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Introduction: Nursing Documentation is captured in different formats and contains valuable information concerning progression and status of patients. For secondary use purposes mainly data elements from structured documentation is used. But also the content from free-text documentation can be a valuable[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 62. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Medizinische Informatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie e.V. (GMDS)

Inhibitory control, the ability to overcome prepotent but ineffective behaviors, has been studied extensively across species, revealing the involvement of this ability in many different aspects of life. While various different paradigms have been created in order to measure inhibitory control, only a limited number of studies have investigated whether such measurements indeed evaluate the same underlying mechanism, especially in non-human animals. In humans, inhibitory control is a complex construct composed of distinct behavioral processes rather than of a single unified measure. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the validity of inhibitory control paradigms in dogs. Sixty-seven dogs were tested in a battery consisting of frequently used inhibitory control tests. Additionally, dog owners were asked to complete an impulsivity questionnaire about their dog. No correlation of dogs' performance across tasks was found. In order to understand whether there are some underlying behavioral aspects explaining dogs' performance across tests, we performed principle component analyses. Results revealed that three components (persistency, compulsivity and decision speed) explained the variation across tasks. The questionnaire and dogs' individual characteristics (i.e., age and sex) provided only limited information for the derived components. Overall, results suggest that no unique measurement for inhibitory control exists in dogs, but tests rather measure different aspects of this ability. Considering the context-specificity of inhibitory control in dogs and most probably also in other non-human animals, extreme caution is needed when making conclusions about inhibitory control abilities based on a single test.

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) mapping using a CO2 stimulus assesses the ability of cerebral vessels to satisfy the demand for an increase in cerebral blood flow. In recent years the number of clinical CVR exams has greatly increased1. However, so far the application of CVR mapping across the world has been variable2 due to a lack of standardisation3. Here we identify a process by which convergence and interoperability may be attained, enabling more widespread adoption of CVR in the clinic.

We measured the concentrations and isotopic compositions of He Ne and Ar in 14 fragments from 12 different meteorites: three carbonaceous chondrites six L chondrites (three most likely paired) one H chondrite one R chondrite and one ungrouped chondrite. The data obtained for the CV3 chondrites Ramlat as Sahmah (RaS) 221 and RaS 251 support the hypothesis of exposure age peaks for CV chondrites at approximately 9Ma and 27Ma. The exposure age for Shir 033 (CR chondrite) of 7.3Ma is also indicative of a possible CR chondrite exposure age peak. The three L chondrites Jiddat al Harasis (JaH) 091 JaH 230 and JaH 296 which are most likely paired fall together with Hallingeberg into the L chondrite exposure age peak of approximately 15Ma. The two L chondrites Shelburne and Lake Torrens fall into the peaks at approximately 40Ma and 5Ma respectively. The ages for Bassikounou (H chondrite) and RaS 201 (R chondrite) are approximately 3.5Ma and 5.8Ma respectively. Six of the studied meteorites show clear evidence for 3He diffusive losses the deficits range from approximately 17 for one Lake Torrens aliquot to approximately 45 for RaS 211. The three carbonaceous chondrites RaS 221 RaS 251 and Shir 033 all have excess 4He either of planetary or solar origin. However very high 4He/20Ne ratios occur at relatively low 20Ne/22Ne ratios which is unexpected and needs further study. The measured 40Ar ages fit well into established systematics. They are between 2.5 and 4.5Ga for the carbonaceous chondrites older than 3.6Ga for the L and H chondrites and about 2.4Ga for the R chondrite as well as for the ungrouped chondrite. Interestingly none of our studied L chondrites has been degassed in the 470Ma break up event. Using the amount of trapped 36Ar as a proxy for noble gas contamination due to terrestrial weathering we are able to demonstrate that the samples studied here are not or only very slightly affected by terrestrial weathering (at least in terms of their noble gas budget).

Lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows (n = 64) were used in 2 experiments to test the hypothesis that reducing dietary CP intake and improving AA balance through crystalline AA (CAA) supplementation improves apparent dietary AA utilization efficiency for milk production and increases transcript abundance of genes encoding Lys transporter proteins in mammary tissue. In Exp. 1, 40 sows were assigned to 1 of 4 diets: 1) high CP (HCP; 16.0% CP, as-fed basis; analyzed concentration), 2) medium-high CP (MHCP; 15.7% CP), 3) medium-low CP (MLCP; 14.3% CP), and 4) low CP (LCP; 13.2% CP). The HCP diet was formulated using soybean meal and corn as the only Lys sources. The reduced-CP diets contained CAA to meet estimated requirements for essential AA that became progressively limiting with reduction in CP concentration, that is, Lys, Ile, Met + Cys, Thr, Trp, and Val. Dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys concentration was 80% of the estimated requirement. In Exp. 2, 24 sows were assigned to the HCP or LCP diets. In Exp. 1, blood samples were postprandially collected 15 h on d 3, 7, 14, and 18 of lactation and utilization efficiency of dietary AA for milk production was calculated during early (d 3 to 7) and peak (d 14 to 18) lactation. Efficiency values were estimated from daily SID AA intakes and milk AA yield, with corrections for maternal AA requirement for maintenance and AA contribution from body protein losses. In Exp. 2, mammary tissue was biopsied on d 4 and 14 of lactation to determine the mRNA abundance of genes encoding Lys transporter proteins. In peak lactation, Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val utilization efficiency increased with decreasing dietary CP (linear for Trp and Val, P < 0.05; in sows fed the MHCP diet vs. sows fed the HCP diet for Lys and Thr, P < 0.05). Total essential and nonessential 15-h postprandial serum AA concentrations increased with decreasing dietary CP (linear, P = 0.09 and P < 0.05, respectively), suggesting increased maternal body protein mobilization. Transcript abundance of several genes involved in Lys transport in mammary tissue did not differ between sows fed the LCP and HCP diets. Feeding lactating sows low-CP diets supplemented with CAA increases the efficiency of utilizing dietary Lys, Thr, Trp, and Val for milk protein production but is unrelated to abundance in mRNA of genes encoding Lys transport proteins in the mammary gland. Dietary Lys utilization for milk protein production in lactating sows appears to be optimized when crystalline Lys is included at a minimum of 0.10% in a diet containing 15.70% CP.

Purpose The statistical power of functional MRI (fMRI) group studies is significantly hampered by high intersubject spatial and magnitude variance. We recently presented a vascular autocalibration method (VasA) to account for vascularization differences between subjects and hence improve the sensitivity in group studies. Here, we validate the novel calibration method by means of direct comparisons of VasA with more established measures of baseline venous blood volume (and indirectly vascular reactivity), the M‐value. Methods Seven healthy volunteers participated in two 7 T (T) fMRI experiments to compare M‐values with VasA estimates: (i) a hypercapnia experiment to estimate voxelwise M‐value maps, and (ii) an fMRI experiment using visual stimulation to estimate voxelwise VasA maps. Results We show that VasA and M‐value calibration maps show the same spatial profile, providing strong evidence that VasA is driven by local variations in vascular reactivity as reflected in the M‐value. Conclusion The agreement of vascular reactivity maps obtained with VasA when compared with M‐value maps confirms empirically the hypothesis that the VasA method is an adequate tool to account for variations in fMRI response amplitudes caused by vascular reactivity differences in healthy volunteers. VasA can therefore directly account for them and increase the statistical power of group studies. The VasA toolbox is available as a statistical parametric mapping (SPM) toolbox, facilitating its general application. Magn Reson Med 78:1168–1173, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Intense, few-cycle pulses in the terahertz frequency range have strong potential for schemes of control over vibrational modes in solid-state materials in the electronic ground-state. Here we report an experiment using single cycle terahertz pulses to directly excite lattice vibrations in the ferroelectric material $\mathrm{Sn_2P_2S_6}$ and ultrafast x-ray diffraction to quantify the resulting structural dynamics. A model of a damped harmonic oscillator driven by the transient electric field of the terahertz pulses describes well the movement of the Sn$^{2+}$ ion along the ferroelectric soft mode. Finally, we describe an anharmonic extension of this model which predicts coherent switching of domains at peak THz-frequency fields of 790 kV/cm., 5 pages, 4 figures. Supplementary material 1 page

