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The purpose of this work was to study the absorption and metabolism of sulforaphane (SFN) from broccoli sprouts, their major glucosinolate glucoraphanin and its hydrolysis product SFN. This was done by monitoring SFN¿s main metabolites, i.e. SFN, SFN-glutathione and SFN-cysteine, in two different cell models of absorption and metabolism (Caco-2 colorectal carcinoma cells and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells), during 3, 6, and 24 h of treatment, using a selective UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS procedure. Concentrations ranging 0.5¿90 nmol/l were found within the cells and released in the medium, depending on the type of analyte under study. Cells were capable of conjugative metabolism, since the SFN mercapturic derivatives could be identified in the cell medium. The antiproliferative activity of broccoli sprouts, glucoraphanin and sulforaphane was compared in Caco-2 and HT-29 human colorectal carcinoma cells, and HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, establishing the minimal concentration of a given compound to achieve half inhibition of the maximal cell growth (IC50) for broccoli sprouts extract and sulforaphane. However, glucoraphanin did not show an antiproliferative effect in the cells under study.

[EN]:Using "natural green" plant extracts or their derived products in various food and beverage applications are an increasing trend in the food industry. Organic green tea, one of the most-consumed beverages worldwide, and broccoli are rich in bioactive compounds with healthy properties. In this study, the antibacterial activity of green tea and broccoli infusion extracts, and a mix of them were examined against Campylobacter jejuni, the most important causes of bacterial foodborne illness. Green tea infusion extract, enriched in phenolic compounds, mainly in catechins, showed a strong capacity to inhibit Campylobacter growth, while broccoli extracts with lower amount of phenolic compounds did not. The results obtained in the present work suggest that green tea extract could be potentially useful to inhibit the growth of Campylobacter jejuni., [ES]: El uso de extractos naturales de origen vegetal o de sus productos derivados en diferentes tipos de alimentos y bebidas, presenta una creciente tendencia en la industria alimentaria. El té verde orgánico, una de las bebidas más consumidas a nivel mundial, y el brócoli, son alimentos ricos en compuestos bioactivos con propiedades saludables. En el presente estudio se examinó la potencial actividad antibacteriana de extractos de té verde y de brócoli y una mezcla de ambos frente a Campylobacter jejuni, principal patógeno bacteriano de transmisión alimentaria. Los extractos de té verde presentaron un alto contenido en compuestos fenólicos, principalmente catequinas, mostrando una gran capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de Campylobacter, mientras que los extractos de brócoli, con un menor contenido en compuestos fenólicos, no mostraron esta capacidad. Los resultados obtenidos en este trabajo sugieren que el extracto de té verde podría ser potencialmente usado para inhibir el crecimiento de Campylobacter jejuni.

Elicitation is a good strategy to induce physiological changes and stimulate defense or stress-induced responses in plants. The elicitor treatments trigger the synthesis of phytochemical compounds in fruits, vegetables and herbs. These metabolites have been widely investigated as bioactive compounds responsible of plant cell adaptation to the environment, specific organoleptic properties of foods, and protective effects in human cells against oxidative processes in the development of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Biotic (biological origin), abiotic (chemical or physical origin) elicitors and phytohormones have been applied alone or in combinations, in hydroponic solutions or sprays, and in different selected time points of the plant growth or during post-harvest. Understanding how plant tissues and their specific secondary metabolic pathways respond to specific treatments with elicitors would be the basis for designing protocols to enhance the production of secondary metabolites, in order to produce quality and healthy fresh foods. © Molecules 2014.

The relevance of food composition for human health has increased consumers’ interest in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, as well as foods enriched in bioactive compounds and nutraceuticals. This fact has led to a growing attention of suppliers on reuse of agro-industrial wastes rich in healthy plant ingredients. On this matter, grape has been pointed out as a rich source of bioactive compounds. Currently, up to 210 million tons of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) are produced annually, being the 15% of the produced grapes addressed to the wine-making industry. This socio-economic activity generates a large amount of solid waste (up to 30%, w/w of the material used). Winery wastes include biodegradable solids namely stems, skins, and seeds. Bioactive compounds from winery by-products have disclosed interesting health promoting activities both in vitro and in vivo. This is a comprehensive review on the phytochemicals present in winery by-products, extraction techniques, industrial uses, and biological activities demonstrated by their bioactive compounds concerning potential for human health. © 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Metabolomics has emerged in the field of food and nutrition sciences as a powerful tool for doing profiling approaches. In this context, HPLC-q-TOF-based metabolomics approach was applied to unveil changes in the urinary metabolome in human subjects (n = 51, 23 men and 28 women) after regular aronia-citrus juice (AC-juice) intake (250 mL/day) during 16 weeks compared to individuals given a placebo beverage. Samples were analyzed by HPLC-q-TOF followed by multivariate data analysis (orthogonal signal filtering-partial least square discriminant analysis) that discriminated relevant mass features related to AC-juice intake. The results showed that biomarkers of AC-juice intake including metabolites coming from metabolism of food components as proline betaine, ferulic acid, and two unknown mercapturate derivatives were identified. Discovery of new biomarkers of food intake will help in the building up of the food metabolome and facilitate future insights into the mechanisms of action of dietary components in population health

