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9,310 results on '"George, R. P."'

203. The PD-1- and LAG-3-targeting bispecific molecule tebotelimab in solid tumors and hematologic cancers: a phase 1 trial

Author

Luke, Jason J., Patel, Manish R., Blumenschein, George R., Hamilton, Erika, Chmielowski, Bartosz, Ulahannan, Susanna V., Connolly, Roisin M., Santa-Maria, Cesar A., Wang, Jie, Bahadur, Shakeela W., Weickhardt, Andrew, Asch, Adam S., Mallesara, Girish, Clingan, Philip, Dlugosz-Danecka, Monika, Tomaszewska-Kiecana, Monika, Pylypenko, Halyna, Hamad, Nada, Kindler, Hedy L., Sumrow, Bradley J., Kaminker, Patrick, Chen, Francine Z., Zhang, Xiaoyu, Shah, Kalpana, Smith, Douglas H., De Costa, Anushka, Li, Jonathan, Li, Hua, Sun, Jichao, and Moore, Paul A.

Published
2023
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205. The S-Factor, a New Measure of Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Findings and Implications

Author

Selvadurai, Louisa P., Perlman, Susan L., Wilmot, George R., Subramony, Sub H., Gomez, Christopher M., Ashizawa, Tetsuo, Paulson, Henry L., Onyike, Chiadi U., Rosenthal, Liana S., Sair, Haris I., Kuo, Sheng-Han, Ratai, Eva-Maria, Zesiewicz, Theresa A., Bushara, Khalaf O., Öz, Gülin, Dietiker, Cameron, Geschwind, Michael D., Nelson, Alexandra B., Opal, Puneet, Yacoubian, Talene A., Nopoulos, Peggy C., Shakkottai, Vikram G., Figueroa, Karla P., Pulst, Stefan M., Morrison, Peter E., and Schmahmann, Jeremy D.

Published
2023
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206. New Perspectives on Antimicrobial Agents: Isavuconazole

Author

Lewis, James S, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Hakki, Morgan, and Thompson, George R

Subjects
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Infectious Diseases, Antifungal Agents, Candidiasis, Invasive, Caspofungin, Fungi, Humans, Invasive Fungal Infections, Nitriles, Pyridines, Triazoles, Voriconazole, isavuconazole, isavuconazonium sulfate, spectrum, review, clinical data, drug-drug interactions, posaconazole, prophylaxis, treatment, voriconazole, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
Abstract

Isavuconazole is the newest of the clinically available advanced generation triazole antifungals and is active against a variety of yeasts, molds, and dimorphic fungi. Its current FDA-approved indications include the management of invasive aspergillosis as well as mucormycosis, though the latter indication is supported by limited clinical data. Isavuconazole did not achieve noninferiority to caspofungin for the treatment of invasive candidiasis and therefore lacks an FDA-approved indication for this invasive disease. Significant advantages of isavuconazole, primarily over voriconazole but in some circumstances posaconazole as well, make it an appealing option for the management of complex patients with invasive fungal infections. These potential advantages include lack of QTc interval prolongation, more predictable pharmacokinetics, a less complicated drug interaction profile, and improved tolerability, particularly when compared to voriconazole. This review discusses these topics in addition to addressing the in vitro activity of the compound against a variety of fungi and provides insight into other distinguishing factors among isavuconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole. The review concludes with an opinion section in which the authors provide the reader with a framework for the current role of isavuconazole in the antifungal armamentarium and where further data are required.

Published
2022

207. Invasive candidiasis: investigational drugs in the clinical development pipeline and mechanisms of action

Author

Hoenigl, Martin, Sprute, Rosanne, Arastehfar, Amir, Perfect, John R, Lass-Flörl, Cornelia, Bellmann, Romuald, Prattes, Juergen, Thompson, George R, Wiederhold, Nathan P, Al Obaidi, Mohanad M, Willinger, Birgit, Arendrup, Maiken C, Koehler, Philipp, Oliverio, Matteo, Egger, Matthias, Schwartz, Ilan S, Cornely, Oliver A, Pappas, Peter G, and Krause, Robert

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Antimicrobial Resistance, Infectious Diseases, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Infection, Antifungal Agents, Candida, Candidiasis, Candidiasis, Invasive, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Drugs, Investigational, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Antimycotic, antiinfective, resistance, activity, trials, APX001, CD101, SCY-078, manogepix, fosmanogepix, ibrexafungerp, rezafungin, MAT2203, oteseconazole, VT-1161, ATI-2307, VL-2397, NP-339, miltefosine, Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Oncology and carcinogenesis, Pharmacology and pharmaceutical sciences
Abstract

IntroductionThe epidemiology of invasive Candida infections is evolving. Infections caused by non-albicans Candida spp. are increasing; however, the antifungal pipeline is more promising than ever and is enriched with repurposed drugs and agents that have new mechanisms of action. Despite progress, unmet needs in the treatment of invasive candidiasis remain, and there are still too few antifungals that can be administered orally or that have CNS penetration.Areas coveredThe authors shed light on those antifungal agents active against Candida that are in early- and late-stage clinical development. Mechanisms of action and key pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are discussed. Insights are offered on the potential future roles of the investigational agents MAT-2203, oteseconazole, ATI-2307, VL-2397, NP-339, and the repurposed drug miltefosine.Expert opinionIbrexafungerp and fosmanogepix have novel mechanisms of action and will provide effective options for the treatment of Candida infections (including those caused by multiresistant Candida spp). Rezafungin, an echinocandin with an extended half-life allowing for once weekly administration, will be particularly valuable for outpatient treatment and prophylaxis. Despite this, there is an urgent need to garner clinical data on investigational drugs, especially in the current rise of azole-resistant and multidrug-resistant Candida spp.

Published
2022

208. Cryptococcosis among hospitalised patients with COVID‐19: A multicentre research network study

Author

Chastain, Daniel B, Kung, Vanessa M, Golpayegany, Sahand, Jackson, Brittany T, Franco‐Paredes, Carlos, Barahona, Lilian Vargas, Thompson, George R, and Henao‐Martínez, Andrés F

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Cryptococcosis, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Respiration, Artificial, SARS-CoV-2, cryptococcus, cytokine release syndrome, immunotherapy, Microbiology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

It is unclear if there is an association between COVID-19 and cryptococcosis. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the clinical features, risk factors, and outcomes associated with cryptococcosis in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. The objectives of this study were to determine the incidence of and examine factors associated with cryptococcosis after a diagnosis of COVID-19. We used TriNetX to identify and sort patients 18 years and older hospitalised with COVID-19 into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of a diagnosis of cryptococcosis following diagnosis of COVID-19. Outcomes of interest included the incidence of cryptococcosis following the diagnosis of COVID-19 as well as the proportion of patients in each group who had underlying comorbidities, received immunomodulatory therapy, required ICU admission or mechanical ventilation (MV), or died. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for confounding. Among 212,479 hospitalised patients with COVID-19, 65 developed cryptococcosis. The incidence of cryptococcosis following COVID-19 was 0.022%. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to be male and have underlying comorbidities. Among cases, 32% were people with HIV. Patients with cryptococcosis were more likely to have received tocilizumab (p

Published
2022

209. The S-Factor, a New Measure of Disease Severity in Spinocerebellar Ataxia: Findings and Implications.

Author

Selvadurai, Louisa P, Perlman, Susan L, Wilmot, George R, Subramony, Sub H, Gomez, Christopher M, Ashizawa, Tetsuo, Paulson, Henry L, Onyike, Chiadi U, Rosenthal, Liana S, Sair, Haris I, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Ratai, Eva-Maria, Zesiewicz, Theresa A, Bushara, Khalaf O, Öz, Gülin, Dietiker, Cameron, Geschwind, Michael D, Nelson, Alexandra B, Opal, Puneet, Yacoubian, Talene A, Nopoulos, Peggy C, Shakkottai, Vikram G, Figueroa, Karla P, Pulst, Stefan M, Morrison, Peter E, and Schmahmann, Jeremy D

Subjects
Disease progression, Natural history, Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Brain Disorders, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Neurodegenerative, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Aetiology, Neurological, Clinical Sciences, Cognitive Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery
Abstract

Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders, but there is no metric that predicts disease severity over time. We hypothesized that by developing a new metric, the Severity Factor (S-Factor) using immutable disease parameters, it would be possible to capture disease severity independent of clinical rating scales. Extracting data from the CRC-SCA and READISCA natural history studies, we calculated the S-Factor for 438 participants with symptomatic SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6, as follows: ((length of CAG repeat expansion - maximum normal repeat length) /maximum normal repeat length) × (current age - age at disease onset) × 10). Within each SCA type, the S-Factor at the first Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) visit (baseline) was correlated against scores on SARA and other motor and cognitive assessments. In 281 participants with longitudinal data, the slope of the S-Factor over time was correlated against slopes of scores on SARA and other motor rating scales. At baseline, the S-Factor showed moderate-to-strong correlations with SARA and other motor rating scales at the group level, but not with cognitive performance. Longitudinally the S-Factor slope showed no consistent association with the slope of performance on motor scales. Approximately 30% of SARA slopes reflected a trend of non-progression in motor symptoms. The S-Factor is an observer-independent metric of disease burden in SCAs. It may be useful at the group level to compare cohorts at baseline in clinical studies. Derivation and examination of the S-factor highlighted challenges in the use of clinical rating scales in this population.

Published
2022

210. Twenty‐first century bioarchaeology: Taking stock and moving forward

Author

Buikstra, Jane E, DeWitte, Sharon N, Agarwal, Sabrina C, Baker, Brenda J, Bartelink, Eric J, Berger, Elizabeth, Blevins, Kelly E, Bolhofner, Katelyn, Boutin, Alexis T, Brickley, Megan B, Buzon, Michele R, Cova, Carlina, Goldstein, Lynne, Gowland, Rebecca, Grauer, Anne L, Gregoricka, Lesley A, Halcrow, Siân E, Hall, Sarah A, Hillson, Simon, Kakaliouras, Ann M, Klaus, Haagen D, Knudson, Kelly J, Knüsel, Christopher J, Larsen, Clark Spencer, Martin, Debra L, Milner, George R, Novak, Mario, Nystrom, Kenneth C, Pacheco‐Forés, Sofía I, Prowse, Tracy L, Schug, Gwen Robbins, Roberts, Charlotte A, Rothwell, Jessica E, Santos, Ana Luisa, Stojanowski, Christopher, Stone, Anne C, Stull, Kyra E, Temple, Daniel H, Torres, Christina M, Toyne, J Marla, Tung, Tiffiny A, Ullinger, Jaime, Wiltschke‐Schrotta, Karin, and Zakrzewski, Sonia R

Subjects
Humans, United States, Archaeology, Bayes Theorem, Schools, Universities, Arizona, climate change, ethics, graduate curriculum, identity, infectious disease, migration, violence, Evolutionary Biology, Anthropology
Abstract

This article presents outcomes from a Workshop entitled "Bioarchaeology: Taking Stock and Moving Forward," which was held at Arizona State University (ASU) on March 6-8, 2020. Funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF), the School of Human Evolution and Social Change (ASU), and the Center for Bioarchaeological Research (CBR, ASU), the Workshop's overall goal was to explore reasons why research proposals submitted by bioarchaeologists, both graduate students and established scholars, fared disproportionately poorly within recent NSF Anthropology Program competitions and to offer advice for increasing success. Therefore, this Workshop comprised 43 international scholars and four advanced graduate students with a history of successful grant acquisition, primarily from the United States. Ultimately, we focused on two related aims: (1) best practices for improving research designs and training and (2) evaluating topics of contemporary significance that reverberate through history and beyond as promising trajectories for bioarchaeological research. Among the former were contextual grounding, research question/hypothesis generation, statistical procedures appropriate for small samples and mixed qualitative/quantitative data, the salience of Bayesian methods, and training program content. Topical foci included ethics, social inequality, identity (including intersectionality), climate change, migration, violence, epidemic disease, adaptability/plasticity, the osteological paradox, and the developmental origins of health and disease. Given the profound changes required globally to address decolonization in the 21st century, this concern also entered many formal and informal discussions.

Published
2022

211. Is Sport Ready to Transition? Navigating Transgender Issues in High School Sport

Author

Foo, Cornell E., Schaefer, George R., and Russell, Angela R.

