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Horatosphaga scalata n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 8–9, 10 A, 11, 18–20) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Bahi District, Dodoma Region, East Chenene Forest Reserve, grasslands around antenna masts, 1500 m, March 2018. Paratypes 3 males, same data as holotype and March 2017. 3 males, Miloe near Gulwe, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, grassy clearing in Miombo woodlands on small hill, 1000 m, March 2018. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. Color green, with legs dark and creamy striped. On head and pronotum dark median fascia (Fig. 8, 9 A–C). Head and antennae: Antennae long and thick, of reddish colour. Fastigium verticis consisting of two bulges, a deep gap between the bulges and another large gap to the conical fastigium of the face. Tegmina and wings. Tegmina longer than twice the body length; tips of alae green, surpassing tegmina; around stridulatory area of left tegmen light brown marking (Fig. 8; Fig. 11 C). Anterior medial area of the tegmina broadened in the middle, its crossveins strongly arched towards the wing tip. Also costal area broad with regularly arranged crossveins arching towards the tip. Stridulatory file as in Fig. 10, consisting of two parts, parted by gap. Inner part with large, densely set teeth, outer part with smaller, more widely set teeth. With small mirror on right wing (Fig. 11 C). Legs. Tympanic auricles conchate, strongly inflated (Fig. 8, Fig. 9 C, Fig. 11 D). Fore and mid femora with ventral double row of irregular set spines, hind femora unarmed or almost so; tibiae quadratic in diameter, fore and hind tibiae with four rows of densely set spines, mid tibiae only with double row of ventral spines, dorsally unarmed. Abdomen. 10 th abdominal tergite unmodified with almost straight posterior margin. Cerci thick and round, tips sclerotized and inwardly curved (Fig. 11 A). Subgenital plate elongated, with two short lateral processes (Fig. 11 B). Female. Unknown. Measurements, males (mm) (N=6). Total length of body 18.2–21.1; Median length of pronotum 5.4–6.7; Length of hind femur 33.4–34.1; Length of elytra 35.8–39.7. Diagnosis. Horatosphaga scalata n. sp. belongs to a group of species with an unmodified tenth abdominal tergite and is thus distinguished from species with an enlarged or otherwise modified 10 th abdominal tergite such as H. parensis Hemp, 2002, H. elgonensis (Chopard, 1838), H. ruspolii (Schulthess, 1898), H. diminuta (Chopard, 1954), H. vicina (Chopard, 1954), H. inclusa (Karsch, 1893), H. crosskeyi Ragge, 1960 and H. laticerca n. sp. In habitus and venation similar species are H. leggei (Kirby, 1909), H. serrifera Schaum, 1853 and H. magna Ragge, 1960. These species also have an enlarged medial area with crossveins symmetrical arranged and arched towards the tegminas’ tips, especially in H. leggei while in H. magna and H. serrifera these crossveins are only slightly or not arched. H. leggei and H. magna, however, have differently shaped posterior margins of the subgenital plates. In H. leggei the posterior margin of the subgenital plate is deeply u-shaped incised, while in H. magna lateral processes are developed (similar to H. scalata n. sp.) but the area between these processes is wavy with a shallow median incision, while in H. scalata n. sp. the margin is straight. H. magna is also much larger in body size and length and broadness of the tegmina than H. scalata n. sp. and is only known from northern Kenya and Ethiopia at present. Also H. serrifera is a species with broad tegmina and a medial area expanded with regularly set crossveins. But as in H. magna these veins are not strongly arched towards the tegmens tip but almost straight. The subgenital plate of H. serrifera is slightly incurved and does not form processes at its edges. Song. Only few series of echemes were heard from H. scalata n. sp. in the afternoon and evening. Within one series, the echemes (inter-echeme-intervals around 10 s) increased in duration and amplitude (last echeme of a series shown in Fig. 18). In the crescending first third of the echeme, the short syllables were produced at a rate of about 12 Hz. During the second and the final third the syllable rate was much lower (ca. 5–6 Hz at 21ºC) and the amplitude remained constant (Fig. 19). The echemes are thus much shorter und simpler than they are typically in the song of H. leggei (compare both species in Fig. 19; see also Heller et al. 2014). The peak of the carrier frequency was between 15 und 20 kHz (Fig. 20). Habitat. Grasslands and clearings in Miombo woodlands. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Latin: - scala, ladder, since the veins in the medial area of the tegmina are ladder-like arranged., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 161-163, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218, {"references":["Heller, K. - G., Hemp, C., Liu, C. X. & Volleth, M. (2014) Taxonomic, bioacoustic and faunistic data on a collection of Tettigonioidea from Eastern Congo (Insecta: Orthoptera). Zootaxa, 3785 (3), 343 - 376. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3785.3.2"]}

Peronura wottae n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 12 –14,18–20) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Mpwapwa Plateau, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, in the herb layer along forest edge and on clearings, 1840 m, March 2017. Paratypes 5 males, 6 females, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. Color dark green, dorsal part of pronotum with brown fascia. Behind eyes lateral yellow lines start running along lower margins of pronotal lobes (Fig. 12 A, C). Head and antennae. Antennae thick, more than three times the length of body. Cuticle of head smooth, fastigium of vertex a narrow sulcate ridge. Eyes small, almost round. Thorax. Pronotum without lateral carinae; surface a mix of small wrinkles and shallow warts. Tegmina and wings. Tegmina surpassing body, comparatively narrow with evenly curved apices. Conspicuous white line where tegmina meet when folded (Fig. 12 B). With reduced venation as typical for genus. Stridulatory file on underside of left tegmen with two parts: inner part with widely spaced teeth separated by gap. Outer part with few large teeth (Fig. 13 D). Alae reduced, hidden under tegmina, about 2,5 mm long. Legs. Tympanic auricles of fore tibiae conchate, not inflated. As typical for the genus, all femora with shining black wart-like spines; fore and mid femora with double row of 4–5 irregular set spines, hind femora with double row of 5–6 spines. Tibiae quadrangular in diameter, with four rows of small black spines of normal shape getting denser to the apex, especially on the hind tibiae. Abdomen. 10 th abdominal tergite enlarged and produced posteriorly, flap-like with sulcus in middle. In preserved specimens flap misshapen (Fig. 13 B), the sulcus only visible in living specimen (Fig. 13 A). Subgenital plate as in Fig. 13 B and C, elongated and up-curved forming two shallow lobes at posterior margin. Female. Similar to male, more plump, sexual dimorphism small. Ovipositor as in Fig. 14 A. Subgenital plate with broad base, tri-angular, at posterior margin roundly incurved (Fig. 14 B). Measurements, males (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 19.4–24.1; Median length of pronotum 5.3–5.9; Length of hind femur 23.4–24.6; Length of elytra 18.0–19.9. Measurements, females (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 22.4–25.9; Median length of pronotum 5.7–6.0; Length of hind femur 22.7–23.9; Length of elytra 22.1–23.5. Length of ovipositor 11.8–13.0 Diagnosis. The genus Peronura currently contains 4 species all similar in habitus except for P. clavigera Karsch, 1889 which has lobe-like reduced tegmina while all other Peronura species including P. wottae n. sp. have tegmina at least reaching the tip of the abdomen in males while females usually have shorter tegmina not reaching the tip of the abdomen. Males of P. wottae n. sp. may easily be distinguished by their modified 10 th tergite being enlarged and posteriorly produced while all other Peronura species have unmodified 10 th tergites with an evenly incurved posterior margin. Females of Peronura morphologically resemble some Horatosphaga females but may be distinguished by the pitch-black shining wart-like spines on the ventral side of the femora. One generic character for Peronura are tubercles at the base of the ovipositor in females. However, these tubercles are only well-expressed in P. clavigera while their are very small to obsolete in the other species including P. wottae n. sp. and do not serve as good distinguishing character from females of other similar genera. The subgenital plates of species of Peronura females are broad with a conspicuous median ridge and more or less wide lateral “wings” while in P. wottae n. sp. females have a broad-based subgenital plate without a median ridge, at its posterior margin in-curved and can thus well distinguished from other female Peronura species. However, except for P. clavigera being a wide-spread species in East Africa (but at present not recorded for Central Tanzania), all other species are restricted to respective mountainous areas— P. hildebrandtiana Karsch, 1889 to the Taita Hills in southern Kenya, P. uguenoensis Hemp, 2002 to the North and South Pare Mountains in northern Tanzania and P. usambarica Hemp, 2018 to the East Usambara Mountains near the Tanzanian Coast while P. wottae n. sp. very likely is restricted to the Mpwapwa District of Tanzania. Song. Peronura wottae n. sp. males produced echemes with durations of about 10–13 seconds (40–50 syllables; 3 specimens recorded). During the first half of an echeme the amplitude increased, at first slowly, than faster, and remained more or less constant in the second half (Fig. 18). The syllable repetition rate varied a little bit within an echeme around a mean of 4.2 Hz (4.0–4.5 Hz; n=11; Fig 19). The echemes have about the same length as in Peronura clavigera (Hemp, in prep.) but are longer than in Peronura usambarica (Hemp et al. 2018) and the syllables are produced at a lower rate than in these two species. The spectrum showed a peak between 10 and 15 kHz (Fig. 20). Habitat. In herb vegetation along forest edges and on clearings in montane forest. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Conservation status. Species restricted on the Mpwapwa plateau (Wotta and Lugunga Forest Reserves) are very likely Endangered or Critically Endangered since these forest reserves are heavily influenced by illegal cutting and especially lifestock grazing degrading and reducing forest cover constantly. P. wottae n. sp. must therefore regarded as Critically Endangered since only known from Wotta Forest Reserve at present. Etymology. Named after Wotta Forest Reserve where this new Peronura species was collected., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 165-167, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218, {"references":["Hemp, C., Heller, K. - G., Warchalowska-Sliwa, E., Grzywacz, B. & Hemp, A. (2018) New genera and new species of Acrometopini (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea Phaneropterinae) from East Africa and a review of all known stridulatory organs, songs and karyotypes of the tribe. Insect Systematics & Evolution, 49, 241 - 298. https: // doi. org / 10.1163 / 1876312 X- 00002170"]}

Kefalia omorfa n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 24, 25 B, 26 C, D, 27 B, 28 E, F, 31, 32, 34) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Bahi District, Dodoma Region, East Chenene Forest Reserve, Miombo woodlands 1500 m, March 2018. Paratypes. 3 males, 4 females, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Further paratype: 1 female, Tanzania, 44 mls N of Dodoma; 16.5.1969, dry Acacia woodland; coll. N. Jago (BM 1971-25). Description. Male. General habitus and colour pattern. Typical phaneropterinae with long legs and narrow wings. Contrasting pattern of black and green tegmina, and a body with broad creamy to white fascia bordered above by green and below by black fasciae. Venter of abdomen reddish (Fig. 24 A). Head and antennae. Fastigium of vertex as for genus, compressed, narrower than first antennal segment, sulcate above. Eyes oval, prominent. Antennae very long and thin, about three times the length of body; of brown-reddish colour. Tegmina. Stridulatory file as in Fig. 25 B; numerous densely set teeth situated on bulge; teeth gradually decreasing in size, at outer side strongly but evenly curved up-wards. Legs and abdomen. Fore and mid femora with few very small spinules. 10 th abdominal tergite with incurved posterior margin. Cerci till about midway round in diameter, then laterally flattened and incurved, ending in acute and sclerotized tip (Fig. 26 C, D). Subgenital plate with median v-shaped indentation, lateral lobes formed wavy (Fig. 27 B). Female. Of predominantly green colour (Fig. 24 B, C) but also tawny individuals were found (Fig. 24 D), most individuals with dorsal median dark fascia on abdomen. The tegmina are almost entirely black with a lighter dark area centrally. Ovipositor as in Fig. 24 C–D. Subgenital plate broadly tri-angular (Fig. 28 E). Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite incurved; cerci round and thick at base then strongly narrowing along length (Fig. 28 F). Measurements, males (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 15.7–17.1; Median length of pronotum 3.1–3.3; Length of hind femur 16.0–17.2; Length of elytra 17.4–18.7. Measurements, females (mm) (N=4). Total length of body 16.2–17.4; Median length of pronotum 3.3–3.8; Length of hind femur 18.6–19.6; Length of elytra 2.1–3.4; Length of ovipositor 7.0–7.4. Song. The typical calling song of the male consisted of long sequences (51±20 s: range 28–92; n=11) of short syllables which increased more or less continuously in amplitude (Fig. 31). In syllable repetition rate, regularly slight differences were observed. The sequence started with periods of 46.6±6.8 ms (SRR 21.5 Hz), became faster in the middle part (36.4±3.2 ms; SRR 27.5 Hz) and slowed down at the end (41.1±3.2 ms; SRR 24.3 Hz; all T=21– 23ºC). At the beginning the syllables seemed to contain only one (or few) impulse(s), where near the end (one or) two loud impulses were followed by an irregular series of soft ones (Fig. 32). The last element of a sequence was invariably separated from the previous by a large interval. Here the two loud impulses were followed by a relatively long series of softer impulses (Fig. 32) and often with some delay by some isolated impulses. Occasionally the males produced long series of irregular sounds (rivalry song?). The spectrum of the song is broad-banded with peaks at about 15 and 40 kHz (Fig. 34). Habitat. Miombo woodlands, on foliage of bushes and trees. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Greek: -óμορφος (ómorfos), beautiful, since the males are very colourful and elegant in their appearance.