Sulforaphane (SFN) is the product of the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucoraphanin (GR), the main glucosinolate present in broccoli sprouts. The beneficial actions attributed to SFN are mainly supported by in dietary study not clear. Surely the panellists ate more than just the broccoli portion – please clarify vitro experiments; further in vivo assays are necessary to analyse the described biological actions in humans. A new ultra-fast, accurate, robust, and selective UHPLC/MS/MS procedure (2-min chromatogram; >87% recovery; LOQ and LOD of 20–156 and 4–20 nmol L−1, respectively; and intra- and inter-day variations lower than 10%) was used for the simultaneous determination of GR and SFN in human urine. The analytical capacity of this novel method was further tested by determining the bioavailability of GR and its metabolic derivatives in urine from volunteers after the consumption of ½ and 1 servings of broccoli sprouts (30 and 60 g, respectively). Bioavailability values for SFN of up to 40% after a single intake of both ½ and 1 servings showed the suitability of the new method for the determination of exogenous metabolites following dietary interventions

La presente invención se refiere a un método de obtención de vesículas de membrana enriquecidas en proteínas transportadoras de membrana de origen vegetal para su uso cosmético o terapéutico, que pueden contener a su vez otras sustancias como son compuestos bioactivos naturales. Preferiblemente se obtienen en vegetales, a partir de la familia Brassicaceae (crucíferas). Además, la presente invención también se refiere a un procedimiento para el incremento de estas proteínas de origen vegetal.

La presente invención se refiere al uso cosmético o terapéutico de vesículas de membrana obtenidas a partir de un organismo marino. Estas vesículas pueden utilizarse como vehículo y contener en su interior sustancias naturales o sintéticas para su uso terapéutico, cosmético o industrial. Preferiblemente se obtienen a partir de organismos filtradores como la medusa.

[EN] The invention relates to the cosmetic or therapeutic use of membrane vesicles obtained from a marine organism. Said vesicles can be used as a vehicle and can contain natural or synthetic substances for the therapeutic, cosmetic or industrial use thereof. The membrane vesicles are preferably obtained from filtering organisms such as jellyfish., [ES] La presente invención se refiere al uso cosmético o terapéutico de vesículas de membrana obtenidas a partir de un organismo marino. Estas vesículas pueden utilizarse como vehículo y contener en su interior sustancias naturales o sintéticas par asu uso terapéutico, cosmético o industrial. Preferiblemente se obtienen a partir de organismos filtradores como la medusa.

Citrus juice intake has been highlighted because of its health-promoting effects. LC-MS based metabolomics approaches are applied to obtain a better knowledge on changes in the concentration of metabolites due to its dietary intake and allow a better understanding of involved metabolic pathways. Eight volunteers daily consumed 400 mL of juice for four consecutive days and urine samples were collected before intake and 24 h after each citrus juice intake. Urine samples were analysed by nanoHPLC-q-TOF, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and Student's t-test (p < 0.05). PCA showed a separation between two groups (before and after citrus juice consumption). This approach allowed the identification of four endocrine compounds (tetrahydroaldosterone-3- glucuronide, cortolone-3-glucuronide, testosterone-glucuronide and 17-hydroxyprogesterone), which belonged to the steroid biosynthesis pathway as significant metabolites upregulated by citrus juice intake. Additionally, these results confirmed the importance of using the non-targeted metabolomics technique to identify new endogenous metabolites, up- or down-regulated as a consequence of food intake. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Control and triathlete volunteers (n = 8 and n = 15, respectively) were given 400 mL and 200 mL of aronia-citrus juice (AC-juice), respectively. The 24 h urine samples were hydrolysed to determine the flavanones concentration by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The flavanones metabolites in both groups of volunteers were glucuronides, sulfates, and sulfo-glucuronides, and the total excretion of flavanones increased fivefold in the triathletes compared with the control volunteers. The increase of ninefold in the homoeriodictyol of triathletes compared to control volunteers may suggest the overactivation of the microbiota metabolism caused by physical exercise. No differences concerning the bioavailability were detected between men and women in controlboth groups. The AC-juice could provide synergistic effects on health due to the increase in the bioavailability of flavanones, avoiding the deleterious effects caused by the overdosage of nutritional supplements.

