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201. Effect of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination on the static and dynamical characteristics of epitaxial quantum-dot lasers on silicon

Author

Shiyuan Zhao, Frédéric Grillot, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Hopf bifurcation, Physics, Condensed matter physics, Silicon, Photonic integrated circuit, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Rate equation, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, symbols.namesake, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, chemistry, law, Quantum dot laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Damping factor, symbols, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

We semianalytically and numerically investigate the static and dynamical characteristics of quantum-dot (QD) lasers directly grown on silicon by considering the Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination. The static characteristics are studied through small-signal analysis, including the ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{H}$ factor, damping factor, and modulation dynamics. In addition, the feedback dynamics are analyzed through improved corpuscular rate equations based on the classical Lang-Kobayashi (LK) model with time series, bifurcation diagrams, and phase portraits. We find that a smaller ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{H}$ factor but larger damping factor are obtained by decreasing the nonradiative recombination lifetime. On top of that, in both the short- and long-external-cavity regimes, any decrease of the SRH recombination lifetime obliterates significantly chaotic regions and shifts the first Hopf bifurcation point to higher feedback values. Overall, this work provides insights into the understanding of QD laser physics, hence highlighting the influence of the SRH lifetime on the reflection sensitivity of epitaxial QD lasers on silicon. These results are qualitatively consistent with recent experiments and are therefore helpful for designing feedback-resistant lasers for future photonic integrated circuits operating without optical isolation.

Published
2021
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202. Dynamics of epitaxial quantum dot laser on silicon subject to chip-scale back-reflection for isolator-free photonics integrated circuits

Author

Jun-Da Chen, Bozhang Dong, John E. Bowers, Frédéric Grillot, Fan-Yi Lin, Justin Norman, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Photonic integrated circuit, chemistry.chemical_element, Integrated circuit, Laser, law.invention, Laser linewidth, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], chemistry, Quantum dot laser, law, Quantum dot, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Silicon-based epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers with strong tolerance for back-reflections have paved the way for developing isolator-free photonics integrated circuits (PICs). This remarkable feature is attributed to the peculiar benefits of QDs, including a large material gain, a strong damping, and a small linewidth enhancement factor [1] . The laser performance can also be optimized by applying p-modulation doping in the active region [1] . In a previous study, the sensitivity of epitaxial QD lasers on silicon subject to short- and long-delay optical feedback were performed [2] . On the top of that, a further investigation of the feedback dynamics on the intra- and inter-chip scale is of significant importance for photonic integration applications.

Published
2021
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203. Implantable medical system for measuring a physiological parameter

Author

Maldari, Mirko, Circuits et Systèmes de Communication (C2S), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), and MALDARI, MIRKO

Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering
Published
2021

204. Spatio-Temporal Wireless D2D Network With Beamforming

Author

Jean-Marc Kelif, Yibo Quan, Marceau Coupechoux, Orange Labs [Chatillon], Orange Labs, Réseaux, Mobilité et Services (RMS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
Beamforming, device-to-device, Wireless network, business.industry, Stochastic process, Computer science, Transmitter, stability, Stability (probability), Point process, beamforming, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], birth-death process, Models of communication, Electronic engineering, Wireless, Stochastic geometry, business, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we consider a dynamic device-todevice (D2D) communication model where transmitters and receivers have multiple antennas and adopt beamforming (BF). A continuous spatio-temporal model for the wireless network is analyzed, which combines a spatial stochastic point process and a dynamic birth-death process. We model BF by using a uniform linear array (ULA) and extend the result of Sankararaman and Baccelli on the stability condition of such a network. We show that the critical arrival rate increases with the number of antennas at the transmitter and the receiver.

Published
2021
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205. A Multi-View Stereoscopic Video Database With Green Screen (MTF) For Video Transition Quality-of-Experience Assessment

Author

Nour Hobloss, Lu Zhang, Marco Cagnazzo, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Multimédia (MM), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Point (typography), Database, Computer science, multi-view video system, Transition (fiction), ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, computer.software_genre, computer vision, Visualization, View synthesis, view synthesis, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], storytelling, Quality of experience, QoE, free navigation, Set (psychology), computer, database, video transition, Data compression, Storytelling
Abstract

International audience; We introduce a multi-view stereoscopic video database with a green screen, called MTF, for the usages in computer vision applications, in particular for free navigation, free-viewpoint television, and video transition quality-of-experience (QoE) assessment. The MTF contains full-HD videos of real storytelling made up of 3 scenes. One particularity of this dataset is that to understand its storytelling, users must change their point of view in the scene at a given time. To this end, we usually need to generate a transition to link two points of view in the same scene. Computer vision techniques that enable such transitions like view synthesis methods, rely on a set of images of the scene to render some new views from different viewpoints of this scene. However, these methods may have many failure cases that lead to artifacts in the final rendered video transition. In most view synthesis QoE tests, the contents are not designed to make the transition between two points of view useful or interesting for the viewers, e.g. they don't need to make a transition to capture more information to better understand the content. We thus, assume that participants will harshly judge artifacts and imperfections in the rendered transition. Thus, the MTF is expected to enable a better analysis of the visual impact of persistent artifacts in the final rendered transition. In our dataset, all the scenes are recorded in a green screen studio, which is often used to superimpose special effects and scenery during editing according to specific needs. Our dataset also presents a wide baseline camera-setup, a challenging constraint for view synthesis techniques. Finally, The MTF can also be used as a complementary dataset with others in literature in various computer vision applications, such as video compression, 3D video content, immersive virtual reality environment, optical flow estimation ...

Published
2021
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206. Blind Neural Belief Propagation Decoder for Linear Block Codes

Author

Paul Chollet, Louis-Adrien Dufrene, Guillaume Larue, Quentin Lampin, Ghaya Rekaya, Hadi Ghauch, Orange Labs [Meylan], Orange Labs, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Circuits et Systèmes de Communication (C2S), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Communications Numériques (COMNUM), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Computer science, Data_CODINGANDINFORMATIONTHEORY, Belief propagation, Linear code, Recurrent neural network, Code (cryptography), [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Encoder, Algorithm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, BCH code, Decoding methods, Computer Science::Information Theory
Abstract

Neural belief propagation decoders were recently introduced by Nachmani et al. as a way to improve the decoding performance of belief propagation iterative algorithm for short to medium length linear block codes. The main idea behind these decoders is to represent belief propagation as a neural network, enabling adaptive weighting of the decoding process. In the present paper an efficient recurrent neural network architecture, based on gating and weights sharing mechanisms, is proposed to perform blind neural belief propagation decoding without prior knowledge of the coding scheme used by the encoder. The proposed architecture is able to learn to decode BCH (15,11) and BCH (15,7) codes at least at the level of performance of a standard belief propagation algorithm and even to outperform it in the case of BCH (15,11) code thanks to NBP approach. A particular emphasis is given to the interpretability and complexity of the proposed model to ensure scalability to larger codes.

Published
2021
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207. Heavy Tails in SGD and Compressibility of Overparametrized Neural Networks

Author

Barsbey, Melih, Sefidgaran, Milad, Erdogdu, Murat, Richard, Gael, Şimşekli, Umut, Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), University of Toronto, Vector Institute, RICHARD, Gaël, PaRis Artificial Intelligence Research InstitutE - - PRAIRIE2019 - ANR-19-P3IA-0001 - P3IA - VALID, and Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul]

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

International audience; Neural network compression techniques have become increasingly popular as they can drastically reduce the storage and computation requirements for very large networks. Recent empirical studies have illustrated that even simple pruning strategies can be surprisingly effective, and several theoretical studies have shown that compressible networks (in specific senses) should achieve a low generalization error. Yet, a theoretical characterization of the underlying causes that make the networks amenable to such simple compression schemes is still missing. In this study, focusing our attention on stochastic gradient descent (SGD), our main contribution is to link compressibility to two recently established properties of SGD: (i) as the network size goes to infinity, the system can converge to a mean-field limit, where the network weights behave independently [DBDFŞ20], (ii) for a large stepsize/batch-size ratio, the SGD iterates can converge to a heavy-tailed stationary distribution [HM20, GŞZ21]. Assuming that both of these phenomena occur simultaneously, we prove that the networks are guaranteed to be ' p-compressible', and the compression errors of different pruning techniques (magnitude, singular value, or node pruning) become arbitrarily small as the network size increases. We further prove generalization bounds adapted to our theoretical framework, which are consistent with the observation that the generalization error will be lower for more compressible networks. Our theory and numerical study on various neural networks show that large step-size/batch-size ratios introduce heavy tails, which, in combination with overparametrization, result in compressibility. * Equal contribution. 35th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2021).

