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A management framework (like the Business Model Canvas or SWOT) is a combination of interlinked items that support a particular approach to a specific objective. Various management frameworks are widely used even though their origins, adoption, and value remain vague. Previous research tried to decipher the adoption of these management frameworks, whereas considerably less attention was devoted to the theoretical explanation of the development and value of the frameworks. This paper investigates the nature of management frameworks in particular realms using analogical reasoning between biological and social systems, and mostly draws on memetics, intersubjective reality, and the network effect. By using memetics, the explanations on the origins of well-known frameworks are complemented. Second, the paper shows the role of the network effect in the growing value of a framework until it becomes an intersubjective reality. Finally, such a framework is explained as autopoietic within a particular realm.

V tomto článku testujeme hypotézu, že informatické články kladoucí otázky (tj. s otazníkem na konci názvu) se citují častěji než ty, které tuto vlastnost nemají. Za tímto účelem analyzujeme datovou sadu s téměř dvěma miliony záznamů o odborných článcích v počítačových oborech, jež jsou indexovány v databázi Web of Science, a zaměřujeme svou pozornost na průměrnou citovanost příspěvků v jejích specifických podmnožinách. Hlavním poznatkem je, že průměrná citovanost tzv. „dotazujících se článků“ je o téměř 20 % vyšší než u jiných příspěvků a že tento rozdíl je statisticky významný. In this article, we test the hypothesis that computer science papers asking questions (i.e., those with a question mark at the end of their title) are cited more frequently than those that do not have this property. To this end, we analyze a data set of almost two million records on computer science papers indexed in the Web of Science database and focus our investigation on the mean number of citations per paper of its specific subsets. The main finding is that the average number of citations per paper of the so-called “asking papers” is greater by almost 20% than that of other papers, and that this difference is statistically significant.

Razvojem sve većeg broja programskih proizvoda za razvoj video igara performanse istih postaju sve bitnije kako bi razvojna okruženja ostala konkurentna na tržištu. Unreal Engine 4 (razvojno okruženje) jedna je od platformi za razvoj računalnih igara i za razliku od većine razvojnih okruženja, sadrži 2 programska jezika unutar softvera koji se značajno razlikuju po procesu izrade, tijeku rada, brzini i kvaliteti izvedbe konačne igre. Cilj rada je usporedba programskih jezika C++ i Blueprint u Unreal 4 u razvojnom okruženju. U svrhu usporedbe izrađene su dvije računalne igre koje se ne razlikuju izgledom i rasporedom razina, već je jedina razlika u pozadini, odnosno u programskim jezicima koji pokreću mehanike igara. Kroz rad je dokumentiran i uspoređen razvoj igara u oba programska jezika, te su analizirane prednosti i nedostatci finalnih igara i uspoređene su njihove performanse. Nakon analize broja slika u sekundi i utjecaja broja objekata na performanse igara u oba programska jezika vidljivo je da C++ programski jezik ima bolje performanse u finalnoj igri, a istovremeno je razvoj igre u ovom programskom jeziku brži i u mnogim slučajevima i jednostavan u odnosu na Blueprint programski jezik. With the development and a growing number of software products for the development of video games, their performance is becoming increasingly important in order for game engines to remain competitive in the market. Unreal Engine 4 (game engine) is one of the platforms for computer game development and unlike most development environments, it contains 2 programming languages within the software that are significantly different from each other. The aim of this thesis is to compare programming languages C ++ and Blueprint in the Unreal Engine 4 environment. For the purpose of comparison, two computer games were made that look identical visually and do not differ in layout of levels, the only difference is in the programming languages that drive the mechanics of the game. The comparison of programming languages contains the advantages of both languages and a comparison of the performance of the finished games. After analyzing the number of frames per second and the influence of the number and type of objects on the performance of games for both programming languages, C ++ programming language has better performance in the final game, and at the same time the game development in this programming language is in the programming language.