The comprehensive identification of phenolic compounds in food and beverages is a crucial starting point for assessing their biological, nutritional, and technological properties. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) has been described as a rich source of (poly)phenolic components, with a broad array of different structures (phenolic acids, flavonoids, and hydrolyzable tannins) and a quick, high throughput, and accurate screening of its complete profile is still lacking. In the present work, a method for UHPLC separation and linear ion trap mass spectrometric (MSn) characterization of pomegranate juice phenolic fraction was optimized by comparing several different analytical conditions. The best solutions for phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavonoids, and ellagitannins have been delineated and more than 70 compounds have been identified and fully characterized in less than one hour total analysis time. Twenty-one compounds were tentatively detected for the first time in pomegranate juice. The proposed fingerprinting approach could be easily translated to other plant derived food extracts and beverages containing a wide array of phytochemical compounds.

[EN] The invention relates to a method for obtaining membrane vesicles enriched in membrane transport proteins of plant origin, for cosmetic or therapeutic use, which can contain other substances, such as natural bioactive compounds. Preferably, said vesicles are obtained from plants of the Brassicaceae (cruciferae) family. In addition, the invention relates to a method for increasing these proteins of plant origino, [ES] La presente invención se refiere a un método de obtención de vesículas de membrana enriquecidas en proteínas transportadoras de membrana de origen vegetal para su uso cosmético o terapéutico, que pueden contener a su vez otras sustancias como son compuestos bioactivos naturales. Preferiblemente se obtienen en vegetales, a partir de la familia Brassicaceae (cruciferas). Además, la presente invención también se refiere a un procedimiento para el incremento de estas proteínas de origen vegetal.

La presente invención se refiere a un método de producción de polvo vegetal para su uso en alimentación y protección vegetal, preferiblemente el polvo vegetal se obtiene a partir de vegetales de la familia Brassicaceae (crucíferas). Además, la presente invención también se refiere al polvo vegetal obtenido mediante el procedimiento de la invención y el uso del polvo vegetal para su uso en alimentación y protección vegetal como herbicida e insecticida vegetal. Además, también se refiere a un producto alimentario que comprende el polvo vegetal de la invención donde éste es un comestible, bebida, suplemento alimentario, aditivo alimentario; así como a un herbicida e insecticida vegetal que comprende el polvo vegetal de la invención.

RATIONALE Isoprostanes (IsoPs) are a series of prostaglandin (PG)-like compounds formed non-enzymatically through free-radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. They are considered as 'gold-standard' biomarkers for oxidative stress, in general, and lipid peroxidation, in particular, METHODS A new qualitative and quantitative analytical method for the determination of 13 eicosanoids in human urine using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-pressure liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS/MS) has been developed. The SPE was optimized by comparison of the extraction efficiency and recoveries of three distinct cartridges: Strata X-AW, C18 Sep-Pak, and Oasis HLB. The UPLC/MS/MS approach in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was developed using negative electrospray ionization (ESI), RESULTS The validated method provides a high-throughput assay with an adequate linearity from 0.16 to 330 ng mL–1. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for each analyte showed low intervals (0.021–0.64 ng mL–1 and 0.042–1.28 ng mL–1, respectively). Urinary IsoPs were determined in 24 healthy volunteers and ranged from 685 to 3480 ng 24 h–1 and from 864 to 7511 ng 24 h–1 in urine from women and men, respectively, CONCLUSIONS This analytical method could constitute a useful tool for the determination of oxidative stress biomarkers in clinical studies in which IsoPs may evidence early pathological conditions, as suggested by the determination of the baseline IsoPs content in human urine, since it improves upon the detection capacity of previously described methods. The quantity of IsoPs excreted in urine was higher than that found in previous reports due to the total hydrolysis of the conjugated forms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Control and triathlete volunteers (n = 8 and n = 15, respectively) were given 400 mL and 200 mL of aronia-citrus juice (AC-juice), respectively. The 24 h urine samples were hydrolysed to determine the flavanones concentration by UPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. The flavanones metabolites in both groups of volunteers were glucuronides, sulfates, and sulfo-glucuronides, and the total excretion of flavanones increased fivefold in the triathletes compared with the control volunteers. The increase of ninefold in the homoeriodictyol of triathletes compared to control volunteers may suggest the overactivation of the microbiota metabolism caused by physical exercise. No differences concerning the bioavailability were detected between men and women in controlboth groups. The AC-juice could provide synergistic effects on health due to the increase in the bioavailability of flavanones, avoiding the deleterious effects caused by the overdosage of nutritional supplements