Forty lactating multiparous Yorkshire sows were used to test the hypothesis that reducing dietary CP and supplementing with crystalline amino acids (CAA) increases dietary N utilization for milk production during early and peak lactation. Sows were assigned to 1 of 4 diets: 1) 16.0% CP (as-fed; analyzed contents; HCP); 2) 15.7% CP (MHCP); 3) 14.3% CP (MLCP); 4) 13.2% CP (LCP); diet HCP was formulated using soybean meal and corn as the only Lys sources. The reduced CP diets contained CAA to meet requirements of the limiting AA. Sow and piglet BW were measured on d 1, 3, 7, 14, 18, and 21 of lactation. Nitrogen retention was measured on sows between d 3 and 7 (early) and d 14 and 18 (peak) of lactation. Milk true protein output was calculated from estimated milk yield and analyzed true protein concentration. Sow BW change (overall mean: -4.2 ± 3.37 kg over the 21-d lactation period) and average daily DM intake (overall mean: 4.05 ± 0.18 and 6.12 ± 0.20 kg/d, early and peak lactation, respectively) did not differ between diets. Nitrogen intake decreased as dietary CP concentration decreased (114.3, 106.0, 107.4, and 99.0 ± 5.29 g/d and 169.5, 168.3, 161.2, and 145.1 ± 5.29 g/d for HCP, MHCP, MLCP, and LCP in early and peak lactation, respectively; L: < 0.05). Sow loin eye area loss tended to increase as dietary CP concentration decreased (Linear (): = 0.082). Litter growth rate (LGR) over the 21-d lactation period tended to increase with decreasing dietary CP concentration (L: = 0.084). In early lactation, N retention (N intake- fecal and urinary N) and milk true protein and casein output were not affected by dietary treatment. In early lactation, as dietary CP decreased, N retained as percentage of N intake tended to increase (L: = 0.093) and estimated efficiency of using retained N for milk N output was not influenced by dietary CP concentration. In peak lactation, N retention (122.5, 123.8, 121.2, and 109.0 ± 4.88 g/d for HCP, MHCP, MLCP, and LCP, respectively) decreased (L: < 0.05), N retained as percentage of N absorbed (N intake - fecal N) increased (L: < 0.05), milk casein yield increased ( = 0.051), and estimated efficiency of using retained N for milk N output (44.5, 51.0, 54.9, and 62.9 ± 5.9% for HCP, MHCP, MLCP, and LCP, respectively) increased (L: < 0.05). Feeding lactating diets reduced in CP from 16.0% to 14.3% with CAA inclusion as partial replacement for limiting AA improved N retention and N utilization efficiency for milk protein production in peak lactation, while these effects were less pronounced in early lactation.

By parasitizing the roots of Vitis species, grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch, Phylloxeridae) is one of the most devastating pests in viticulture. Grafting susceptible scions (Vitis vinifera) to tolerant Vitis rootstocks is a common practice to control grape phylloxera in wine growing regions worldwide. However, grape phylloxera populations still develop on the roots of most grafting combinations. Questions remain as to whether or not the impact of environmental factors on grape phylloxera population dynamics is related to Vitis rootstock cultivars. In the presented field study, we investigated the influence of two closely related mature Vitis berlandieri x Vitis riparia rootstock varieties on the relations between the dynamics of root feeding grape phylloxera populations, root morphology and abiotic factors. The investigation took place on a commercial vineyard in Geisenheim/Germany on Teleki 5C/V. vinifera 'Weisser Riesling' and Kober 125AA/V. vinifera 'Weisser Riesling'. Samples of roots, attached grape phylloxera populations and soil were taken in the field 19 times between August 2007 and August 2009. Grape phylloxera population structure was recorded by the occurrence of root-feeding wingless females, fundatrices and nymphs and the pigmentation and position of root galls were assessed. Root morphological parameters were assessed using WinRhizo Pro. Soil abiotic parameters were assessed in the laboratory. Results of a principal component analysis showed rootstock related differences considering the impact of abiotic factors on grape phylloxera population structure. Especially soil temperature and soil organic matter were indicated to have a lower impact on grape phylloxera population structure on roots of 5C than on roots of 125AA. Our data indicate that ecological factors have a lower impact on the development of grape phylloxera on more supportive rootstocks., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 54 No. 3 (2015): Vitis

PurposeYang et al. proposed an MRI technique for the simultaneous acquisition of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD)-weighted MRI signals (9). The purpose of this study was to develop modified version of the Yang sequence, which utilizes the advantages of 7 Tesla, leading to a robust and reliable MRI sequence.MethodsThe inversion recovery-based MR pulse sequence introduced here involves slice-saturation slab-inversion vascular space occupancy (SI-SS-VASO) MRI, double echo planar imaging readouts for arterial spin labeling, and VASO in order to correct for BOLD contamination, and a separate BOLD acquisition to minimize inversion effects on the BOLD signal. A standard visual stimulus block design was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal characteristics of CBV-, CBF-, and BOLD-weighted images.ResultsThe high signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution of this method leads to robust activation maps. This technique enables the investigation of the differential spatial specificity and temporal characteristics of the different modalities.ConclusionThe pulse sequence could be a powerful tool for studies of neurovascular coupling, hemodynamic response, or calibrated BOLD.