Kefalia laeta n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 25 A, 26 A, 27 A, 28 C, D, 29, 31, 32, 34) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, Mingali Forest Reserve, Kondoa District, Dodoma Region, montane Miombo woodlands, 1800 m, February 2019. Paratypes: 1 male, 5 females, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General habitus and colour pattern. Typical phaneropterinae with long legs and narrow wings. Pattern of black and green tegmina. Lateral sides of abdomen with creamy broad fascia bordered above by dorsal green band, below by green-brown band, venter of abdomen reddish (Fig. 30 A). Pronotum dorsal green, lateral with conspicuous yellow fascia. Head and antennae. Fastigium of vertex as for genus, compressed, narrower than first antennal segment, sulcate above. Eyes oval, prominent.Antennae very long and thin, about three times the length of body; of brown-reddish colour. Tegmina. Stridulatory file situated on bulge; teeth densely set, decreasing in size, strongly but evenly curved up-wards at outer side (Fig. 25 A). Legs and abdomen. Fore and mid femora unarmed or with 1–2 very small spinules. Tenth abdominal tergite with only slightly incurved posterior margin. Cerci round in diameter, narrowing at posterior part, slightly compressed and tips sclerotized and incurved (Fig. 26 A). Subgenital plate with median v-shaped indentation (Fig. 27 A). Female. Predominantly green or mottled (Fig. 30 B–D). Elytra with dark margins, also tips dark. Ovipositor as in Fig. 28 C, D. Subgenital plate narrow tri-angular (Fig. 28 C). Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite depressed in middle; cerci round and thick, tips narrow (Fig. 28 D). Measurements, males (mm) (N=1). Total length of body 12.2; Median length of pronotum 3.0; Length of hind femur 14.5; Length of elytra 14.0. Measurements, females (mm) (N=5). Total length of body 16.5–19.2; Median length of pronotum 3.1–3.6; Length of hind femur 16.4–17.5; Length of elytra 2.4–4.1; Length of ovipositor 6.4–7.2. Song. The typical male calling song is quite similar to the of K. omorpha (see above). It consisted of long sequences (26±4 s: range 20–32; n=10) of short syllables which increased more or less continuously in amplitude (Fig. 31). In syllable repetition rate, regularly slight differences were observed within one sequence. The sequence started with periods of 49.7±4.3 ms (SRR 20.1 Hz), became faster in the middle part (35.2±1.5 ms; SRR 28.4 Hz) and slowed down at the end (47.5±2.9 ms; SRR 21.1 Hz; all T=25ºC). The last element of a sequence was invariably separated from the previous by a large interval and had the same structure as in the other Kefalia species (Fig. 32). Typically after the end of the sequence four to six isolated sound elements could be observed similar in structure to syllables within the sequence (Fig. 31). The spectrum of the song is broad-banded with a peak at about 15 kHz (Fig. 34; no high frequency recordings available). Biology. Mating took only a few minutes, no visible spermatophore was transferred (Fig. 30 B). Habitat. Montane Miombo woodlands, on foliage of bushes and trees. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology: From Latin:— laetus, multicoloured, since this species has a contrasting pattern of dark, green, yellow, white and red colours. Diagnosis. The here described Kefalia species, K. grafika n. sp., K. laeta n. sp. and K. omorfa n. sp., are morphologically quite similar. Differences are seen in the general colour pattern of the males which seems to be a stable character while in females a certain variation from green to tawny or speckled specimens was found. K. omorfa n. sp. is the largest species so far, with the longest and most narrow tegmina of the three species while the other two species have a more stout appearance with more reduced tegmina and wings. Slight differences are seen in the morphology of the male cerci. In K. omorfa n. sp. the cerci are stout and round in diameter till around mid of their length and then compressed, the sclerotized tips incurved. K. laeta n. sp. has male cerci that are almost round throughout their length, narrowing at the tips while K. grafika n. sp. is intermediary in these characters, the cerci being round till about midway, then compressed—but not as strongly as in K. omorfa —with slightly twisted tips. While K. laeta n. sp. and K. omorfa n. sp. have similar stridulatory files, K. grafika n. sp. shows a clear different morphology. In the latter species the distal part is abruptly curved up-wards, forming almost a 90° corner, while in the other two species the stridulatory file is evenly curved at its outer parts (compare Fig. 25 A–C). There are also slight differences in the morphology of the subgenital plates of these three species. K. laeta n. sp. has a median v-shaped incision at the posterior end, the lobes thus formed being evenly rounded (Fig. 27 A). In the other two species, K. omorfa n. sp. and K. grafika n. sp., a median v-shaped incision is present as well, but the lateral lobes formed are uneven or wavy at their posterior margins (Fig. 27 B, C). Females of these three species are similar in their habitus. The elytra of all three species are of light to dark brown colour with margins and tips darker or completely black. In K. omorfa n. sp. the elytra are almost entirely black, in K. grafika n. sp. the margins and tips only while in K. laeta n. sp. the margins and tips are more of a dark brown colour but not as black as in the other two species. Differences are seen also in the subgenital plates of the three species. K. grafika n. sp. has a small, tri-angular shaped subgenital plate (Fig. 28 A), while in K. laeta n. sp. the subgenital plate is tongue-like shaped (Fig. 28 C) and K. omorfa n. sp. has a tri-angular subgenital plate with a very broad base (Fig. 28 E). However, females of all three species are similar and best identified with associate males and their locality. Remarks. Further Kefalia species are known from Bereku Forest Reserve near the district town Babati (4 females) and from Mt Hanang (1 male). Morphological differences suggest species status, both of the females compared to females of the three here described Kefalia species and of the male compared to the males. However, it is not clear whether the single male from Mt Hanang and the females from Bereku Forest Reserve are conspecific or not. More individuals are needed to clarify species status.

Melidia adfinia n. sp. Hemp C. (Fig. 35 A, 36 D, 37 A, 39 G, H) Holotype. Male. Miombo woodlands on hill near Gulwe, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, in herb vegetation along forest edge, 1000 m, March 2018. Paratypes. 2 males, 4 females, same data as holotype. 1 male, Changalawe Hill, Miombo woodlands, nr road A104, in herb vegetation, March 2015. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General colour as for genus, predominantly green with dark brown marking around stridulatory area. Antennae and head. Fastigium typical for genus. Antenna little longer than body length, thin and whitish. Eyes oval, prominent. Pronotum and thorax. Pronotum without lateral carinae, surface smooth and matt. Posterior margin slightly incurved, posterior margin also incurved with lateral edges elevated. Stridulatory file divided into two parts; part at inner side of tegmen with few broad large teeth, parted from proximal part by gap. Remaining stridulatory file with numerous fine teeth decreasing gradually in size, about 2.2 mm long and slightly curved along length (Fig. 36 D). On right tegmen comparatively large and almost round mirror (Fig. 30 A). Abdomen and legs. Fore coxae with small and straight spine. Fore and mid femora with 1–2 ventral spinules near joint of tibiae. Hind femora with 1–4 ventral spinules near apex. Fore and mid tibiae with pair of spurs and few small spinules along length. Hind tibiae almost tri-angular in diameter, with 3–4 rows of of spinules along length; apices with each three tiny spurs at each side. Veins Sc and R separate from base, running almost in parallel and diverging only at their very ends. Male tenth abdominal tergite broad, produced posteriorly and down-curved (Fig. 38 G). Cerci elongated, round till about midway, then abruptly inwardly curved, forming a three-ridged laterally compressed structure (Fig. 38 G). Male subgenital plate elongated, posterior half to third deeply divided and forming two lobes (Fig. 38 H), without styli. Female. Similar to male but stouter. Most female specimens with number of small tiny black dots on tegmina (Fig. 35 A). On each tegmen brown marking at base and one small brown patch at inner margin at about half length of tegmen. The brown patch midway on the tegmina is lacking in males. Subgenital plate laterally elongated sheathing the ovipositor (Fig. 39 A). Ovipositor comparatively short, strongly up-curved, with fine teeth. Measurements, males (mm) (N=3). Total length of body 16.4–17.2; Median length of pronotum 2.8–3.0; Length of hind femur 14.0–16.1; Length of elytra 20.7–22.3. Measurements, females (mm) (N=5). Total length of body 15.6–16.8; Median length of pronotum 3.5–3.7; Length of hind femur 16.1–18.3; Length of elytra 22.4–25.6; Length of ovipositor 7.0–7.2. Diagnosis. From their outer appearance Melidia species are quite similar. Differences are found in the length of the subgenital plate and how deeply it is lobed (compare Figs. 38 B, D, F and H), in the length and shape of the male cerci (compare Fig. 38. A, C, E and G) and the l0 th abdominal tergite. The male of M. kenyensis is not known. The 10 th abdominal tergites in M. claudiae, M. brunneri and M. laminata are almost square with a more or less straight posterior margin that is slightly down-curved. In M. adfinia n. sp. the posterior margin is more produced and more strongly down-curved than in the other species. The cerci of M. adfinia n. sp. are abruptly inwardly curved forming a three-ridged lance, the cerci of the other species are continuous and not differentiated into two morphologically differently shaped parts. M. adfinia n. sp. also has a completely different stridulatory file not found in any other Melidia species. While in M. laminata the stridulatory file consists of few, large and widely spaced teeth (Fig. 36 A, B; note the differences of the specimen from Wajir, Kenya, the area from which the species was described, and the specimen coming from around Kilimanjaro), in M. brunneri from Mahonaland, Salisbury, southern Africa (Fig. 36 C) the inner part of the file consists of small teeth while the other half of the file consists of large, widely set teeth. In M. adfinia n. sp. the inner part of the stridulatory file consists of few large and widely set teeth while the other part has tiny, very densely set teeth, both parts are separated by a gap (Fig. 36 D). Females of all known species have differently shaped subgenital plates (Fig. 39 and 40). M. adfinia n. sp. is the only species with a deeply divided subgenital plate, sheathing the ovipositor (Fig. 39 A). The subgenital plate of M. kenyensis has a cushion-like appearance (Fig. 39 B) while in M. brunneri two broad, leaf-like lobes are formed. There are slight morphological differences between female specimens of M. laminata coming from central and north-east Kenya (lacking lateral flanges, arrow in Fig. 39 C) while the subgenital plate of specimens from northern Tanzania are broad with two lateral well developed flanges (arrow in Fig. 39 D). Acoustical and molecular studies have to be conducted to clarify the status of M. laminata populations from Kenya and Tanzania. Habitat. Herbaceous vegetation along the edges and on clearings of Miombo woodlands. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Latin— adfinia; related, since this new species resembles M. laminata from its general appearance., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 182-184, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218