Published
2021

208. An OFDM-MIMO Distributed Acoustic Sensing over Deployed Telecom Fibers

Author

Christian Dorize, Sterenn Guerrier, Haik Mardoyan, Jeremie Renaudier, Elie Awwad, Peter A. Nwakamma, Nokia Bell Labs [Nozay], Télécom Paris, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Nokia Bell Labs [Paris-Saclay], Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
Optical fiber, Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, Computer science, MIMO, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Subcarrier, law.invention, 010309 optics, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, Fading, Image resolution, Computer Science::Information Theory, Optical fiber cable, business.industry, Distributed acoustic sensing, Computer Science::Performance, Telecommunications, business
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate the performance of a novel multi-carrier MIMO fiber sensing interrogator based on OFDM approach. Over an installed telecom fiber cable, coherent fading is mitigated by means of a purely digital subcarrier combiner.

Published
2021

209. Nested Learning for Multi-Level Classification

Author

Guillermo Sapiro, Raphael Achddou, J. Matías Di Martino, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Duke University, and Achddou, Raphael

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Signal processing, Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, Generalization, media_common.quotation_subject, Context (language use), [INFO.INFO-LG] Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Data modeling, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Quality (business), Artificial intelligence, business, computer, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, MNIST database, media_common, Overconfidence effect, [SPI.SIGNAL] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Deep neural networks models are generally designed and trained for a specific type and quality of data. In this work, we address this problem in the context of nested learning. For many applications, both the input data, at training and testing, and the prediction can be conceived at multiple nested quality/resolutions. We show that by leveraging this multiscale information, the problem of poor generalization and prediction overconfidence, as well as the exploitation of multiple training data quality, can be efficiently addressed. We evaluate the proposed ideas in six public datasets: MNIST, Fashion-MNIST, CIFAR10, CIFAR100, Plantvillage, and DBPEDIA. We observe that coarsely annotated data can help to solve fine predictions and reduce overconfidence significantly. We also show that hierarchical learning produces models intrinsically more robust to adversarial attacks and data perturbations.

Published
2021

210. Neural Knowledge Base Repairs

Author

Fabian M. Suchanek, Thomas Pellissier Tanon, Data, Intelligence and Graphs (DIG), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, and Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)

Subjects
Artificial neural network, Computer science, business.industry, Deep learning, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, 02 engineering and technology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, Task (project management), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Constraint (information theory), Knowledge base, 020204 information systems, Web page, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Graph (abstract data type), Literal (computer programming), 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, computer
Abstract

International audience; The curation of a knowledge base is a crucial but costly task. In this work, we suggest to make use of the advances in neural network research to improve the automated correction of constraint violations. Our method is a deep learning refinement of "Learning how to correct a knowledge base from the edit history", and similarly uses the edits that solved some violations in the past to infer how to solve similar violations in the present. Our system makes use of the graph content, literal embeddings, and features extracted from Web pages to improve its performance. The experimental evaluation on Wikidata shows significant improvements over baselines.

Published
2021
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211. Distributed speech separation in spatially unconstrained microphone arrays

Author

Romain Serizel, Nicolas Furnon, Slim Essid, Irina Illina, Speech Modeling for Facilitating Oral-Based Communication (MULTISPEECH), Inria Nancy - Grand Est, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Department of Natural Language Processing & Knowledge Discovery (LORIA - NLPKD), Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications (LORIA), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom ParisTech, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, This work was made with the support of the French National Research Agency, in the framework of the project DiSCogs 'Distant speech communication with heterogeneous unconstrained microphone arrays' (ANR-17-CE23-0026-01)., Grid'5000, ANR-17-CE23-0026,DiSCogs,Antennes acoustiques hétérogènes et non contraintes pour la communication parlée(2017), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), Microphone array, Computer science, Microphone, business.industry, Process (computing), Pattern recognition, 02 engineering and technology, Speech processing, Signal, Microphone arrays, Distributed processing, Recurrent neural network, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, business, Speech separation
Abstract

Submitted to ICASSP 2020; Speech separation with several speakers is a challenging task because of the non-stationarity of the speech and the strong signal similarity between interferent sources. Current state-of-the-art solutions can separate well the different sources using sophisticated deep neural networks which are very tedious to train. When several microphones are available, spatial information can be exploited to design much simpler algorithms to discriminate speakers. We propose a distributed algorithm that can process spatial information in a spatially unconstrained microphone array. The algorithm relies on a convolutional recurrent neural network that can exploit the signal diversity from the distributed nodes. In a typical case of a meeting room, this algorithm can capture an estimate of each source in a first step and propagate it over the microphone array in order to increase the separation performance in a second step. We show that this approach performs even better when the number of sources and nodes increases. We also study the influence of a mismatch in the number of sources between the training and testing conditions.

Published
2021
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212. System for measurement of impedance cardiography

Author

Maldari, Mirko, Circuits et Systèmes de Communication (C2S), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), and MALDARI, MIRKO

Subjects
[SDV.IB] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering
Published
2021

213. Digital Predistortion: principles, techniques and trends

Author

Pham, Dang-Kièn Germain, Desgreys, Patricia, Circuits et Systèmes de Communication (C2S), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Desgreys, Patricia

Subjects
[SPI.NANO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

214. Le low-tech et les réseaux : une rencontre impossible ?

Author

Morgand, Eva, Emmanuelle, Frenoux, Coupechoux, Marceau, Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Informatique pour la Mécanique et les Sciences de l'Ingénieur (LIMSI), Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Télécom Paris, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Réseaux, Mobilité et Services (RMS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Telecom Paris, and Université Paris Saclay

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI]
Published
2021

215. Towards alignment strategies in human-agent interactions based on measures of lexical repetitions

Author

Chloé Clavel, Caroline Langlet, Guillaume Dubuisson Duplessis, Frédéric Landragin, Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Lattice - Langues, Textes, Traitements informatiques, Cognition - UMR 8094 (Lattice), Département Littératures et langage - ENS Paris (LILA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris 3-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Département Littératures et langage (LILA)

Subjects
050101 languages & linguistics, Linguistics and Language, Computer science, [SHS.INFO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Library and information sciences, Verbal Alignment, [SCCO.COMP]Cognitive science/Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, Library and Information Sciences, computer.software_genre, Language and Linguistics, Human-machine dialogue, Education, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Software, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Feature (machine learning), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], [SHS.LANGUE]Humanities and Social Sciences/Linguistics, Lexical repetitions, Repetition (rhetorical device), business.industry, 05 social sciences, [SCCO.LING]Cognitive science/Linguistics, Variety (cybernetics), Human agent, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, Computational linguistics, business, computer, Natural language processing
Abstract

Alignment of communicative behaviour is an important feature of Human–Human interaction that directly affects the collaboration and the social connection of conversational partners. With the aim of improving the communicative abilities of a virtual agent, and in particular its strategies related to (lexical) verbal alignment, this article focuses on the alignment of linguistic productions of dialogue participants in task-oriented dialogues. We propose a new framework to quantify both the lexical alignment and the self-repetition behaviours of dialogue participants from dyadic dialogue transcripts. The framework involves easily computable measures based on repetition of lexical patterns automatically extracted via a sequential pattern mining approach. These measures allow the characterisation of the nature of these processes by addressing various informative aspects such as their variety, complexity, and strength. This framework is implemented in the freely available and open-source software dialign. Using these measures, we present a contrastive study between Human–Human and Human–Agent dialogues on various corpora that reveals major differences in the lexical alignment and self-repetition behaviours. Lastly, we address the challenge of integrating lexical alignment capabilities in artificial agents. To this end, we describe guidelines and we discuss the integration of the proposed framework in a real-time dialogue system.