Iako STEM, preciznije ICT sektor, robotika i elektrotehnika za žensku populaciju nisu više strani pojmovi i sve više žena odlučuje se upravo za taj pravac u karijeri, znatna razlika u interesima među spolovima i dalje je prisutna. Kako bi se pronašao uzrok, a time i potencijalno rješenje, u ovom radu ispitana su četiri cilja: utvrditi u kojoj mjeri spol utječe na interese iz tri školska predmeta (matematike, informatike i tehničke kulture), utvrditi utjecaj najuže obitelji na stavove učenika iz navedena tri predmeta, provjeriti postoje li stereotipi prema spolu među učenicima kada se radi o programiranju te kako ženska figura u obitelji utječe na njihove stavove, odnosno umanjuje li stereotipe ukoliko postoje, provjeriti postoje li stereotipi prema spolu među učenicima kada se radi o robotici te kako ženska figura u obitelji utječe na njihove stavove, odnosno umanjuje li stereotipe ukoliko postoje. U radu je provjereno i kako razmišljaju dječaci, a kako djevojčice kada se radi o konfiguracijama robota, kakvi ih oblici više privlače, odnosno odbijaju, kako bi se dobila okvirna slika za buduće radionice kojima je cilj privući što više djevojčica i potaknuti njihov interes. Even though STEM, more precisely the ICT sector, robotics, and electrical engineering are no longer unknown for the female population and more and more women are choosing this path in their careers, a significant difference in interests between the sexes is still present. To find the cause, and thus the potential solution, this paper examines four goals: the influence of gender on interests for three school subjects (mathematics, informatics, and technical culture), to determine the influence of the family on students' attitudes from these three school subjects, to check whether there are gender stereotypes among students when it comes to programming and how the female figure in the family affects their attitudes, or whether it reduces stereotypes if there are any, to check whether there are gender stereotypes among students when it comes to robotics and how the female figure in the family influences their attitudes, whether it diminishes stereotypes if they exist. The paper also examines how boys and girls think about robot configurations, what shapes attract or repel them more, to get a rough picture for future workshops aimed at attracting as many girls as possible and stimulating their interest.

Bone fractures are among the main reasons for emergency room admittance and require a rapid response from doctors. Bone fractures can be severe and can lead to permanent disability if not treated correctly and rapidly. Using X-ray imaging in the emergency room to detect fractures is a challenging task that requires an experienced radiologist, a specialist who is not always available. The availability of an automatic tool for image classification can provide a second opinion for doctors operating in the emergency room and reduce the error rate in diagnosis. This study aims to increase the existing state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks’ performance by using various ensemble techniques. In this approach, different CNNs (Convolutional Neural Networks) are used to classify the images, rather than choosing the best one, a stacking ensemble provides a more reliable and robust classifier. The ensemble model outperforms the results of individual CNNs by an average of 10%.

Mobiteli u današnje vrijeme obilježavaju naše živote. Bez njih život bi bio potpuno drugačiji te potreba za mrežnom povezanosti je sve veća. Sa sve većom potrebom za mobilnim uređajima, dolazi i sve veća potreba za njihovom boljom povezanošću. Tako dolazi i do unaprjeđenja mobilnih mreža koje nam omogućuju komunikaciju s drugim korisnicima. Najnovija, peta generacija, telekomunikacijskih sustava, tzv. 5G, nudi razne mogućnosti te je kao takva poboljšala komunikaciju, pretraživanje Interneta kao i razmjenu raznih sadržaja putem naših mobilnih uređaja. Tema rada bazira se na ovoj, petoj, generaciji mobilne mreže. No, kako je ova tehnologija u svojoj uzlaznoj putanji, pred njom su i razni izazovi pa se radi na tome da se uz pomoć raznih drugih tehnologija (konkretno IoT – Internet of Things) 5G će dovesti do jedne od najvećih tehnoloških transformacija u našem životu, s neograničenim mogućnostima. Ne samo da će transformirati živote, već će im pomoći i spasiti ih optimiziranim hitnim službama i smanjenjem prometnih nesreća. U rasponu od povezanih automobila do povezanih krava, ovaj novi industrijski standard promijenit će sve. Cell phones are marking our lives these days. Without them, life would be completely different and the need for network connectivity is growing. With the growing need for mobile devices, comes the growing need for better connectivity. Thus, there is an improvement in mobile networks that allow us to communicate with other users. The latest, fifth generation, telecommunications systems, the so-called. 5G, offers various possibilities and as such has improved communication, Internet browsing as well as the exchange of various content via our mobile devices. The topic of the paper is based on this, the fifth, generation of the mobile network. However, as this technology is on its upward trajectory, it faces various challenges, so we are working on the fact that with the help of various other technologies (specifically IoT - Internet of Things) 5G will lead to one of the greatest technological transformations in our lives, with unlimited possibilities. Not only will it transform lives, but it will help and save them with optimized emergency services and reduced accidents. Ranging from connected cars to connected cows, this new industry standard has changed will all.