Sentia communa n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 41–43) Holotype. Male. Tanzania, near village Gulwe, Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, small hill covered by Miombo woodlands, in herbaceous vegetation and bushes along forest edge, 1000 m, March 2017. Paratypes 3 males, Changalawe Hill (UTM 37 M 0173513 9236795), Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region, Miombo woodlands on small hill; in herbaceous vegetation along forest edge, March 2015. 1 female, 12 males, same data as holotype. Depository: Collection C. Hemp. Description. General colouration. Predominantly green with brown markings around stridulatory area and along margins of tegmina (Fig. 41). Antennae. Antenna thin, green, about as long as body. Legs. Fore and mid femora with 3–4 tiny outer spines, unarmed on inner side or with one tiny spine near joints with tibiae. Hind femora with few pairs of tiny spinules near joints with tibiae. Fore tibiae without spurs, mid tibiae with one ventral pair of small spurs, dorsally unarmed. Hind tibiae with a pair of dorsal and a double pair of ventral spurs. Stridulatory file with numerous densely set teeth, slightly curved (Fig. 42 F). Area of stridulatory area on left tegmen marked brown, also area around mirror brown (Fig. 41 E). Processes of 10 th tergite laterally compressed and slightly twisted; a ridge of dark and sclerotized teeth is present along the upper side of these processes (Fig. 42 A–C). Cerci long and evenly curved with a tiny club-shaped tip (Fig. 42 B). Male subgenital plate elongated and narrowing along its length; apex broadening with u-shaped small gap at apex (Fig. 42 D). Female. Subgenital plate as in Fig. 36 B, tri-angular middle part with v-shaped median gap at tip and lateral flanges. At base of ovipositor on each side two bowl-like structures (Fig. 43 A, B). Measurements, males (mm) (N=5). Total length of body (including subgenital plate) 18.8– 21.6; Median length of pronotum 3.8–4.1; Length of hind femur 16.4–17.8; Length of elytra 24.4–26.8. Measurements, females (mm) (N=1). Total length of body 22.1; Median length of pronotum 4.5; Length of hind femur 20.2; Length of elytra 28.9; Length of ovipositor 13.2. Habitat. In herbaceous vegetation and on bushes and small trees along Miombo woodland edges. Distribution. Central Tanzania, Dodoma Region. Etymology. From Latin— communa, common, since this species is very likely widely distributed in suitable habitats in Central Tanzania.

Sentia n. gen. Hemp C. Type species. L. communa n. sp. Description. Head. Fastigium narrower than first antennal segment, elongated conical and sulcate above, leaving large gap to fastigium of the face. Margins around scapi elevated, bowl-like. Eyes slightly oval, prominent. Thorax. Surface matt, slightly uneven, without lateral or median carinae. Fore coxae without spine. Fore tibiae with oval and open tympana. Fore and mid femora with small outer and inner spinules. Hind femora with few pairs of tiny spinules near joints with tibiae. Fore tibiae without spurs, mid tibiae with one ventral pair of small spurs, dorsally unarmed. Hind tibiae with a pair of dorsal and a double pair of ventral spurs. Wings. Wings fully developed, hind wings protruding some mm beyond fore wings (Fig. 41). Veins Sc and R separated at base, connected by several crossveins, then contiguous over most of their length except at their very distal end. Genitalia. 10 th abdominal tergite forming pair of strong fork-like processes (Fig. 42 A–C); Male subgenital plate without styles, elongated (Fig. 42 D). Female. General habitus as male with same spination. Ovipositor long and stout and slightly up-curved. Diagnosis. Sentia n. gen. resembles from its habitus the genera Melidia and Eulioptera, though being generally larger than species of these two genera. With Melidia it shares a similar fastigium of the vertex being markedly concave since the margins of the scapi form a bowl-like structure around the scapi. Eurycorypha, Monteiroa, Oxygonatium, Corycomima and Plangia have contiguous R and Sc veins and are thus separated from Sentia n. gen. Also the fastigium verticis is much broader than the scapus while Sentia n. gen. has a narrow fastigium verticis being narrower than the width of the scapus. Also Symmetropleura, Trigonocorypha, Gelatopoia, Terpnistrioides, Tropidophrys, Terpnistria and Diogena have almost contiguous R and Sc veins and a totally different shape of the fore wings and generally the overall body shape and may thus easily be distinguished from Sentia n. gen. Most conspicuous character not found in any African Phaneropterinae genus so far is the 10 th abdominal tergite forming two strong fork-like and serrated processes. Females may be distinguished by its strong and long ovipositor. A similar ovipositor is present in Poecilogramma Karsch, 1887 which has a completely different colour pattern of contrasting green, black and yellow stripes and patches and a general different habitus. A similar ovipositor is also found in Materuana Hemp, 2017 which is however, much larger in body size and also has a different shaped pronotum and general habitus. Etymology. From Latin: - sentus, rough, because of the fork-like and serrated processes of the 10 th tergite in males., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Orthoptera (Tettigoniidae and Acridoidea) from Miombo woodlands of Central Tanzania with the description of new taxa, pp. 151-194 in Zootaxa 4671 (2) on pages 184-186, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3442218

Afroanthracites lineatus n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 10–11) Holotype: male. Tanzania, East Usambara Mountains, Lutindi Forest Reserve, submontane forest, February 2017. Paratype female, same data as holotype. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General colour predominantly green and brown. On dorsum of pronotum in area of metazona large brown patch bordered green. Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis conical, slightly shorter than scapus. Head and area around scapi green, face brown. Thorax. Pronotum in area of pro- and metazona strongly rugose. Metazona slightly inflated; disc of metazona with numerous impressed dots. Tegmina hidden for most of their length under pronotum only straight hind margins of tegmina visible. Antennae long, more than twice the length of body, scapus and first antennomere green, remaining flagellum tawny. Legs predominantly green. Fore coxa with almost straight spine. Fore femora with three, mid femora with two and hind femora with 5 outer ventral spines. Inner margins of all femora unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae with double row of 4 inner and 5 outer ventral spines. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of densely set spines getting denser distally. One spur on each side dorsally and two pairs of spurs ventrally. Abdomen. Abdomen green. Tenth abdominal tergite with median black stripe; elongated, at tip fork-like divided, at lower margin two rounded blunt processes (Fig. 10 A, B, C). Subgenital plate elongated, posteriorly upcurved and v-shaped incised medially, with short styli (Fig. 10 C). Female. Similar to male in size but with more mottled colour pattern. Face as male. Brown patch on metanotum of pronotum not as large and conspicuous as in male and darker. Ovipositor slightly up-curved. Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite forming two small lobes (Fig. 11 B). Subgenital plate broad with v-shaped incised median gap with two short tips, rounded laterally (Fig. 11 A). Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 26.5. Length of pronotum 7.7. Length of hind femur 12.5. Measurements, female (mm) (N = 1). Body length 22. Length of pronotum 6.7. Length of hind femur 14.2. Ovipositor 11.5. Diagnosis. An elongated strongly to its apex narrowing 10 th abdominal tergite is only also found in A. jagoi Ünal & Hemp, 2013 from the West Usambara Mountains. However, the tip of A. jagoi is more strongly incised at its tip (Fig. 12 A) compared to A. lineatus n. sp. A. jagoi is of smaller body size and has a different overall colour pattern than A. lineatus n. sp. Very easy character to identify males of A. lineatus n. sp. beside its much elongated 10 th abdominal tergite is the black stripe medially on this structure. Females of A. jagoi and A. lineatus n. sp. are very similar but as in males, A. jagoi females are of smaller body size and the ovipositor is shorter. Also the 10 th abdominal tergite is different: medially the projection is almost blunt with only a tiny median incision in A. jagoi (Fig. 12 B) while it is well incised and thus forming two lobes in A. lineatus n. sp. (Fig. 11 B). Distribution. Only known from Lutindi Forest Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains. Etymology. Named after the black stripe on the 10 th abdominal tergite of the male. From Latin— linea = stripe.

Afroanthracites inopinatus n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 7, 8 A, 9 A, B, 39, 42, Table 1) Holotype: male. Tanzania, South Pare Mountains, Mt Mwala, 1600���1700 m, montane forest, December 2017. Paratype female, same data as holotype but March 2019. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Further paratype material: 4 males, 5 females, 2 male nymphs, 1 female nymph, same data as holotype and December 2017 and November 2018. 1 male, South Pare Mountains, Kwizu Forest Reserve, montane forest, June 2018. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General colour predominantly whitish to light brown and green (Fig. 7 A). On dorsum of pronotum in area of metazona brown patch bordered by cream-white fasciae. Head brown, face green, area around scapi black. Abdomen dirty white to light brown. Legs green with herringbone pattern on outer side. Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis conical, shorter as scapus. Labrum and mandibles orange. Antennae thick, long, more than twice the length of body, scapus blackish, second antennomere also black, remaining antennomeres of reddish colour. Thorax. Pronotum rugose, rounded, posterior area (in metazona) slightly inflated. Tegmina hidden for most of their length under pronotum only straight hind margins of tegmina visible. Width of the mirror (see Hemp et al. 2015) in the left tegmen 1.64 mm, its length 1.15 mm. Fore coxa with short and curved spine. Fore and mid femora with 2���3 outer stout ventral spines, unarmed on inner side. Hind femur with 4 stout ventral spines distally on outer side, inner side unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae with ventral double row of 4���5 spines and a pair of ventral spurs similar to other spines on tibiae. Hind tibiae with four rows of spines, distally more densely set; dorsally 1 pair of spurs, ventrally 2 pairs. Abdomen. Tenth abdominal tergite elongated, forming at posterior end two broad and rounded lobes. Anterior part of 10 th abdominal tergite blackish, posterior part green (Fig. 8 A). Subgenital plate elongated, processes posteriorly up-curved and v-shaped incised medially, with finger-like styli as typical for Afroanthracites. Cerci laterally compressed with a blunt edge midway and two short processes at its tip (Fig. 8 A). Female. Similar to male but larger (Fig. 7 B). Face as male. Brown patch on metanotum of pronotum not as large as in male and rather inconspicuous. Venter of abdomen whitish. Ovipositor stout, of reddish colour, slightly up-curved (Fig. 7 B). Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite medially deeply incised and thus forming two lobes (Fig. 9 A). Subgenital plate medially deeply u-shaped incised (Fig. 9 B). Nymphs. As in A. montium from the Mt Kilimanjaro area and A. usambaricus from the West Usambara Mountains. Nymphs of A. inopinatus n. sp. have two black to light grey (sometimes obsolete) stripes on the face. Measurements, male (mm) (N = 4). Body length 19.4���21.4. Length of pronotum 7.4���7.6. Length of hind femur 10.3���10.5. Measurements, female (mm) (N = 4). Body length 17.5���24.4. Length of pronotum 5.5���6.0. Length of hind femur 11.0���11.8. Ovipositor 8.5���9.6. Song. All recorded males (from Mt Mwala and Kwizu Forest Reserve) produced fast sequences of disyllabic echemes (occasionally also consisting of one or three syllables). See Fig. 39, 42 and Table 1 for details. Diagnosis. Morphologically closely related to A. montium from the Mts Meru and Kilimanjaro area and A. usambaricus restricted to the West Usambara Mountains. All three species share a similar colour pattern with a brown patch on the metazona of the pronotum bordered by white to cream fasciae and have also quite similar songs (see Hemp et al. 2015). The abdomen may be uniformly bright green to whitish-light brown or green with some dark mottles in A. usambaricus. Males of all three species have an elongated 10 th abdominal tergite, broad and dark coloured at its anterior part, then narrowing with a black fascia along its lateral edges, medially of green colour and at their tips divided into two lobes (Fig. 8 A���C). Also the cerci are similar consisting of a curved stout main branch ending in two short processes (Fig. 8 A���C). Differences are found in the stoutness of the 10 th abdominal tergites (compare 8 A���C) and slight differences in the shape of the male cerci (compare Fig. 8 A���C). All three species are restricted to forests of the respective areas. Females are morphologically also very similar with a similar colour pattern as the males but with the pronotal brown patch not as large and conspicuous. Clear differences are found when comparing the subgenital plates of the females. A. inopinatus n. sp. has a deeply u-shaped incised subgenital plate while in A. usambaricus only a small u-shaped incision is typical. In A. montium the subgenital plate is v-shaped incised medially (compare Fig. 9 B, D, F). Only in nymphs of these three species parallel dark fasciae are present on the face also supporting a close relationship. Distribution. Restricted to submontane and montane forests of the South Pare Mountains. Etymology. From Latin:��� inopinatus, unexpected since it was a surprise to find yet another Afroanthracites species in the Eastern Arc Mountains morphologically related to A. montium and A. usambaricus., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini), pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 4664 (3) on page 306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3385423