Published
2021
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216. Deep Graphics Encoder for Real-Time Video Makeup Synthesis from Example

Author

Matthieu Perrot, Ruowei Jiang, Sileye Ba, Robin Kips, Parham Aarabi, Edmund Phung, Isabelle Bloch, Pietro Gori, L'Oréal Recherche France (L'Oréal Recherche), L'OREAL, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Modiface, Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, business.industry, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, Graphics (cs.GR), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Rendering (computer graphics), Image (mathematics), Computer graphics, Task (computing), Real time video, Computer Science - Graphics, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Computer graphics (images), Pattern recognition (psychology), Artificial intelligence, Graphics, business, Encoder
Abstract

While makeup virtual-try-on is now widespread, parametrizing a computer graphics rendering engine for synthesizing images of a given cosmetics product remains a challenging task. In this paper, we introduce an inverse computer graphics method for automatic makeup synthesis from a reference image, by learning a model that maps an example portrait image with makeup to the space of rendering parameters. This method can be used by artists to automatically create realistic virtual cosmetics image samples, or by consumers, to virtually try-on a makeup extracted from their favorite reference image., Comment: CVPR 2021 Workshop AI for Content Creation

Published
2021
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217. Post-layout Security Evaluation Methodology Against Probing Attacks

Author

Sylvain Guilley, Sofiane Takarabt, Yves Mathieu, Youssef Souissi, Laurent Sauvage, Secure-IC S.A.S, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Secure and Safe Hardware (SSH), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Time to market, SIGNAL (programming language), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Term (time), Moment (mathematics), Application-specific integrated circuit, Embedded system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Field-programmable gate array, Bespoke, Countermeasure (computer), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Probing attack is considered to be one of the most powerful attack used to break the security and extract confidential information from an embedded system. This attack requires different bespoke equipment’s and expertise. However, for the moment, there is no methodology to evaluate theoretically the security level of a design or circuit against this threat. It can be only realized by a real evaluation of a certified evaluation laboratory. For the design house, this evaluation can be expensive in term of time and money. In this paper, we introduce an innovative methodology that can be applied to evaluate the probing attack on any design at simulation level. Our method helps to extract the sensitive signals of a design, emulate different Focused Ions Beam technologies used for probing attacks, and evaluate the accessibility level of each signal. It can be used to evaluate precisely any probing attack on the target design at simulation level, hence reducing the cost and time to market of the design. This methodology can be applied for both ASIC and FPGA technology. A use-case on an AES-128 shows the efficiency of our methodology. It also helps to evaluate the efficiency of the active shield used as a countermeasure against probing attack.

Published
2021
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218. Touch without Touching: Overcoming Social Distancing in Semi-Intimate Relationships with SansTouch

Author

Jessalyn Alvina, Eric Lecolinet, Robin Héron, Zhuoming Zhang, Françoise Détienne, Stéphane Safin, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Interaction, Technologies, Activités (INTERACT), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES)

Subjects
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Social distance, 05 social sciences, Internet privacy, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Hand position, Touch sensation, restrict, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, In real life, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Social touch, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], business, Psychology, 050107 human factors, Gesture
Abstract

International audience; Social distancing may force people to restrict social touch practices. Our survey (N=136) highlighted substantial social touch breakdowns during the COVID-19 pandemic for semi-intimate relationships (e.g., friends, colleagues), with handshakes being the most reduced, and frustrations at having to re-establish social touch habits. We then designed SansTouch, a multi-modal hand sleeve used together along with a smartphone to enable mediated hand-to-hand interactions such as handshakes or holding hands. To invoke the mediated touch, users synchronously mimic the hand position as in real life while holding SansTouch. Users can feel the touch sensation in real time without touching. Participants from our observational study (N=12) quickly adopted the hand-to-hand interactions of SansTouch for exchanging greetings face-to-face with colleagues and reported stronger preferences towards using SansTouch as opposed to mid-air gestures (e.g., waving). We discuss design implications, including the trade-offs of multi-modality for touch devices in face-to-face communication.

Published
2021
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219. Improved CRL Distribution point for Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems

Author

Serhrouchni, Ahmed, Adja, Elloh, Cybersecurity for Communication and Networking (CCN), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, and Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)

Subjects
ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, Data structures, Privacy, Scalability, Security, Public key, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Fault diagnosis, Smart cities
Abstract

International audience; The Cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (C-ITS) are already part of our daily life, and their adoption is exponentially increasing, especially with the rise of smart cities concept. However, the security of these infrastructures remains a critical and significant challenge to meet. The Public key infrastructure (PKI) using certificates is the most popular solution to address security issues. The vehicles are identified by a lot of pseudonyms certificates, which must be revoked when the vehicle becomes misbehaving or faulty. The use of multiple certificates introduces new critical problems on services, like the certificate revocation verification. The revocation management is critical for a PKI, even worse in vehicular communications, where there are long revocation lists to process. All nodes of a network must be aware of all pairs’ revocation status as soon as possible to prevent the revoked nodes from unauthorized activities in the network. The revocation is still an open challenge that is starting to attract a lot of attention from researchers. In this paper, we propose a new scalable and reliable approach for revocation lists dissemination called improved certificate distribution point system (ICRLDP). Our plan proposes a trade-off between vehicle privacy and security.

Published
2021

220. Synthetic images as a regularity prior for image restoration neural networks

Author

Saïd Ladjal, Yann Gousseau, Raphaël Achddou, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, and Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)

Subjects
Computer science, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, 02 engineering and technology, Natural image models, 01 natural sciences, Image (mathematics), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 010104 statistics & probability, Image restoration, [INFO.INFO-LG]Computer Science [cs]/Machine Learning [cs.LG], Simplicity (photography), Prior probability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0101 mathematics, Image denoising, Modality (human–computer interaction), Artificial neural network, business.industry, Deep learning, Pattern recognition, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Artificial intelligence, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; Deep neural networks have recently surpassed other image restoration methods which rely on hand-crafted priors. However, such networks usually require large databases and need to be retrained for each new modality. In this paper, we show that we can reach nearoptimal performances by training them on a synthetic dataset made of realizations of a dead leaves model, both for image denoising and superresolution. The simplicity of this model makes it possible to create large databases with only a few parameters. We also show that training a network with a mix of natural and synthetic images does not affect results on natural images while improving the results on dead leaves images, which are classically used for evaluating the preservation of textures. We thoroughly describe the image model and its implementation, before giving experimental results.

Published
2021

221. Manifold learning via tangent space alignment for accelerated dynamic MR imaging with highly undersampled (k,t)-data

Author

Djebra, Y., Bloch, Isabelle, El Fakhri, Georges, Ma, Chao, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging [Boston, MA, USA] (Department of Radiology), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], and Bloch, Isabelle

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], [INFO] Computer Science [cs], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

222. Chaos Bandwidth in Mid-infrared Quantum Cascade Photonic Devices with Interband and Intersubband Transitions

Author

Laurent Cerutti, Mathieu Carras, Gregory Maisons, Frédéric Grillot, Chee Wei Wong, Alexei N. Baranov, Pierre Didier, Olivier Spitz, Daniel A. Diaz-Thomas, Jiagui Wu, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes (IES), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Composants à Nanostructure pour le moyen infrarouge (NANOMIR), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Random number generation, Chaotic, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, Bandwidth (computing), Optoelectronics, Photonics, 010306 general physics, business, Quantum well infrared photodetector, Quantum
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally display temporal chaotic waveforms in the mid-infrared domain with two different types of semiconductor lasers. The generated high-dimensional non-linear dynamics are of prime interest for private communications and physical random number generation.

