Jorcano, Ainhoa, Lubczynska, Malgorzata J., Pierotti, Livia, Altug, Hicran, Ballester, Ferrán, Cesaroni, Giulia, El Marroun, Hanan, Fernandez Somoano, Ana, Freire, Carmen, Hanke, Wojciech, Hoek, Gerard, Ibarluzea Maurolagoitia, Jesús María, Iniguez, Carmen, Jansen, Pauline W., Lepeule, Johanna, Markevych, Iana, Polanska, Kinga, Porta, Daniela, Schikowski, Tamara, Slama, Remy, Standl, Marie, Tardón, Adonina, Vrijkotte, Tanja G. M., Von Berg, Andrea, Tiemeier, Henning, Sunyer, Jordi, and Guxens, Mónica

Abstract

Background: The association between air pollution exposure and emotional and behavioural problems in children is unclear. We aimed to assess prenatal and postnatal exposure to several air pollutants and child's depressive and anxiety symptoms, and aggressive symptoms in children of 7-11 years. Methods: We analysed data of 13182 children from 8 European population-based birth cohorts. Concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), particulate matter (PM) with diameters of <= 10 mu m (PM10), <= 2.5 mu m (PM2.5), and between 10 and 2.5 mu m (PMcoarse), the absorbance of PM2.5 filters (PM(2.5)abs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were estimated at residential addresses of each participant. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and aggressive symptoms were assessed at 7-11 years of age using parent reported tests. Children were classified in borderline/clinical range or clinical range using validated cut offs. Region specific models were adjusted for various socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics and then combined using random effect meta-analysis. Multiple imputation and inverse probability weighting methods were applied to correct for potential attrition bias. Results: A total of 1896 (14.4%) children were classified as having depressive and anxiety symptoms in the borderline/clinical range, and 1778 (13.4%) as having aggressive symptoms in the borderline/clinical range. Overall, 1108 (8.4%) and 870 (6.6%) children were classified as having depressive and anxiety symptoms, and aggressive symptoms in the clinical range, respectively. Prenatal exposure to air pollution was not associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in the borderline/clinical range (e.g. OR 1.02 [95%CI 0.95 to 1.10] per 10 mu g/m(3) higher NO2) nor with aggressive symptoms in the borderline/clinical range (e.g. OR 1.04 [95%CI 0.96 to 1.12] per 10 mu g/m(3) higher NO2). Similar results were observed for the symptoms in the clinical range, and for postnatal exposures t

Published
2019

208. Desarrollo de una aplicación informática para dispositivos móviles para la mejora del aprendizaje de la nomenclatura de compuestos orgánicos y de fármacos

Author

Giorgi, Giorgio, López-Alvarado Gutiérrez, María del Pilar, Sánchez Cebrián, Juan Domingo, Alcántara León, Andrés Rafael, Fernández Fernández, María, Söllhuber Kretzer, Mónica, Pedregal Freire, Carmen, Campo Pérez, Carmen del, Salazar Martínez de Pisón, María Loreto, Cledera Crespo, María del Pilar, Llorente Ramos, Jesús Manuel, Bravo Llatas, María del Carmen, Martín Cámara, Olmo, Hortelano Morales, Marta, Capacchione, Marcello, Giorgi, Giorgio, López-Alvarado Gutiérrez, María del Pilar, Sánchez Cebrián, Juan Domingo, Alcántara León, Andrés Rafael, Fernández Fernández, María, Söllhuber Kretzer, Mónica, Pedregal Freire, Carmen, Campo Pérez, Carmen del, Salazar Martínez de Pisón, María Loreto, Cledera Crespo, María del Pilar, Llorente Ramos, Jesús Manuel, Bravo Llatas, María del Carmen, Martín Cámara, Olmo, Hortelano Morales, Marta, and Capacchione, Marcello

Published
2019

209. The Health-Promoting Potential of Salix spp. Bark Polar Extracts: Key Insights on Phenolic Composition and In Vitro Bioactivity and Biocompatibility