Afroanthracites pommeri n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 21���23, 39, 42, Table 1) Holotype male. Kenya, Taita Hills, Ngangao Forest Reserve, 1600 m, February 2018. Paratype female, same data as holotype. Depository collection C. Hemp. Further paratype material: 1 male, 2 females, 1 male nymph, same data as holotype. Description. Male. General colour predominantly green on abdomen and legs, mottled white and brown on head and pronotum (Fig. 21 A). On dorsum of pronotum in area of metazona large brown patch bordered by creamwhite fasciae (Fig. 21 B). Head predominantly brown. Abdomen green with median row of light brown to creamy patches bordered by thin dark brown lines (Fig. 21 D). Venter of abdomen vivid orange to orange-red. Laterally beside these creamy patches segments green. Legs green with herringbone pattern on outer side. Near joints with tibiae black rings, joints white (Fig. 21 A). Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis conical, as long as scapus. Face with median tri-angle shaped deep black fascia. Area beside black tri-angle shaped fascia diffuse white, remaining face and genae brownish (Fig. 22 B). Labrum whitish and mandibles orange. Antennae thick, long, more than twice the length of body (6 cm, n = 1), scapus green with black patches, second antennomere also green with black mottles, remaining antennomeres of reddish colour. Thorax. Pronotum rugose, rounded, posterior area (in metazona) slightly inflated. Tegmina hidden for most of their length under pronotum only straight hind margins of tegmina visible. Fore coxa with short, rather stout spine. Fore and mid femora with 3 outer stout ventral spines, unarmed on inner sides. Hind femur with 3 stout ventral spines distally on outer side, inner side unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae with ventral double row of 4���5 spines and a pair of ventral spurs similar to other spines on tibiae. Hind tibiae with four rows of spines, distally more densely set; dorsally 1 pair of spurs, ventrally 2 pairs. Abdomen. Tenth abdominal tergite forming at posterior margin two square lobes, these lobes of whitish colour and densely hairy. Posterior part of 10 th abdominal tergite black (Fig. 21 D, 22 A). Subgenital plate elongated, processes posteriorly up-curved and v-shaped incised medially, with finger-like styli (Fig. 22 C). Cerci laterally compressed with three branches, similar to A. discolor but branches more stout (Fig. 22 A). Female. Similar to male but larger (Fig. 21 C). Face as male. Brown patch on metanotum of pronotum not as large and conspicuous as in male. Venter of abdomen bright orange in living animal. Ovipositor stout, of reddish colour, slightly up-curved (Fig. 21 C). Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite undivided, only with median line, edges slightly up-lifted (Fig. 23 A). Subgenital plate broad, medially shallowly u-shaped incised (Fig. 22 D, 23 B). Measurements, male (mm) (N = 2). Body length 23.0���24.7. Length of pronotum 7.6���8.0. Length of hind femur 10.2���10.8. Measurements, female (mm) (N = 3). Body length 21.5���23.7. Length of pronotum 6.0���6.6. Length of hind femur 11.6���11.7. Ovipositor 11.0���11.4. Song. The recorded male produced echemes with about four syllables at intervals of less than one second. See Fig. 39, 42 and Table 1 for details. Diagnosis. A. pommeri n. sp. morphologically belongs to the lineage found in the Pare and West Usambara Mountains (A. guttatus n. sp., A. maculatus n. sp., A. discolor, A. pseudodiscolor, A. magamba n. sp.). These species share a conspicuous colour pattern, especially in males, with patches of white, black, brown and green dorsal on the abdomen. The 10 th abdominal tergites are broad and divided into two lobes, often black at the anterior part and white to creamy at its posterior part. The male cerci are laterally compressed and consist of three branches. A. pommeri n. sp. is restricted to the Taita Hills of Kenya. It has the laterally most compressed and spread male cerci and a very contrasting colour pattern. From its colour pattern very similar to A. magamba n. sp. from Magamba Forest Reserve in the West Usambara Mountains. Both species are very colourful with a bright orange venter of the abdomen and the black fascia in the face is contrastingly bordered by white fasciae laterally (compare Figs. 18 D and 22 B). Females of A. pommeri n. sp. and A. magamba n. sp. may be distinguished when comparing the 10 th abdominal tergites and the subgenital plates. In A. magamba n. sp. the 10 th abdominal tergite is forming two acute lobes (Fig. 20 A) while it is undivided in A. pommeri n. sp. (Fig. 23 A). The subgenital plate is broadly u-shaped incised in A. magamba n. sp. (Fig. 20 B) while is is not as large incised in A. pommeri n. sp. (Fig. 23 B). Habitat. In understorey vegetation of closed montane forest. Recorded at 1600 m in the Ngangao Forest Reserve. Distribution. Only known from Ngangao Forest Reserve in the Taita Hills of Kenya. Etymology. Our colleague Ulf Pommer caught the first two males of this new species therefore named after him., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini), pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 4664 (3) on pages 315-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3385423

Afroagraecia jozani n. sp. Hemp C. (Figs. 30, 31, 32 A, C, E; 34 B) Holotype: m ale. Tanzania, Jozani Forest Reserve, Zanzibar, lowland forest, June 2017. Paratype female, same data as holotype. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General habitus and coloration. Uniformly to creamy brown, with dark conspicuous black median fascia from head over disc of pronotum; face with black triangle as typical for most other species of Afroagraecia (Fig. 31 B, female); tegmina with numerous dark dots and small patches (as in female see Fig. 30). Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis black, laterally compressed, shorter than scapus, tip acute. Cuticle of head smooth, shining, with few wrinkles. Ocellus small, of lighter colour. Antennae more than twice the length of body, thin, creamy with dark irregular markings along length. Thorax. Pronotum with deep black median fascia, somewhat constricted on mesozona and then widening on metazona (Fig. 31 A). Anterior margin of pronotum rounded, posterior margin truncate; metazona slightly elevated. Lateral lobes of pronotum rounded, at height of metazona margin incurved. Prosternum bispinose with tiny spines; meso- and metasterna unarmed. Tegmina and wings slightly longer than body length. Tegmina with numerous dark spots on creamy brown background. Legs. Fore coxa with welldeveloped spine. Spination of femora variable, different numbers of spines were counted on the holotype between each pair of legs. Fore femora 4���5 outer and 1���2 on inner ventral side. Mid femora with 3 outer ventral spines and unarmed on inner side. Hind femora with 6 outer and no inner ventral spines. Abdomen. Tenth abdominal tergite shield-like, posterior margin medially slightly incurved, cuticle shiny. Supra-anal plate finger-like elongated, sulcate (Fig. 32 A, E). Male cerci differentiated into a inner shield-like expanded part ending in an almost curling band-like process (Fig. 32 E) and an outer branch. The outer branch is divided into two branches that end with acute tips (Fig. 32 A, B, C). Subgenital plate with posterior margin v-shaped incurved and with two short styli. Female. General coloration as in Figs. 30���31 and similar to male. Slightly larger than male. Ovipositor long, slender and slightly up-curved (Fig. 30). Subgenital plate narrow elongated, in anterior part 2/3 sulcate (Fig. 34 B). Measurements, male (mm) (N = 1). Body length 24.7. Length of pronotum 6.4. Length of elytra 19.2. Length of hind femur 12.7. Measurements, female (mm) (N = 1). Body length 27. Length of pronotum 6.5. Length of elytra 21.6. Length of hind femur 14.6. Ovipositor length 15.3. Diagnosis. See at A. furcata n. sp. Habitat. On branches and leaves on bushes and trees in forest. Distribution. Tanzania, Zanzibar. Etymology. From the locality, Jozani Forest Reserve, on the Island Zanzibar., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini), pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 4664 (3) on pages 322-323, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3385423