Pembelajaran di kelas yang tidak interaktif dapat disebabkan mayoritas mahasiswa yang tidak mampu memahami materi dari dosen, sehingga tidak muncul umpan balik dari mahasiswa. Hal ini menjadikan dosen tidak bisa secara efektif mengukur tingkat keberhasilan pembelajaran. Makalah ini mengusulkan model aplikasi gamification pada smartphone untuk pembelajaran di kelas. Aplikasi dirancang untuk menunjang interaksi dosen dan mahasiswa di kelas. Proses perancangan aplikasi dilakukan sebagai penelitian desain melalui beberapa tahap, yakni identifikasi masalah, menentukan tujuan solusi, desain dan pengembangan solusi, demonstrasi solusi, evaluasi, dan komunikasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk dosen dan metode kuantitatif untuk mahasiswa. Metode kualitatif menggunakan wawancara untuk mengukur kesiapan dosen dalam menggunakan TI serta pengalaman gamifikasi dalam pembelajaran. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan kuesioner COLLES yang dikombinasikan dengan skala penilaian kesiapan Aydin dan Tasci. Kuesioner COLLES digunakan untuk mengukur capaian mutu, pengetahuan dan keaktifan mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran berbantuan aplikasi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada enam variabel, yaitu Tutor Support (nilai 3.98), Peer Support (3.94), Relevance (3.65), Interactivity (3.72), Reflection (3.42) dan Interpretation (3.57). Nilai rata-rata pengukuran berada pada rentang antara 3.5 dan 4.2, yang bermakna “siap namun perlu sedikit perbaikan”. Hasil wawancara dan kuesioner tersebut menjadi dasar perancangan model aplikasi gamification pada smartphone untuk pembelajaran di kelas.

U hrvatskom obrazovnom sustavu računalno razmišljanje i programiranje istaknute su vještine u sklopu nastavnog predmeta Informatika. Računalno razmišljanje je univerzalna vještina primjenjiva u svakodnevnom rješavanju problema, a učenje programiranja razvija socijalne i kognitivne vještine učenika te interdisciplinarno razmišljanje, inovativnost i stvaralaštvo. U ovom radu istaknuti su ciljevi informatičkog obrazovanja u suvremenom obrazovnom sustavu, a posebno je izdvojena informatička domena Računalno razmišljanje i programiranje. Rad sadrži kratke preglede razvoja mišljenja o računalnom razmišljanju, praktične načine poučavanja uvodnog ili početnog programiranja za učenike osnovnih škola, a također su navedene i bitne karakteristike jezika za poučavanje programiranja. Programiranje se ističe kao bitna vještina 21. stoljeća, stoga je u interesu istraživanja bilo dobiti uvid u stavove mlađih generacija. Cilj rada je bio razmotriti programiranje iz perspektive učenika osnovne škole. Odnosno, cilj istraživanja je bio utvrditi percepciju i popularnost programiranja među učenicima; kako učenici gledaju na programiranje te zanima li ih savladati tu vještinu. In the Croatian educational system computational thinking and programming are prominent skills within the school subject Informatics. Computational thinking is a universal skill applicable in everyday problem solving while learning programming develops students' social and cognitive skills as well as interdisciplinary thinking, inventiveness, and creativity. This paper highlights the goals of IT education in the modern educational system, and it discusses the domain of Computational Thinking and Programming in particular. The paper contains brief overviews of thought development on computational thinking, practical ways of teaching introductory or initial programming for primary school students, and it also lists the important characteristics of educational programming languages. Programming stands out as an essential skill of the 21st century, so it was in the interest of research to gain insight into the attitudes of the younger generations. The aim of the paper was to consider programming from the perspective of primary school students. That is, the aim of the research was to determine the perception and popularity of programming among students; how students view programming and whether they are interested in mastering this skill.