Published
2021

223. FingerMapper: Enabling Arm Interaction in Confined Spaces for Virtual Reality through Finger Mappings

Author

Jan Gugenheimer, Eric Lecolinet, Wen-Jie Tseng, Samuel Huron, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Interaction, Technologies, Activités (INTERACT), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Confned Space, Computer science, Movement (music), media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, Virtual Reality, Virtual space, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Virtual reality, Finger Mapping, Virtual body, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], Function (engineering), Confined space, 050107 human factors, Gesture, media_common
Abstract

International audience; As Virtual Reality (VR) headsets become more mobile, people can interact in public spaces with applications often requiring large arm movements. However, using these open gestures is often uncomfortable and sometimes impossible in confined and public spaces (e.g., commuting in a bus). We present FingerMapper, a mapping technique that maps small and energy-efficient finger motions onto virtual arms so that users have less physical motions while maintaining presence and partially virtual body ownership. FingerMapper works as an alternative function while the environment is not allowed for full arm interaction and enables users to interact inside a small physical, but larger virtual space. We present one example application, FingerSaber that allows the user to perform the large arm swinging movement using FingerMapper.

Published
2021
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224. Experimental vulnerability analysis of QKD based on attack ratings

Author

Romain Alléaume, Hao Qin, Francesco Mazzoncini, Rupesh Kumar, University of York [York, UK], Télécom Paris, CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Information Quantique et Applications (IQA), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)

Subjects
Attack strategy, Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Cryptographic hardware, Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, Quantum key distribution, Computer security, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Article, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Engineering, Vulnerability assessment, 0103 physical sciences, Relevance (information retrieval), 010306 general physics, Quantum Physics, Multidisciplinary, Physics, Detector, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Optics and photonics, Medicine, Quantum Physics (quant-ph), 0210 nano-technology, computer
Abstract

Inspired by the methodology used for classical cryptographic hardware, we consider the use of attack ratings in the context of QKD security evaluation. To illustrate the relevance of this approach, we conduct an experimental vulnerability assessment of CV-QKD against saturation attacks, for two different attack strategies. The first strategy relies on inducing detector saturation by performing a large coherent displacement. This strategy is experimentally challenging and therefore translates into a high attack rating. We also propose and experimentally demonstrate a second attack strategy that simply consists in saturating the detector with an external laser. The low rating we obtain indicates that this attack constitutes a primary threat for practical CV-QKD systems. These results highlight the benefits of combining theoretical security considerations with vulnerability analysis based on attack ratings, in order to guide the design and engineering of practical QKD systems towards the highest possible security standards., Comment: Comments welcome! 14 pages, 8 figures, 3 Tables

Published
2021
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225. Smart Antenna Assignment is Essential in Full-Duplex Communications

Author

Silva, Jose Mairton B. da, Ghauch, Hadi, Fodor, Gabor, Skoglund, Mikael, Fischione, Carlo, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Communications Numériques (COMNUM), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), and Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH )

Subjects
[INFO]Computer Science [cs], [MATH]Mathematics [math], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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226. En phase et quadrature

Author

ZAYANA, Karim, Rabiet, Victor, Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Communications Numériques (COMNUM), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)

Subjects
[MATH.MATH-HO]Mathematics [math]/History and Overview [math.HO], [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

227. Spot the Difference: Accuracy of Numerical Simulations via the Human Visual System

Author

Xiangyu Hu, Bing Wang, Kiwon Um, Nils Thuerey, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Tsinghua University [Beijing] (THU), and Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM)

Subjects
Visual perception, General Computer Science, FOS: Physical sciences, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Machine learning, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Theoretical Computer Science, Comparative evaluation, User studies, 0103 physical sciences, Convergence (routing), Leverage (statistics), [MATH.MATH-AP]Mathematics [math]/Analysis of PDEs [math.AP], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 0101 mathematics, business.industry, Fluid Dynamics (physics.flu-dyn), Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Computational Physics (physics.comp-ph), [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], 3. Good health, 010101 applied mathematics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability, Metric (mathematics), Human visual system model, Artificial intelligence, business, Physics - Computational Physics, computer, Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability (physics.data-an), 35Q35
Abstract

Comparative evaluation lies at the heart of science, and determining the accuracy of a computational method is crucial for evaluating its potential as well as for guiding future efforts. However, metrics that are typically used have inherent shortcomings when faced with the under-resolved solutions of real-world simulation problems. We show how to leverage crowd-sourced user studies in order to address the fundamental problems of widely used classical evaluation metrics. We demonstrate that such user studies, which inherently rely on the human visual system, yield a very robust metric and consistent answers for complex phenomena without any requirements for proficiency regarding the physics at hand. This holds even for cases away from convergence where traditional metrics often end up inconclusive results. More specifically, we evaluate results of different essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) schemes in different fluid flow settings. Our methodology represents a novel and practical approach for scientific evaluations that can give answers for previously unsolved problems., 29 pages, 18 figures, 2 tables, more information: https://ge.in.tum.de/publications/2019-spotdiff-um/

Published
2021
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228. Quelles antennes pour la 5G ?

Author

Begaud, Xavier, Radio-Fréquences Microondes et Ondes Millimétriques (RFM2), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract

National audience; Le déploiement des réseaux mobiles de cinquième génération (5G) apporte son lot d’innovations en termes de technologies d’antennes. Il serait trop ambitieux de lister toutes leurs spécificités et cet article se focalisera (comme les nouvelles antennes 5G) sur quelques solutions remarquables pour les smartphones et les points d’accès radio.

Published
2021

229. Quelles antennes pour la 5G ?

Author

Begaud, Xavier, Radio-Fréquences Microondes et Ondes Millimétriques (RFM2), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics]
Abstract

National audience; Le déploiement des réseaux mobiles de cinquième génération (5G) apporte son lot d’innovations en termes de technologies d’antennes. Il serait trop ambitieux de lister toutes leurs spécificités et cet article se focalisera (comme les nouvelles antennes 5G) sur quelques solutions remarquables pour les smartphones et les points d’accès radio.

Published
2021

230. Cooperating Networks To Enforce A Similarity Constraint In Paired But Unregistered Multimodal Liver Segmentation

Author

Guillaume Julien Joseph Pizaine, Olivier Pierre Nempont, Vincent Couteaux, Pierre-Jean Valette, Mathilde Trintignac, Laurent Milot, Isabelle Bloch, Anna Sesilia Vlachomitrou, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, MedisysResearch Lab (Medisys), Philips Research, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Centre Hospitalier Lyon Sud [CHU - HCL] (CHLS), Centre de Recherche et d'Application en Traitement de l'Image et du Signal (CREATIS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
Forcing (recursion theory), Modalities, Computer science, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Pattern recognition, Dice, 02 engineering and technology, Image segmentation, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Constraint (information theory), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Market segmentation, Similarity (network science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Segmentation, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract

International audience; We propose a method for segmenting two unregistered images from different modalities of the same patient and study at once, while enforcing a similarity constraint between the two segmentation masks. Our method relies on a segmentation network and a registration network, cooperating to get accurate and consistent segmentation masks across modalities, while forcing the segmentor to use all information available. Experiments on a dataset of T1 and T2-weighted liver MRI show that our method enables to get more similar segmentation masks across modalities than manual annotations, without deteriorating the performance (Dice =0.95 for T1, 0.92 for T2).