Abstract

This case presented in this article involves a transgender middle school student-athlete (BPJ) and the West Virginia State Board of Education (WVSSAC). BPJ, who at the time was preparing to enter sixth grade at a new school, alleges that Defendants Burch, Stutler, the WVSSAC, and Attorney General Morrisey deprived her of equal protection under the Fourteenth Amendment. The claim goes on to indicate that the WVSSAC and Harrison County Board of Education are complicit in violating Title IX.

Published
2023

212. DEI Hiring Statements: Common Good Ethics or Partisan Loyalty Oaths?

Author

George R. La Noue

Abstract

One of the most powerful influences in higher education today is the concept of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). Managed by an ever-growing bureaucracy and promoting a seductive, though ambiguous, message to this generation of students, DEI continues to grow on campuses. Of course what gestates on campuses doesn't stay there. DEI is now a ubiquitous mantra across the country, adopted by corporations, professional associations, scientific funders, publication reviewers, museum collections, award ceremonies, theatrical productions, movie casts and plots, orchestras and their repertoires, among many other industries and institutions. Who could object to these concepts? Seeing a billboard declaring, "Diversity is our strength" doesn't really hurt anyone, does it? DEI advocates argue that no good person could support monocultures, inequality or exclusion, so the movement is just promoting "common good" ethics. This article discusses the following: (1) is DEI a common good ethic?; (2) DEI as a partisan agenda; and (3) resistance to DEI in faculty hiring.

Published
2023

213. Could the Magnetic Star HD 135348 Possess a Rigidly Rotating Magnetosphere?

Author

Jayaraman, Rahul, Hubrig, Swetlana, Holdsworth, Daniel L., Schöller, Markus, Järvinen, Silva, Kurtz, Donald W., and Ricker, George R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the detection and characterization of a new magnetospheric star, HD 135348, based on photometric and spectropolarimetric observations. The TESS light curve of this star exhibited variations consistent with stars known to possess rigidly rotating magnetospheres (RRMs), so we obtained spectropolarimetric observations using the Robert Stobie Spectrograph (RSS) on the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) at four different rotational phases. From these observations, we calculated the longitudinal magnetic field of the star $\langle B_z \rangle$, as well as the Alfv\'en and Kepler radii, and deduced that this star contains a centrifugal magnetosphere. However, an archival spectrum does not exhibit the characteristic "double-horned" emission profile for H$\alpha$ and the Brackett series that has been observed in many other RRM stars. This could be due to the insufficient rotational phase coverage of the available set of observations, as the spectra of these stars significantly vary with the star's rotation. Our analysis underscores the use of TESS in photometrically identifying magnetic star candidates for spectropolarimetric follow-up using ground-based instruments. We are evaluating the implementation of a machine learning classifier to search for more examples of RRM stars in TESS data., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in ApJL

Published
2021
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214. GJ 367b: A dense ultra-short period sub-Earth planet transiting a nearby red dwarf star

Author

Lam, Kristine W. F., Csizmadia, Szilárd, Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bonfils, Xavier, Gandolfi, Davide, Padovan, Sebastiano, Esposito, Massimiliano, Hellier, Coel, Hirano, Teruyuki, Livingston, John, Murgas, Felipe, Smith, Alexis M. S., Collins, Karen A., Mathur, Savita, Garcia, Rafael A., Howell, Steve B., Santos, Nuno C., Dai, Fei, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Albrecht, Simon, Almenara, Jose M., Artigau, Etienne, Barragán, Oscar, Bouchy, François, Cabrera, Juan, Charbonneau, David, Chaturvedi, Priyanka, Chaushev, Alexander, Christiansen, Jessie L., Cochran, William D., De Meideiros, José R., Delfosse, Xavier, Díaz, Rodrigo F., Doyon, René, Eigmüller, Philipp, Figueira, Pedro, Forveille, Thierry, Fridlund, Malcolm, Gaisné, Guillaume, Goffo, Elisa, Georgieva, Iskra, Grziwa, Sascha, Guenther, Eike, Hatzes, Artie P., Johnson, Marshall C., Kabáth, Petr, Knudstrup, Emil, Korth, Judith, Lewin, Pablo, Lissauer, Jack J., Lovis, Christophe, Luque, Rafael, Melo, Claudio, Morgan, Edward H., Morris, Robert, Mayor, Michel, Narita, Norio, Osborne, Hannah L. M., Palle, Enric, Pepe, Francesco, Persson, Carina M., Quinn, Samuel N., Rauer, Heike, Redfield, Seth, Schlieder, Joshua E., Ségransan, Damien, Serrano, Luisa M., Smith, Jeffrey C., Šubjak, Ján, Twicken, Joseph D., Udry, Stéphane, Van Eylen, Vincent, and Vezie, Michael

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

Ultra-short-period (USP) exoplanets have orbital periods shorter than one day. Precise masses and radii of USPs could provide constraints on their unknown formation and evolution processes. We report the detection and characterization of the USP planet GJ 367b using high precision photometry and radial velocity observations. GJ 367b orbits a bright (V-band magnitude = 10.2), nearby, red (M-type) dwarf star every 7.7 hours. GJ 367b has a radius of $0.718 \pm 0.054$ Earth-radii, a mass of $0.546 \pm 0.078$ Earth-masses, making it a sub-Earth. The corresponding bulk density is $8.106 \pm 2.165$ g cm$^-3$, close to that of iron. An interior structure model predicts the planet has an iron core radius fraction of $86 \pm 5\%$, similar to Mercury's interior., Comment: Note: "This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of the AAAS for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Science , (2021-12-03), doi: 10.1126/science.aay3253"

Published
2021
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215. TOI-1842b: A Transiting Warm Saturn Undergoing Re-Inflation around an Evolving Subgiant

Author

Wittenmyer, Robert A., Clark, Jake T., Trifonov, Trifon, Addison, Brett C., Wright, Duncan J., Stassun, Keivan G., Horner, Jonathan, Lowson, Nataliea, Kielkopf, John, Kane, Stephen R., Plavchan, Peter, Shporer, Avi, Zhang, Hui, Bowler, Brendan P., Mengel, Matthew W., Okumura, Jack, Rabus, Markus, Johnson, Marshall C., Harbeck, Daniel, Tronsgaard, Rene, Buchhave, Lars A., Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Gan, Tianjun, Jensen, Eric L. N., Howell, Steve B., Furlan, E., Gnilka, Crystal L., Lester, Kathryn V., Matson, Rachel A., Scott, Nicholas J., Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Rudat, Alexander, Quintana, Elisa V., Rodriguez, David R., Caldwell, Douglas A., Quinn, Samuel N., Essack, Zahra, and Bouma, Luke G.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The imminent launch of space telescopes designed to probe the atmospheres of exoplanets has prompted new efforts to prioritise the thousands of transiting planet candidates for follow-up characterisation. We report the detection and confirmation of TOI-1842b, a warm Saturn identified by TESS and confirmed with ground-based observations from Minerva-Australis, NRES, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. This planet has a radius of $1.04^{+0.06}_{-0.05}\,R_{Jup}$, a mass of $0.214^{+0.040}_{-0.038}\,M_{Jup}$, an orbital period of $9.5739^{+0.0002}_{-0.0001}$ days, and an extremely low density ($\rho$=0.252$\pm$0.091 g cm$^{-3}$). TOI-1842b has among the best known combinations of large atmospheric scale height (893 km) and host-star brightness ($J=8.747$ mag), making it an attractive target for atmospheric characterisation. As the host star is beginning to evolve off the main sequence, TOI-1842b presents an excellent opportunity to test models of gas giant re-inflation. The primary transit duration of only 4.3 hours also makes TOI-1842b an easily-schedulable target for further ground-based atmospheric characterisation., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ

Published
2021
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216. TOI-2109b: An Ultrahot Gas Giant on a 16 hr Orbit

Author

Wong, Ian, Shporer, Avi, Zhou, George, Kitzmann, Daniel, Komacek, Thaddeus D., Tan, Xianyu, Tronsgaard, René, Buchhave, Lars A., Vissapragada, Shreyas, Greklek-McKeon, Michael, Rodriguez, Joseph E., Ahlers, John P., Quinn, Samuel N., Furlan, Elise, Howell, Steve B., Bieryla, Allyson, Heng, Kevin, Knutson, Heather A., Collins, Karen A., McLeod, Kim K., Berlind, Perry, Brown, Peyton, Calkins, Michael L., de Leon, Jerome P., Esparza-Borges, Emma, Esquerdo, Gilbert A., Fukui, Akihiko, Gan, Tianjun, Girardin, Eric, Gnilka, Crystal L., Ikoma, Masahiro, Jensen, Eric L. N., Kielkopf, John, Kodama, Takanori, Kurita, Seiya, Lester, Kathryn V., Lewin, Pablo, Marino, Giuseppe, Murgas, Felipe, Narita, Norio, Pallé, Enric, Schwarz, Richard P., Stassun, Keivan G., Tamura, Motohide, Watanabe, Noriharu, Benneke, Björn, Ricker, George R., Latham, David W., Vanderspek, Roland, Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Caldwell, Douglas A., Fong, William, Huang, Chelsea X., Mireles, Ismael, Schlieder, Joshua E., Shiao, Bernie, and Villaseñor, Jesus Noel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of an ultrahot Jupiter with an extremely short orbital period of $0.67247414\,\pm\,0.00000028$ days ($\sim$16 hr). The $1.347 \pm 0.047$ $R_{\rm Jup}$ planet, initially identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission, orbits TOI-2109 (TIC 392476080): a $T_{\rm eff} \sim 6500$ K F-type star with a mass of $1.447 \pm 0.077$ $M_{\rm Sun}$, a radius of $1.698 \pm 0.060$ $R_{\rm Sun}$, and a rotational velocity of $v\sin i_* = 81.9 \pm 1.7$ km s$^{-1}$. The planetary nature of TOI-2109b was confirmed through radial velocity measurements, which yielded a planet mass of $5.02 \pm 0.75$ $M_{\rm Jup}$. Analysis of the Doppler shadow in spectroscopic transit observations indicates a well-aligned system, with a sky-projected obliquity of $\lambda = 1\overset{\circ}{.}7 \pm 1\overset{\circ}{.}7$. From the TESS full-orbit light curve, we measured a secondary eclipse depth of $731 \pm 46$ ppm, as well as phase-curve variations from the planet's longitudinal brightness modulation and ellipsoidal distortion of the host star. Combining the TESS-band occultation measurement with a $K_s$-band secondary eclipse depth ($2012 \pm 80$ ppm) derived from ground-based observations, we find that the dayside emission of TOI-2109b is consistent with a brightness temperature of $3631 \pm 69$ K, making it the second hottest exoplanet hitherto discovered. By virtue of its extreme irradiation and strong planet-star gravitational interaction, TOI-2109b is an exceptionally promising target for intensive follow-up studies using current and near-future telescope facilities to probe for orbital decay, detect tidally driven atmospheric escape, and assess the impacts of H$_2$ dissociation and recombination on the global heat transport., Comment: 30 pages, 17 figures, published in AJ

Published
2021
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217. GWTC-3: Compact Binary Coalescences Observed by LIGO and Virgo During the Second Part of the Third Observing Run