Objavljena dela raziskovalcev je v bibliografskih zbirkah podatkov pogosto težko sistematično poiskati. Avtorji so predstavljeni z različnimi okrajšavami in oblikami imen, imajo soimenjake ipd. Enolična identifikacija bi bila možna z identifikatorji kot so ORCID, WOS-ID ali Scopus-ID. V našem delu smo preverili stanje na tem področju za raziskovalce Oddelka za agronomijo BF UL (OA). Preliminarna analiza je pokazala, da so podatki pomanjkljivi, zato smo raziskovalcem poslali navodila za izboljšave. Ker tudi kasneje številni podatki še niso bili ustrezno urejeni, smo lahko najbolj popolno bibliometrično analizo za OA pripravili s pomočjo identifikatorjev Scopus-ID, ki se generirajo avtomatsko. Analiza z uporabo analitičnega orodja v Scopusu kaže, da raziskovalci večinoma objavljajo v revijah, ki so klasificirane s predmetno kategorijo Agricultural and Biological Sciences. Revije, v katerih najpogosteje objavljajo so Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Acta Horticulturae in Scientia Horticulturae. S programom VOSviewer smo pripravili vizualizacijo za avtorstvo, sodelovanje, citiranost, izbor revij za objavo in vsebinsko analizo. Rezultati kažejo, da je večina dokumentov napisanih v soavtorstvu slovenskih avtorjev, zlasti v okviru kateder oddelka. Raziskovalci v zadnjem obdobju manj sodelujejo s soavtorji iz ZDA in nekoliko več iz evropskih držav (Nemčija, Srbija, Italija in Hrvaška). Z vidika citiranja se skupina za hortikulturo manj povezuje z ostalimi področji, kar se kaže tudi pri sopojavljanju konceptov. Iz vidika vsebine izstopi nekaj večjih področij: rastlinska genetika, kemijska analiza sadnih rastlin, onesnaženost tal, varstvo rastlin in drugo. Published works of researchers are often difficult to find systematically in bibliographic databases. Authors are denoted by various abbreviations and name forms, have namesakes, etc. Unique identification would be possible through the use of identifiers such as ORCID, WOS-ID or Scopus-ID. In our work, we examined the state in this field for the researchers of the Department of Agronomy BF UL. A preliminary analysis showed that the data was deficient so we provided the researchers with the instructions for improvements. As the data remained insufficiently edited, we were able to prepare the most complete bibliometric analysis for the department using Scopus-ID identifiers, which are generated automatically. An analysis utilising the Scopus analytical tool indicates that the researchers most often publish in journals classified in the subject category of Agricultural and Biological Sciences. The journals in which they most often publish are Acta agriculturae Slovenica, Acta Horticulturae and Scientia Horticulturae. Using the VOSviewer program, we prepared a visualisation for the authorship, collaboration and citation as well as the publishing journals and content analysis. The results show that the majority of the documents is co-authored by Slovenian authors, especially within the departments. In the recent period, the researchers have been collaborating less with co-authors from the USA and slightly more from the European countries (Germany, Serbia, Italy and Croatia). From the viewpoint of citation, the horticulture group is less connected with other areas, which is also reflected in the co-occurrence of concepts. From the perspective of content, several major areas stand out: plant genetics, chemical analysis of fruit plants, soil pollution, plant protection and others.

