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Based on the analysis of Chinese medical device standardization situation, providing recommendations for the development strategy of Chinese medical device standardization proceed from the duty and advantage of standardized participation.

In this paper, we consider the practical set stability problem of a switched nonlinear system, in which every subsystem has one unique equilibrium point and these equilibrium points are different from each other. Based on the new concepts such as e-practical set stability and a τ-persistent switching law, we explicitly construct a closed bounded set Γ and prove that under an appropriate τ-persistent switching law the switched system is e-practically (asymptotically) set stable with respect to Γ. Finally, we present a numerical example to illustrate the results obtained.

Color is related closely to human beings. Human life and habitat are full of colors. Color reflects human civilization and spiritual demands. It takes on the responsibility of embellishing life and beautifying environment. Karl Marx once said, the feel for color is the most popular form of general esthetics. With the rapid development of landscape architecture in our country, landscape architecture design has a higher and higher demand of color combination design, which means color planning in landscape design has become a typical issue.

In flotation processes, concentrate grade is the key production index but is difficult to be measured online. The mechanism models reflect the basic tendency of concentrate grade changes but cannot provide adequate prediction precision. The data-driven models based on froth image features provide accurate prediction within well-sampled space but rely heavily on sample data with less generalization capability. So, a hybrid intelligent model combining the two kinds of model is proposed in this paper. Since the information of image features is enormous, and the relationship between image features and concentrate grade is nonlinear, a B-spline partial least squares (BS-PLS) method is adopted to construct the data-driven model for concentrate grade prediction. In order to gain better generalization capability and prediction accuracy, information entropy is introduced to integrate the mechanism model and the BS-PLS model together and modify the model output online through an output deviation compensation strategy. Moreover, a slide window scheme is employed to update the hybrid model in order to improve its adaptability. The industrial practical data testing results show that the performance of the hybrid model is better than either of the two single models and it satisfies the accuracy and stability requirements in industrial applications.

Colour displays a vital role in the exhibition environment especially in Exhibition space. Illumination, show of the exhibits’ colour and details, and atmosphere creation can’t work without colour. But both natural colour and artificial colour do harm to the exhibits, which will reduce the strength of the paint and material, even because the paint fading and paper curl. The damage can’t be recovered, and the exhibits will not exist anymore if the colour design is ignored. So the relationship between the exhibits protection and the art visual will become one of the core issues of exhibition space design research.

The grinding-classification is the prerequisite process for full recovery of the nonrenewable minerals with both production quality and quantity objectives concerned. Its natural formulation is a constrained multiobjective optimization problem of complex expression since the process is composed of one grinding machine and two classification machines. In this paper, a hybrid differential evolution (DE) algorithm with multi-population is proposed. Some infeasible solutions with better performance are allowed to be saved, and they participate randomly in the evolution. In order to exploit the meaningful infeasible solutions, a functionally partitioned multi-population mechanism is designed to find an optimal solution from all possible directions. Meanwhile, a simplex method for local search is inserted into the evolution process to enhance the searching strategy in the optimization process. Simulation results from the test of some benchmark problems indicate that the proposed algorithm tends to converge quickly and effectively to the Pareto frontier with better distribution. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to solve a multiobjective optimization model of a grinding and classification process. Based on the technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), the satisfactory solution is obtained by using a decision-making method for multiple attributes.

Through the analysis of the current drug testing market, this paper discussion the meeting of creating "Drug Testing in China" brand on the concept of scientific testing.

The endogenous CO 2 emissions are mainly from construction equipments powered with fossil fuel combustion at highway tunnel building period. These emissions from construction fossil fuel including gas, diesel, oil, coal and asphalt, are modeled and calculated to assess the effectiveness of highway construction. This paper selects a highway in western China as a case study to focus on the endogenous CO 2 emission during tunnel construction. It summarizes the results of field research that used a scientific literature. The formulary of counting methodologies of CO 2 emission considering the endogenous components is built up for highway tunnel construction. The oriented-diesel CO 2 emissions are at high level with the proportion of over 90% in comparison with other fuel types in tunnel building. The average endogenous CO 2 emission of tunnel construction is with the default value of 2911.5 kg/m. The research that produced these results should be continued to observe more highway tunnels of the same region in order to refine the current data and also gather data from other highways.

The processes of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emissions from highway life cycle are identified. The emissions from whole highway life cycle are composed by the parts of construction and operation periods, respectively, which are greatly influenced to each other. Meanwhile, GHG emissions at highway full periods can be separated into the endogenous and exogenous components, between which is interrelated and not all nonlinear relationship. The formulary of counting methodologies of GHG emission considering the endogenous and exogenous components is built up not only for highway infrastructure construction but also for operation in its life cycle. The model of GHG emission reduction caused by optimization measures is also set up based on the formulary of counting methodologies.