Published
2021
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231. Des leaders d’équipes virtuels pour encourager le développement du système de mémoire transactive

Author

Biancardi, Beatrice, Giaccaglia, Ivan, Ravenet, Brian, Varni, Giovanna, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Università degli Studi di Trento (UNITN), Cognition, Perception et Usages (CPU), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Interaction avec l'Humain (IaH), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC]
Abstract

IHM’20.21 32e conférence francophone sur l’Interaction Humain-Machine; National audience; Teams working together at solving a problem can benefit from a technological support for developing a shared mental representation of their own knowledge. In this paper, we investigate, through an online perceptive study, how people perceive the interventions of an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) designed to help a team to develop its Transactive Memory System (TMS), that is a mental representation of the distribution of knowledge between the team members. The ECA acted two different leadership styles: the Transformational and the Transactional style, respectively. Results show in some cases that both leadership styles were perceived to increase the TMS of the team, without significant differences between the two. This work will be extended, in the future, by evaluating other types of interventions (e.g. human- and message-based), and it is a first step towards our research goal of developing an effective team-assisting agent.; Des équipes plongées dans une tâche de résolution de problèmes pourraient bénéficier de soutien afin de développer de bonnes représentations mentales de leurs connaissances qui faciliteraient leur travail. Dans cet article, nous initions le travail de conception d’un agent conversationnel animé jouant le rôle de leader et capable d’aider une équipe à développer son système de mémoire transactive (SMT). Nous avons mené une étude de la littérature afin d’identifier des styles de leaderships et de comportements que notre leader virtuel pourrait utiliser et nous avons mené une première étude en ligne sur la perception qu’ont nos participants de l’influence de ces comportements sur l’évolution du SMT d’une équipe en activité. Nos résultats suggèrent un effet positif des deux styles employés par l’agent sur la perception du SMT des équipes, sans différence majeure entre les deux. Dans le futur, nous prévoyons de comparer avec d’autres types d’interventions (message et leader humain) afin de continuer notre travail de conception d’un agent aidant.

Published
2021
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232. Automatic Size And Pose Homogenization With Spatial Transformer Network To Improve And Accelerate Pediatric Segmentation

Author

Pietro Gori, Alessandro Delmonte, Jeanne Goulin, Sabine Sarnacki, Laurence Rouet, Haithem Boussaid, Bruno Belucci, Isabelle Bloch, Giammarco La Barbera, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Philips Research, CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), La Barbera, Giammarco, and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, STN, [INFO.INFO-AI] Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], Normalization (statistics), Computer Science - Machine Learning, kidney, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer science, Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV), Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, [INFO.INFO-IM] Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, Machine Learning (stat.ML), 02 engineering and technology, [INFO] Computer Science [cs], Machine Learning (cs.LG), [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Image (mathematics), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statistics - Machine Learning, Minimum bounding box, Region of interest, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO.INFO-IM]Computer Science [cs]/Medical Imaging, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Segmentation, Transformer (machine learning model), business.industry, Deep learning, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), segmentation, [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Pattern recognition, Image segmentation, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI), pediatric, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, renal tumor, [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], Artificial intelligence, Scale (map), business, pose size normalization, data augmentation
Abstract

Due to a high heterogeneity in pose and size and to a limited number of available data, segmentation of pediatric images is challenging for deep learning methods. In this work, we propose a new CNN architecture that is pose and scale invariant thanks to the use of Spatial Transformer Network (STN). Our architecture is composed of three sequential modules that are estimated together during training: (i) a regression module to estimate a similarity matrix to normalize the input image to a reference one; (ii) a differentiable module to find the region of interest to segment; (iii) a segmentation module, based on the popular UNet architecture, to delineate the object. Unlike the original UNet, which strives to learn a complex mapping, including pose and scale variations, from a finite training dataset, our segmentation module learns a simpler mapping focusing on images with normalized pose and size. Furthermore, the use of an automatic bounding box detection through STN allows saving time and especially memory, while keeping similar performance. We test the proposed method in kidney and renal tumor segmentation on abdominal pediatric CT scanners. Results indicate that the estimated STN homogenization of size and pose accelerates the segmentation (25h), compared to standard data-augmentation (33h), while obtaining a similar quality for the kidney (88.01\% of Dice score) and improving the renal tumor delineation (from 85.52\% to 87.12\%)., Comment: ISBI 2021

Published
2021
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233. Validation Of A Bi-Energetic Spectrum Approximation In Bone Mineral Density Measurement With A Dxa Digital Twin

Author

Karine Haddadi, Isabelle Bloch, Serge Muller, General Electric Medical Systems [Buc] (GE Healthcare), General Electric Medical Systems, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Learning, Fuzzy and Intelligent systems (LFI), LIP6, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
Bone mineral, Image generation, Dual energy, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Computation, Spectrum (functional analysis), Detector, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Image synthesis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Ct imaging, Algorithm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Modern DXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry) equipments allow both quantifying compositional and geometrical features on images with high accuracy, such as bone mineral density (BMD), and measuring beaking associated with atypical femur fractures (AFF). There is a need for developing DXA digital twins to optimize the design of clinical applications quantifying features from images. This paper presents our advances in developing a digital twin of a DXA system. This digital twin leverages the CatSim simulation platform initially developed by General Electric Global Research Center for CT imaging, and allowing for realistic image simulations. Using an analytical model, we simulate the physics of the DXA X-ray acquisition chain, including X-ray source, detector, scanning geometry and image generation. Our main contribution addresses the compromise between accuracy and computation burden. Indeed, simulations can be computationally intensive when considering poly-chromatic spectra. We demonstrate in this paper that the BMD accuracy is not significantly impacted when simulating a bi-chromatic X-ray source instead of a full polychromatic source, while the computation is faster. Our results indicate a similar BMD accuracy (error $\lt $ 0.1%) and a reduced computation time (-44%) when using a bi-chr omatic X-ray spectrum.

Published
2021
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234. Nonlinear Functional Output Regression: a Dictionary Approach

Author

Bouche, Dimitri, Clausel, Marianne, Roueff, François, d'Alché-Buc, Florence, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Chaire DSAIDIS Data Science & Artificial Intelligence for Digitalized Industry & Services, and Bouche, Dimitri

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Machine Learning, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Statistics - Machine Learning, Machine Learning (stat.ML), [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Machine Learning (cs.LG)
Abstract

To address functional-output regression, we introduce projection learning (PL), a novel dictionary-based approach that learns to predict a function that is expanded on a dictionary while minimizing an empirical risk based on a functional loss. PL makes it possible to use non orthogonal dictionaries and can then be combined with dictionary learning; it is thus much more flexible than expansion-based approaches relying on vectorial losses. This general method is instantiated with reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces of vector-valued functions as kernel-based projection learning (KPL). For the functional square loss, two closed-form estimators are proposed, one for fully observed output functions and the other for partially observed ones. Both are backed theoretically by an excess risk analysis. Then, in the more general setting of integral losses based on differentiable ground losses, KPL is implemented using first-order optimization for both fully and partially observed output functions. Eventually, several robustness aspects of the proposed algorithms are highlighted on a toy dataset; and a study on two real datasets shows that they are competitive compared to other nonlinear approaches. Notably, using the square loss and a learnt dictionary, KPL enjoys a particularily attractive trade-off between computational cost and performances.