U radu će se usporediti mogućnosti Zadaća (Assignments) u MS Teamsu i Edmodu, gledano s pozicije učitelja i učenika. Predstaviti će se online istraživanje o primjeni mogućnosti Zadaća na nastavi informatike, kako tijekom nastave u školi, tako i za vrijeme nastave na daljinu koje se provelo u prosincu 2020. među učenicima šestih i sedmih razreda II. osnovne škole Čakovec kako bi se dobila povratna informacija o primjeni ovih mogućnosti, gledano od strane učenika. Sudjelovanje u istraživanju bilo je anonimno, a provedeno je putem online upitnika kreiranog pomoću Google obrasca. Pitanja su se odnosila na nastavu informatike i primjenu Zadaća. Opcija Zadaća dostupna je učiteljima i učenicima kako bi se na jednom mjestu objedinile sve aktivnosti povezane s nekim zadatkom i kako bi se omogućilo jednostavno praćenje napretka učenika, davanje povratnih informacija učenicima i vođenje statistike za cijeli razred i svakog pojedinog učenika. Višegodišnje iskustvo u nastavi s obrazovnom mrežom Edmodo i nešto kraće iskustvo u radu s aplikacijom Teams, omogućilo je uočavanje nekih razlika, prednosti i nedostataka. Budući da je trenutna generacija učenika koristila Edmodo i Teams, pojavila se ideja da se provede istraživanje kako bi se dobio uvid u to kako učenici doživljavaju rad s Zadaćama na Edmodu i Teamsu. U ovom radu opisuje se provedeno istraživanje, predstavlja analiza rezultata i prikazuju se zaključci do kojih je dovelo istraživanje. Uz to, rad sadržava usporedbu mogućnosti Zadaća na Edmodu i Teamsu gledano s pozicije učitelja., The paper will compare the possibilities of Assignments in MS Teams and Edmo-do, viewed from the position of teachers and students. An online research on the application of the Possibilities task will be presented in the teaching of informatics, both during school teaching and during distance learning, which was conducted in December 2020 among sixth and seventh grade II students. elementary school Čakovec in order to get feedback on the application of these possibilities, seen by students. Participation in the survey was anonymous and was conducted through an online questionnaire created using a Google form. The questions were related to the teaching of informatics and the application of the Tasks. The Task option is available to teachers and students to bring together all the activities related to a task in one place and to allow easy monitoring of student progress, giving feedback to students and keeping statistics for the whole class and each individual student. Many years of teaching experience with the Edmodo educational network and a somewhat shorter experience working with the Teams application, made it possible to notice some differences, advantages and disadvantages. Because the current generation of students used Edmodo and Teams, the idea arose to conduct research to gain insight into how students experience working with Tasks on Edmodo and Teams. This paper describes the conducted research, presents an analysis of the results and presents the conclusions reached by the research. In addition, working with-states compares the task assignments on Edmod and Teams viewed from a teacher's position.

The revision of the Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education in the Czech Republic from 2021 introduces a new educational area called Informatics. The area has a completely different content than the former Information and Communication Technology area. It is necessary for teachers to have a sufficient number of high-quality didactic materials to choose from for teaching this new educational area. The first goal of this diploma thesis is to review teaching materials of informatics for Grade 1 to 5 of primary schools available in Czech language, and thus make it easier for teachers to find their way around them. During conducting the review, a lack of materials for teaching the principles of digital devices and basics of the principles of the Internet was noticed. The second goal is therefore to create new didactic materials for those topics. The didactic materials were created in cooperation with the Laboratory of Advanced Multimedia Education of the Faculty of Mathematics and Physics of Charles University and the children's channel of Czech Television ČT: D and are gradually published on this channel's website. KEYWORDS informatics, digital devices, digital technologies, internet, primary school, didactic material, Framework Educational Programme for Basic Education