Author

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adhikari, N., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Agarwal, D., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Akcay, S., Akutsu, T., Albanesi, S., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Anand, C., Anand, S., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Ando, M., Andrade, T., Andres, N., Andrić, T., Angelova, S. V., Ansoldi, S., Antelis, J. M., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, Koji, Arai, Koya, Arai, Y., Araki, S., Araya, A., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arène, M., Aritomi, N., Arnaud, N., Arogeti, M., Aronson, S. M., Arun, K. G., Asada, H., Asali, Y., Ashton, G., Aso, Y., Assiduo, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aubin, F., Austin, C., Babak, S., Badaracco, F., Bader, M. K. M., Badger, C., Bae, S., Bae, Y., Baer, A. M., Bagnasco, S., Bai, Y., Baiotti, L., Baird, J., Bajpai, R., Ball, M., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Balsamo, A., Baltus, G., Banagiri, S., Bankar, D., Barayoga, J. C., Barbieri, C., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barneo, P., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Baylor, A. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Bedakihale, V. M., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Benedetto, V., Beniwal, D., Bennett, T. F., Bentley, J. D., BenYaala, M., Bergamin, F., Berger, B. K., Bernuzzi, S., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beveridge, D., Bhandare, R., Bhardwaj, U., Bhattacharjee, D., Bhaumik, S., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Bini, S., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Bischi, M., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Biswas, B., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. -A., Blackburn, J. K., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bobba, F., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Boldrini, M., Bonavena, L. D., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Booker, P., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, N., Bose, S., Bossilkov, V., Boudart, V., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Bramley, A., Branch, A., Branchesi, M., Brandt, J., Brau, J. E., Breschi, M., Briant, T., Briggs, J. H., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brockill, P., Brooks, A. F., Brooks, J., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Bruno, G., Bruntz, R., Bryant, J., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buscicchio, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. L., Davies, G. S. Cabourn, Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Cahillane, C., Bustillo, J. Calderón, Callaghan, J. D., Callister, T. A., Calloni, E., Cameron, J., Camp, J. B., Canepa, M., Canevarolo, S., Cannavacciuolo, M., Cannon, K. C., Cao, H., Cao, Z., Capocasa, E., Capote, E., Carapella, G., Carbognani, F., Carlin, J. B., Carney, M. F., Carpinelli, M., Carrillo, G., Carullo, G., Carver, T. L., Diaz, J. 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A., Steinhoff, J., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stevenson, S. P., Stops, D. J., Stover, M., Strain, K. A., Strang, L. C., Stratta, G., Strunk, A., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Sudhagar, S., Sudhir, V., Sugimoto, R., Suh, H. G., Sullivan, A. G., Sullivan, J. M., Summerscales, T. Z., Sun, H., Sun, L., Sunil, S., Sur, A., Suresh, J., Sutton, P. J., Suzuki, Takamasa, Suzuki, Toshikazu, Swinkels, B. L., Szczepańczyk, M. J., Szewczyk, P., Tacca, M., Tagoshi, H., Tait, S. C., Takahashi, H., Takahashi, R., Takamori, A., Takano, S., Takeda, H., Takeda, M., Talbot, C. J., Talbot, C., Tanaka, H., Tanaka, Kazuyuki, Tanaka, Kenta, Tanaka, Taiki, Tanaka, Takahiro, Tanasijczuk, A. J., Tanioka, S., Tanner, D. B., Tao, D., Tao, L., Martín, E. N. Tapia San, Taranto, C., Tasson, J. D., Telada, S., Tenorio, R., Terhune, J. E., Terkowski, L., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, L., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thompson, J. E., Thondapu, S. R., Thorne, K. A., Thrane, E., Tiwari, Shubhanshu, Tiwari, Srishti, Tiwari, V., Toivonen, A. M., Toland, K., Tolley, A. E., Tomaru, T., Tomigami, Y., Tomura, T., Tonelli, M., Torres-Forné, A., Torrie, C. I., Melo, I. Tosta e, Töyrä, D., Trapananti, A., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Trevor, M., Tringali, M. C., Tripathee, A., Troiano, L., Trovato, A., Trozzo, L., Trudeau, R. J., Tsai, D. S., Tsai, D., Tsang, K. W., Tsang, T., Tsao, J-S., Tse, M., Tso, R., Tsubono, K., Tsuchida, S., Tsukada, L., Tsuna, D., Tsutsui, T., Tsuzuki, T., Turbang, K., Turconi, M., Tuyenbayev, D., Ubhi, A. S., Uchikata, N., Uchiyama, T., Udall, R. P., Ueda, A., Uehara, T., Ueno, K., Ueshima, G., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Uraguchi, F., Urban, A. L., Ushiba, T., Utina, A., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Vajpeyi, A., Valdes, G., Valentini, M., Valsan, V., van Bakel, N., van Beuzekom, M., Brand, J. F. J. van den, Broeck, C. Van Den, Vander-Hyde, D. C., van der Schaaf, L., van Heijningen, J. V., Vanosky, J., van Putten, M. H. P. M., van Remortel, N., Vardaro, M., Vargas, A. F., Varma, V., Vasúth, M., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venneberg, J., Venugopalan, G., Verkindt, D., Verma, P., Verma, Y., Veske, D., Vetrano, F., Viceré, A., Vidyant, S., Viets, A. D., Vijaykumar, A., Villa-Ortega, V., Vinet, J. -Y., Virtuoso, A., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., von Reis, E. R. G., von Wrangel, J. S. A., Vorvick, C., Vyatchanin, S. P., Wade, L. E., Wade, M., Wagner, K. J., Walet, R. C., Walker, M., Wallace, G. S., Wallace, L., Walsh, S., Wang, J., Wang, J. Z., Wang, W. H., Ward, R. L., Warner, J., Was, M., Washimi, T., Washington, N. Y., Watchi, J., Weaver, B., Webster, S. A., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Weller, C. M., Weller, R. A., Wellmann, F., Wen, L., Weßels, P., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., White, D. D., Whiting, B. F., Whittle, C., Wilken, D., Williams, D., Williams, M. J., Williams, N., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wilson, D. J., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wlodarczyk, T., Woan, G., Woehler, J., Wofford, J. K., Wong, I. C. F., Wu, C., Wu, D. S., Wu, H., Wu, S., Wysocki, D. M., Xiao, L., Xu, W-R., Yamada, T., Yamamoto, H., Yamamoto, Kazuhiro, Yamamoto, Kohei, Yamamoto, T., Yamashita, K., Yamazaki, R., Yang, F. W., Yang, L., Yang, Y., Yang, Yang, Yang, Z., Yap, M. J., Yeeles, D. W., Yelikar, A. B., Ying, M., Yokogawa, K., Yokoyama, J., Yokozawa, T., Yoo, J., Yoshioka, T., Yu, Hang, Yu, Haocun, Yuzurihara, H., Zadrożny, A., Zanolin, M., Zeidler, S., Zelenova, T., Zendri, J. -P., Zevin, M., Zhan, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C., Zhao, G., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Yue, Zheng, Y., Zhou, R., Zhou, Z., Zhu, X. J., Zhu, Z. -H., Zimmerman, A. B., Zlochower, Y., Zucker, M. E., and Zweizig, J.

Subjects
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The third Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-3) describes signals detected with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo up to the end of their third observing run. Updating the previous GWTC-2.1, we present candidate gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences during the second half of the third observing run (O3b) between 1 November 2019, 15:00 UTC and 27 March 2020, 17:00 UTC. There are 35 compact binary coalescence candidates identified by at least one of our search algorithms with a probability of astrophysical origin $p_\mathrm{astro} > 0.5$. Of these, 18 were previously reported as low-latency public alerts, and 17 are reported here for the first time. Based upon estimates for the component masses, our O3b candidates with $p_\mathrm{astro} > 0.5$ are consistent with gravitational-wave signals from binary black holes or neutron star-black hole binaries, and we identify none from binary neutron stars. However, from the gravitational-wave data alone, we are not able to measure matter effects that distinguish whether the binary components are neutron stars or black holes. The range of inferred component masses is similar to that found with previous catalogs, but the O3b candidates include the first confident observations of neutron star-black hole binaries. Including the 35 candidates from O3b in addition to those from GWTC-2.1, GWTC-3 contains 90 candidates found by our analysis with $p_\mathrm{astro} > 0.5$ across the first three observing runs. These observations of compact binary coalescences present an unprecedented view of the properties of black holes and neutron stars., Comment: 88 pages (10 pages author list, 31 pages main text, 1 page acknowledgements, 24 pages appendices, 22 pages bibliography), 17 figures, 16 tables. Update to match version to be published in Physical Review X. Data products available from https://gwosc.org/GWTC-3/

Published
2021
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218. TOI-712: a system of adolescent mini-Neptunes extending to the habitable zone

Author

Vach, Sydney, Quinn, Samuel N., Vanderburg, Andrew, Kane, Stephen R., Collins, Karen A., Kraus, Adam L., Zhou, George, Medina, Amber A., Schwarz, Richard P., Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Stockdale, Chris, Massey, Bob, Suarez, Olga, Guillot, Tristan, Mekarnia, Djamel, Abe, Lyu, Dransfield, Georgina, Crouzet, Nicolas, Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Schmider, François-Xavier, Agabi, Abelkrim, Buttu, Marco, Furlan, Elise, Gnilka, Crystal L., Howell, Steve B., Ziegler, Carl, Briceño, César, Law, Nicholas, Mann, Andrew W., Rudat, Alexander, Colon, Knicole D., Rose, Mark E., Kunimoto, Michelle, Günther, Maximilian N., Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland K., Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., and Jenkins, Jon M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

As an all-sky survey, NASA's $TESS$ mission is able to detect the brightest and rarest types of transiting planetary systems, including young planets that enable study of the evolutionary processes that occur within the first billion years. Here, we report the discovery of a young, multi-planet system orbiting the bright K4.5V star, TOI-712 ($V = 10.838$, $M_\star = 0.733_{-0.025}^{+0.026} M_\odot$, $R_\star = 0.674\pm0.016 R_\odot$, $T_{\rm eff} = 4622_{-60}^{+61}$ K). From the $TESS$ light curve, we measure a rotation period of 12.48 days, and derive an age between about $500$ Myr and 1.1 Gyr. The photometric observations reveal three transiting mini-Neptunes ($R_b = 2.049^{+0.12}_{-0.080} R_\oplus$, $R_c = 2.701^{+0.092}_{-0.082} R_\oplus$, $R_d = 2.474^{+0.090}_{-0.082} R_\oplus $), with orbital periods of $P_b = 9.531$ days, $P_c = 51.699$ days, and $P_d = 84.839$ days. After modeling the three-planet system, an additional Earth-sized candidate is identified, TOI-712.05 ($P = 4.32$ days, $R_P = 0.81 \pm 0.11 R_\oplus$). We calculate that the habitable zone falls between 0.339 and 0.844 au (82.7 and 325.3 days), placing TOI-712 d near its inner edge. Among planetary systems harboring temperate planets, TOI-712 ($T = 9.9$) stands out as a relatively young star bright enough to motivate further characterization., Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 5 tables, submitted to AAS Journals

Published
2021
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219. TESS Eclipsing Binary Stars. I. Short cadence observations of 4584 eclipsing binaries in Sectors 1-26

Author

Prsa, Andrej, Kochoska, Angela, Conroy, Kyle E., Eisner, Nora, Hey, Daniel R., IJspeert, Luc, Kruse, Ethan, Fleming, Scott W., Johnston, Cole, Kristiansen, Martti H., LaCourse, Daryll, Mortensen, Danielle, Pepper, Joshua, Stassun, Keivan G., Torres, Guillermo, Abdul-Masih, Michael, Chakraborty, Joheen, Gagliano, Robert, Guo, Zhao, Hambleton, Kelly, Hong, Kyeongsoo, Jacobs, Thomas, Jones, David, Kostov, Veselin, Lee, Jae Woo, Omohundro, Mark, Orosz, Jerome A., Page, Emma J., Powell, Brian P., Rappaport, Saul, Reed, Phill, Schnittman, Jeremy, Schwengeler, Hans Martin, Shporer, Avi, Terentev, Ivan A., Vanderburg, Andrew, Welsh, William F., Caldwell, Douglas A., Doty, John P., Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, Schlieder, Joshua E., Shiao, Bernie, Vanderspek, Roland, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

In this paper we present a catalog of 4584 eclipsing binaries observed during the first two years (26 sectors) of the TESS survey. We discuss selection criteria for eclipsing binary candidates, detection of hither-to unknown eclipsing systems, determination of the ephemerides, the validation and triage process, and the derivation of heuristic estimates for the ephemerides. Instead of keeping to the widely used discrete classes, we propose a binary star morphology classification based on a dimensionality reduction algorithm. Finally, we present statistical properties of the sample, we qualitatively estimate completeness, and discuss the results. The work presented here is organized and performed within the TESS Eclipsing Binary Working Group, an open group of professional and citizen scientists; we conclude by describing ongoing work and future goals for the group. The catalog is available from http://tessEBs.villanova.edu and from MAST., Comment: 32 pages, 21 figures, accepted to ApJ Supplement Series; comments welcome

Published
2021
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220. The LHS 1678 System: Two Earth-Sized Transiting Planets and an Astrometric Companion Orbiting an M Dwarf Near the Convective Boundary at 20 pc