Afroanthracites maculatus n. sp. Hemp C. (Fig. 13���15, 16B, 17C, 39, 42, Table 1) Holotype: male. South Pare Mountains, Mt Mwala, submontane-montane forest, December 2017. 1 female, same data as holotype. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Further paratype material: 1 female, South Pare Mountains, Mt Shengena, montane forest, 2000 m, December 1998. 7 males, 4 females, same data as holotype and November 2018. 2 females, Mt Vumari, South Pare Mountains, December 2016. Depository: collection C. Hemp. Description. Male. General colour predominantly green and brown (Fig. 13). On dorsum of pronotum in area of metazona large brown patch bordered by cream-white fasciae. Head brown.Abdomen green with green tri-angles medially with diffuse brown colour. These tri-angles bordered by black lines. Lateral on abdomen on each segment cream-white patches. Legs green with herringbone pattern on outer side. Near joints with tibiae black rings, joints yellowish-white (Fig. 13 A, B). Head and antennae. Fastigium verticis conical, slightly shorter than scapus. Face with median tri-angle shaped black fascia, labrum and mandibles orange. Genae green (Fig. 13 C). Antennae long, more than twice the length of body, scapus green with black patches, second antennomere also green with black mottles, remaining antennomeres of reddish colour. Thorax. Pronotum rugose, rounded, posterior area (in metazona) slightly inflated. Tegmina hidden for most of their length under pronotum only straight hind margins of tegmina visible. Legs. Fore coxa with slightly curved spine. Fore and mid femora only with 2 outer ventral spines, unarmed on inner side. Hind femora with 4���5 small outer ventral spines near distal part with joint of tibia, on inner side unarmed or with one tiny spine. Fore and mid tibiae with double row of 3���6 irregular set ventral spines and pair of ventral spurs. Hind tibiae with 4 rows of small spines, densely set on dorsal two rows, and with few spines along ventral two rows; with ventral double pair of short spurs and dorsal stout pair. Abdomen. Tenth abdominal tergite elongated and up-lifted at posterior margin forming two tri-angle shaped vertically oriented structures (Fig. 14 A���C). Subgenital plate elongated, posteriorly up-curved and v-shaped incised medially, with finger-like styli (Fig. 14 C). Cerci similar to A. guttatus n. sp. but expansion midway not as acute but almost rounded (Fig. 14 A, inset). Female. Similar to male in size but with more mottled colour pattern. Face as male. Brown patch on metanotum of pronotum not as large and conspicuous as in male and darker. Ovipositor slightly up-curved. Posterior margin of 10 th abdominal tergite forming two broad lobes (Fig. 15 A). Subgenital plate broad with v-shaped incised median gap (Fig. 15 B). Measurements, male (mm) (N = 4). Body length 18.8��� 19.1. Length of pronotum 7.3���8.0. Length of hind femur 10.4���11.1. Measurements, female (mm) (N = 4). Body length 18.4���19.5 Length of pronotum 6.0���6.2. Length of hind femur 11.8���12.5. Ovipositor 10.5���11.0. Song. The recorded male produced echemes with eight syllables at intervals of about three seconds. See Fig. 39, 42 and Table 1 for details. Diagnosis. A. guttatus n. sp. and A. maculatus n. sp. are morphologically related. A. guttatus n. sp. has a male abdominal 10 th tergite which has an expanded broad margin similarly found in A. discolor of the West Usambara Mountains. However, the general colour pattern���usually a very stable character in Afroanthracites��� is different and the male cerci are also differently shaped. A. discolor Hemp, Ingrisch & ��nal, 2013 also has laterally more strongly expanded cerci with an acute branch midway and an inner branch differentiated into two shorter and more slender branches (Fig. 46 D). These inner branches are larger and longer than in A. guttatus n. sp. (46 A). A. pseudodiscolor Hemp, 2015 has male cerci morphologically also very similar to A. guttatus n. sp. and A. discolor (compare Fig. 46). The 10 th abdominal tergite in A. pseudodiscolor (Fig. 16 D), however, is differently shaped. Two tri-angle shaped structures are formed at the posterior margin, similar to A. maculatus n. sp. But in A. maculatus n. sp. the male cerci do not have an acute process midway on the male cerci. Females may be distinguished when comparing the posterior margin of the 10 th abdominal tergites. A. discolor and A. pseudodiscolor (Fig. 17 A) have lappet-like structures at the posterior margin while the posterior margin of the 10 th abdominal tergite in A. guttatus n. sp. is shallowly lobed (Fig. 17 B) and in A. maculatus n. sp. (Fig. 17 C) two evenly rounded lobes are formed. A. montium from the Kilimanjaro /Meru area of northern Tanzania (Fig. 9 E, F) and A. usambaricus (Fig. 9 C, D) from the West Usambara Mountains syntopically occurring with A. discolor in the Mazumbai Forest Reserve and A. pseudodiscolor in Lutindi forest of the West Usambara Mountains, have also lappet-like processes on the 10 th abdominal margin but not as long as in A. discolor and A. pseudodiscolor. Further their colour patterns are very different from the co-occurring species in the West Usambaras and resemble more that of A. inopinatus n. sp. South Pare Mountains (Fig. 7). Habitat. Submontane to montane closed forest. Understory dweller found at night in trees and bushes. Recorded between 1600���2000 m. Distribution. Tanzania, South Pare Mountains (Shengena forest, Mt. Vumari and Mt Mwala). Etymology. The species is named after its colour pattern of many brown to black and white patches from Latin��� maculatus, patchy., Published as part of Hemp, Claudia & Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini), pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 4664 (3) on pages 310-313, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/3385423

Hemp, Claudia, Heller, Klaus-Gerhard (2019): New Agraeciini species from the Eastern Arc Mountains, East Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae; Conocephalinae; Agraeciini). Zootaxa 4664 (3): 301-338, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4664.3.1

Mimoscudderia longicaudata n. sp. Heller & Kri��t��n (Fig. 9���10) Holotype ♀, MADAGASCAR, Zombitse, 810 m a.s.l., - 22.886195�� S, 44.691791��, 11 iii 2015, leg. A. Kri��t��n, CH8602 (MfN). Specimen in bad condition, without any legs except for one mid leg. Description. Female. Colour. Green, scapus, pedicellus and flagellum of antennae black, eyes with black horizontal stripe, posterior margin of pronotum laterally with black markings, tegmina with many black spots, their base brown (Figs 9 A, B). Fastigium of vertex narrow, furrowed above, clearly separated by fastigium of frons (Fig. 10A). Eyes round, well projecting, with weak fronto-genal carinae below them. Legs comparatively long. Fore tibiae slightly widening above tympana, which are open at least on inner side. Pronotum narrowing anteriorly, flat above, anterior margin very slightly convex, posterior margin widely rounded, humeral sinus evident, lobes of pronotum wider than high, anterior margin straight, posterior rounded (Fig. 10B, C). Tegmina comparatively narrow with rounded apices. Hind wings a little bit longer than tegmina. Ovipositor in comparison to other species of this genus unusually long, surpassing hind femora and wings, slightly curved, in the distal half edges very finely serrated (Fig 9, 10D). Diagnosis. This taxon is tentatively placed within the genus Mimoscudderia. Differences from it are seen mostly in the shape of the pronotum and in the shape the eye which is rounded (as it is in the also tentatively placed M. paulyi). Differences to all known Mimoscudderia species are found in the length of the ovipositor (20 mm vs 6��� 9 mm in the others) and the green head with black antennae unknown in any other species. The species has also shorter tegmina than the other Mimoscudderia species (30 mm vs 34���45). Measurements (in mm). Female. Body length: 22; length of pronotum: 5.8; height of pronotum: 4.0; length of tegmina: 30; width of tegmina: 6.3; length of hind wings 32.5; length of hind femora 28 (calculated from photos with length of tegmina as reference); length of ovipositor 20.5. Etymology. The name longicaudata refers to the length of ovipositor. Using the key in Heller et al. (2018) for this specimen, one ends up with an alternative because the holotype is without fore legs: Parapyrrhicia (dorsal side of fore tibia rounded) or Mimoscudderia (dorsal side of fore tibia flat or furrowed). We decided to place it tentatively in Mimoscudderia, because its legs are longer than in all Parapyrrhicia (and M. spinicercata; Table 3) and coloration and shape of ovipositor are similar to some Mimoscudderia. In the shape of the pronotum, however, it is more similar to Parapyrrhicia (at most to P. longipodex) and quite different from most Mimoscudderia. Habitat. Ecoton of dry forest with bush and a sparse herbal layer at the periphery of Zombitse���Vohibasia National Park. Among endemic plants there are represented the families Euphorbiaceae, Acanthaceae (Crossandra stenandrium), Apocynaceae, Didieraceae, orchids (just flowering e.g. Aeranthes sp., Habenaria tianae, Polystachya cf. aurantiaca), in the tree layer are characteristic the baobabs Adansonia za, A. grandidieri, A rubrostipa. Naturalized plant species are e.g. the genera Acacia, Aloe, Ficus and Pandanus. and Massa 2017b, c, Ragge 1980)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 305-306, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Heller, K. - G., Hemp, C., Massa, B., Kocinski, M. & Warchalowska-Sliwa, E. (2018) Paraplangia sinespeculo, a new genus and species of bush-cricket, with notes on its biology and a key to the genera of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Madagascar. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 27 (2), 143 - 153. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / jor. 27.24243","Massa, B. (2017 b) New taxa of Orthoptera (Insecta: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Madagascar. Zootaxa, 4242, 299 - 312.","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Ragge, D. R. (1980) A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 40, 67 - 192."]}

Phaneroptera sparsa St��l, 1857 (Fig. 8) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813�� S, 47.422720�� E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8598, female; MADAGASCAR: Ampanihy, spiny dry bush, 250 m a. s. l., - 24.661890�� S, 44.710957�� E; 16 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8599, female; MADAGASCAR: Ibity, montane bush and grassland, 1700 m a. s. l., - 20.254053��S, 47.071768�� E, 29 iii 2015 leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8600, female. Additional record: MADAGASCAR: Perinet / Andasibe, 90 km east of Antananarivo (18��58'S, 48��24'E), 20 iii 1991, leg. A. Meschede, CH 4957, male. The species is well-known from Madagascar (Ragge 1956; as P. nana sparsa) and confirmed with four localities (specimen from Ranomafana shown in Fig. 8)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 302-305, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Stal, C. (1857) Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 13, 165 - 170.","Ragge, D. R. (1956) A revision of the genera Phaneroptera Serville and Nephoptera Uvarov (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae), with conclusions of zoogeographical and evolutionary interest. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 127, 205 - 283. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1956. tb 00471. x"]}

Parapyrrhicia leuca n. sp. Hemp & Heller (Fig. 11���12) MADAGASCAR: 16 km north of Beloha, 300 m a.s.l., - 25.131933�� S, 45.075445�� E; 17 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8603 (MfN), female. Description. Holotype female: Color uniformly dark shiny green except for shiny white patch on left tegmen and tawny to pinkish area around tympana of fore tibiae (Fig. 11). Head and antennae: Antennae green, thin, markedly longer than total length of insect. Fastigium as typical for genus. Eyes circular, prominent, greenish with lighter upper part when alive. Thorax: Pronotum without lateral carinae, broadly rounded to lateral lobes, surface of disc slightly wrinkled. Anterior margin almost straight with small median indentation, posterior margin broadly rounded. Tegmina and wings: As for genus, both pairs of wings fully developed, alae surpassing tegmina. Fore femora with anterior ventral ridge with three tiny spinules, posterior side rounded and unarmed. Mid and hind femora unarmed. Fore and mid tibiae without dorsal spurs, only with one small spur ventrally on inner side. Hind tibiae dorsally and on inner ventral side unarmed; on outer side one thick spur and a smaller located on opposite side to the other one; remaining part of hind tibia with four edges giving the tibiae a quadrangular shape especially towards its end; densely armed with numerous black-tipped spines. Abdomen: Posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergite with median slack. Supra-anal plate evenly curved, slap-like. Ovipositor as in Fig. 12B. Subgenital plate broad, in caudal half continuously narrowing into a tip, in the frontal part incised (Fig. 12C). Measurements (in mm). Female. Body length: 17; median length of pronotum: 4.3; height of pronotum 3.2; length of hind femur: 18.5; length of tegmina: 28; width of tegmina: 4.7; length of hind wing 27.5; ovipositor: 7.5. Etymology. From Greek�����ευ����, white, because of the conspicuous white patch on the left tegmen. Diagnosis. The specimen differs from all Malagasy species of Parapyrrhicia with known females by the shape of the ovipositor which has a denticulate apex (Fig. 12 B), while those of the other Madagascan species have serrate apices. All Parapyrrhicia from African mainland, however, have also denticulate apices (see Hemp et al. 2016), a difference already noted by Massa (2017b). From these African species it differs at the first glance by the white markings on the base of the tegmina (Fig. 11), known only in males of some African species. Females of at least some Malagasy species (P. madagassa), however, have also a white patch on the base of each tegmina. From P. longipodex, the only Malagasy species whose female is unknown, the specimen at hand differs clearly in the shape of the pronotum (Fig. 12A). P. leuca is the first specimen of Parapyrrhicia found in the southern half of Madagascar, all others come from the northern part. Habitat. Spiny dry bush with endemic Acacia sakalava, Alluaudia dumosa, A. humbertii, Baudouinia rouxevillei, Barleria alluaudii, Operculicarya decaryi, with small wetland and abandoned pastures and fields in surroundings., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 307-309, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Massa, B. (2017 b) New taxa of Orthoptera (Insecta: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) from Madagascar. Zootaxa, 4242, 299 - 312."]}

Plangia segonoides (Butler, 1878) (Fig. 2) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813° S, 47.422720° E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Krištín, CH 8594, female. The female specimen belongs clearly to the genus Plangia of which three species are known from Madagascar (guttatipennis and segonoides) and the West Indian Islands (ovalifolia; Table 1). In width of the tegmina the collected specimen is very similar to P. segonoides, known only from the male type specimen. Also the other measurements are relatively close to this species. Therefore we assume that the specimen may belong to P. segonoides. Since the female was unknown, we give figures of its head and ovipositor (Fig. 2). However, it may be difficult to separate a single female morphologically from other African Plangia species. Habitat. The specimen was found dead in a spider web in a semiopen site within tall tropical rainforest with many palm species and several orchid and fern species., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Krištín, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 299, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Butler, A. G. (1878) Description of a new species of the orthopterous genus Phylloptera from Madagascar. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1878, 648 - 649."]}