Published
2021

235. Concentration Inequalities for Two-Sample Rank Processes with Application to Bipartite Ranking

Author

Stéphan Clémençon, Nicolas Vayatis, Myrto Limnios, Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), CB - Centre Borelli - UMR 9010 (CB), Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Limnios, Myrto, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université de Paris (UP), and Service de Santé des Armées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay (ENS Paris Saclay)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)

Subjects
Statistics and Probability, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Generalization, MESH: empirical risk minimization, Machine Learning (stat.ML), Mathematics - Statistics Theory, Statistics Theory (math.ST), 01 natural sciences, 010104 statistics & probability, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], [MATH.MATH-ST]Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistics - Machine Learning, MESH: bipartite ranking, Statistics, FOS: Mathematics, MESH: statistical learning theory, Empirical risk minimization, 0101 mathematics, [MATH.MATH-ST] Mathematics [math]/Statistics [math.ST], Statistic, Mathematics, MESH: two-sample linear rank statistics, [STAT.TH] Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], 010102 general mathematics, Rank (computer programming), [STAT.TH]Statistics [stat]/Statistics Theory [stat.TH], [STAT.ML] Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Bipartite ranking, concentration inequalities, empirical risk minimization, generalization bounds, rank process, statistical learning theory, two-sample linear rank statistics, MESH: rank process, Ranking, MESH: concentration inequalities, Statistical learning theory, Anomaly detection, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Random variable, MESH: generalization bounds
Abstract

International audience; The ROC curve is the gold standard for measuring the performance of a test/scoring statistic regarding its capacity to discriminate between two statistical populations in a wide variety of applications, ranging from anomaly detection in signal processing to information retrieval, through medical diagnosis. Most practical performance measures used in scoring/ranking applications such as the AUC, the local AUC, the p-norm push, the DCG and others, can be viewed as summaries of the ROC curve. In this paper, the fact that most of these empirical criteria can be expressed as two-sample linear rank statistics is highlighted and concentration inequalities for collections of such random variables, referred to as two-sample rank processes here, are proved, when indexed by VC classes of scoring functions. Based on these nonasymptotic bounds, the generalization capacity of empirical maximizers of a wide class of ranking performance criteria is next investigated from a theoretical perspective. It is also supported by empirical evidence through convincing numerical experiments.

Published
2021
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236. Approximate Inference and Learning of State Space Models with Laplace Noise

Author

Julian Neri, Roland Badeau, Philippe Depalle, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Computer science, Bayesian inference, Inference, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Kalman filter, Data modeling, Noise, Approximate inference, machine learning, Expectation propagation, Signal Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, heavy-tailed noise, expectation propagation, State space, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, time series, EM algorithm, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Smoothing
Abstract

International audience; State space models have been extensively applied to model and control dynamical systems in disciplines including neuroscience, target tracking, and audio processing. A common modeling assumption is that both the state and data noise are Gaussian because it simplifies the estimation of the system's state and model parameters. However, in many real-world scenarios where the noise is heavy-tailed or includes outliers, this assumption does not hold, and the performance of the model degrades. In this aper, we present a new approximate inference algorithm for state space models with Laplace-distributed multivariate data that is robust to a wide range of non-Gaussian noise. Exact inference is combined with an expectation propagation algorithm, leading to filtering and smoothing that outperforms existing approximate inference methods for Laplace-distributed data, while retaining a fast speed similar to the Kalman filter. Further, we present a maximum posterior expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm that learns the parameters of the model in an unsupervised way, automatically avoids over-fitting the data, and provides better model estimation than existing methods for the Gaussian model. The quality of the inference and learning algorithms are exemplified through a diverse set of experiments and an application to non-linear tracking of audio frequency.

Published
2021
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237. Mobile money traceability and federation using blockchain services

Author

Toundé Mesmin Dandjinou, Kodjo Edem Agbezoutsi, Pascal Urien, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Cybersecurity for Communication and Networking (CCN), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Subscriber identity module, Unstructured Supplementary Service Data, Cryptocurrency, Unbanked, 1. No poverty, 020206 networking & telecommunications, CFA franc, 02 engineering and technology, law.invention, Commerce, law, Mobile phone, 020204 information systems, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile payment, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], Business, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Monopoly, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This paper discusses a new approach to mobile money, a money transfer solution via mobile phone, which uses accounts associated with Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) identifiers, and which is managed by the Mobile Network Operators (MNOs). The first solution M-PESA launched in Kenya in 2007 is one of the world’s major mobile money services. Mobile money becomes the new monopoly of MNOs in an economic system where the rate of unbanked adults is very high. Currently, in 2019 Orange Money makes nearly 1.5 million transactions per day, which corresponds to a monetary value of nearly 15 billion CFA francs (CFA franc, officially African Financial Community franc) per day. The Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) is the heart technology of mobile money transactions. Blockchain, which is the underlying technology of the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, has drawn a lot of global attention in recent years. Blockchain does not stop seeing its field of action widen. The rate of unbanked is so high in developing countries that it does not favor economy development. According to the World Bank, mobile money contributes to skip this obstacle. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art of mobile money and its underlying technologies in the sub-Saharan countries in general, and in Burkina-Faso particularly. We propose a mobile money solution based on the blockchain, in order to increase security, trust, and move towards a federation of mobile money platforms.

Published
2021
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238. Bayesian Allocation Model: Marginal Likelihood-Based Model Selection for Count Tensors

Author

Sinan Yldrm, Umut Simsekli, Melih Barsbey, A. Taylan Cemgil, M. Burak Kurutmaz, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences (Sabanci University), Sabanci University [Istanbul], Department of Computer Engineering [Bogazici], Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, ANR-16-CE23-0014,FBIMATRIX,Méthodes distribuées et parallèles de Monte-Carlo par chaînes de Markov pour l'Inférence Bayésienne de modèles à factorisation de tenseurs(2016), and Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul]

Subjects
Hyperparameter, QA075 Electronic computers. Computer science, Computer science, Model selection, Bayesian probability, Posterior probability, Bayesian network, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Bayesian inference, Marginal likelihood, Statistics::Computation, QA273-280 Probabilities. Mathematical statistics, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], Signal Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Particle filter, Algorithm, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

In this article, we introduce a dynamic generative model, the Bayesian allocation model (BAM), for modeling count data. BAM covers various probabilistic nonnegative tensor factorization (NTF) and topic models under one general framework. In BAM, allocations are made using a Bayesian network, whose conditional probability tables can be integrated out analytically. We show that, when allocations are viewed as sequential, the resulting marginal process is a special type of Polya urn process, which we name as Polya-Bayes process, an integer valued self-reinforcing process. Exploiting the Polya urn construction, we develop a novel sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) algorithm for marginal likelihood estimation in BAM, leading to a unified scoring method for discrete variable Bayesian networks with hidden nodes, including various NTF and topic models. The SMC estimator for marginal likelihood has the remarkable property of being unbiased in contrast to variational algorithms which are generally biased. We also demonstrate how our novel SMC-based likelihood estimation can be integrated within a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for a principled and correct (in terms of respecting the true posterior distribution) Bayesian model selection and hyperparameter estimation for BAM. We provide several numerical examples, both on artificial and real datasets, that demonstrate the performance of the algorithms for various data regimes.

Published
2021
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239. Actes de la conférence CAID 2020