Author

Silverstein, Michele L., Schlieder, Joshua E., Barclay, Thomas, Hord, Benjamin J., Jao, Wei-Chun, Vrijmoet, Eliot Halley, Henry, Todd J., Cloutier, Ryan, Kostov, Veselin B., Kruse, Ethan, Winters, Jennifer G., Irwin, Jonathan M., Kane, Stephen R., Stassun, Keivan G., Huang, Chelsea, Kunimoto, Michelle, Tey, Evan, Vanderburg, Andrew, Astudillo-Defru, Nicola, Bonfils, Xavier, Brasseur, C. E., Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Conti, Dennis M., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Daylan, Tansu, Doty, John P., Dressing, Courtney D., Gilbert, Emily A., Horne, Keith, Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Mann, Andrew W., Matthews, Elisabeth, Paredes, Leonardo A., Quinn, Samuel N., Ricker, George R., Schwarz, Richard P., Seager, Sara, Sefako, Ramotholo, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Jeffrey C., Stockdale, Christopher, Tan, Thiam-Guan, Torres, Guillermo, Twicken, Joseph D., Vanderspek, Roland, Wang, Gavin, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the TESS discovery of the LHS 1678 (TOI-696) exoplanet system, comprised of two approximately Earth-sized transiting planets and a likely astrometric brown dwarf orbiting a bright ($V_J$=12.5, $K_s$=8.3) M2 dwarf at 19.9 pc. The two TESS-detected planets are of radius 0.70$\pm$0.04 $R_\oplus$ and 0.98$\pm$0.06 $R_\oplus$ in 0.86-day and 3.69-day orbits, respectively. Both planets are validated and characterized via ground-based follow-up observations. HARPS RV monitoring yields 97.7 percentile mass upper limits of 0.35 $M_\oplus$ and 1.4 $M_\oplus$ for planets b and c, respectively. The astrometric companion detected by the CTIO/SMARTS 0.9m has an orbital period on the order of decades and is undetected by other means. Additional ground-based observations constrain the companion to being a high-mass brown dwarf or smaller. Each planet is of unique interest; the inner planet has an ultra-short period, and the outer planet is in the Venus zone. Both are promising targets for atmospheric characterization with the JWST and mass measurements via extreme-precision radial velocity. A third planet candidate of radius 0.9$\pm$0.1 $R_\oplus$ in a 4.97-day orbit is also identified in multi-Cycle TESS data for validation in future work. The host star is associated with an observed gap in the lower main sequence of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. This gap is tied to the transition from partially- to fully-convective interiors in M dwarfs, and the effect of the associated stellar astrophysics on exoplanet evolution is currently unknown. The culmination of these system properties makes LHS 1678 a unique, compelling playground for comparative exoplanet science and understanding the formation and evolution of small, short-period exoplanets orbiting low-mass stars., Comment: Published in The Astronomical Journal (31 pages, 21 figures, 11 tables, 3 appendices)

Published
2021
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221. TOI-2285b: A 1.7 Earth-radius Planet Near the Habitable Zone around a Nearby M Dwarf

Author

Fukui, Akihiko, Kimura, Tadahiro, Hirano, Teruyuki, Narita, Norio, Kodama, Takanori, Hori, Yasunori, Ikoma, Masahiro, Pallé, Enric, Murgas, Felipe, Parviainen, Hannu, Kawauchi, Kiyoe, Mori, Mayuko, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Bieryla, Allyson, Irwin, Jonathan, Safonov, Boris S., Stassun, Keivan G., Alvarez-Hernandez, Leticia, Béjar, Víctor J. S., Casasayas-Barris, Núria, Chen, Guo, Crouzet, Nicolas, de Leon, Jerome P., Isogai, Keisuke, Kagetani, Taiki, Klagyivik, Peter, Korth, Judith, Kurita, Seiya, Kusakabe, Nobuhiko, Livingston, John, Luque, Rafael, Madrigal-Aguado, Alberto, Morello, Giuseppe, Nishiumi, Taku, Orell-Miquel, Jaume, Oshagh, Mahmoudreza, Sánchez-Benavente, Manuel, Stangret, Monika, Terada, Yuka, Watanabe, Noriharu, Zou, Yujie, Tamura, Motohide, Kurokawa, Takashi, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Nishikawa, Jun, Omiya, Masashi, Vievard, Sébastien, Ueda, Akitoshi, Latham, David W., Quinn, Samuel N., Strakhov, Ivan S., Belinski, Alexandr A., Jenkins, Jon M., Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, Vanderspek, Roland, Winn, Joshua N., Charbonneau, David, Ciardi, David R., Collins, Karen A., Doty, John P., Bachelet, Etienne, and Harbeck, Daniel

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of TOI-2285b, a sub-Neptune-sized planet transiting a nearby (42 pc) M dwarf with a period of 27.3 days. We identified the transit signal from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometric data, which we confirmed with ground-based photometric observations using the multiband imagers MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3. Combining these data with other follow-up observations including high resolution spectroscopy with the Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, high resolution imaging with the SPeckle Polarimeter, and radial velocity (RV) measurements with the InfraRed Doppler instrument, we find that the planet has a radius of 1.74 $\pm$ 0.08 $R_\oplus$, a mass of $<$ 19.5 $M_\oplus$ (95\% c.l.), and an insolation flux of 1.54 $\pm$ 0.14 times that of the Earth. Although the planet resides just outside the habitable zone for a rocky planet, if the planet harbors an H$_2$O layer under a hydrogen-rich atmosphere, then liquid water could exist on the surface of the H$_2$O layer depending on the planetary mass and water mass fraction. The bright host star in the near infrared ($K_s=9.0$) makes this planet an excellent target for further RV and atmospheric observations to improve our understanding on the composition, formation, and habitability of sub-Neptune-sized planets., Comment: 9 pages, 3 figures, published online in PASJ

Published
2021
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222. TESS Hunt for Young and Maturing Exoplanets (THYME) VI: an 11 Myr giant planet transiting a very low-mass star in Lower Centaurus Crux

Author

Mann, Andrew W., Wood, Mackenna L., Schmidt, Stephen P., Barber, Madyson G., Owen, James E., Tofflemire, Benjamin M., Newton, Elisabeth R., Mamajek, Eric E., Bush, Jonathan L., Mace, Gregory N., Kraus, Adam L., Thao, Pa Chia, Vanderburg, Andrew, Llama, Joe, Johns-Krull, Christopher M., Prato, L., Stahl, Asa G., Tang, Shih-Yun, Fields, Matthew J., Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Gan, Tianjun, Jensen, Eric L. N., Kamler, Jacob, Schwarz, Richard P., Furlan, Elise, Gnilka, Crystal L., Howell, Steve B., Lester, Kathryn V., Owens, Dylan A., Suarez, Olga, Mekarnia, Djamel, Guillot, Tristan, Abe, Lyu, Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Johnson, Marshall C., Milburn, Reilly P., Rizzuto, Aaron C., Quinn, Samuel N., Kerr, Ronan, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Guerrero, Natalia M., Shporer, Avi, Schlieder, Joshua E., McLean, Brian, and Wohler, Bill

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Mature super-Earths and sub-Neptunes are predicted to be $\simeq$Jovian radius when younger than 10 Myr. Thus, we expect to find 5-15$R_\oplus$ planets around young stars even if their older counterparts harbor none. We report the discovery and validation of TOI 1227 b, a $0.85\pm0.05R_J$ (9.5$R_\oplus$) planet transiting a very low-mass star ($0.170\pm0.015M_\odot$) every 27.4 days. TOI~1227's kinematics and strong lithium absorption confirm it is a member of a previously discovered sub-group in the Lower Centaurus Crux OB association, which we designate the Musca group. We derive an age of 11$\pm$2 Myr for Musca, based on lithium, rotation, and the color-magnitude diagram of Musca members. The TESS data and ground-based follow-up show a deep (2.5\%) transit. We use multiwavelength transit observations and radial velocities from the IGRINS spectrograph to validate the signal as planetary in nature, and we obtain an upper limit on the planet mass of $\simeq0.5 M_J$. Because such large planets are exceptionally rare around mature low-mass stars, we suggest that TOI 1227 b is still contracting and will eventually turn into one of the more common $<5R_\oplus$ planets., Comment: Accepted to the Astronomical Journal. Minor updates during referee process and proofs

Published
2021
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223. TKS V. Twin sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935

Author

Scarsdale, Nicholas, Murphy, Joseph M. Akana, Batalha, Natalie M., Crossfield, Ian J. M., Dressing, Courtney D., Fulton, Benjamin, Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Isaacson, Howard, Kane, Stephen R., Petigura, Erik A., Robertson, Paul, Roy, Arpita, Weiss, Lauren M., Beard, Corey, Behmard, Aida, Chontos, Ashley, Christiansen, Jessie L., Ciardi, David R., Claytor, Zachary R., Collins, Karen A., Collins, Kevin I., Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Dragomir, Diana, Fetherolf, Tara, Fukui, Akihiko, Giacalone, Steven, Gonzales, Erica J., Hill, Michelle L., Hirsch, Lea A., Jensen, Eric L. N., Kosiarek, Molly R., de Leon, Jerome P., Lubin, Jack, Lund, Michael B., Luque, Rafael, Mayo, Andrew W., Močnik, Teo, Mori, Mayuko, Narita, Norio, Nowak, Grzegorz, Pallé, Enric, Rabus, Markus, Rosenthal, Lee J., Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Shporer, Avi, Stassun, Keivan G., Twicken, Joe, Wang, Gavin, Wohler, Bill, Yahalomi, Daniel A., Jenkins, Jon, Latham, David W., Ricker, George R., Seager, S., Vanderspek, Roland, and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the discovery of two nearly identically-sized sub-Neptune transiting planets orbiting HD 63935, a bright ($V=8.6$ mag), sun-like ($T_{eff}=5560K$) star at 49 pc. TESS identified the first planet, HD 63935 b (TOI-509.01), in Sectors 7 and 34. We identified the second signal (HD 63935 c) in Keck HIRES and Lick APF radial velocity data as part of our followup campaign. It was subsequently confirmed with TESS photometry in Sector 34 as TOI-509.02. Our analysis of the photometric and radial velocity data yields a robust detection of both planets with periods of $9.0600 \pm 0.007$ and $21.40 \pm 0.0019$ days, radii of $2.99 \pm 0.14$ and $2.90 \pm 0.13$ $R_\oplus$, and masses of $10.8 \pm 1.8$ and $11.1 \pm 2.4$ $M_\oplus$. We calculate densities for planets b and c consistent with a few percent of the planet mass in hydrogen/helium envelopes. We also describe our survey's efforts to choose the best targets for JWST atmospheric followup. These efforts suggest that HD 63935 b will have the most clearly visible atmosphere of its class. It is the best target for transmission spectroscopy (ranked by Transmission Spectroscopy Metric, a proxy for atmospheric observability) in the so-far uncharacterized parameter space comprising sub-Neptune-sized (2.6 $R_\oplus$ $<$ $R_p$ $<$ 4 $R_\oplus$), moderately-irradiated (100 $F_\oplus$ $<$ $F_p$ $<$ 1000 $F_\oplus$) planets around G-stars. Planet c is also a viable target for transmission spectroscopy, and given the indistinguishable masses and radii of the two planets, the system serves as a natural laboratory for examining the processes that shape the evolution of sub-Neptune planets., Comment: 22 pages, 12 figures, published in AJ

Published
2021
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224. The TESS-Keck Survey. VI. Two Eccentric sub-Neptunes Orbiting HIP-97166

Author

MacDougall, Mason G., Petigura, Erik A., Angelo, Isabel, Lubin, Jack, Batalha, Natalie M., Beard, Corey, Behmard, Aida, Blunt, Sarah, Brinkman, Casey, Chontos, Ashley, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Dai, Fei, Dalba, Paul A., Dressing, Courtney, Fulton, Benjamin, Giacalone, Steven, Hill, Michelle L., Howard, Andrew W., Huber, Daniel, Isaacson, Howard, Kane, Stephen R., Mayo, Andrew, Močnik, Teo, Murphy, Joseph M. Akana, Polanski, Alex, Rice, Malena, Robertson, Paul, Rosenthal, Lee J., Roy, Arpita, Rubenzahl, Ryan A., Scarsdale, Nicholas, Turtelboom, Emma, Van Zandt, Judah, Weiss, Lauren M., Matthews, Elisabeth, Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Ricker, George R., Seager, S., Vanderspek, Roland K., Winn, Joshua N., Brasseur, C. E., Doty, John, Fausnaugh, Michael, Guerrero, Natalia, Henze, Chris, Lund, Michael B., and Shporer, Avi