Xenodoxus sp. (Fig. 7) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, wet grassland and bush within the rain forest, 680 m a. s. l., - 21.261799�� S, 47.460840�� E; 24 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8597, female. Judging from the shape of the ovipositor, the specimen probably represents a female of a species of the genus Xenodoxus. However, it does not have the dark markings at the base of the tegmina typical for both known species of this genus. In size and morphology it is quite similar to Phaneroptera sparsa, but differs in the shape of the ovipositor and depth of the humeral sinus (Fig. 7). The specimen is in bad condition, so a safe identification is not possible. It could also be related to Eulioptera, not yet known from Madagascar. Length of pronotum 3.8, length of tegmina 22, length of hind wings 24.7, length of ovipositor 6.3, Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205

Tylopsis bilineolata Karsch, 1893 (Fig. 5) MADAGASCAR: Ranomafana, rain forest, Soarana trail, 920 m a. s. l., - 21.256813�� S, 47.422720�� E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8596, male. From Madagascar, two species of the genus Tylopsis are known: T. bilineolata Karsch, 1893 (see Ragge 1964) and T. irregularis Karsch, 1893 (see Massa 2017c). From the shape of the cerci (Fig. 5A) and the pronotum (Fig. 5B), our specimen belongs to T. bilineolata, and here to the larger and more common morph (length of hind femur 25 mm; see Ragge 1964). Its stridulatory file (Fig. 5C) is quite similar to that of T. lilifolia (Fabricius) (compare Heller 1988, fig. 110). Habitat. The specimen was found in a bush within tall tropical rainforest with many palm species and several tree fern species., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Karsch, F. (1893) Die Insecten der Berglandschaft Adeli im Hinterlande von Togo (Westafrika) nach dem von den Herren Hauptmann Eugen Kling (1888 und 1889) und Dr. Richard Buttner (1890 und 1891) gesammelten Materiale bearbeitet. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 38, 1 - 266.","Ragge, D. R. (1964) A revision of the genus Tylopsis Fieber (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 15, 297 - 322. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 20543","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Heller, K. - G. (1988) Bioakustik der europaischen Laubheuschrecken. Verlag Josef Margraf, Weikersheim, 358 pp."]}

Eurycorypha prasinata Stål, 1874 (Fig. 3, 4) MADAGASCAR: Anakao, savanna and bush, 5 m a. s. l., - 23.655606°S, 43.651012° E; 25 iii 2015, leg. Anton Krištín, CH 8595, male. The specimen (habitus Fig. 3) is considered to represent a male of E. prasinata, a species assumed to be endemic to Madagascar and the Comoros (Massa 2017a, c). Before the studies of Massa (2017a, c) only five specimens from four species of the genus Eurycorypha have been known from Madagascar, one male (identified as E. prasinata; Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878), one unsexed specimen (identified as E. cereris; Saussure 1899), and three females, the type specimens of E. prasinata Stål,1874, E. brunneri Brancsik, 1893, and E. brevipennis Karsch, 1889. Massa (2017c) listed another four Malagasy specimens under E. prasinata, although they differ in size and proportions from the specimens described by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878) and Stål (1874) (see Table 2). The measurements of the specimen at hand agree with Massa’s data. According to the description in Massa (2017c), E. prasinata belongs to Eurycorypha species with males with elongate and narrow tegmina, an undifferentiated 10 th abdominal tergite and rather stout, slightly curved cerci that have sclerotized dents at their tips. Several Eurycorypha species show these characters and thus are distinguished with difficulty, especially when song and habitat are not known. E. varia from northern Tanzania and E. pseudovaria from the Usambara Mountains are a striking example how similar Eurycorypha species of this group sometimes are. Also E. conclusa, a species distributed from coastal to inland habitats in eastern Africa belongs to this group of morphological similar males. The specimens known from Madagascar differ in dimensions and wing shape. However, there is also a sexual dimorphism in these characters as well as a quite large intraspecific variation, at least in some species. So in all of the above named three African species the females have more roundish tegmina resulting in different length/width ratios (Table 2). A huge variability is seen in E. conclusa from different localities. Female individuals from West Kilimanjaro had a ratio of tegminal length/width of 2.3 while individuals from the North Pare Mountains had a ratio of 3.3. Also the size varied considerably. The smallest female individual was collected in Kwamgumi Forest Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains, Tanzania, and measured 15 mm in tegmina length and 6.4 mm in width while the largest individual measured came from the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania, with 30.5 mm tegmina length and 9.15 width. Only since we recorded the song of Kwamgumi and Kilimanjaro males conspecifity was proved. von Wattenwyl; all data for E. conclusa Hemp, unpublished, from Tanzania. Taking such a variability into account, we concluded that all Malagasy specimens we studied might belong to one species, to E. prasinata. On the other hand, different Eurycorypha species can morphologically be very similar. So only the detailed study of the songs and the different habitat made it possible to delimitate E. varia from E. pseudovaria (see Hemp 2017). The morphological similarity of these Eurycorypha species was also the base to erroneously assume a wide distribution of E. varia, a species very likely restricted to the montane zone of African Mts Meru and Kilimanjaro and some Eastern Arc Mountain Ranges while records of E. varia from the Usambara Mountains refer to E. pseudovaria. Madagascar may harbour more than one Eurycorypha species, but at present we do not know characters to separate them reliably. This is also true for E. cereris and E. prasinata. Both are morphologically similar having an undifferentiated 10 th abdominal tergite and rather stout cerci armed with sclerotized dents, similar to E. varia and E. pseudovaria. E. cereris was described on a male by Stål (1857) from the Cape Region of South Africa while later (Stål 1874) he described E. prasinata on a female from Madagascar without providing an exact locality. The male of E. prasinata was described by Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878). He wrote that he was not able to delimitate another male from Port Natal (South Africa) from this species. Thus he listed this male from South Africa with a question mark. Since this publication South Africa is included in the known distribution of E. prasinata. Karsch (1889) listed E. prasinata from the Cape Region, West Africa (Accra; Ghana), Delagobai (today Maputo Bay, Mozambique), Mombasa (Kenya), Bondei & Usambara (Tanzania) and Anjoani (today Anjouan, The Comoros). Saussure (1899) on the other hand listed E. cereris from Madagascar (Nosy Bé). Very likely E. prasinata and E. cereris were partly misidentified and mixed up since females of these two species are very difficult to distinguish and males are also very similar in their outer genital morphology (Fig. 4). Since most Eurycorypha species are highly endemic and restricted to certain areas it is very unlikely that E. prasinata occurs apart from Madagascar in wide parts of mainland Africa (see also Massa 2017c). The records of E. prasinata from Mombasa and the Usambara Mountains could belong to E. pseudovaria while the records from South Africa very likely belong to E. cereris. So we here suggest that E. cereris is restricted to Africa and E. prasinata to Madagascar. Only the detailed study of this complex of morphologically very similar Eurycorypha species including song, habitat and genetics will shed more light on the distribution and the evolution of this group. Further remark: In the collection of the Natural History Museum London, UK, specimens collected from Madagascar (data unpublished) are united under E. prasinata with the remark that E. brevipennis and E. brunneri are possibly synonymous with E. prasinata (Ragge 1980). However, E. brevipennis has very rounded and short tegmina and it is very improbable that it is synonym of E. prasinata. Habitat. The specimen was found in coastal semiopen Euphorbia stenoclada bush, with some endemic Aloe (A. divaricata, A. vaombe), and introduced Euphorbia pulcherrima and Agave sisalana., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Krištín, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on pages 299-302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Stal, C. (1874) Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des Orthopteres decrits par Linne, De Geer et Thunberg. 2. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, 31, 1 - 121.","Massa, B. (2017 a) New data and taxa for Orthoptera Tettigoniidae and Acrididae from tropical Africa. Annales Socie ' te Entomologique de France, 53, 236 - 255. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00379271.2017.1334586","Massa, B. (2017 c) New genera, species and records of Afrotropical Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae) preserved at the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Bruxelles. Zootaxa, 4358, 401 - 429. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4358.3.1","Brunner von Wattenwyl, C. (1878) Monographie der Phaneropteriden. Brockhaus, Wien, 401 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 7998.1878. tb 07999. x","Saussure, H. de (1899) Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Reise in Madagaskar und Ostafrika in den Jahren 1889 - 95 von Dr. A. Voeltzkow. Orthoptera. Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, Frankfurt / M, 21, 569 - 664.","Brancsik, C. (1893) Beitrage zur Kenntniss Nossibes und dessen Fauna nach Sendungen und Mittheilungen des Herrn P. Frey II. Jahreshefte des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereins des Trencsiner Comitates, 15 - 16 [1892 - 93], 202 - 258.","Karsch, F. (1889) Orthopterologische Beitrage. III. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 32 [1888], 415 - 464.","Stal, C. (1857) Orthoptera cursoria och Locustina fran Cafferlandet. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 13, 165 - 170.","Ragge, D. R. (1980) A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 40, 67 - 192."]}

Trigonocorypha maxima Carl, 1914 (Fig. 6) MADAGASCAR: Ampanihy, spiny dry bush, 250 m a. s. l., - 24.661890�� S, 44.710957�� E; 16 iii 2015, leg. Anton Kri��t��n, CH 8601, female. This large specimen fits very well the description of Trigonocorypha maxima by Carl (1914). It is the first time that the species was found again and the first indication of its distribution in Madagascar. It should be noted that the specimen at hand differs in the colour of the side keels of the pronotum which are intensely black in Carl���s six specimens and yellow in our animal (Fig. 6). The significance of this difference (from variation in color to new species) is completely unknown. Habitat. The specimen was found in spiny dry bush with endemic Alluaudia dumosa, Commiphora sp., Dombeya sp., Euphorbia arahaka in the twilight., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, Hemp, Claudia, Massa, Bruno, Rakotondranary, Jacques & Kri��t��n, Anton, 2019, Notes on a small collection of phaneropterine bush-crickets (Insecta: Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea) from Central and Southern Madagascar with the description of two new species, pp. 297-310 in Zootaxa 4563 (2) on page 302, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/2601205, {"references":["Carl, J. (1914) Orthopteres de Madagascar. Revue Suisse de Zoologie, 22, 148 - 177. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 82532"]}

Ruspolia paraplesia (Karny, 1907) This species, found by Bailey (1975) in material collected on Annobón, is to be expected to occur in São Tomé and Príncipe, too. With about 70 Hz its song has a much higher syllable repetition rate than R. fuscopunctata and a much lower than R. differens (see below B)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Karny, H. H. (1907) Revisio Conocephalidarum. Abhandlungen der zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft Wien, 4, 1 - 114.","Bailey, W. J. (1975) A review of the African species of the genus Ruspolia Schulthess (Orthoptera Tettigonioidea). Bulletin de l' Institut Fondamental d' Afrique Noire, Serie A 37 A, 171 - 226."]}