Author

de Vieilleville, François, May, Stéphane, Lagrange, Adrien, Dupuis, A, Ruiloba, Rosa, Ngolè Mboula, Fred, Bitard-Feildel, Tristan, Nogues, Erwan, Larroche, Corentin, Mazel, Johan, Clémençon, Stephan, Burgot, Romain, Gaurier, Alric, Hulot, Louis, Isaac-Dognin, Léo, Leichtnam, Laetitia, Totel, Eric, Prigent, Nicolas, Mé, Ludovic, Bernhard, Rémi, Moëllic, Pierre-Alain, Dutertre, Jean-Max, Kapusta, Katarzyna, Thouvenot, Vincent, Bettan, Olivier, Charrier, Tristan, Bonnafoux, Luc, Puig, Francisco-Pierre, Lhoest, Quentin, Renault, Thomas, Benamira, Adrien, Bonnet, Benoit, Furon, Teddy, Bas, Patrick, Farcy, Benjamin, Gil-Casals, Silvia, Mattioli, Juliette, Fiammante, Marc, Lambert, Marc, Bresson, Roman, Cohen, Johanne, Hullermeier, Eyke, Labreuche, Christophe, Sebag, Michele, Thebaud, Thomas, Larcher, Anthony, Le Lan, Gaël, Nour, Nouredine, Belhaj-Soullami, Reda, Buron, Cédric, Peres, Alain, Barbaresco, Frédéric, D’acremont, Antoine, Quin, Guillaume, Baussard, Alexandre, Fablet, Ronan, Corbineau, Marie-Caroline, Morge-Rollet, Louis, Le Roy, Frederic, Le Jeune, Denis, Gautier, Roland, Camus, Benjamin, Monteux, Eric, Vermet, Mikaël, Goupilleau, Alex, Ceillier, Tugdual, Agenium Space [Toulouse], Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), DGA Maîtrise de l'information (DGA.MI), Direction générale de l'Armement (DGA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information (ANSSI), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Signal, Statistique et Apprentissage (S2A), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Capgemini Consulting [Paris], CentraleSupélec, Département Systèmes Réseaux, Cybersécurité et Droit du numérique (IMT Atlantique - SRCD), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), LSTI, Confidentialité, Intégrité, Disponibilité et Répartition (CIDRE), CentraleSupélec-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-SYSTÈMES LARGE ÉCHELLE (IRISA-D1), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), École des Mines de Saint-Étienne (Mines Saint-Étienne MSE), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thales SIX GTS France, THALES COMMUNICATIONS & SECURITY, THALES, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Creating and exploiting explicit links between multimedia fragments (LinkMedia), MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Centrale Lille, Thales (France), IBM France Lab [Biot], IBM - Paris [Bois-Colombes], IBM-IBM, Délégation générale de l'armement (DGA), Ministère de la Défense, Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], University of Paderborn, TAckling the Underspecified (TAU), Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Informatique de l'Université du Mans (LIUM), Le Mans Université (UM), Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, NukkAI [Paris], École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne), MBDA France [Le Plessis Robinson], Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Université de Brest (UBO), Scalian [Rennes], Earthcube [Paris], DGA, DGNUM, Ministère des Armées, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-MEDIA ET INTERACTIONS (IRISA-D6), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), THALES [France], Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Equipe Security, Intelligence and Integrity of Information (Lab-STICC_SI3), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
systèmes embarqués, intelligence artificielle, cyber-sécurité, prise de décision, signaux radar, artificial intelligence, sécurité des données, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

National audience

Published
2021

240. Editorial: Game Theory for Networks

Author

Ju Bin Song, Husheng Li, Marceau Coupechoux, Kyung Hee University (KHU), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Réseaux, Mobilité et Services (RMS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Laboratory of Information, Network and Communication Sciences (LINCS), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), and Télécom ParisTech

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, Human–computer interaction, Computer science, Game theory, Computer communication networks, Software, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Information Systems
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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241. 3D Buildings Reconstruction with SAR Tomography Guided by Partial Footprints Information

Author

Clément Rambour, Loic Denis, Florence Tupin, DTIS, ONERA, Université Paris Saclay [Palaiseau], ONERA-Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Lyon, Saint-Etienne, F-42023, France, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, and Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, [INFO]Computer Science [cs], TOMOGRAPHIE, BÂTIMENT 3D, [MATH]Mathematics [math]
Abstract

International audience; SAR tomography is a powerful 3D reconstruction method. Nevertheless, in urban areas, results are usually rather sparse and some post-processing is needed to obtain 3D buildings. In this paper, external information about building footprints is introduced in the 3D reconstruction process. This is done by extending the recent method REDRESS based on a graphcut method (Rambour et al., Computer Vision and Image Understanding 2019). The graph construction is modified to take into account spatially variable weights depending on the footprints location. Experimental results show a clear improvement of the retrieved shapes.

Published
2021

242. How to handle spatial correlations in SAR despeckling? Resampling strategies and deep learning approaches

Author

Emanuele Dalsasso, Loic Denis, Florence Tupin, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Images, Données, Signal (IDS), Télécom ParisTech, Image, Modélisation, Analyse, GEométrie, Synthèse (IMAGES), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-NE]Computer Science [cs]/Neural and Evolutionary Computing [cs.NE]
Abstract

International audience; Speckle noise strongly affects Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images, causing strong intensity fluctuations that make them difficult to analyze. Although many speckle reduction algorithms have been proposed, how to effectively deal with the spatial correlations of speckle remains an open question, especially in the most recent deep learning approaches. This paper tries to address this problem. Existing approaches to tackle the speckle correlations are described. Then, a standard training strategy for deep learning is proposed. Two models are trained and the increased robustness brought by including a Total Variation (TV) term in the loss function is analyzed on Sentinel-1 images.

Published
2021

243. Algebraic geometry codes and some applications

Author

Couvreur, Alain, Randriambololona, Hugues, Geometry, arithmetic, algorithms, codes and encryption (GRACE), Laboratoire d'informatique de l'École polytechnique [Palaiseau] (LIX), École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Saclay - Ile de France, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Laboratoire de cryptographie de l'ANSSI (LCR), Agence nationale de la sécurité des systèmes d'information (ANSSI), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Mathématiques discrètes, Codage et Cryptographie (MC2), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, W. Cary Huffman, Jon-Lark Kim, Patrick Solé, Couvreur, Alain, W. Cary Huffman, Jon-Lark Kim, Patrick Solé, and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences, Computer Science - Cryptography and Security, Mathematics - Number Theory, Computer Science - Information Theory, Information Theory (cs.IT), [MATH.MATH-AG] Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], [MATH.MATH-IT]Mathematics [math]/Information Theory [math.IT], [MATH] Mathematics [math], [MATH.MATH-NT]Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], [MATH.MATH-IT] Mathematics [math]/Information Theory [math.IT], Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, [INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], FOS: Mathematics, Number Theory (math.NT), [MATH.MATH-AG]Mathematics [math]/Algebraic Geometry [math.AG], [MATH]Mathematics [math], Cryptography and Security (cs.CR), Algebraic Geometry (math.AG), [MATH.MATH-NT] Mathematics [math]/Number Theory [math.NT], [INFO.INFO-CR] Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR]
Abstract

This article surveys the development of the theory of algebraic geometry codes since their discovery in the late 70's. We summarize the major results on various problems such as: asymptotic parameters, improved estimates on the minimum distance, and decoding algorithms. In addition, we present various modern applications of these codes such as public-key cryptography, algebraic complexity theory, multiparty computation or distributed storage., Comment: Survey chapter to appear in "A Concise Encyclopedia of Coding Theory", W.C. Huffman, J.-L. Kim, and P. Sole' Eds., CRC Press

Published
2021

244. Intensity noise and modulation dynamics of epitaxial quantum dot semiconductor lasers on silicon

Author

Grillot, Frédéric, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and GRILLOT, FREDERIC

Subjects
[SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

245. Towards a turnkey private communication system using a quantum cascade laser emitting at 4 microns

Author

Olivier Spitz, Frédéric Grillot, Laureline Durupt, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, and Mirsense, Nanno-INNOV

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Chip, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Wavelength, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Semiconductor, Band-pass filter, law, Cascade, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum cascade laser, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are optical sources exploiting radiative intersubband transitions within the conduction band of semiconductor heterostructures.1 Mid-infrared QCLs have been thoroughly considered for applications such as spectroscopy,2 free-space communications3 and countermeasure systems.4 Under self-optical feedback, QCLs have been proven to operate in several non-linear dynamic regimes,5 including low-frequency fluctuations and deterministic chaos, which are suitable for private communications taking advantage of both chaos masking and background stealth. However, the previous experiments focused on distributed feedback (DFB) quantum cascade lasers emitting at 5.7 µm, which is not an optimized wavelength for free-space applications. Indeed the atmosphere is characterized by two transparency windows between 3-4 µm and 8-12 µm, which are called bandpass L and bandpass N, respectively.6 Furthermore, the 5.7 µm lasers were studied at the chip level, which means that end users must own the dedicated mounts, connectors and mid-infrared optics in order to take advantage of these quantum cascade sources. This work extends our knowledge by exploring the non- linear dynamics of a packaged Fabry-Perot (FP) QCL emitting at 4 µm. The advantage of the FP configuration is an increased output-power compared to DFB sources, though the FP configuration is not well-known yet.7 Moreover, this laser comes in a handy environment with embedded focusing optics and high-heat load (HHL) packaging for plug-and-play operation. Consequently, the current findings pave the way for off-the-shelf private s at mid-infrared wavelength where high-power and compact turnkey systems are required.