International audience; Septoria tritici blotch is an important splash-dispersed disease, causing high yield losses in Europe. Plant disease propagation results from spore dispersal and susceptibility of plant tissues. An experiment was performed in order to study differents aspects of the disease dispersal cycle. Three wheat varieties with contrasted resistance levels were grown in greenhouse conditions until flowering. Plant canopies of each variety received rains of two different raindrop diameter distributions generated by a rain simulator. A linear inoculum source consisting of an aqueous suspension of spores was placed in the middle of each canopy. Horizontal and vertical spore fluxes were measured using traps composed of microscope slides. Varietal resistance was assessed in parallel. After incubation, leaves sampled in canopies were collected and scanned. Spore traps slides were photographed using a microscope combined with a digital camera. Disease area measurement and automatic spore counting were achieved using an image analysis software. Both disease and spore fluxes decreased with the distance from the inoculum source and lower mean raindrop diameter. Disease levels depended on variety and leaf level. Vertical and horizontal gradients of spore fluxes and disease varied in function of rain type and variety. Combining all these results made it possible to disentangle components of splash-dispersed disease propagation for a single dispersal event.

In the context of an interdisciplinary project on grape pests and pathogens in Rheingau (Germany), the fine root system of grafted rootstocks has been screened for pathogenic fungi associated with root galls induced by grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae (Fitch)). In several insect-induced galls, masses of resting spores of a plasmodiophorid could be seen. An additional selective screening revealed the occurrence of the plasmodiophorid parasite also in samples of gall-free rootlets: cortical cells of small necrotic areas were crowded with resting spores or other developmental stages of its life cycle. According to current taxonomic concepts, this plasmodiophorid could be identified as a member of the genus Sorosphaera Schroeter, resembling S. veronicae Schroeter. This is the first record of a plasmodiophorid parasite in grapevine., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 43 No. 4 (2004): Vitis

Research Note, VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 44 No. 2 (2005): Vitis

Sorosphaera viticola, an obligate parasite of grapevine, was first detected in 2003 in roots of Vitis berlandieri x V. riparia rootstocks in a vineyard in the German Rheingau. To estimate the distribution and the abundance of S. viticola, other German and Austrian winegrowing areas (Mosel-Saar-Ruwer, Rhineland-Palatinate, Weinviertel) were screened. Vineyards planted with different rootstocks or own-rooted V. vinifera vines were chosen to elucidate the host range of this plasmodiophorid within the genus Vitis. S. viticola was found in different V. berlandieri x V. riparia hybrids and in roots of V. vinifera. Root samples from wild V. riparia from the Niagara Peninsula (Canada) were also found to be infested by S. viticola. This is the first record of S. viticola outside of Europe., VITIS - Journal of Grapevine Research, Vol. 46 No. 1 (2007): Vitis

Health is subject to a variety of hazards, especially climatic ones. The future management of health requires urgently the development of models that incorporate climatic variables and the characteristics of ecosystems where diseases develop... without forgetting the human aspect !

This dissertation reports the results from three field experiments that were conducted within the setting of one of the leading, internationally renowned entrepreneurship education programs for primary schools called BizWorld. The first field experiment evaluates the program’s effectiveness in terms of the development of entrepreneurship knowledge and a set of non-cognitive skills relevant for entrepreneurial activity. The results indicate that the program has a robust positive effect on non-cognitive entrepreneurial skills. The aim of the second experiment is to test how skill composition affects team performance and whether (a lack of) individual balanced skills can be substituted by combining the skills of various specialists within one team. The results show that balanced skills are beneficial to team performance, and that it is hard to effectively combine different specialists within one team. The third experiment investigates how to induce sustainable behavior in a productive setting. The results indicate that, in this setting, (financial) incentives are required to effectively motivate sustainable behavior.