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of HIP-97166b (TOI-1255b), a transiting sub-Neptune on a 10.3-day orbit around a K0 dwarf 68 pc from Earth. This planet was identified in a systematic search of TESS Objects of Interest for planets with eccentric orbits, based on a mismatch between the observed transit duration and the expected duration for a circular orbit. We confirmed the planetary nature of HIP-97166b with ground-based radial velocity measurements and measured a mass of $M_{b} =$ 20 $\pm$ 2 $M_\bigoplus$ along with a radius of $R_{b} =$ 2.7 $\pm$ 0.1 $R_\bigoplus$ from photometry. We detected an additional non-transiting planetary companion with $M_{c}$ sin$i =$ 10 $\pm$ 2 $M_\bigoplus$ on a 16.8-day orbit. While the short transit duration of the inner planet initially suggested a high eccentricity, a joint RV-photometry analysis revealed a high impact parameter $b = 0.84 \pm 0.03$ and a moderate eccentricity. Modeling the dynamics with the condition that the system remain stable over $>$10$^5$ orbits yielded eccentricity constraints $e_b = 0.16 \pm 0.03$ and $e_c < 0.25$. The eccentricity we find for planet b is above average for the small population of sub-Neptunes with well-measured eccentricities. We explored the plausible formation pathways of this system, proposing an early instability and merger event to explain the high density of the inner planet at $5.3 \pm 0.9$ g/cc as well as its moderate eccentricity and proximity to a 5:3 mean-motion resonance., Comment: Accepted at The Astronomical Journal; 15 pages, 10 figures

Published
2021
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225. TOI-530b: A giant planet transiting an M dwarf detected by TESS

Author

Gan, Tianjun, Lin, Zitao, Wang, Sharon Xuesong, Mao, Shude, Fouqué, Pascal, Stassun, Keivan G., Giacalone, Steven, Fukui, Akihiko, Murgas, Felipe, Ciardi, David R., Howell, Steve B., Collins, Karen A., Shporer, Avi, Arnold, Luc, Barclay, Thomas, Charbonneau, David, Christiansen, Jessie, Crossfield, Ian J. M., Dressing, Courtney D., Elliott, Ashley, Esparza-Borges, Emma, Evans, Phil, Gnilka, Crystal L., Gonzales, Erica J., Howard, Andrew W., Isogai, Keisuke, Kawauchi, Kiyoe, Kurita, Seiya, Liu, Beibei, Livingston, John H., Matson, Rachel A., Narita, Norio, Palle, Enric, Parviainen, Hannu, Rackham, Benjamin V., Rodriguez, David R., Rose, Mark, Rudat, Alexander, Schlieder, Joshua E., Scott, Nicholas J., Vezie, Michael, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., and Jenkins, Jon M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We report the discovery of TOI-530b, a transiting giant planet around an M0.5V dwarf, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located at a distance of $147.7\pm0.6$ pc with a radius of $R_{\ast}=0.54\pm0.03\ R_{\odot}$ and a mass of $M_{\ast}=0.53\pm0.02\ M_{\odot}$. We verify the planetary nature of the transit signals by combining ground-based multi-wavelength photometry, high resolution spectroscopy from SPIRou as well as high-angular-resolution imaging. With $V=15.4$ mag, TOI-530b is orbiting one of the faintest stars accessible by ground-based spectroscopy. Our model reveals that TOI-530b has a radius of $0.83\pm0.05\ R_{J}$ and a mass of $0.4\pm0.1\ M_{J}$ on a 6.39-d orbit. TOI-530b is the sixth transiting giant planet hosted by an M-type star, which is predicted to be infrequent according to core accretion theory, making it a valuable object to further study the formation and migration history of similar planets. We discuss the potential formation channel of such systems., Comment: 17 pages, 12 figures, 8 tables, accepted for publication by MNRAS

Published
2021
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227. Ionic Liquid Coating‐Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV

Author

Christine M. Hamadani, Fakhri Mahdi, Anya Merrell, Jack Flanders, Ruofan Cao, Priyavrat Vashisth, Gaya S. Dasanayake, Donovan S. Darlington, Gagandeep Singh, Mercedes C. Pride, Wake G. Monroe, George R. Taylor, Alysha N. Hunter, Gregg Roman, Jason J. Paris, and Eden E. L. Tanner

Subjects
brain delivery, cellular hitchhiking, ionic liquids, nanoparticles, red blood cells, Science
Abstract

Abstract Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge. For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately managed by systemic antiretrovirals (ARTs). ARTs thus cannot eradicate HIV, and given CNS infection, patients experience neurological deficits collectively referred to as “neuroHIV”. Herein, the development of bioinspired ionic liquid‐coated nanoparticles (IL‐NPs) for in situ hitchhiking on red blood cells (RBCs) is reported, which enables 48% brain delivery of intracarotid arterial‐ infused cargo. Moreover, IL choline trans‐2‐hexenoate (CA2HA 1:2) demonstrates preferential accumulation in parenchymal microglia over endothelial cells post‐delivery. This study further demonstrates successful loading of abacavir (ABC), an ART that is challenging to encapsulate, into IL‐NPs, and verifies retention of antiviral efficacy in vitro. IL‐NPs are not cytotoxic to primary human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and the CA2HA 1:2 coating itself confers notable anti‐viremic capacity. In addition, in vitro cell culture assays show markedly increased uptake of IL‐NPs into neural cells compared to bare PLGA nanoparticles. This work debuts bioinspired ionic liquids as promising nanoparticle coatings to assist CNS biodistribution and has the potential to revolutionize the delivery of cargos (i.e., drugs, viral vectors) through compartmental barriers such as the blood‐brain‐barrier (BBB).

Published
2024
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228. 4′-Fluorouridine inhibits alphavirus replication and infection in vitro and in vivo

Author

Peiqi Yin, Nicholas A. May, Laura Sandra Lello, Atef Fayed, M. Guston Parks, Adam M. Drobish, Sainan Wang, Meghan Andrews, Zachary Sticher, Alexander A. Kolykhalov, Michael G. Natchus, George R. Painter, Andres Merits, Margaret Kielian, and Thomas E. Morrison

Subjects
alphavirus, chikungunya virus, mayaro virus, antiviral, RNA replication, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an enveloped, positive-sense RNA virus that has re-emerged to cause millions of human infections worldwide. In humans, acute CHIKV infection causes fever and severe muscle and joint pain. Chronic and debilitating arthritis and joint pain can persist for months to years. To date, there are no approved antivirals against CHIKV. Recently, the ribonucleoside analog 4′-fluorouridine (4′-FlU) was reported as a highly potent orally available inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2, respiratory syncytial virus, and influenza virus replication. In this study, we assessed 4′-FlU’s potency and breadth of inhibition against a panel of alphaviruses including CHIKV, and found that it broadly suppressed alphavirus production in cell culture. 4′-FlU acted on the viral RNA replication step, and the first 4 hours post-infection were the critical time for its antiviral effect. In vitro replication assays identified nsP4 as the target of inhibition. In vivo, treatment with 4′-FlU reduced disease signs, inflammatory responses, and viral tissue burden in mouse models of CHIKV and Mayaro virus infection. Treatment initiated at 2 hours post-infection was most effective; however, treatment initiated as late as 24–48 hours post-infection produced measurable antiviral effects in the CHIKV mouse model. 4′-FlU showed effective oral delivery in our mouse model and resulted in the accumulation of both 4′-FlU and its bioactive triphosphate form in tissues relevant to arthritogenic alphavirus pathogenesis. Together, our data indicate that 4′-FlU inhibits CHIKV infection in vitro and in vivo and is a promising oral therapeutic candidate against CHIKV infection.IMPORTANCEAlphaviruses including chikungunya virus (CHIKV) are mosquito-borne positive-strand RNA viruses that can cause various diseases in humans. Although compounds that inhibit CHIKV and other alphaviruses have been identified in vitro, there are no licensed antivirals against CHIKV. Here, we investigated a ribonucleoside analog, 4′-fluorouridine (4′-FlU), and demonstrated that it inhibited infectious virus production by several alphaviruses in vitro and reduced virus burden in mouse models of CHIKV and Mayaro virus infection. Our studies also indicated that 4′-FlU treatment reduced CHIKV-induced footpad swelling and reduced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhibition in the mouse model correlated with effective oral delivery of 4′-FlU and accumulation of both 4′-FlU and its bioactive form in relevant tissues. In summary, 4′-FlU exhibits potential as a novel anti-alphavirus agent targeting the replication of viral RNA.

Published
2024
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229. Identifying MAGE-A4-positive tumors for TCR T cell therapies in HLA-A∗02-eligible patients

Author

Tianjiao Wang, Jean-Marc Navenot, Stavros Rafail, Cynthia Kurtis, Mark Carroll, Marian Van Kerckhoven, Sofie Van Rossom, Kelly Schats, Konstantinos Avraam, Robyn Broad, Karen Howe, Ashley Liddle, Amber Clayton, Ruoxi Wang, Laura Quinn, Joseph P. Sanderson, Cheryl McAlpine, Carly Carozza, Eric Pimpinella, Susan Hsu, Francine Brophy, Erica Elefant, Paige Bayer, Dennis Williams, Marcus O. Butler, Jeffrey M. Clarke, Justin F. Gainor, Ramaswamy Govindan, Victor Moreno, Melissa Johnson, Janet Tu, David S. Hong, and George R. Blumenschein, Jr.

Subjects
HLA, immunotherapy, MAGE-A4, T cell receptor, T cell therapy, biomarker, Genetics, QH426-470, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract

T cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapies target tumor antigens in a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-restricted manner. Biomarker-defined therapies require validation of assays suitable for determination of patient eligibility. For clinical trials evaluating TCR T cell therapies targeting melanoma-associated antigen A4 (MAGE-A4), screening in studies NCT02636855 and NCT04044768 assesses patient eligibility based on: (1) high-resolution HLA typing and (2) tumor MAGE-A4 testing via an immunohistochemical assay in HLA-eligible patients. The HLA/MAGE-A4 assays validation, biomarker data, and their relationship to covariates (demographics, cancer type, histopathology, tissue location) are reported here. HLA-A∗02 eligibility was 44.8% (2,959/6,606) in patients from 43 sites across North America and Europe. While HLA-A∗02:01 was the most frequent HLA-A∗02 allele, others (A∗02:02, A∗02:03, A∗02:06) considerably increased HLA eligibility in Hispanic, Black, and Asian populations. Overall, MAGE-A4 prevalence based on clinical trial enrollment was 26% (447/1,750) across 10 solid tumor types, and was highest in synovial sarcoma (70%) and lowest in gastric cancer (9%). The covariates were generally not associated with MAGE-A4 expression, except for patient age in ovarian cancer and histology in non-small cell lung cancer. This report shows the eligibility rate from biomarker screening for TCR T cell therapies and provides epidemiological data for future clinical development of MAGE-A4-targeted therapies.

Published
2024
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230. Study protocol: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of isavuconazole prophylaxis for the prevention of covid-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis

Author

Jeffrey D. Jenks, Martin Hoenigl, and George R. Thompson, 3rd

Subjects
COVID-19-Associated pulmonary aspergillosis, CAPA, Invasive aspergillosis, COVID-19, Isavuconazole, Cresemba®, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: During the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, those with severe COVID-19 infection were at risk for a number of opportunistic infections including COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA). We initiated a randomized clinical trial to evaluate whether isavuconazole, a triazole antifungal, could prevent CAPA and improve survival in patients admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 infection. Methods: We designed a phase III/IV randomized, double-blind, two-arm, placebo-controlled trial evaluating standard of care (SOC) plus isavuconazole versus SOC plus placebo and were to enroll participants admitted to the ICU with severe COVID-19 infection at three medical centers in California, United States. The projected sample size was 162 participants. Results: Due to poor enrollment and the declining number of COVID-19 cases over time, the study was terminated after 7 participants were enrolled, all enrolled at one study site (UC San Diego Health). CAPA was suspected in two participants and they were started on open-label isavuconazole. One was withdrawn due to possible isavuconazole-related adverse side effects. Conclusion: Enrollment was slower-than-expected due to multiple factors, including competing COVID-19-related studies and hesitancy from potential study participants or their families to join the study. Our experience highlights some of the difficulties in planning and running a clinical trial focused on fungal superinfections involving severely ill patients during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons learned from this study will help in the design of proposed studies examining antifungal prophylaxis against aspergillosis following other severe respiratory viral infections.