Adapantus excavatus n. sp. (Fig. 5 A, 6 A–C, 7 A–D) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:505232 Holotype: male, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: Príncipe, near Bom Bom Island Resort (1°41'N, 7°24'E), 20 m a.s.l., 24–27 iv 2018, leg. Martina Heller; MfN. When we collected the animal (habitus Fig. 5 A) on Príncipe, we expected to have found Adapantus transmarinus, known for this island from literature (see above). However, it differs distinctly from this species and has to be described as a new species which may even not be the sister species to transmarinus. Diagnosis. Differs from all other Adapantus species by the tips of the male cerci which do not end in a spine, but are excavated (Fig. 6 A). Description (following the concept of Naskrecki, 2008a). General. Body of medium size (habitus Fig. 5 A) Head. Antennae more than twice as long as body; fastigium of vertex triangular, nearly reaching apex of antennal sockets (Fig. 7 A), grooved dorsally; frons flat. Scapus with small apical spine. Thorax. Humeral sinus of pronotum absent; lateral lobe wider than high; upper side of pronotum concave; anterior and posterior edge of prozona convexly rounded (Fig. 7 A); pronotum surface weakly granulate. Prosternum armed with two short spines. Legs. Genicular lobes of front and hind femur (Fig. 6 C) armed with spines on both sides, mid femora with spines on inner side only; mid tibia dorsally unarmed. Wings. Tegmina distinctly surpassing apex of abdomen; left stridulatory area coriaceous, with a large cell, shaped as mirror (Fig. 7 C); right stridulatory area with very large mirror (Fig. 7 D). Stridulatory vein very thick (Fig. 7 A, C), stridulatory file weakly bent, flat, with ca. 135 lamelliform teeth, 3.1 mm long (Fig. 7 B). Hind wing as long as tegmina. Abdomen. Cercus bent in apical third; apex of cercus slightly thickened, excavated (Fig. 6 A); subgenital plate with small, triangular apical incision; stylus cylindrical, more than 3 times as long as wide (Fig. 6 B). Coloration. Coloration brown and green, sometimes mottled (Fig. 5 A); face light brown, without darker markings; hind wing fumose. Measurements (in mm). Body w/wings 32; body w/o wings: 29; pronotum: 5.5; tegmen: 25; hind femur: 18. Etymology. The specific epithet excavatus refers to the shape of the cercus (adjective, masculinum). Bioacoustics. See below, part B. A. excavatus differs from A. transmarinus, the other species from São Tomé and Príncipe, not only in cercus shape, but also in the armature of the hind knees. A. transmarinus belongs to a group of species without any spines, while A. excavatus has spines as found in another species group. The new species differs in its stridulatory organs also distinctly from the three species of the genus described by Naskrecki (2008a). Comparing the other species of the genus, A. bardus Karsch (see also Naskrecki 2008a), osorioi Bolivar, excavatus, transmarinus and some other species (according to photos in OSFO) have a very strong stridulatory vein and a more or less distinct mirror in the left tegmen, whereas Naskrecki’s three new species have a weak stridulatory vein and no indication of a left mirrorlike structure. The characters are clearly recognisable in Naskrecki’s excellent figure 8 and also mentioned in his text. Beier (1962), however, mentions the presence of left and right mirrors as a characteristic of the genus Adapantus. The difference in the stridulatory organs is so distinctive that it may justify a subgeneric subdivision. The left mirror is an important predictor of a species’ carrier frequency (Montealegre-Z et al., 2017) and large morphological differences may indicate differences in the communication system., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 46-48, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Naskrecki, P. (2008 a) Sylvan Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) of the Guinean Forests of West Africa Hotspot: an overview and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1712, 1 - 41.","Beier, M. (1962) Orthoptera Tettigoniidae (Pseudophyllinae I). Das Tierreich 73, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin, 468 pp.","Montealegre-Z, F., Ogden, J., Jonsson, T. & Soulsbury, C. D. (2017) Morphological determinants of signal carrier frequency in katydids (Orthoptera): a comparative analysis using biophysical evidence of wing vibration. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 30 (11), 2068 - 2078. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / jeb. 13179"]}

Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Karsch 1889: Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Griffini 1906: Eurycorypha stylata St��l, 1873 Known from Pr��ncipe, without details (Karsch 1889) and from Roca Infante Dom Henrique and Bahia do Oeste (locality untraceable; Griffini 1906, identification confirmed by Massa 2013), Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Stal, C. (1873) Orthoptera nova descripsit. Ofversigt Kongliga Vetenskaps-akademiens Forhandlingar, Stockholm, 30, 39 - 53.","Karsch, F. (1889) Orthopterologische Beitrage. III. Berliner Entomologische Zeitschrift, 32 [1888], 415 - 464.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Massa, B. (2013) Diversity of leaf katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae) of Dzanga-Ndoki National Park, Central African Republic, with selected records from other African countries. Journal of Orthoptera Research, 22 (2), 125 - 152. https: // doi. org / 10.1665 / 034.022.0201"]}

Brachyamytta bombomensis n. sp. (Fig. 5 C, Fig. 9 A–C) http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:505233 Holotype: female, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: Príncipe, near Bom Bom Island Resort (1°41'N, 7°24'E), 20 m a.s.l., 24–27 iv 2018, leg. Marianne Volleth, in ethanol, label ‘ CH 8588’, MfN. From the 65 species and subspecies of Meconematinae known from West and West Tropical Africa (OSFO 12.06.2018) only six have short tegmina and a smooth ovipositor without teeth. Five of these six are known from one locality each only. Proamytta brevipennis Chopard 1945 (only one male known) is described as uniform light green as the East African Amytta (see Hemp & Heller 2017) and many other species, and thus not similar to our specimen. The females of Anepitacta (Anepitacta) wrightae Naskrecki, 2008b have relatively long, slender ovipositors (ratio length of hind femur/ovipositor 1.1) as it is typical for this genus, whereas our specimen has a much higher and shorter ovipositor (ratio length of hind femur/ovipositor 1.4). However, our specimen fits quite well the diagnosis of Brachyamytta Naskrecki, 2008b, although there are differences (size of ovipositor, colouration) to the described species. Members of this genus are not always uniform green, but may have black or brown markings or can even be completely brown/olive green (see fig. 7 in Naskrecki 2008b). Diagnosis. Differs from the three known species of the genus by missing black markings at hind legs as observed in B. maculipes and B. mcculloughae and by lobes of subgenital plate not elongated as found in B. rapidoaestima. Description (following the concept of Naskrecki 2008b). General. Body small, slender; micropterous. Head. Fastigium of vertex triangular, blunt apically, barely reaching base of scapus, flat dorsally; scapus unarmed; antennae about twice as long as body; frons convex, vertical; eyes globular, moderately protruding. Terminal segments of labial and maxillary palps strongly distended apically, cone-shaped. Thorax. Pronotum surface smooth; lateral lobe wider than high (Fig. 9 A); humeral sinus of pronotum absent; anterior margin of pronotum flat; metazona moderately elongate, flat to weakly convex; posterior edge of metazona broadly rounded. Prosternum unarmed. Legs. Legs long and slender. Front tibia unarmed dorsally, with 4 spines on posterior and 4 on anterior ventral margin; ventral spines on front tibia as long as tibia diameter, some longer; tympanum bilaterally open, oval, more than twice as long as wide; genicular lobes of front femur unarmed; front femur unarmed ventrally; front coxa armed with short spine. Mid tibia unarmed dorsally; with 3 spines on posterior and 5 on anterior ventral margin; mid femur unarmed ventrally; genicular lobes of mid femur unarmed. Hind femur unarmed ventrally; genicular lobes of hind femur unarmed. Wings. Tegmen not reaching middle of abdomen, ending broadly rounded. Abdomen. Female subgenital plate with two broad, rounded lobes on posterior margin (Fig. 9 C). Ovipositor. Ovipositor as typical for the genus, slightly curved; shorter than hind femur (ratio femur/ovipositor 1.4); apex with both valves smooth; pointed, dorsal edge of upper valve parallel to lower valve (Fig. 9 B) Coloration. Coloration green (but not light green), with brown markings (Fig. 5 C); antennal scapus without markings; antennae concolorous; eyes uniformly red colored; face without dark markings; occiput with dark brown markings; pronotum laterally green, pro- and metazona brown; genicular lobes of front legs without markings; all legs green, without dark markings. Measurements. Length of body 13 mm, pronotum 3.3 mm, tegmina 2.7 mm, hind leg 11.5, ovipositor 8.3 mm. Etymology. Named bombomensis after the small island Bom Bom near to the type locality, adjective femininum., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Chopard, L. (1945) Orthopteroides recueillis dans les montagnes du Cameroun par la mission Lepesme, Paulian, Villiers. Revue Francaise d' Entomologie, 11, 156 - 178.","Naskrecki, P. (2008 b) New species of arboreal predatory katydids from West Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae). Zootaxa, 1732, 1 - 28."]}

Pigalua insularis (Ragge, 1980) The species was described from a couple collected in 1959 on the island of Annobón (Ragge, 1980), but was found there already in 1902 by Fea (Massa 2017). It may occur also on Bioko (very similar female; Ragge 1980)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Ragge, D. R. (1980) A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Entomology Series, 40, 67 - 192. Available from: https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / part / 26800 / summary (Accessed 27 Feb. 2019)"]}

Conocephalus (Anisoptera) maculatus (Le Guillou, 1841) Griffini 1906: Xiphidium maculatum Le Guillou, 1841 A female from this most widespread of all Conocephalus species was reported for Pr��ncipe and a male and a female for Annob��n by Griffini (1906)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Le Guillou, E. J. F. (1841) Description de 23 especes nouvelles d'Orthopteres, recueillies pendant son Voyage autour du Monde sur la Zelee. Revue Zoologique par la societe Cuvierienne, 4, 291 - 295.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397."]}

Neoadapantus n. subgenus http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Orthoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:xxxxxx Type species: Adapantus affluens Naskrecki, 2008a Diagnosis. Differs from the nominal subgenus by the presence of a weak stridulatory vein and by missing a mirrorlike structure in the left tegmen (compare Fig. 7 C, D, and E, F). According to the figures of Adenes obesus in OSFO, in the sister genus Adenes both characters are similar to A. (Adapantus). The related genus Mormotus Karsch, 1890, however, has no left mirror and a weak stridulatory vein (see figures in Naskrecki 2008a), thus being similar to Neoadapantus. Included species: affluens Naskrecki, 2008a, angulatus Naskrecki, 2008a, pragerorum Naskrecki, 2008a, marmoratus Chopard, 1954, nitens (Chopard 1954) (the last two as far as it can be judged by the photos in OSFO). Unassignable to subgenera: A. castaneus Beier, 1954 (no information about character state in male available)., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Naskrecki, P. (2008 a) Sylvan Katydids (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Pseudophyllinae) of the Guinean Forests of West Africa Hotspot: an overview and descriptions of new species. Zootaxa, 1712, 1 - 41.","Karsch, F. (1890). Neue westafrikanische, durch Herrn Premierlieutenant Morgen von Kribi eingesendete Orthopteren. Entomologische Nachrichten, Berlin, 16, 257 - 276.","Chopard L. (1954) La reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, fascicule 2. III. Orthopteroides Ensiferes. Memoires de l'Institut Francais d'Afrique Noire, 40, 25 - 98.","Beier, M. (1954) Revision der Pseudophyllinen 1. Halfte. Trabajos del Instituto Espanol de Entomologia, Madrid. 479 pp."]}