Learning and teaching of sorting algorithms are very challenging for students and teachers as well. The issues are more highlighted in the online form of teaching which was the only form of schooling from March to June of the school year 2019/2020 in Croatia due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of visualization tools could be used for lowering the abstraction of complex programming concepts such as sorting algorithms. We conducted research among two high-school classes (n=52) in one science and mathematics high school while teaching sorting algorithms during online schooling. In the experimental group, we used visualization tools VisuAlgo and Python Tutor for teaching sorting algorithms and their implementation in Python as well. We examined students’ attitudes towards programming and online teaching as well. We present the results of the research in this paper., Učenje i poučavanje algoritama sortiranja je vrlo zahtjevno kako za učitelja tako i za učenike. Problem može biti još veći kada se nastava u cijelosti provodi u online okruženju što je bio slučaj u Republici Hrvatskoj od sredine ožujka do kraja školske godine 2019/20 zbog COVID-19 pandemije. Korištenje alata za vizualizaciju može pomoći u spuštanju razine apstrakcije pri poučavanju složenih koncepata kako bi učenici lakše razumjeli rad algoritama. U svrhu ispitivanja utjecaja korištenja alata za vizualizaciju tijekom online nastave provedeno je istraživanje u travnju i svibnju 2020. godine u dva treća razreda (n=52) jedne Prirodoslovno-matematičke gimnazije. U eksperimentalnoj grupi koristili smo alate za vizualizaciju VisuAlgo i Python Tutor za poučavanje algoritama sortiranja i implementaciju istih u Pythonu. Osim toga su ispitani i stavovi učenika o aktualnom provođenju online nastave U ovom radu su opisani provedba i rezultati navedenog istraživanja.

Obsah Použité zkratky ...................................................................................................................... 9 Úvod .................................................................................................................................... 10 Výzkumný problém a cíle práce...................................................................................... 11 Využité metody práce...................................................................................................... 12 1 Teoretická východiska................................................................................................. 13 1.1 Informatické myšlení ............................................................................................ 14 1.2 Algoritmické myšlení ........................................................................................... 18 1.2.1 Algoritmus..................................................................................................... 19 1.2.2 Vlastnosti algoritmů ...................................................................................... 20 1.2.3 Způsoby zápisu algoritmů ............................................................................. 22 1.2.4 Základní algoritmické konstrukce...

Modernizace obsahu vzdělávání v rámci výuky Informatiky, respektive informatických předmětů, v podmínkách českých základních škol je dnes relativně velmi hojně diskutované téma, neboť vzdělávací obsah a stejně tak i vyučovací metody informatických předmětů na základních školách mnohdy zůstávají léta víceméně beze změn. I když již byla tato problematika zařazena do osnov RVP pro oblast Informační a komunikační technologie a existují i příslušné vzdělávací materiály (např.: www.imysleni.cz), stále se jedná o problematiku relativně novou a samotné školy a jejich učitelé mají nyní dvouleté přechodné období, ve kterém budou tuto problematiku teprve do výuky implementovat. Jak tedy vypadá konkrétní vzdělávací obsah informatických předmětů na 1. a 2. stupni českých základních škol? Která informatická témata jsou ve skutečnosti vyučována? Objevují se ve výuce i témata, která nejsou v rámci platných kurikulárních dokumentů zakotvena či příliš akcentována? Na tyto otázky se pokusíme odpovědět v rámci předložené stati, ve které jsou uvedeny některé dílčí výstupy realizované výzkumné sondy. Modernization of the content of education in the teaching of Informatics, respectively informatic subjects, in the conditions of Czech primary schools is a relatively widely discussed topic today, as the educational content as well as teaching methods of informatic subjects in primary schools often remain more or less unchanged for years. Although, this issue has already been included in the FEP curriculum for Information and Communication Technologies, and there are relevant educational materials (e.g.: www.imysleni.cz), it is still a relatively new issue and the schools themselves and their teachers now have a two-year transition period in which this issue is yet to be implemented in teaching. So, what does the specific educational content of computer science subjects at the 1st level of Czech primary schools look like? Which computer science topics are actually taught? Are there also topics in the teaching that are not enshrined or too emphasized in the valid curricular documents? We will try to answer these questions in the presented article, in which some partial outputs of the performed research probe are presented.