Published
2024
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231. Effect of grain size on defect annealing in displacement-damaged tungsten

Author

Anže Založnik, David Dellasega, Gabriele Alberti, Matteo Passoni, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, Marlene I. Patino, Michael J. Simmonds, Matthew J. Baldwin, and George R. Tynan

Subjects
Tungsten, Annealing, Deuterium, Retention, Nanograin, Grain boundary, Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

Pulsed laser deposition and subsequent thermal treatment were used to create compact tungsten layers with various grain sizes (1μm, 100 nm, and 10 nm). The layers were self-damaged at room temperature up to 0.23 dpa using 20.3 MeV W ions and annealed in vacuum at 473 K or 673 K prior to exposure to deuterium plasma to populate the surviving displacement defects. Thermal desorption spectroscopy was used to measure deuterium retention and study the desorption profile. Rate-equation modeling of the desorption spectra was performed to study the behavior of individual traps at both annealing temperatures. After annealing the 1μm and 100 nm samples at 473 K, the deuterium retention was found to decrease by 24% and 9%, respectively, whereas the total deuterium retention in the 10 nm sample did not change. Annealing at 673 K reduced total deuterium retention by additional 27%, 14%, and 34% in the case of the samples with a grain size of 1μm, 100 nm, and 10 nm, respectively.

Published
2024
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232. Utility of peripheral protein biomarkers for the prediction of incident interstitial features: a multicentre retrospective cohort study

Author

Russell Bowler, David O Wilson, George R Washko, Ivan O Rosas, Ruben San Jose Estepar, Raul San Jose Estepar, Ravi Kalhan, Tracy J Doyle, Samuel Ash, Bina Choi, Victor Castro, Nicholas Enzer, and Gabrielle Liu

Subjects
Medicine, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Introduction/rationale Protein biomarkers may help enable the prediction of incident interstitial features on chest CT.Methods We identified which protein biomarkers in a cohort of smokers (COPDGene) differed between those with and without objectively measured interstitial features at baseline using a univariate screen (t-test false discovery rate, FDR p

Published
2024
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233. Toward designing human intervention studies to prevent osteoarthritis after knee injury: A report from an interdisciplinary OARSI 2023 workshop

Author

Jackie L. Whittaker, Raneem Kalsoum, James Bilzon, Philip G. Conaghan, Kay Crossley, George R. Dodge, Alan Getgood, Xiaojuan Li, Elena Losina, Deborah J. Mason, Brian Pietrosimone, May Arna Risberg, Frank Roemer, David Felson, Adam G. Culvenor, Duncan Meuffels, Nicole Gerwin, Lee S. Simon, L. Stefan Lohmander, Martin Englund, and Fiona E. Watt

Subjects
Knee, Osteoarthritis, Post-traumatic osteoarthritis, Prevention, Randomised controlled trials, Trial design, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Objective: The global impact of osteoarthritis is growing. Currently no disease modifying osteoarthritis drugs/therapies exist, increasing the need for preventative strategies. Knee injuries have a high prevalence, distinct onset, and strong independent association with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Numerous groups are embarking upon research that will culminate in clinical trials to assess the effect of interventions to prevent knee PTOA despite challenges and lack of consensus about trial design in this population. Our objectives were to improve awareness of knee PTOA prevention trial design and discuss state-of-the art methods to address the unique opportunities and challenges of these studies. Design: An international interdisciplinary group developed a workshop, hosted at the 2023 Osteoarthritis Research Society International Congress. Here we summarize the workshop content and outputs, with the goal of moving the field of PTOA prevention trial design forward. Results: Workshop highlights included discussions about target population (considering risk, homogeneity, and possibility of modifying osteoarthritis outcome); target treatment (considering delivery, timing, feasibility and effectiveness); comparators (usual care, placebo), and primary symptomatic outcomes considering surrogates and the importance of knee function and symptoms other than pain to this population. Conclusions: Opportunities to test multimodal PTOA prevention interventions across preclinical models and clinical trials exist. As improving symptomatic outcomes aligns with patient and regulator priorities, co-primary symptomatic (single or aggregate/multidimensional outcome considering function and symptoms beyond pain) and structural/physiological outcomes may be appropriate for these trials. To ensure PTOA prevention trials are relevant and acceptable to all stakeholders, future research should address critical knowledge gaps and challenges.

Published
2024
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234. Rheumatoid arthritis and changes on spirometry by smoking status in two prospective longitudinal cohorts

Author

Gary M Hunninghake, Zachary S Wallace, Edwin K Silverman, George R Washko, Jeffrey A Sparks, Michael H Cho, Matthew Moll, Pierre-Antoine Juge, Elizabeth A Regan, Raul San Jose Estepar, Gregory L Kinney, Paul F Dellaripa, Samuel Y Ash, Keigo Hayashi, Tracy J Doyle, Xiaosong Wang, Misti L Paudel, Gregory C McDermott, Danielle Sansone-Poe, and Kendra Young

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective To compare longitudinal changes in spirometric measures between patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and non-RA comparators.Methods We analysed longitudinal data from two prospective cohorts: the UK Biobank and COPDGene. Spirometry was conducted at baseline and a second visit after 5–7 years. RA was identified based on self-report and disease-modifying antirheumatic drug use; non-RA comparators reported neither. The primary outcomes were annual changes in the per cent-predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) and per cent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%). Statistical comparisons were performed using multivariable linear regression. The analysis was stratified based on baseline smoking status and the presence of obstructive pattern (FEV1/FVC

Published
2024
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235. Outpatient administration of CAR T-cell therapy: a focused review with recommendations for implementation in community based centers

Author

Ariel Perez, Tiba Al Sagheer, George R. Nahas, and Yuliya P. L. Linhares

Subjects
chimeric antigen receptor (CAR T), outpatient setting, community based, cellular therapy, implementation, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, RC581-607
Abstract

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has transformed the treatment landscape for hematological malignancies, showing high efficacy in patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) disease and otherwise poor prognosis in the pre-CAR-T era. These therapies have been usually administered in the inpatient setting due to the risk of cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). However, there is a growing interest in the transition to outpatient administration due to multiple reasons. We review available evidence regarding safety and feasibility of outpatient administration of CD19 targeted and BCMA targeted CAR T-cell therapy with an emphasis on the implementation of outpatient CAR-T programs in community-based centers.

Published
2024
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237. Epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in a medically insured population in the United States: a claims-based analysis from 2017 to 2019

Author

Daniel B. Chastain, Qian Zhang, Xianyan Chen, Henry N. Young, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Jose Tuells, George R. Thompson, and Andrés F. Henao-Martínez

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Background: Emerging risk factors highlight the need for an updated understanding of cryptococcosis in the United States. Objective: Describe the epidemiological trends and clinical outcomes of cryptococcosis in three patient groups: people with HIV (PWH), non-HIV-infected and non-transplant (NHNT) patients, and patients with a history of solid organ transplantation. Methods: We utilized data from the Merative Medicaid Database to identify individuals aged 18 and above with cryptococcosis based on the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision diagnosis codes from January 2017 to December 2019. Patients were stratified into PWH, NHNT patients, and transplant recipients according to Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. Baseline characteristics, types of cryptococcosis, hospitalization details, and in-hospital mortality rates were compared across groups. Results: Among 703 patients, 59.7% were PWH, 35.6% were NHNT, and 4.7% were transplant recipients. PWH were more likely to be younger, male, identify as Black, and have fewer comorbidities than patients in the NHNT and transplant groups. Notably, 24% of NHNT patients lacked comorbidities. Central nervous system, pulmonary, and disseminated cryptococcosis were most common overall (60%, 14%, and 11%, respectively). The incidence of cryptococcosis fluctuated throughout the study period. PWH accounted for over 50% of cases from June 2017 to June 2019, but this proportion decreased to 47% from July to December 2019. Among the 52% of patients requiring hospitalization, 61% were PWH and 35% were NHNT patients. PWH had longer hospital stays. In-hospital mortality at 90 days was significantly higher in NHNT patients (22%) compared to PWH (7%) and transplant recipients (0%). One-year mortality remained lowest among PWH (8%) compared to NHNT patients (22%) and transplant recipients (13%). Conclusion: In this study, most cases of cryptococcosis were PWH. Interestingly, while the incidence remained relatively stable in PWH, it slightly increased in those without HIV by the end of the study period. Mortality was highest in NHNT patients.

Published
2024
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238. Noninvasive Testing and Surrogate Markers in Invasive Fungal Diseases

Author

Thompson, George R, Boulware, David R, Bahr, Nathan C, Clancy, Cornelius J, Harrison, Thomas S, Kauffman, Carol A, Le, Thuy, Miceli, Marisa H, Mylonakis, Eleftherios, Nguyen, M Hong, Ostrosky-Zeichner, Luis, Patterson, Thomas F, Perfect, John R, Spec, Andrej, Kontoyiannis, Dimitrios P, and Pappas, Peter G

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Emerging Infectious Diseases, Prevention, Infectious Diseases, 4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies, Detection, screening and diagnosis, Infection, Good Health and Well Being, diagnosis, fungal infections, mycology, Clinical sciences, Medical microbiology
Abstract

Invasive fungal infections continue to increase as at-risk populations expand. The high associated morbidity and mortality with fungal diseases mandate the continued investigation of novel antifungal agents and diagnostic strategies that include surrogate biomarkers. Biologic markers of disease are useful prognostic indicators during clinical care, and their use in place of traditional survival end points may allow for more rapid conduct of clinical trials requiring fewer participants, decreased trial expense, and limited need for long-term follow-up. A number of fungal biomarkers have been developed and extensively evaluated in prospective clinical trials and small series. We examine the evidence for these surrogate biomarkers in this review and provide recommendations for clinicians and regulatory authorities.

Published
2022

239. Sleep-disordered Breathing in Pregnancy and after Delivery: Associations with Cardiometabolic Health.

Author

Facco, Francesca L, Redline, Susan, Hunter, Shannon M, Zee, Phyllis C, Grobman, William A, Silver, Robert M, Louis, Judette M, Pien, Grace W, Mercer, Brian, Chung, Judith H, Bairey Merz, C Noel, Haas, David M, Nhan-Chang, Chia-Ling, Simhan, Hyagriv N, Schubert, Frank P, Parry, Samuel, Reddy, Uma, Saade, George R, Hoffman, Matthew K, Levine, Lisa D, Wapner, Ronald J, Catov, Janet M, and Parker, Corette B

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology, Lung, Women's Health, Sleep Research, Pregnancy, Hypertension, Clinical Research, Maternal Health, Cardiovascular, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Humans, Odds Ratio, Oxygen, Polysomnography, Risk Factors, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, sleep disordered breathing, pregnancy, postpartum, cardiometabolic health, hypertension, sleep-disordered breathing, Medical and Health Sciences, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

Rationale: Knowledge gaps exist regarding health implications of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) identified in pregnancy and/or after delivery. Objectives: To determine whether SDB in pregnancy and/or after delivery is associated with hypertension (HTN) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Methods: nuMoM2b-HHS (Nulliparous Pregnancy Outcomes Study: Monitoring Mothers-to-be Heart Health Study) (N = 4,508) followed participants initially recruited during their first pregnancy. Participants returned for a visit 2-7 years after pregnancy. This study examined a subgroup who underwent SDB assessments during their first pregnancy (n = 1,964) and a repeat SDB assessment after delivery (n = 1,222). Two SDB definitions were considered: 1) apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ⩾ 5 and 2) oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ⩾ 5. Associations between SDB and incident HTN and MS were evaluated with adjusted risk ratios (aRRs). Measurements and Main Results: The aRR for MS given an AHI ⩾ 5 during pregnancy was 1.44 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.93), but no association with HTN was found. ODI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was associated with both an increased risk for HTN (aRR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.30-3.14) and MS (aRR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.19-1.97). Participants with an AHI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy that persisted after delivery were at higher risk for both HTN (aRR, 3.77; 95% CI, 1.84-7.73) and MS (aRR, 2.46; 95% CI, 1.59-3.76). Similar associations were observed for persistent ODI ⩾ 5 after delivery. Conclusions: An AHI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of MS. An ODI ⩾ 5 in pregnancy was significantly associated with both HTN and MS. Participants with persistent elevations in AHI and ODI during pregnancy and at 2-7 years after delivery were at the highest risk for HTN and MS. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02231398).