Author

Ramos, Patrícia A. B., primary, Moreirinha, Catarina, additional, Silva, Sara, additional, Costa, Eduardo M., additional, Veiga, Mariana, additional, Coscueta, Ezequiel, additional, Santos, Sónia A. O., additional, Almeida, Adelaide, additional, Pintado, M. Manuela, additional, Freire, Carmen S. R., additional, Silva, Artur M. S., additional, and Silvestre, Armando J. D., additional

Published
2019
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210. Prenatal and postnatal exposure to air pollution and emotional and aggressive symptoms in children from 8 European birth cohorts

Author

Jorcano, Ainhoa, primary, Lubczyńska, Małgorzata J., additional, Pierotti, Livia, additional, Altug, Hicran, additional, Ballester, Ferran, additional, Cesaroni, Giulia, additional, El Marroun, Hanan, additional, Fernández-Somoano, Ana, additional, Freire, Carmen, additional, Hanke, Wojciech, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, Ibarluzea, Jesús, additional, Iñiguez, Carmen, additional, Jansen, Pauline W., additional, Lepeule, Johanna, additional, Markevych, Iana, additional, Polańska, Kinga, additional, Porta, Daniela, additional, Schikowski, Tamara, additional, Slama, Remy, additional, Standl, Marie, additional, Tardon, Adonina, additional, Vrijkotte, Tanja G.M., additional, von Berg, Andrea, additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Sunyer, Jordi, additional, and Guxens, Mònica, additional

Published
2019
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216. Bisphenol A and adiposity measures in peripubertal boys from the INMA-Granada cohort

Author

Mustieles, Vicente, primary, Casas, Maribel, additional, Ferrando-Marco, Patricia, additional, Ocón-Hernández, Olga, additional, Reina-Pérez, Iris, additional, Rodríguez-Carrillo, Andrea, additional, Vela-Soria, Fernando, additional, Pérez-Lobato, Rocío, additional, Navarrete-Muñoz, Eva María, additional, Freire, Carmen, additional, Olea, Nicolás, additional, and Fernández, Mariana F., additional

Published
2019
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219. Concentrations of bisphenol A and parabens in socks for infants and young children in Spain and their hormone-like activities

Author

Freire, Carmen, primary, Molina-Molina, José-Manuel, additional, Iribarne-Durán, Luz M., additional, Jiménez-Díaz, Inmaculada, additional, Vela-Soria, Fernando, additional, Mustieles, Vicente, additional, Arrebola, Juan Pedro, additional, Fernández, Mariana F., additional, Artacho-Cordón, Francisco, additional, and Olea, Nicolás, additional

Published
2019
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220. New Materials Based on Cationic Porphyrins Conjugated to Chitosan or Titanium Dioxide: Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Efficacy

Author

Castro, Kelly A. D. F., primary, Moura, Nuno M. M., additional, Figueira, Flávio, additional, Ferreira, Rosalina I., additional, Simões, Mário M. Q., additional, Cavaleiro, José A. S., additional, Faustino, M. Amparo F., additional, Silvestre, Armando J. D., additional, Freire, Carmen S. R., additional, Tomé, João P. C., additional, Nakagaki, Shirley, additional, Almeida, A., additional, and Neves, M. Graça P. M. S., additional

Published
2019
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224. Placental metal concentrations and birth outcomes: The Environment and Childhood (INMA) project

Author

Freire, Carmen, primary, Amaya, Esperanza, additional, Gil, Fernando, additional, Murcia, Mario, additional, LLop, Sabrina, additional, Casas, Maribel, additional, Vrijheid, Martine, additional, Lertxundi, Aitana, additional, Irizar, Amaia, additional, Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo, additional, Castro-Delgado, Rafael Vicente, additional, Olea, Nicolás, additional, and Fernández, Mariana F., additional

Published
2019
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228. Bio‐based sustainable films from the Algerian Opuntia ficus‐indica cladodes powder: Effect of plasticizer content.

Author

Makhloufi, Nawal, Chougui, Nadia, Rezgui, Farouk, Benramdane, Elias, Freire, Carmen S. R., Vilela, Carla, and Silvestre, Armando J. D.