Published
2021
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246. Temperature tolerance of a hybrid III-V/Si distributed feedback semiconductor laser with a large quality factor

Author

Sandra Cadavid, Frédéric Grillot, Heming Huang, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), and Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Photonic integrated circuit, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Resonator, Semiconductor, Transmission (telecommunications), chemistry, law, Optoelectronics, business, Sensitivity (electronics), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The sensitivity of a hybrid distributed feedback semiconductor (DFB) laser heterogeneously integrated onto silicon (Si) is extensively characterized in the presence of external optical feedback at different bias and temperature conditions. The unique modal engineering approach of the device allows the light generated in the III-V material to be stored in the low-loss Si region to significantly enhance the quality (Q) factor of the cavity resonator. This design leads to an increased temperature tolerance of the laser without impacting the transmission efficiency even under the most severe feedback conditions. At a temperature of T = 35◦C, the laser continuous to unveil optimal performance and exhibits feedback insensitivity when externally modulated at 10 Gbps transmission over a 10 km fiber coil. The study presented here demonstrates the ability of a high-Q laser to achieve floor-free transmission at different operating conditions with a power penalty degradation no greater than 1.5 dB. The prolonged transition to the coherence collapse regime at a much higher reflection level evidenced by this device when compared to its III-V counterparts in addition to its ability to withstand perturbations associated with temperature variations and unintentional back-reflections delivers a step forward towards isolator-free applications. This work suggest that this type of semiconductor lasers can serve as a promising solution for the development of compact and reliable photonic integrated circuits (PICs).

Published
2021
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247. Data stream analysis: Foundations, major tasks and tools

Author

Heitor Murilo Gomes, Silviu Maniu, João Gama, Maroua Bahri, Albert Bifet, Data, Intelligence and Graphs (DIG), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, University of Waikato [Hamilton], Universidade do Porto, Données et Connaissances Massives et Hétérogènes (LaHDAK), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Sciences du Numérique (LISN), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Science des Données (SDD), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Science des Données (SDD), and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-DB]Computer Science [cs]/Databases [cs.DB], General Computer Science, Computer science, 020204 information systems, [INFO.INFO-WB]Computer Science [cs]/Web, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 02 engineering and technology, Data stream analysis, Data science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [INFO.INFO-SI]Computer Science [cs]/Social and Information Networks [cs.SI], [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI]
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021
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248. Dynamic and nonlinear properties of epitaxial quantum-dot lasers on silicon operating under long- and short-cavity feedback conditions for photonic integrated circuits

Author

Fan-Yi Lin, Frédéric Grillot, Justin Norman, Bozhang Dong, Jun-Da Chen, John E. Bowers, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Télécommunications Optiques (GTO), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, National Tsing Hua University [Hsinchu] (NTHU), University of California [Santa Barbara] (UCSB), and University of California

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Silicon, Optical isolator, business.industry, Oscillation, Photonic integrated circuit, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, chemistry, Quantum dot laser, law, Quantum dot, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Photonics, 010306 general physics, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This work reports on an investigation of the dynamics of $1.3\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\text{m}$ epitaxial quantum dot (QD) lasers on silicon subject to delayed optical feedback. Operating the device under different feedback conditions, we experimentally identify various dynamical states of periodic oscillations. In the long-cavity feedback regime, the device remains chaos-free up to $\ensuremath{\approx}70% (\ensuremath{-}1.55\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB})$ feedback strength. This remarkable result is in agreement with prior studies and is attributed to the particular design and properties of the QD-based active region. Shortening the external cavity length to the short-cavity regime being on the scale of photonics integrated circuits (PICs), the onset of periodic oscillations only takes place under extremely high feedback strength, which is much higher than those in PICs. The devices studied exhibit strong resistance to chip-scale back reflections in absence of any unstable oscillation. Our results also demonstrate that p doping is an efficient technique to further improve the feedback tolerance. These results point out the potential of QD lasers as an on-chip light source not requiring an optical isolator and gives insights for developing ultrastable silicon transmitters for PIC applications.

Published
2021
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249. Data to Physicalization: A Survey of the Physical Rendering Process

Author

Hessam Djavaherpour, Fatemeh Yazdanbakhsh, Faramarz Samavati, Lora Oehlberg, Ali Mahdavi-Amiri, Samuel Huron, Richard M. Levy, Yvonne Jansen, University of Calgary, Department of Computer Science (Simon Fraser University), Simon Fraser University (SFU.ca), Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), Département Informatique et Réseaux (INFRES), Télécom ParisTech, Design, Interaction, Visualization & Applications (DIVA), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Sciences Economiques et Sociales (SES), Interaction, Technologies, Activités (INTERACT), Institut interdisciplinaire de l’innovation (I3, une unité mixte de recherche CNRS (UMR 9217)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Télécom ParisTech-MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut des Systèmes Intelligents et de Robotique (ISIR), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Research literature, FOS: Computer and information sciences, Creative visualization, Scope (project management), Computer science, Process (engineering), I.3.5, I.3.8, media_common.quotation_subject, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Object (computer science), Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Human-centered computing, Pipeline (software), Graphics (cs.GR), [INFO.INFO-GR]Computer Science [cs]/Graphics [cs.GR], Rendering (computer graphics), Computer Science - Graphics, Human–computer interaction, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, [INFO.INFO-HC]Computer Science [cs]/Human-Computer Interaction [cs.HC], media_common
Abstract

International audience; Physical representations of data offer physical and spatial ways of looking at, navigating, and interacting with data. While digital fabrication has facilitated the creation of objects with data-driven geometry, rendering data as a physically fabricated object is still a daunting leap for many physicalization designers. Rendering in the scope of this research refers to the back-and-forth process from digital design to digital fabrication and its specific challenges. We developed a corpus of example data physicalizations from research literature and physicalization practice. This survey then unpacks the "rendering" phase of the extended InfoVis pipeline in greater detail through these examples, with the aim of identifying ways that researchers, artists, and industry practitioners "render" physicalizations using digital design and fabrication tools.

Published
2021
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250. Implementing Secure Applications thanks to an Integrated Secure Element

Author

Sylvain Guilley, Damien Quenson, Michel Le Rolland, Secure-IC S.A.S, Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Secure and Safe Hardware (SSH), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Télécom Paris, Département Communications & Electronique (COMELEC), Télécom ParisTech, Institut Polytechnique de Paris (IP Paris), INSTICC, ANR-19-CE39-0008,Archi-Sec,Sécurité au niveau des micro-architectures, and ANR-19-CE39-0008,ARCHI-SEC,ARCHI-SEC: Sécurité au niveau des micro-architectures(2019)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-CR]Computer Science [cs]/Cryptography and Security [cs.CR], Computer science, business.industry, Security Flexibility, Internet of Things, Element (category theory), Certification Schemes, business, Computer hardware, Integrated Secure Element, Host Protection
Abstract

International audience; More and more networked applications require security, with keys managed at the end-point.However, traditional Secure Elements have not been designed to be connected.There is thus a need to bridge the gap, and novel kinds of Secure Elements have been introduced in this respect.Connectivity has made it possible for a single chip to implement multiple usages.For instance, in a smartphone, security is about preventing the device from being rooted, but also about enabling user's online privacy.Therefore, Secure Elements shall be compatible with multiple requirements for various vertical markets (e.g., payment, contents protection, automotive, etc.).The solution to this versatility is the integration of the Secure Element within the device main chip.Such approach, termed iSE (integrated Secure Element), consists in the implementation of a subsystem, endowed to manage the chip security, within a host System-on-Chip.The iSE offers flexibility in the security deployment.However, natural questions that arise are: how to program security applications using an iSE?How to certify those applications, most likely according to several different schemes?This position paper addresses those questions, and comes up with some key concepts of on-chip security, in terms of iSE secure usage.In particular, we will show in this paper that iSE nowadays shall be designed so that the product it embeds is certifiable in a multiplicity of schemes, and so even before the product is launched on the market.

Published
2021
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