Published
2022

240. Treatment for Mild Chronic Hypertension during Pregnancy

Author

Tita, Alan T, Szychowski, Jeff M, Boggess, Kim, Dugoff, Lorraine, Sibai, Baha, Lawrence, Kirsten, Hughes, Brenna L, Bell, Joseph, Aagaard, Kjersti, Edwards, Rodney K, Gibson, Kelly, Haas, David M, Plante, Lauren, Metz, Torri, Casey, Brian, Esplin, Sean, Longo, Sherri, Hoffman, Matthew, Saade, George R, Hoppe, Kara K, Foroutan, Janelle, Tuuli, Methodius, Owens, Michelle Y, Simhan, Hyagriv N, Frey, Heather, Rosen, Todd, Palatnik, Anna, Baker, Susan, August, Phyllis, Reddy, Uma M, Kinzler, Wendy, Su, Emily, Krishna, Iris, Nguyen, Nicki, Norton, Mary E, Skupski, Daniel, El-Sayed, Yasser Y, Ogunyemi, Dotum, Galis, Zorina S, Harper, Lorie, Ambalavanan, Namasivayam, Geller, Nancy L, Oparil, Suzanne, Cutter, Gary R, and Andrews, William W

Subjects
Paediatrics, Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Lung, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Hypertension, Clinical Research, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Infant Mortality, Contraception/Reproduction, Cardiovascular, Patient Safety, Pediatric, Conditions Affecting the Embryonic and Fetal Periods, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Abruptio Placentae, Antihypertensive Agents, Birth Weight, Chronic Disease, Female, Fetal Growth Retardation, Humans, Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced, Infant, Newborn, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Outcome, Premature Birth, Chronic Hypertension and Pregnancy (CHAP) Trial Consortium, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

BackgroundThe benefits and safety of the treatment of mild chronic hypertension (blood pressure,

Published
2022

241. A chromosomal-level reference genome of the widely utilized Coccidioides posadasii laboratory strain “Silveira”

Author

de Melo Teixeira, Marcus, Stajich, Jason E, Sahl, Jason W, Thompson, George R, Brem, Rachel B, Dubin, Claire A, Blackmon, Austin V, Mead, Heather L, Keim, Paul, and Barker, Bridget M

Subjects
Microbiology, Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Valley Fever, Rare Diseases, Human Genome, Base Sequence, Coccidioides, Coccidioidomycosis, Humans, Phylogeny, valley fever, long-read sequencing, funannotate, human fungal pathogen, fungal genomes, reference genome, coccidioidomycosis, Biochemistry and cell biology, Statistics
Abstract

Coccidioidomycosis is a common fungal disease that is endemic to arid and semi-arid regions of both American continents. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are the etiological agents of the disease, also known as Valley Fever. For several decades, the C. posadasii strain Silveira has been used widely in vaccine studies, is the source strain for production of diagnostic antigens, and is a widely used experimental strain for functional studies. In 2009, the genome was sequenced using Sanger sequencing technology, and a draft assembly and annotation were made available. In this study, the genome of the Silveira strain was sequenced using single molecule real-time sequencing PacBio technology, assembled into chromosomal-level contigs, genotyped, and the genome was reannotated using sophisticated and curated in silico tools. This high-quality genome sequencing effort has improved our understanding of chromosomal structure, gene set annotation, and lays the groundwork for identification of structural variants (e.g. transversions, translocations, and copy number variants), assessment of gene gain and loss, and comparison of transposable elements in future phylogenetic and population genomics studies.

Published
2022

242. Longitudinal Association Between Muscle Loss and Mortality in Ever Smokers

Author

Mason, Stefanie E, Moreta-Martinez, Rafael, Labaki, Wassim W, Strand, Matthew J, Regan, Elizabeth A, Bon, Jessica, San Jose Estepar, Ruben, Casaburi, Richard, McDonald, Merry-Lynn, Rossiter, Harry B, Make, Barry, Dransfield, Mark T, Han, MeiLan K, Young, Kendra, Curtis, Jeffrey L, Stringer, Kathleen, Kinney, Greg, Hokanson, John E, San Jose Estepar, Raul, Washko, George R, Crapo, James D, Silverman, Edwin K, Cummings, Sara, Madden, Kelley, Make, Barry J, Nabbosa, Juliet, Port, Emily, Rashdi, Serine, Stepp, Lori, Watts, Shandi, Weaver, Michael, Beaty, Terri, Bowler, Russell P, Lynch, David A, Regan, Elizabeth, Anderson, Gary, Bleecker, Eugene R, Coxson, Harvey O, Crystal, Ronald G, Hogg, James C, Province, Michael A, Rennard, Stephen I, Croxton, Thomas, Gan, Weiniu, Postow, Lisa A, Viviano, Lisa M, Costa-Davis, Corinne, Malanga, Elisha, Prieto, Delia, Tal-Singer, Ruth, Farzadegan, Homayoon, Hadji, Akila, Sathe, Leena, Baraghoshi, David, Chen, Grace, Crooks, James, Knowles, Ruthie, Pratte, Katherine, Wilson, Carla, Zelarney, Pearlanne T, Kechris, Katerina J, Leach, Sonia, Hokanson, Co-Chair John E, Austin, Erin E, Czizik, Annika, Kinney, Gregory, Li, Yisha, Lutz, Sharon M, Ragland, Margaret F, Richmond, Nicole, Young, Kendra A, Cho, Michael, Castaldi, Peter J, Glass, Kimberly, Hersh, Craig, Kim, Wonji, Liu, Yang-Yu, Hersh, Craig P, Bidinger, Jacqueline, Cho, Michael H, Conrad, Douglas, and DeMeo, Dawn L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Nutrition, Prevention, Clinical Research, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Good Health and Well Being, Body Composition, Body Mass Index, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Lung, Pectoralis Muscles, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Smokers, COPD, mortality, muscle wasting, sarcopenia, COPDGene Investigators, Respiratory System, Cardiovascular medicine and haematology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

BackgroundBody composition measures, specifically low weight or reduced muscle mass, are associated with mortality in COPD, but the effect of longitudinal body composition changes is undefined.Research questionIs the longitudinal loss of fat-free mass (FFM) associated with increased mortality, including in those with initially normal or elevated body composition metrics?Study design and methodsParticipants with complete data for at least one visit in the COPDGene study (n = 9,268) and the ECLIPSE study (n = 1,760) were included and monitored for 12 and 8 years, respectively. Pectoralis muscle area (PMA) was derived from thoracic CT scans and used as a proxy for FFM. A longitudinal mixed submodel for PMA and a Cox proportional hazards submodel for survival were fitted on a joint distribution, using a shared random intercept parameter and Markov chain Monte Carlo parameter estimation.ResultsBoth cohorts demonstrated a left-shifted distribution of baseline FFM, not reflected in BMI, and an increase in all-cause mortality risk associated with longitudinal loss of PMA. For each 1-cm2 PMA loss, mortality increased 3.1% (95% CI, 2.4%-3.7%; P < .001) in COPDGene, and 2.4% (95% CI, 0.9%-4.0%; P < .001) in ECLIPSE. Increased mortality risk was independent of enrollment values for BMI and disease severity [BODE (body mass, airflow obstruction, dyspnea, and exercise capacity) index quartiles] and was significant even in participants with initially greater than average PMA.InterpretationLongitudinal loss of PMA is associated with increased all-cause mortality, regardless of BMI or initial muscle mass. Consideration of novel screening tests and further research into mechanisms contributing to muscle decline may improve risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic targets in ever smokers.

Published
2022

243. Characterization of the Growth and Morphology of a BSL-2 Coccidioides posadasii Strain That Persists in the Parasitic Life Cycle at Ambient CO2.

Author

Garcia, Javier A, Vu, Kiem, Thompson, George R, and Gelli, Angie

Subjects
Coccidioides, Galleria mellonella, hyphal growth, spherules, Infectious Diseases, Rare Diseases, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Infection, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Coccidioides is a dimorphic fungus responsible for Valley Fever and is the cause of severe morbidity and mortality in the infected population. Although there is some insight into the genes, pathways, and growth media involved in the parasitic to saprophytic growth transition, the exact determinants that govern this switch are largely unknown. In this work, we examined the growth and morphology of a Coccidioides posadasii strain (C. posadasii S/E) that efficiently produces spherules and endospores and persists in the parasitic life cycle at ambient CO2. We demonstrated that C. posadasii S/E remains virulent in an insect infection model. Surprisingly, under spherule-inducing conditions, the C. posadasii S/E culture was found to be completely hyphal. Differential interference contrast (DIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed unexpected cellular changes in this strain including cell wall remodeling and formation of septal pores with Woronin bodies. Our study suggests that the C. posadasii S/E strain is a useful BSL-2 model for studying mechanisms underlying the parasitic to saprophytic growth transition-a morphological switch that can impact the pathogenicity of the organism in the host.

Published
2022

244. A Uniform Search for Nearby Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters in TESS Data Reveals Hot Jupiters are Still Lonely

Author

Hord, Benjamin J., Colón, Knicole D., Kostov, Veselin, Galgano, Brianna, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Barclay, Thomas, Caldwell, Douglas A., Essack, Zahra, Fausnaugh, Michael, Guerrero, Natalia M., and Wohler, Bill

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the results of a uniform search for additional planets around all stars with confirmed hot Jupiters observed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) in its Cycle 1 survey of the southern ecliptic hemisphere. Our search comprises 184 total planetary systems with confirmed hot Jupiters with $R_{p}$ > 8$R_\oplus$ and orbital period < 10 days. The Transit Least Squares (TLS) algorithm was utilized to search for periodic signals that may have been missed by other planet search pipelines. While we recovered 169 of these confirmed hot Jupiters, our search yielded no new statistically-validated planetary candidates in the parameter space searched (P < 14 days). A lack of planet candidates nearby hot Jupiters in the TESS data supports results from previous transit searches of each individual system, now down to the photometric precision of TESS. This is consistent with expectations from a high eccentricity migration formation scenario, but additional formation indicators are needed for definitive confirmation. We injected transit signals into the light curves of the hot Jupiter sample to probe the pipeline's sensitivity to the target parameter space, finding a dependence proportional to $R_{p}^{2.32}P^{-0.88}$ for planets within 0.3$\leq$$R_{p}$$\leq$4 $R_\oplus$ and 1$\leq$$P$$\leq$14 days. A statistical analysis accounting for this sensitivity provides a median and $90\%$ confidence interval of $7.3\substack{+15.2 \\ -7.3}\%$ for the rate of hot Jupiters with nearby companions in this target parameter space. This study demonstrates how TESS uniquely enables comprehensive searches for nearby planetary companions to nearly all the known hot Jupiters., Comment: Accepted for publication in AJ (23 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, 1 appendix)

Published
2021
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245. First results on RR Lyrae stars with the TESS space telescope: untangling the connections between mode content, colors and distances

Author

Molnár, László, Bódi, Attila, Pál, András, Bhardwaj, Anupam, Hambsch, Franz-Josef, Benkő, József M., Derekas, Aliz, Ebadi, Mohammad, Joyce, Meridith, Hasanzadeh, Amir, Kolenberg, Katrien, Lund, Michael B., Nemec, James M., Netzel, Henryka, Ngeow, Chow-Choong, Pepper, Joshua, Plachy, Emese, Prudil, Zdeněk, Siverd, Robert J., Skarka, Marek, Smolec, Radosław, Sódor, Ádám, Sylla, Salma, Szabó, Pál, Szabó, Róbert, Kjeldsen, Hans, Christensen-Dalsgaard, Jørgen, and Ricker, George R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