Subjects
OPUNTIA ficus-indica, PLASTICIZERS, PACKAGING materials, YOUNG'S modulus, POWDERS, CELLULOSE nanocrystals
Abstract

The present study investigated the fabrication and characterization of bio‐based sustainable films composed of a terrestrial plant raw material, namely Opuntia ficus‐indica (OFI) cladodes powder (CP) and a marine seaweed derivative, namely agar (A). The effect of glycerol concentration on the properties of the casted films was evaluated at four different contents, namely 30, 40, 50 and 60 wt%. The films present UV‐blocking properties, as well as moderate mechanical performance, thermal stability, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR). The results point to an increase in thickness, elongation at break, moisture content, water solubility, and WVTR with increasing glycerol content. On the contrary, Young's modulus, tensile strength, and water contact angle decreased as glycerol concentration increased. The best combination is obtained for the film with 30% glycerol, based on an intermediate compromise between physical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. All these outcomes express the potentiality of the powder obtained from grinding the OFI cladodes as raw material to produce low‐cost films for the development of sustainable packaging materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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230. Exploiting poly(ɛ-caprolactone) and cellulose nanofibrils modified with latex nanoparticles for the development of biodegradable nanocomposites

Author

Vilela, Carla, Engström, Joakim, Valente, Bruno F. A., Jawerth, Marcus, Carlmark, Anna, Freire, Carmen S. R., Vilela, Carla, Engström, Joakim, Valente, Bruno F. A., Jawerth, Marcus, Carlmark, Anna, and Freire, Carmen S. R.

Abstract

This study reports the development of nanocomposites based on poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) modified with cationic latex nanoparticles. The physical adsorption of these water-based latexes on the surface of CNF was studied as an environment-friendly strategy to enhance the compatibility of CNF with a hydrophobic polymeric matrix. The latexes are composed of amphiphilic block copolymers based on cationic poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) as the hydrophilic block, and either poly(methyl methacrylate) or poly(n-butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic block. The simple and practical melt-mixing of PCL- and latex-modified CNF yielded white homogeneous nanocomposites with complete embedment of the nanofibrils in the thermoplastic matrix. All nanocomposites are semicrystalline materials with good mechanical properties (Young's modulus?=?43.6?52.3 MPa) and thermal stability up to 335?340°C. Degradation tests clearly showed that the nanocomposites slowly degrade in the presence of lipase-type enzyme. These PCL/CNF-latex nanocomposite materials show great promise as future environmentally friendly packaging materials. POLYM. COMPOS., 2018. ? 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers, QC 20190123

Published
2018
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231. A concise guide to active agents for active food packaging

Author

Vilela, Carla, Kurek, Mia, Hayouka, Zvi, Röcker, Bettina, Yildirim, Selçuk, Antunes, Maria Dulce C., Nilsen-Nygaard, Julie, Pettersen, Marit Kvalvåg, Freire, Carmen S.R., Vilela, Carla, Kurek, Mia, Hayouka, Zvi, Röcker, Bettina, Yildirim, Selçuk, Antunes, Maria Dulce C., Nilsen-Nygaard, Julie, Pettersen, Marit Kvalvåg, and Freire, Carmen S.R.

Abstract

Background: The ever-growing world population results in the ineluctable increase of food demand which translates in the augment of the global market of packaging materials. Hence, the concept of active packaging materializes as a technology to enhance the safety, quality and shelf-life of the packaged foods. Active packaging systems can contribute to the reduction of food waste by providing, apart from an inert barrier to external conditions, several functions associated with food preservation, namely absorbing/scavenging, releasing/emitting and removing properties, temperature, microbial and quality control. Scope and approach: The purpose of this review is to present a concise (but wide-ranging) appraisal on the latest advances in active agents for active food packaging. Emphasis is placed on active functions such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activity, oxygen and ethylene scavenging, and carbon dioxide emitting. An effort was made to highlight representative articles that prompted research on active agents towards viable market solutions. Key findings and conclusions: Active packaging is a thriving field given its duality as barrier to external detrimental factors and active role in food preservation and quality. The use of natural active agents is a flourishing field due to the general concern towards natural-based additives. Nevertheless, research is still in its early stages with a long way to go in the design of innovative and economical active packaging materials containing appropriate active agents. The interaction between packaging, environment and food is the key challenge for achieving commercial translation.