A method to separate FAME and the linoleic and linolenic acids isomers by GCxGC using an apparatus equipped with a capillary flow technology (CFT) based modulator and a FID detector has been developed. Four different column combinations (one conventional and three inverted phase sets) were used in these experiments. The conventional set first involved a DB5-MS non-polar column followed by a highly polar HP-INNOWax column in the second dimension. The inverted phase set comprised of a highly polar BPX-70 column in the first dimension and a non-polar ZB5-MS column for the second dimension. Furthermore, the influence of the length of the second dimension column on FAME isomer separation was studied in the inverted phase sets, along with other parameters like the modulation time and column flow. The best results in terms of the time required for the analysis and number of FAME identified with the inverted set were achieved with the shorter second dimension column. After supercritical fluid extraction, the method was applied to identify FAMEs in broccoli leaves from three different cultivars (Naxos, Nubia and Viola). © 2011 Elsevier B.V.

Cooking Brassica vegetables as a domestic processing method has a great impact on health-promoting bioactive compounds: glucosinolates (GLS), flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids, and vitamin C. In Galicia (NorthWestern Spain), one of the most consumed horticultural crops is Brassica rapa, by using the leaves (turnip greens) and the young sprouting shoots (turnip tops) in different culinary preparations. In order to determine the effect of cooking, on turnip greens and turnip tops, bioactive GLS, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic acids and vitamin C were analysed and simultaneously determined. The level of retention of each individual compound after cooking procedures was evaluated in the edible organs, and also in the cooking water, in order to compare their composition to a fresh uncooked control. Steaming, conventional boiling, and high-pressure cooking, traditional processing methods of this kind of vegetables, were the three domestic processing methods used in this work. Results showed that total GLS and phenolics were significantly affected by the cooking procedure and the loss rate varied among individual compounds. Steaming was the method that better preserved GLS and phenolic compounds. Conventional boiling and high-pressure cooking methods presented similar rate of losses of total GLS content (64%) and total phenolic content (more than 70%). Degradation among glucosinolate classes, aliphatic or indolic, was similar. The total flavonoids lost in turnip greens were 64% and 67% for conventional boiling and high-pressure, respectively. The main losses were caused by leaching into the cooking water. The concentration of vitamin C suffered a drastic loss in the process of sample handling and after cooking. Despite the fact that any cooking procedure affected negatively the nutritional composition of the turnip greens and tops, our results showed high retentions of individual compounds in steaming, and the lowest retentions were obtained in the traditional high-pressure c

Nowadays it is accepted that natural flavonoids present in fruits and plantderived-foods are relevant, not only for technological reasons and organoleptic properties,but also because of their potential health-promoting effects, as suggested by the availableexperimental and epidemiological evidence. The beneficial biological effects of these foodbioactives may be driven by two of their characteristic properties: their affinity for proteins and their antioxidant activity. Over the last 15 years, numerous publications havedemonstrated that besides their in vitro antioxidant capacity, certain phenolic compounds,such as anthocyanins, catechins, proanthocyanidins, and other non coloured flavonoids,may regulate different signaling pathways involved in cell survival, growth anddifferentiation. In this review we will update the knowledge on the cardiovascular effectsof anthocyanins, catechins and proanthocyanidins, as implied by the in vitro and clinicalstudies on these compounds. We also review the available information on the structure,distribution and bioavailability of flavanols (monomeric catechins and proanthocyanidins)and anthocyanins, data necessary in order to understand their role in reducing risk factorsand preventing cardiovascular health problems through different aspects of theirbioefficacy on vascular parameters (platelet agregation, atherosclerosis, blood pressure,antioxidant status, inflammation-related markers, etc.), myocardial conditions, and wholebodymetabolism (serum biochemistry, lipid profile), highlighting the need for better- designed clinical studies to improve the current knowledge on the potential health benefits of these flavonoids to cardiovascular and metabolic health.