The TESS space telescope is collecting continuous, high-precision optical photometry of stars throughout the sky, including thousands of RR Lyrae stars. In this paper, we present results for an initial sample of 118 nearby RR Lyrae stars observed in TESS Sectors 1 and 2. We use differential-image photometry to generate light curves and analyse their mode content and modulation properties. We combine accurate light curve parameters from TESS with parallax and color information from the Gaia mission to create a comprehensive classification scheme. We build a clean sample, preserving RR Lyrae stars with unusual light curve shapes, while separating other types of pulsating stars. We find that a large fraction of RR Lyrae stars exhibit various low-amplitude modes, but the distribution of those modes is markedly different from those of the bulge stars. This suggests that differences in physical parameters have an observable effect on the excitation of extra modes, potentially offering a way to uncover the origins of these signals. However, mode identification is hindered by uncertainties when identifying the true pulsation frequencies of the extra modes. We compare mode amplitude ratios in classical double-mode stars to stars with extra modes at low amplitudes and find that they separate into two distinct groups. Finally, we find a high percentage of modulated stars among the fundamental-mode pulsators, but also find that at least 28% of them do not exhibit modulation, confirming that a significant fraction of stars lack the Blazhko effect., Comment: 35 pages, 26 figures, and a 19-page appendix. Accepted for publication in ApJS. Light curve data temporarily available: https://konkoly.hu/staff/lmolnar/tess_rrl_firstlight_all_lcs.txt

Published
2021
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246. Flares, Rotation, and Planets of the AU Mic System from TESS Observations

Author

Gilbert, Emily A., Barclay, Thomas, Quintana, Elisa V., Walkowicz, Lucianne M., Vega, Laura D., Schlieder, Joshua E., Monsue, Teresa, Cale, Bryson, Collins, Kevin I., Gaidos, Eric, Mufti, Mohammed El, Reefe, Michael, Plavchan, Peter, Tanner, Angelle, Wittenmyer, Robert A., Wittrock, Justin M., Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Ricker, George R., Rose, Mark E., Seager, S., Vanderspek, Roland K., and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

AU Mic is a young ($\sim$24 Myr), pre-Main Sequence M~dwarf star that was observed in the first month of science observations of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and re-observed two years later. This target has photometric variability from a variety of sources that is readily apparent in the TESS light curves; spots induce modulation in the light curve, flares are present throughout (manifesting as sharp rises with slow exponential decay phases), and transits of AU Mic b may be seen by eye as dips in the light curve. We present a combined analysis of both TESS Sector 1 and Sector 27 AU Mic light curves including the new 20-second cadence data from TESS Year 3. We compare flare rates between both observations and analyze the spot evolution, showing that the activity levels increase slightly from Sector 1 to Sector 27. Furthermore, the 20-second data collection allows us to detect more flares, smaller flares, and better resolve flare morphology in white light as compared to the 2-minute data collection mode. We also refine the parameters for AU Mic b by fitting three additional transits of AU Mic b from Sector 27 using a model that includes stellar activity. We show that the transits exhibit clear transit timing variations (TTVs) with an amplitude of $\sim$80 seconds. We also detect three transits of a 2.8 $R_\oplus$ planet, AU Mic c, which has a period of 18.86 days., Comment: 18 pages, 13 figures, 5 tables, accepted to AJ

Published
2021
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247. TOI-3362b: A Proto-Hot Jupiter Undergoing High-Eccentricity Tidal Migration

Author

Dong, Jiayin, Huang, Chelsea X., Zhou, George, Dawson, Rebekah I., Rodriguez, Joseph E., Eastman, Jason D., Collins, Karen A., Quinn, Samuel N., Shporer, Avi, Triaud, Amaury H. M. J., Wang, Songhu, Beatty, Thomas, Jackson, Jonathon, Collins, Kevin I., Abe, Lyu, Suarez, Olga, Crouzet, Nicolas, MeKarnia, Djamel, Dransfield, Georgina, Jensen, Eric L. N., Stockdale, Chris, Barkaoui, Khalid, Heitzmann, Alexis, Wright, Duncan J., Addison, Brett C., Wittenmyer, Robert A., Okumura, Jack, Bowler, Brendan P., Horner, Jonathan, Kane, Stephen R., Kielkopf, John, Liu, Huigen, Plavchan, Peter, Mengel, Matthew W., Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Christiansen, Jessie L., and Paegert, Martin

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

High-eccentricity tidal migration is a possible way for giant planets to be emplaced in short-period orbits. If it commonly operates, one would expect to catch proto-Hot Jupiters on highly elliptical orbits that are undergoing high-eccentricity tidal migration. As of yet, few such systems have been discovered. Here, we introduce TOI-3362b (TIC-464300749b), an 18.1-day, 5 $M_{\rm Jup}$ planet orbiting a main-sequence F-type star that is likely undergoing high-eccentricity tidal migration. The orbital eccentricity is 0.815$^{+0.023}_{-0.032}$. With a semi-major axis of 0.153$^{+0.002}_{-0.003}$ au, the planet's orbit is expected to shrink to a final orbital radius of 0.051$^{+0.008}_{-0.006}$ au after complete tidal circularization. Several mechanisms could explain the extreme value of the planet's eccentricity, such as planet-planet scattering and secular interactions. Such hypotheses can be tested with follow-up observations of the system, e.g., measuring the stellar obliquity and searching for companions in the system with precise, long-term radial velocity observations. The variation in the planet's equilibrium temperature as it orbits the host star and the tidal heating at periapse make this planet an intriguing target for atmospheric modeling and observation. Because the planet's orbital period of 18.1 days is near the limit of TESS's period sensitivity, even a few such discoveries suggest that proto-Hot Jupiters may be quite common., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables. submitted to ApJL, revised in response to referee report

Published
2021
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248. Motion Artifact Reduction In Photoplethysmography For Reliable Signal Selection

Author

Mao, Runyu, Tweardy, Mackenzie, Wegerich, Stephan W., Goergen, Craig J., Wodicka, George R., and Zhu, Fengqing

Subjects
Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a non-invasive and economical technique to extract vital signs of the human body. Although it has been widely used in consumer and research grade wrist devices to track a user's physiology, the PPG signal is very sensitive to motion which can corrupt the signal's quality. Existing Motion Artifact (MA) reduction techniques have been developed and evaluated using either synthetic noisy signals or signals collected during high-intensity activities - both of which are difficult to generalize for real-life scenarios. Therefore, it is valuable to collect realistic PPG signals while performing Activities of Daily Living (ADL) to develop practical signal denoising and analysis methods. In this work, we propose an automatic pseudo clean PPG generation process for reliable PPG signal selection. For each noisy PPG segment, the corresponding pseudo clean PPG reduces the MAs and contains rich temporal details depicting cardiac features. Our experimental results show that 71% of the pseudo clean PPG collected from ADL can be considered as high quality segment where the derived MAE of heart rate and respiration rate are 1.46 BPM and 3.93 BrPM, respectively. Therefore, our proposed method can determine the reliability of the raw noisy PPG by considering quality of the corresponding pseudo clean PPG signal.

Published
2021

249. The TESS Mission Target Selection Procedure

Author

Fausnaugh, Michael, Morgan, Ed, Vanderspek, Roland, Pepper, Joshua, Burke, Christopher J., Levine, Alan M., Rudat, Alexander, Villaseñor, Jesus Noel S., Vezie, Michael, Goeke, Robert F., Ricker, George R., Latham, David W., Seager, S., Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Bakos, G. A., Barclay, Thomas, Berta-thompson, Zachory K., Bouma, Luke G., Boyd, Patricia T., Brasseur, C. E., Burt, Jennifer, Caldwell, Douglas A., Charbonneau, David, Christensen-dalsgaard, J., Clampin, Mark, Collins, Karen A., Colón, Knicole D., De Lee, Nathan, Dunham, Edward, Fleming, Scott W., Fong, William, Soto, Aylin Garcia, Gaudi, B. Scott, Guerrero, Natalia M., Hesse, Katharine, Holman, Matthew J., Huang, Chelsea X., Kaltenegger, Lisa, Lissauer, Jack J., Mcdermott, Scott, Mclean, Brian, Mireles, Ismael, Mullally, Susan E., Oelkers, Ryan J., Paegert, Martin, Pal, Andras, Quintana, Elisa V., Rinehart, S. A., Rodriguez, David R., Rose, Mark, Sasselov, Dimitar D., Schlieder, Joshua E., Sha, Lizhou, Shporer, Avi, Smith, Jeffrey C., Stassun, Keivan G., Tenenbaum, Peter, Ting, Eric B., Torres, Guillermo, Twicken, Joseph D., Vanderburg, Andrew, Wohler, Bill, and Yu, Liang

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We describe the target selection procedure by which stars are selected for 2-minute and 20-second observations by TESS. We first list the technical requirements of the TESS instrument and ground systems processing that limit the total number of target slots. We then describe algorithms used by the TESS Payload Operation Center (POC) to merge candidate targets requested by the various TESS mission elements (the Target Selection Working Group, TESS Asteroseismic Science Consortium, and Guest Investigator office). Lastly, we summarize the properties of the observed TESS targets over the two-year primary TESS mission. We find that the POC target selection algorithm results in 2.1 to 3.4 times as many observed targets as target slots allocated for each mission element. We also find that the sky distribution of observed targets is different from the sky distributions of candidate targets due to technical constraints that require a relatively even distribution of targets across the TESS fields of view. We caution researchers exploring statistical analyses of TESS planet-host stars that the population of observed targets cannot be characterized by any simple set of criteria applied to the properties of the input Candidate Target Lists., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in PASP

Published
2021
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250. A 20-Second Cadence View of Solar-Type Stars and Their Planets with TESS: Asteroseismology of Solar Analogs and a Re-characterization of pi Men c

Author

Huber, Daniel, White, Timothy R., Metcalfe, Travis S., Chontos, Ashley, Fausnaugh, Michael M., Ho, Cynthia S. K., Van Eylen, Vincent, Ball, Warrick, Basu, Sarbani, Bedding, Timothy R., Benomar, Othman, Bossini, Diego, Breton, Sylvain, Buzasi, Derek L., Campante, Tiago L., Chaplin, William J., Christensen-Dalsgaard, Joergen, Cunha, Margarida S., Deal, Morgan, Garcia, Rafael A., Munoz, Antonio Garcia, Gehan, Charlotte, Gonzalez-Cuesta, Lucia, Jiang, Chen, Kayhan, Cenk, Kjeldsen, Hans, Lundkvist, Mia S., Mathis, Stephane, Mathur, Savita, Monteiro, Mario J. P. F. G., Nsamba, Benard, Ong, Jia Mian Joel, Pakstiene, Erika, Serenelli, Aldo M., Aguirre, Victor Silva, Stassun, Keivan G., Stello, Dennis, Stilling, Sissel Norgaard, Winther, Mark Lykke, Wu, Tao, Barclay, Thomas, Daylan, Tansu, Guenther, Maximilian N., Hermes, J. J., Jenkins, Jon M., Latham, David W., Levine, Alan M., Ricker, George R., Seager, Sara, Shporer, Avi, Twicken, Joseph D., Vanderspek, Roland K., and Winn, Joshua N.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present an analysis of the first 20-second cadence light curves obtained by the TESS space telescope during its extended mission. We find a precision improvement of 20-second data compared to 2-minute data for bright stars when binned to the same cadence (~10-25% better for T<~8 mag, reaching equal precision at T~13 mag), consistent with pre-flight expectations based on differences in cosmic ray mitigation algorithms. We present two results enabled by this improvement. First, we use 20-second data to detect oscillations in three solar analogs (gamma Pav, zeta Tuc and pi Men) and use asteroseismology to measure their radii, masses, densities and ages to ~1%, ~3%, ~1% and ~20% respectively, including systematic errors. Combining our asteroseismic ages with chromospheric activity measurements we find evidence that the spread in the activity-age relation is linked to stellar mass and thus convection-zone depth. Second, we combine 20-second data and published radial velocities to re-characterize pi Men c, which is now the closest transiting exoplanet for which detailed asteroseismology of the host star is possible. We show that pi Men c is located at the upper edge of the planet radius valley for its orbital period, confirming that it has likely retained a volatile atmosphere and that the "asteroseismic radius valley" remains devoid of planets. Our analysis favors a low eccentricity for pi Men c (<0.1 at 68% confidence), suggesting efficient tidal dissipation (Q/k <~ 2400) if it formed via high-eccentricity migration. Combined, these early results demonstrate the strong potential of TESS 20-second cadence data for stellar astrophysics and exoplanet science., Comment: 17 pages (excluding references), 13 figures, 6 tables; accepted for publication in AJ. Data and scripts to reproduce results are archived at https://zenodo.org/record/5555456

Published
2021
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