Published
2018

232. Unveiling Modifications of Biomass Polysaccharides during Thermal Treatment in Cholinium Chloride : Lactic Acid Deep Eutectic Solvent.

Author

Morais, Eduarda S., Da Costa Lopes, André M., Freire, Mara G., Freire, Carmen S. R., and Silvestre, Armando J. D.

Subjects
CHOLINE chloride, HEMICELLULOSE, LACTIC acid, POLYSACCHARIDES, ACYL chlorides, ANALYTICAL chemistry, BIOMASS
Abstract

A deep analysis upon the chemical modifications of the cellulose and hemicelluloses fractions that take place during biomass delignification with deep eutectic solvents (DES) is lacking in literature, being this a critical issue given the continued research on DES for this purpose. This work intends to fill this gap by disclosing a comprehensive study on the chemical modifications of cellulose (microcrystalline cellulose and bleached kraft pulp) and hemicelluloses (xylans) during thermal treatment (130 °C) with cholinium chloride/lactic acid ([Ch]Cl/LA) at molar ratio 1 : 10, one of the best reported DES for biomass delignification. The obtained data revealed that [Ch]Cl/LA (1 : 10) has a negative impact on the polysaccharides fractions at prolonged treatments (>4 h), resulting on substantial modifications including the esterification of cellulose with lactic acid, shortening of fibers length, fibers agglomeration and side reactions of the hemicelluloses fraction (e. g. humin formation, lactic acid grafting). Wood delignification trials with [Ch]Cl/LA (1 : 10) at the same conditions also corroborate these findings. Moreover, the DES suffers degradation, including the formation of lactic acid derivatives and its polymerization. Therefore, short time delignification treatments are strongly recommended when using the [Ch]Cl/LA DES, so that a sustainable fractionation of biomass into high quality cellulose fibers, isolated lignin, and xylose/furfural co‐production along with solvent recyclability could be achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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234. List of contributors

Author

Abidi, Noureddine, Acharya, Sanjit, Afroz, Sadia, Agarwal, Jyoti, Ahmed, Firoz, Ahmed, Sony, Akter, Yeasmin, Al Ragib, Abdullah, Alonso-Segura, Diana, Antelo, Francine Silva, Armir, Nur Amira Zainul, Atkar, Aarti, Azady, Md. Arif Roman, Bahtiyari, M. İbrahim, Bilisik, Kadir, Cai, Yingjie, Cammas-Marion, Sandrine, Candido, Rafael Garcia, Chandra Das, Subrata, Chen, Xing, Croitoru, Catalin, da Silva, Luciano Silva, Dafader, Nirmal Chandra, dos Santos Rosa, Derval, Ekmekçi Körlü, Ayşegül, Freire, Carmen S.R., Guo, Chengchen, Hasan, Zahid, Hossain, Md. Tanjim, Islam, Jahid M.M., Islam, Md. Shafiul, Liu, Yao, Lopes, Toni Jefferson, Martínez-Barbosa, María Elisa, Martins, Manoel Leonardo, Mazlan, Nyak Syazwani Nyak, Mondal, Md. Ibrahim H., Naddeo, Vincenzo, Pabba, Manideep, Parajuli, Prakash, Pervez, Md. Nahid, Quintana-Quirino, Mariana, Rahaman, Md. Saifur, Rahman, Nazia, Rengaswami, Giri Dev Venkateshwarapuram, Roata, Ionut Claudiu, Rocha, Daniel Belchior, Rosa, Gilber Ricardo, Rumi, Shaida Sultana, Salleh, Kushairi Mohd, Scheeren, Carla Weber, Sekhar, Sugali Chandra, Shirai, Keiko, Silva, Ana C.Q., Silvestre, Armando J.D., Sonia, Sridhar, Sundergopal, Thillaipandian, Hemamalini, Vigueras-Ramírez, Gabriel, Vilela, Carla, Wang, Chunhong, Wojciechowska, Patrycja, Wu, Yu-Cheng, Yang, Qin-Qin, Zakaria, Sarani, and Zhao, Yaping