This paper sets forth on the development and evolution of the pattern designs in the Tang Dynasty. In addition, it expatiates on the necessary relationship between the pattern designs and the Chinese modern landscape designs, taking the modern landscape designs as its carrier. It explains at some length the pattern designs in the Tang Dynasty' application as well as influences on the modern landscape designs. This paper takes the pattern designs in the Tang Dynasty as the breakthrough point, and takes the landscape designs as the research area. In this way, it expounds on the intercommunity and the adoptability of arts. Taking factual theory as the reality basis, this paper makes a conclusion through the field research. Meaningful exploration on the application of the art of pattern designs in the Tang Dynasty into the modern landscape designs are set foot in.

The interactive projection systems have been widely used in people's life. Currently the major type is based on interactive whiteboard (IWB). In recent years, a new type based on CCD/CMOS sensor is greatly developed. Compared to IWB, CCD/CMOS implements non-contact sensing, which can use any surface as the projection screen. This makes them more flexible in many applications. However, the main defect is that the location accuracy and tracing speed are limited by the resolution and frame rate of the CCD/CMOS. In this paper, we introduced our recent progress on constructing a new type of non-contact interactive projection system by using a two-dimensional position sensitive detector (PSD). The PSD is an analog optoelectronic position sensor utilizing photodiode surface resistance, which provides continuous position measuring and features high position resolution (better than 1.5μm) and high speed response (less than 1μs). By using the PSD, both high positioning resolution and high tracing speed can be easily achieved. A specially designed pen equipped with infrared LEDs is used as a cooperative target. A high precision signal processing system is designed and optimized. The nonlinearity of the PSD as well as the aberration of the camera lens is carefully measured and calibrated. Several anti-interference methods and algorithms are studied. Experimental results show that the positioning error is about 2mm over a 1200mm×1000mm projection screen, and the sampling rate is at least 100Hz.

In this paper, we propose a novel model for unsupervised Chinese event extraction. We use a multi-information fusion technique to combine two kinds of information for knowledge representation of event instances: language features and structure information. Then, we perform our proposed XLS-means Clustering Algorithm to group the candidate event instances into a "natural" number of clusters, which can fully take into account the similarity of both their language and structure information. The experimental results on ACE2005 Chinese corpus show that our model can achieve better performance than other unsupervised methods.

Relation Extraction is an important research field in Information Extraction. In this paper, we present a novel mixed model to extract relation between named entities in Chinese, which combines the merits of both feature based method and tree kernel based method. Feature based method captures the language information of the text, while, the tree kernel based method shows the structured information of the text. We evaluate the proposed model on the ACE(Automatic Content Extraction) 2005 corpus. The experiments show that our model can identify the majority of the non-relational instances and also has a good precision and recall rate on the identification of various relation types.

Endothelium has long been considered both a source and a target of systemic inflammation. However, to what extent endothelial activation contributes to systemic inflammation remains unclear. This study addresses the relative contribution of endothelial activation to systemic inflammation and multiple organ dysfunction and injury (MOD/I) in an E. coli peritonitis model of sepsis. We prevented endothelial activation using transgenic (TG) mice that conditionally overexpress a mutant I-kappaBalpha, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, selectively on endothelium. TG mice and their transgene negative littermates (WT) were injected with saline or E. coli (10(8) CFU per mouse). At 7 h after E. coli infection, markers of systemic inflammation, endothelial activation, and MOD/I were assessed. WT-E. coli mice showed significantly increased serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1; tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1; endothelial leakage index in heart, lungs, liver, and kidney; significantly increased serum levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine; and increased mortality. Blockade of NF-kappaB-mediated endothelial activation in TG mice had no effects on serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1 (markers of systemic inflammation), and tissue levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, but significantly reduced tissue levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 (markers of endothelial inflammation and activation) in those four organs. TG-E. coli mice displayed reversed endothelial leakage index; reduced serum levels of AST, ALT, BUN, and creatinine; and improved survival. Our data demonstrate that endothelial NF-kappaB-driven inflammatory response contributes minimally to systemic inflammation, but plays a pivotal role in septic MOD/I, suggesting that endothelium is mainly a target rather than a source of systemic inflammation.

Although the role of systemic activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway in septic coagulation has been well documented, little is known about the contribution of endothelial-specific NF-kappaB signaling in this pathologic process. Here, we used transgenic mice that conditionally overexpress a mutant I-kappaBalpha, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, selectively on endothelium, and their wild-type littermates to define the role of endothelial-specific NF-kappaB in septic coagulation. In wild-type mice, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge (5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) caused markedly increased plasma markers of coagulation, decreased plasma fibrinogen level, and widespread tissue fibrin deposition, which were abrogated by endothelial NF-kappaB blockade in transgenic mice. Endothelial NF-kappaB blockade inhibited tissue factor expression in endothelial cells, but not in leukocytes. Endothelial NF-kappaB blockade did not inhibit LPS-induced tissue factor expression in heart, kidney, and liver. Endothelial NF-kappaB blockade prevented LPS down-regulation of endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR) and thrombomodulin protein expressions, inhibited tissue tumor necrosis factor-alpha converting enzyme activity, reduced EPCR shedding, and restored plasma protein C level. Our data demonstrate that endothelial intrinsic NF-kappaB signaling plays a pivotal role in septic coagulation and suggests a link between endothelial-specific NF-kappaB activation and the impairment of the thrombomodulin-protein C-EPCR anticoagulation pathway.