469p. Gureiker . Euskal Unibertsitate Sistemako Ikerketa-Taldea (A) (IT 1112-16). Grupo de Investigación del Sistema Universitario Vasco (A) (IT 1112-16). Research Group of the Basque University System (A) (IT 1112-16). Proyecto I+D «Noticias, redes y usuarios en el sistema híbrido de medios» (2019/2021) RTI2018-095775-B-C41, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO). Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)

Mladi nastavnici informatike koji tek zasnivaju radni odnos u nastavi Informatike, prvo moraju odraditi pripravnički staž. Cilj ovog istraživanja je pokazati kako se na području Hrvatske provode stručni ispiti za pripravnike informatike, kako se kandidati pripremaju za stručni ispit i kakav je njihov dojam o provođenju istih. Razmotrit će se i dojmovi članova povjerenstva u odnosu na dojmove pripravnika. Rezultati pokazuju da se stručni ispiti u Hrvatskoj provode u četiri različita centra, u kojima postoje manje razlike u provođenju. Neki kandidati su nezadovoljni načinom provedbe ispita. Proces provođenja smatraju stresnim, dok je razina motivacije za rad u školi kod muškaraca niža nego kod žena. Ispitanici misle da se stres koji nastane prilikom pripravništva može umanjiti ako se svi bolje informiraju o cijelom procesu. Istraživanje je provedeno u dva dijela. Za prikupljanje podataka u prvom dijelu istraživanja korištena je anketa, a u drugom polustrukturirani intervju., Young informatics teachers who are just starting to work in school must first complete a traineeship. The aim of this research is to show what the professional exams for informatics trainees look like in Croatia, and how candidates prepare for their professional exams and what is their impression of conducting them. The impressions of the members of the committee in relation to the impressions of the trainees will also be considered. The results show that professional exams in Croatia are conducted in four different centres, and that there are minor differences in conducting them. Some of candidates are not satisfied with the way the exams are conducted. They find the implementation process stressful, while men show lower the level of motivation to work in school than women. Interview subjects think that the stress that arises during traineeships can be reduced if everyone get’s better informed about the whole process. The study was conducted in two parts. A poll was used to collect data in the first part of the survey, and a semi-structured interview in the second.

95 p. Descargas previas 4 The technological, economic and credibility crises that media organisations have been simultaneously grappling with during this period have coincided with the rise of new actors and platforms with a vast potential for global communication, such as Google and Facebook, and the empowerment of audiences ready and able to generate content on an unprecedented scale, especially via social networks. While conventional newspapers have attempted to cope with the ongoing transformation of the news market by implementing tepid innovations, their bid to maintain control over the defining aspects of journalistic practice has been constantly checked by the entry of new platforms, the proliferation of new spaces for debate and audiences’ growing appetite for sharing selfgenerated content. News, networks and users in the Hybrid Media System (Newsnet) is a research project funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-095775-B-C41/42/44)