Published
2021
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235. A concise guide to active agents for active food packaging

Author

Vilela, Carla, primary, Kurek, Mia, additional, Hayouka, Zvi, additional, Röcker, Bettina, additional, Yildirim, Selçuk, additional, Antunes, Maria Dulce C., additional, Nilsen-Nygaard, Julie, additional, Pettersen, Marit Kvalvåg, additional, and Freire, Carmen S.R., additional

Published
2018
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236. Air Pollution Exposure during Pregnancy, Depression/Anxiety Symptoms, and Conduct/Aggressive Problems in Children in Eight European Cohort Studies

Author

Jorcano, Ainhoa, primary, Pierotti, Livia, additional, Lubczynska, Malgorzata Joanna, additional, Jerrett, Michael, additional, Vrijkotte, Tania, additional, Tiemeier, Henning, additional, Hillegers, Manon, additional, Nawrot, Tim, additional, Saenen, Nelly, additional, Sugiri, Dorothee, additional, Standl, Marie, additional, Polanska, Kinga, additional, Hanke, Wojciech, additional, Lepeule, Johanna, additional, Slama, Remy, additional, Porta, Daniela, additional, Cesaroni, Giulia, additional, Tardon, Adonina, additional, Ibarluzea, Jesús, additional, Iñiguez, Carmen, additional, Freire, Carmen, additional, Hoek, Gerard, additional, Sunyer, Jordi, additional, Brunekreef, Bert, additional, and Guxens, Monica, additional

Published
2018
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241. Prenatal co-exposure to neurotoxic metals and neurodevelopment in preschool children: The Environment and Childhood (INMA) Project

Author

Freire, Carmen, primary, Amaya, Esperanza, additional, Gil, Fernando, additional, Fernández, Mariana F., additional, Murcia, Mario, additional, Llop, Sabrina, additional, Andiarena, Ainara, additional, Aurrekoetxea, Juanjo, additional, Bustamante, Mariona, additional, Guxens, Mònica, additional, Ezama, Esteban, additional, Fernández-Tardón, Guillermo, additional, and Olea, Nicolás, additional

Published
2018
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244. Diseño de nuevos fármacos y nuevas dianas frente al mycobacterium tuberculosis

Author

Pedregal Freire, Carmen, Fernández Gil, Álvaro, García Mayoral, Raquel, Pedregal Freire, Carmen, Fernández Gil, Álvaro, and García Mayoral, Raquel

Abstract

La tuberculosis es, hoy día, una amenaza para la salud en todo el mundo. A medida que las cepas de Mycobacterium tuberculosis han ido surgiendo y se han transformado en cepas resistentes, el fracaso del tratamiento es con demasiada frecuencia un hecho, especialmente en aquellos países que carecen de la organización de atención médica necesaria para proporcionar el largo y costoso tratamiento. Debido a esta preocupación, esta enfermedad infecciosa ha sido el foco de interés científico en la última década. A pesar de los avances en la quimioterapia y la vacuna BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin), la tuberculosis sigue siendo una enfermedad infecciosa significativa. La capacidad de los bacilos de tuberculosis para causar infecciones latentes que son tolerantes con los fármacos usados actualmente, junto con la dosis inadecuada y los regímenes de tratamiento incompleto han llevado al aumento de la tuberculosis multirresistente (MDRTB). El tratamiento de las infecciones por MDR-TB es un reto clínico importante que tiene pocas soluciones viables o eficaces, por lo tanto, los pacientes tienen un mal pronóstico y años de tratamiento. La aparición creciente de la tuberculosis resistente a los fármacos y la infección por el VIH, que compromete la defensa del huésped y permite que la infección latente reactive o vuelva a los individuos más susceptibles a la tuberculosis, ponen en relieve la necesidad de desarrollar nuevos fármacos contra la tuberculosis activos contra las bacterias resistentes a los fármacos. Los recientes y novedosos desarrollos en el descubrimiento de fármacos para la tuberculosis con una dosificación más larga o que pueden reducir la duración del tratamiento muestran ser prometedores hacia una posible revolución en la quimioterapia de la tuberculosis., Tuberculosis is one of the main threats for health worldwide nowadays. As resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have slowly emerged, the failure of treatment is sadly too often a fact, especially in countries lacking the necessary health care organization to provide the long and costly treatment have adapted by the patients. Due to this concern, this infectious disease was the focus of renewed scientific interest in the last decade. Mycobacterium tuberculosis A. Fernández Gil y R. García Mayoral 4 Despite advances in chemotherapy and the BCG (Bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine, tuberculosis remains significant infectious disease. Bacillus’ capacity to cause latent infections which are resistant to common drugs in addition to inaccurate dosages and incomplete treatments have led to an increase in multirresistant-tuberculosis (MDR-TB). An effective treatment for this sort of infections is a huge challenge as it relies on very few effective solutions. As a result of the previous, treatments last extremely long and patients’ prognosis is not favourable. The increasing emergence of drug resistance in combination with AIDS, which endangers host’s health and allows reactivation of persistent infection highlight the need to develop novel TB drugs that are active against drug resistant bacteria but, more importantly, kill persistent bacteria and shorten the length of treatment. Recent new and exciting developments in tuberculosis drug discovery show good promise of a possible revolution in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis.