This correspondence is concerned with the robust stability for a class of impulsive switched systems under the LQ guaranteed cost control. Some results on robust stability for this class of impulsive switched systems are obtained. Sufficient conditions for the existence of a guaranteed cost control law are also given. Subject to these sufficient conditions, the closed-loop uncertain impulsive switched system under the guaranteed cost control law is robustly stable with a guaranteed cost value.

Triptolide is one of the major active components of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) - Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHf), which has been reported to be effective in the treatment of patients with a variety of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis. However, its clinical use is restricted due to its scarce water solubility and some toxic effects. In order to find innovative ways for administering triptolide and alleviating its disadvantages, the novel types of delivery systems have been developed. This paper reviews the studies of triptolide- loaded nano drug delivery systems (NDDS) in our group during the past three years. The preparation, characterization, pharmacology and toxicity of triptolide-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles, microemulsions and polymeric nanoparticles were investigated. The results indicated that the NDDS presented more powerful activity and a lower toxicity in comparison with common drug carrier.

The self-assembling of DNA and cationic polymers are of interest for their biological applications. In this paper, the interaction of DNA with PAMAM was studied by agarose gel electrophoresis, size and zeta-potential measurements and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. DNA was shown to form stable complexes with PAMAM by gel electrophoresis. The mean particle size of the complexes was in the range of 150-180 nm. The zeta-potential was positive and increased with an increase of N/P ratios. Compared to naked DNA, CD spectra of complexed DNA was changed and had a decreased intensity at 270 nm. High salts and excessively low or high pH values could also result in decreased CD signals of PAMAM complexed DNA. These results provide some instructions for assembling of DNA as well as gene therapy applications

The aim of the present work was to assess the merits of nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as vehicles for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery. For the measurements, either a model drug (triamcinolone acetonide acetate, TAA) or a lipophilic fluorescent probe (nile red, NR) was encapsulated into NLCs. The NLCs with sizes of 100 nm and 350 nm diameter were prepared by high-pressure homogenization technique. The particle size with polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential and morphology were examined by photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). In vitro penetration studies involved passive penetration and iontophoresis for control (TAA ethanol solution) and TAA-NLCs formulations. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was employed to visualize the distribution of NR-NLCs after skin permeation. The overall results reveal the benefits of the combined use of iontophoresis and NLCs in improving skin penetration parameters. The NLCs with a size of 100 nm seem to be promising for iontophoretic delivery as they have shown maximum enhancement ratio and skin deposition. This is the first report of the use of NLCs as vehicles for transdermal iontophoretic drug delivery.

Realgar, one of mineral drugs in Chinese traditional medicines has attracted an increasing attention because of its prominent anti-tumor effect. However, new challenges for improving its bioavailability has to be faced. Our previous studies have demonstrated that realgar nanoparticles may provide a less toxic agent for anti-neoplasia by suppressing angiogenesis. In the present study, we improved milling process, prepared raw realgar particles and realgar nanoparticles with the same background Asinf2/infOinf3/infconcentrations and compared their cytoxcity to promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells including inhibiting cell growth, inducing oxidative stress. It was found that treatment with realgar nanoparticles resulted in considerably low cell viability compared with raw realgar particles. On the other hand, treatement with realgar nanoparticles promoted the generations of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibited the activity of catalase (CAT), which was accompanied by lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, especially the loss of its free thiols, whereas such events was not observed in HL-60 cells exposed to raw realgar particles. These results suggest that realgar nanoparticles are superior over raw realgar particles for their cytotoxicity including inhibition of cell proliferation and enhanced effects of oxidative stress, which may provide a possibility for its application in tumor therapy.

The 5th International Conference on Optimization and Control with Applications (OCA5) was held at the China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China on December 4–8, 2012. As a continuation of the OCA series, OCA5 provided an international forum for scientists, engineers, researchers and practitioners to exchange ideas and approaches, to present research findings and state-of-the-art solutions, to share experiences on potentials and limits and to open new avenues of research and developments on all issues and topics related to optimization and control. More than 200 representatives from over 20 countries and regions such as China, United States, Canada, Australia, Russia and Japan presented their latest work and discussed new progresses on optimization and control with applications. Conference participants were then invited to submit their expanded papers to Optimization Letters (OPTL). After peer reviews of all the submitted papers in accordance with the usual stringent reviewing process of OPTL, ten (10) papers have been accepted for publication in this special issue. The topics covered in this special issue include: derivative variation approaches for optimal control, primal-dual interior point methods for optimal design, penalty methods for finite-dimensional obstacle problem, modified

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare condition which is characterised by the abnormal accumulation of proteinaceous material in the alveolar spaces, with resulting impairment in oxygen exchange across the involved alveoli. The diagnosis of PAP can be established by the classic ‘milky’ effluent bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). The current effective treatment for PAP is whole-lung lavage (WLL). We offer one case of PAP with apparent presentations and the clinical course. This report provides some information about the diagnosis and treatment of PAP (see PAP video online). A 39-year-old man, an ex-smoker, was brought to our respiratory department due to dry cough and progressive exertional dyspnoea for 7 months. He had …