Rad se temelji na teorijskom i praktičnom dijelu razvoja aplikacije za vođenje osobnih financija. U teorijskom dijelu rada prolazi se kroz teoriju u okviru vizualizacije podataka. Započinje se sa definicijom vizualizacije zatim se razrađuju neke od najkorištenijih metoda vizualizacije podatka. Nakon toga prolazi se kroz neka područja vizualizacije te se govori o pojmovima vezanim uz moderni pristup vizualizaciji podataka. Na kraju teorijskog dijela razrađuju se neki od problema kod vizualizacije podataka na mobilnim uređajima te se izvode smjernice za izradu vizualizacije podataka. U praktičnom dijelu rada se nalaze opisani UML use case i sekvencijalni dijagrami aplikacije, te potom slijedi opis implementacije i funkcionalnosti aplikacije. Aplikacija BudgetApp nudi praktično rješenje za kreiranje financijskih planova za raspolaganje osobnim budžetom, te kreiranje izvještaja na temelju planiranih i ostvarenih prihoda i troškova. Thesis is based on the theoretical and practical part of the development of applications for personal finance management. The theoretical part of the paper goes through the theory within the data visualization. It starts with the definition of visualization and then develops some of the most used methods of data visualization. After that, we go through some areas of visualization and talk about the concepts related to the modern approach to data visualization. At the end of the theoretical part, some of the problems with data visualization on mobile devices are elaborated and guidelines for creating data visualization are derived. The practical part of the paper contains the described UML use case and sequence diagrams of the application, followed by a description of the implementation and functionality of the application. The BudgetApp application offers a practical solution for creating financial plans for disposing of personal budgets and creating reports based on planned and realized revenues and expenses.

Prema aktualnom kurikulumu iz 2018. godine, Informatika je u Republici Hrvatskoj obvezan predmet u 5. i 6. razredu, a izborni predmet u ostalim razredima osnovne škole, stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja otkriti koji sve motivi, odnosno čimbenici utječu na upis Informatike kako bi se na isti potaklo što više učenika. Sudionici istraživanja su prvi učenici 7. razreda koji su upisali Informatiku kao izborni predmet nakon što im je u 5. i 6. razredu bila obvezan predmet. Rezultati pokazuju da je većini učenika stjecanje znanja i vještina najveći motiv za upisivanje. Učenici su zadovoljni načinom rada svojih nastavnika, Informatiku smatraju zanimljivom i rado je pohađaju, a tek rijetki se za upis odlučuju radi povećanja prosjeka i zabave te zbog nagovora roditelja. Što se tiče sadržaja predmeta, učenicima je Računalno razmišljanje i programiranje najzahtjevnija, a Digitalna pismenost i komunikacija najdraža domena kurikuluma., According to the current curriculum from 2018, Informatics is a compulsory subject in the 5th and 6th grade and an elective subject in other grades of primary school in the Republic of Croatia. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to examine what motives and factors are related to enrollment in Informatics. Research participants are the first 7th grade students who enrolled in Informatics as an elective subject after it was a compulsory subject in the 5th and 6th grade. The results have shown that acquiring knowledge and skills is the most important for most students. Students are satisfied with their teacher's work, they find Informatics interesting and only a few enrolled in Informatics to improve their average score, have fun or because their parents persuaded them. Students find Computer thinking and programming the most demanding and Digital literacy and communication the most interesting domain of the curriculum.

Problem rada bilo je jasno predstavljanje što je to zapravo fotorealizam, kako ga postići i gdje se on sve koristi. Kroz četiri načela, modeliranje, svijetlo, teksture ili materijali i završna obrada, opisano je kako ih pravilno treba koristiti da bi rezultati bili što bolji i da scena izgleda što realnije, što je i tema ovog rada. Kroz modeliranje stvoreni su objekti da izgledaju što realnije stvarnim objektima, pomoću svjetla, scena je uljepšana da izgleda kao uživo, nakon dodavanja tekstura scena je već izgledala fotorealistično i nakon završne obrade, poput dodavanje dubine polja, dobiveno je ono što je u radu i predstavljeno, fotorealizam. The problem with this work was a clear representation of what photorealism actually is, how to achieve it, and where it is all used. Through four principles, modeling, lighting, textures or materials and finishing, it is described how they should be used properly to make the results as good as possible and to make the scene look as realistic as possible, which is the topic of this work. Through modeling, objects are created to look as realistic as possible with real objects, with the help of light, the scene is embellished to look like real, after adding textures the scene already looks photorealistic and after post-processing, like adding depth of field, what is presented in the work is obtained, photorealism.