Published
2017

246. ANTIBACTERIAL THERMOPLASTIC STARCH-CHITOSAN BASED MATERIALS PREPARED BY MELT-MIXING

Author

Liliana C. Tomé, Fernandes, Susana C. M., Sadocco, Patrizia, Causio, Jessica, Silvestre, Armando J. D., Pascoal Neto, Carlos, and Freire, Carmen S. R.

Subjects
carbohydrates (lipids), Chitosan, lcsh:Biotechnology, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, technology, industry, and agriculture, Amphiphilic and water-soluble chitosan derivatives, Compounding, Mechanical properties, macromolecular substances, Thermal stability, Antibacterial activity, Melting-mixing, Thermoplastic starch
Abstract

Antibacterial thermoplastic starch-chitosan based materials were successfully prepared by melt-mixing. The effect of chitosan modification (quaternization and grafting of long carbon chains) on the properties of the materials was also studied. All the ensuing materials were characterized in terms of thermal stability, crystalline structure, mechanical performance, and antibacterial activity. The incorporation of chitosan and its derivatives into the thermoplastic starch matrices resulted in an increment in tensile strengths (up to 85%); however for higher chitosan contents (5 and 7.5 wt.%), a decrease on the Young’s modulus (around 50%) was observed, together with an increment in the elongation at break, which can be attributed to the prevention of the retrogradation process. Finally, the thermoplastic starch materials incorporated with 7.5 wt% of the unmodified chitosan and of the water-soluble chitosan derivative had partial (about 20% reduction of CFU) and total bactericidal effect against S. aureus.Keywords

Published
2012

247. Metabolic Effects of a EucalyptusBark Lipophilic Extract on Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Nontumor Breast Epithelial Cells

Author

Guerra, Ângela R., Soares, Belinda I. G., Freire, Carmen S. R., Silvestre, Armando J. D., Duarte, Maria F., and Duarte, Iola F.

Abstract

In this work, untargeted metabolomics was used to unveil the impact of a Eucalyptus(Eucalyptus nitens) outer bark lipophilic extract on the metabolism of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and nontumor breast cells. Integrative analysis of culture medium, intracellular polar metabolites, and cellular lipids provided a comprehensive picture of cell metabolic adaptations, which enabled several hypotheses about the metabolic targets and pathways affected to be proposed. One of the most marked effects in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, upon 48 h incubation with the E. nitensextract (15 μg/mL), was the enhancement of the NAD+/NADH ratio, likely reflecting a shift to mitochondrial respiration, which appeared to be fueled by amino acids and fatty acids resulting from hydrolysis of neutral lipids (triglycerides and cholesteryl esters). Contrastingly, in MCF-10A breast epithelial cells, the E. nitensextract appeared to intensify glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle (resulting in a decreased NAD+/NADH ratio), while having no effect on the cell lipid composition. This knowledge improves the current understanding of the biological activity of E. nitensbark extracts and is potentially useful to promote their development in the field of TNBC anticancer therapy.

Published
2021
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