Proamytta (Proamytta) insularis (Chopard, 1958) Griffini 1906: Amytta occidentalis Karsch, 1890 Chopard 1958; Xiphidiopsis insularis Chopard, 1958 Chopard (1958) described the new species Xiphidiopsis insularis from Roca Infante Dom Henrique in Pr��ncipe (one male, three females). It was transferred by Beier (1966) into the "rather poorly defined genus" (Naskrecki 2008b) Proamytta. This placement was confirmed by Naskrecki (2008b) who studied also the types. We include here provisionally the specimens identified with some doubts as Amytta occidentalis by Griffini (1906). These animals (one male and two females) were collected at exactly the same locality as Chopard's specimens and do not differ in any body dimensions (length of body, hind legs, tegmina, ovipositor). Griffini's specimens and the species were not mentioned by Chopard (1958) when describing his new Meconematine species. Griffini's material was also not studied in the revisions of Beier (1965) and Naskrecki (2008b). So the identity of Griffini's specimens has to be re-checked, but in our opinion is very likely that they belong to P. insularis., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Chopard, L. (1958) Mission du Museum dans les iles du Golfe de Guinee. Entom. 6. Orthopteroides. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 63, 73 - 85.","Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Karsch, F. (1890). Neue westafrikanische, durch Herrn Premierlieutenant Morgen von Kribi eingesendete Orthopteren. Entomologische Nachrichten, Berlin, 16, 257 - 276.","Naskrecki, P. (2008 b) New species of arboreal predatory katydids from West Africa (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Meconematinae). Zootaxa, 1732, 1 - 28."]}

Adapantus transmarinus (Krauss, 1890) Krauss, 1890: Meroncidius transmarinus Krauss, 1890 Griffini 1906: Adapantus transmarinus (Krauss, 1890) The species was described by Krauss from a small series found on Rolas Islands, São Tomé. Griffini (1906) mentions two males from Ribeira Palma and Água Izé in São Tomé and another male from Príncipe (but see below for this specimen, here considered as belonging to A. excavatus n.sp.), while Bolivar (1906) seems to have had doubts about differences to his A. osorioi, described 1886. We did not find nor hear it on São Tomé., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 46, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Griffini, A. (1906) Ortotteri raccolti da Leonardo Fea nell'Africa occidentale. 1. Hetrodidi, Conocephalidi, Meconemidi, Pseudophyllidi, Mecopodidi e Fanerotteridi. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale ' Giacomo Doria', Genova, (3) 2, 358 - 397.","Bolivar, I. (1906) Fasgonuridos de la Guinea espanola. Memorias de la Real Sociedad Espanola de Historia Natura, 1, 327 - 377."]}

Conocephalus iris Serville, 1838 Xiphidion guineensis Redtenbacher, 1891 syn. n. Xiphidion africanum Redtenbacher, 1891 syn. n. Conocephalus inaequalis Uvarov, 1928 syn. n 1 male, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: São Tomé, Roca Monte Forte near Neves (0°20'N, 6°32'E), 100 m a.s.l., 22 iv 2018, leg. Martina & K.- G. Heller (CH 8577; length of tegmen 5.5 mm, of hind wing 4 mm); 1 male, SAO TOME & PRINCIPE: Príncipe, near Bom Bom Island Resort (1°41'N, 7°24'E), 20 m a.s.l., 24–27 iv 2018, leg. K.- G. Heller & Marianne Volleth (collected as nymph) (CH 8578; length of tegmen 4.5 mm, of hind wing 2.5 mm). New record for São Tomé and Príncipe. Material used for comparison (in collection Hemp): male, TANZANIA, H5232, 3.2009, 1240m, leg. C. Hemp, length of tegmen 19 mm, of hind wing 20.5 mm, cerci Fig. 8 A; male, TANZANIA, Tarangire, Auwald, 5/15, leg. C. Hemp, length of tegmen 17 mm, of hind wing 20.5 mm; 2 males, TANZANIA, Babati, Darakuta Ranch, 1250m, Wiese 5/17, leg. C. Hemp, male 1: length of tegmen 11 mm, of hind wing 11 mm, cerci Fig. 8 B, male 2: length of tegmen 7 mm, of hind wing 6.5 mm; male, UGANDA, Mt. Elgon, bei Budadiri, 1250m, Plantagenzone, leg. C. Hemp, length of tegmen 9.5 mm. Using the keys in Redtenbacher (1891) and Karny (1907), our animals could be identified as belonging to C. guineensis. The short-winged species (Fig. 5 B) is easily recognizable by the large number of spines on the lower side of front tibia (10–11 in each row compared to 6–7 in other species; Redtenbacher 1891). The cerci have a characteristic bispinate shape (Fig. 8 C), identical in both males. The two spines are not situated in the same plane, but the proximate smaller is directed more upwards (Fig. 8 A–C). The fastigium verticis is nearly as wide as the scapus (Fig. 8 D). The prosternum is armed with two spines as already described by Karny (1907). The stridulatory vein is equipped with about 30 teeth (Fig. 8 E). Because of the unusual tibial armature Karny (1912) considered C. guineensis as member of the subgenus Palotta Walker, a name listed by Harz (1969b) as a synonym of Conocephalus at generic level without discussing subgeneric relationships. It was synonymized and removed as subgenus by Otte (1997) without comments. This action may have been justified since the holotype of Palotta inornata Walker, 1869, the type species of Palotta, seems to be a nymph of Thyridorhoptrum Rehn & Hebard (Pitkin 1977). The three African species C. iris, africanus and guineensis, formerly included in Palotta, are not only very similar to each other in all aspects including cercus shape (Fig. 8 A–C) except tegmen length (Bruner 1920), but they occur also occasionally sympatrically (Bruner 1920). In Tanzania long and short winged specimens are considered as wing morphs of C. iris (Hemp in prep), as it seems also to have been done by Bazelet & Naskrecki (2014, with photo of short-winged form called C. iris). Variability in wing length is well known for several Conocephalus species (especially for C. dorsalis, see e.g. Harz 1969b, but also for C. fuscus in Ando & Hartley 1982, C. japonicus in Higaki & Ando 2003, C. bambusanus according to photos in OSFO; variation in wing length already mentioned by Bruner 1891, p. 59, and later by Pitkin 1980, p. 321, for several species). We follow the proposal of Hemp (in prep) and consider C. iris as a species polymorphic in wing length with the named varieties guineensis Redtenbacher, 1891 for the micropterous and africanus Redtenbacher, 1891 (obviously known only from two females; Redtenbacher 1891, Bruner 1920) for the brachypterous form (terms used according Harz 1969b, p. xii–xviii). As to expect, the song of the form guineensis is also very similar to that of the typical form (see below, B). The short-winged Conocephalus inaequalis Uvarov, 1928, known from two males (Uvarov 1928, Heller et al. 2014), has the same cercus shape as the other forms. The male from Congo has also the unusual tibial armature, while in the type only remainings of one fore leg exit. Uvarov (1928) does not discuss any similarities or relations to the species mentioned above. Therefore we assume that C. inaequalis is only another name for a short-winged form of C. iris and has to be synonymized. The form guineensis is relatively widespread in West and West Central Africa (from Senegal (Ragge & Roy 1961) to Cameroon (Bruner 1920), Democratic Republic of Congo (Griffini 1908, 1909), the island of Bioko (Fernando Poo; Bolivar 1906), to Gabon (type locality) and South Africa, while the range of the nominate form iris is even larger (see Bazelet & Naskrecki 2014). From the island of Mauritius the typical long-winged form is known (Stal 1861). On both archipelagos of São Tomé and Príncipe, Burr (1927) noted a long- and a short-winged species of Conocephalus (as Xiphidium), the latter now being considered as C. iris var. guineensis. The long-winged form may mostly have been C. conocephalus. Using more recent studies (Otte 1997, OSFO), however, it would not be possible to confirm this identification of C. guineensis / iris. Here C. iris and guineensis are assumed to belong to the subgenus Conocephalus characterized by an unarmed prosternum. After a closer look it turned out that Otto (1997) mixed up the species of the different subgenera of Conocephalus especially concerning the placement in the subgenus Conocephalus. The resulting confusion was never corrected (OSFO 18 May 2018). So we studied older revisions (e.g. Karny 1907, Rehn & Hebard 1915, Uvarov 1928, Pitkin 1980), and/or the descriptions of the species listed at present in the subgenus Conocephalus according to OSFO and transferred the species with armed prosternum to Anisoptera (see below). An unarmed prosternum is the key character of Conocephalus (Conocephalus) (see e.g., Karny 1912, Harz 1969a, b). These remaining "true" Conocephalus (Conocephalus) are also listed below. From the group of species formerly included in C. (Conocephalus) and now not assignable to subgenera (see below), most species have tegmina much longer than the pronotum, have been described before 1870 and were considered as doubtful species by Karny (1912). Species listed erroneously as Conocephalus, subgenus Conocephalus in OSFO (5 May 2018) and herewith transferred to subgenus Anisoptera (references fide OSFO, not all checked) aigialus Rehn & Hebard, 1915, angustivertex Pitkin, 1980, armatipes (Karsch, 1893), attenuatus (Scudder, 1869), bidentatus Shi & Zheng, 1994, brevipennis (Scudder, 1862), caudalis (Walker, 1869), chavesi (Bolívar, 1905a), cognatus (Redtenbacher, 1891), doryphorus (Karny, 1907), ebneri Harz, 1966, exitiosus (McNeill, 1901), fulmeki (Ebner, 1927), gracillimus Morse, 1901, hygrophilus Rehn & Hebard, 1915, inconspicuus (Karny, 1920), infumatus (Redtenbacher, 1891), kisi Harz, 1967, meadowsae Harz, 1970, nemoralis (Scudder, 1875), nigropleuroides Fox, 1912, nigropleurum (Bruner, 1891), occidentalis (Morse, 1901), peringueyi Uvarov, 1928, recticaudus Bruner, 1915, redtenbacheri (Bolívar, 1905b), resinus (Saussure & Pictet, 1898), spartinae (Fox, 1912), trivittatus (Stål, 1861), tumidus Pitkin, 1980, tumultuosus Willemse, 1942, willemsei Pitkin, 1980. Species listed erroneously as Conocephalus, subgenus Conocephalus in OSFO (5 May 2018) and herewith left unassignable to subgenus level (see above) amabilis (Stål, 1861), posticus (Walker, 1869), punctipennis (Walker, 1869), tenellus (Walker, 1869), tenuis (Walker, 1869), hecticus (Gerstaecker, 1869), stramineus (Haan, 1843), cercorum Sjöstedt, 1926 (photo in OSFO: holotype is a male nymph). Also C. grebenchikovi Uvarov, 1942 is placed here, because it is very similar to C. kisi (Willemse et al. 2016, 2018) but is described as missing the prosternal spines. The type and single known specimen, however, seems to be missing (Harz 1969b). Complete list of species of Conocephalus, subgenus Conocephalus, based on OSFO (5 May 2018) bambusanus Ingrisch, 1990 (including abispinatus Xia & Liu, 1992; syn. of bambusanus according Liu & Zhang 2007, Zhou et al. 2010), basutoanus Chopard, 1955, bispinatus Pitkin, 1980, brevivalvus (Shi, Wang & Fu, 2005), brincki Chopard, 1955, conocephalus (Linnaeus, 1767), differentus Shi & Liang, 1997, emeiensis Shi & Zheng, 1999, lugubris (Redtenbacher, 1891), obtectus Karny, 1907, saltans (Scudder, 1872), somali (Burr in Peel et al., 1900), sulcifrontis Xia & Liu, 1992, tridens Hebard, 1933, xiai Liu & Zhang, 2007., Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from São Tomé & Príncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on pages 51-52, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Serville, J. G. A. 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Mangomaloba angustipennis Chopard, 1958 Chopard, 1958: Mangomaloba angustipennis Chopard, 1958 Known only from the male holotype from Pr��ncipe, Roca Infante Dom Henrique, Published as part of Heller, Klaus-Gerhard, 2019, Provisional checklist of the Tettigonioidea (Insecta: Orthoptera) from S��o Tom�� & Pr��ncipe with taxonomic remarks, bioacoustical data and the description of new taxa, pp. 41-66 in Zootaxa 4563 (1) on page 45, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4563.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/2600944, {"references":["Chopard, L. (1958) Mission du Museum dans les iles du Golfe de Guinee. Entom. 6. Orthopteroides. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 63, 73 - 85."]}