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Background: We aimed to develop brief self-report tools that can be used by anti-doping organizations (ADOs) to evaluate education programs regarding their effects on psychosocial correlates of doping. Current assessment tools are too long for this purpose. Methods: In phase 1, we reviewed the literature and selected psychosocial constructs perceived to be amenable to anti-doping education. In phase 2, a survey with these constructs was sent to anti-doping experts (i.e. researchers and representatives of ADOs), who rated their importance and rank ordered them. Following this, a smaller pool of constructs was chosen for phase 3, during which, questionnaires capturing these constructs were distributed to adult athletes and athlete support personnel (ASP) in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Results: Using data from 307 adult athletes and 296 ASP, we selected the best 2-3 items for scales tapping each construct, via the OASIS package in R. Two questionnaires with 24 (athletes) and 28 (ASP) items, respectively, were formed. The questionnaires assess 11 and 13 different constructs, respectively, and capture diverse aspects such as morality, motivation, perceived benefits, and perceived deterrents relevant to doping. Conclusion: The questionnaires provide brief assessments for diverse psychosocial constructs that could be used to evaluate ADO education programs. © 2024 the author(s)., This project was funded by the World And-Doping Agency.

Background: Disabilities can hinder children’s and youths’ participation (frequency of attendance and engagement) and independence in everyday life. Aims: To identify factors that predict levels of participation and independence in everyday activities in Swedish children and youths with disabilities. Material and methods: This cross-sectional study, including 131 participants, utilised instruments about child and environmental factors. LASSO regression analyses were conducted to identify predictors of participation and independence. Results: An item screening for comprehension difficulties was the strongest predictor of attendance, engagement, and independence in daily activities. Other influential child factors included the presence of seizures, speech abilities, age, pain levels, and motor functions. None of the studied environmental factors were retained as predictors in the models. Conclusions: Difficulties in intellectual functioning need to be evaluated and considered in planning interventions to improve participation and independence. Likewise, multifaceted nature of challenges found in this study underscores the need for diversity of interventions tailored for individual needs. Significance: The result underscores the critical role of comprehension and intellectual functioning in predicting and enhancing participation and independence in children and youths with disabilities, advocating for comprehensive assessments and sustained support.

En internationell studie visar att de flesta VM- och OS-medaljörer ­hållit på med flera sporter och valt sin huvudidrott relativt sent. AIK och ­andra klubbar gör fel när de sorterar bort 10-åringar och satsar på ­”akademier”. Prestationshetsen måste bort, för både folkhälsans och elit­idrottens skull, skriver 17 idrottsforskare.

Clinical genetic laboratories often require a comprehensive analysis of chromosomal rearrangements/structural variants (SVs), from large events like translocations and inversions to supernumerary ring/marker chromosomes and small deletions or duplications. Understanding the complexity of these events and their clinical consequences requires pinpointing breakpoint junctions and resolving the derivative chromosome structure. This task often surpasses the capabilities of short-read sequencing technologies. In contrast, long-read sequencing techniques present a compelling alternative for clinical diagnostics. Here, Genomic Medicine Sweden-Rare Diseases has explored the utility of HiFi Revio long-read genome sequencing (lrGS) for digital karyotyping of SVs nationwide. The 16 samples from 13 families were collected from all Swedish healthcare regions. Prior investigations had identified 16 SVs, ranging from simple to complex rearrangements, including inversions, translocations, and copy number variants. We have established a national pipeline and a shared variant database for variant calling and filtering. Using lrGS, 14 of the 16 known SVs are detected. Of these, 13 are mapped at nucleotide resolution, and one complex rearrangement is only visible by read depth. Two Chromosome 21 rearrangements, one mosaic, remain undetected. Average read lengths are 8.3-18.8 kb with coverage exceeding 20x for all samples. De novo assembly results in a limited number of phased contigs per individual (N50 6-86 Mb), enabling direct characterization of the chromosomal rearrangements. In a national pilot study, we demonstrate the utility of HiFi Revio lrGS for analyzing chromosomal rearrangements. Based on our results, we propose a 5-year plan to expand lrGS use for rare disease diagnostics in Sweden., Funding Agencies|UPPMAX; National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI) Uppsala; National Genomics Infrastructure (NGI) Clinical Genomics Uppsala; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA [3HP-HP-FPA ERN-01-2016/739516]; Genomic Medicine Sweden; Swedish Research Council [2017-02936, 2019-02078, 2017-01861]; Stockholm Regional Council; Swedish Brain Foundation/Hjarnfonden [FO2022-0256, FO2022-0207]; Swedish Rare Diseases Foundation; [sens2022541]

Sammanfattningsvis har vi under halvåret från januari till maj år 2024 arbetat med att ta fram AI röstkopior som är baserade på den mänskliga rösten för att testa deras kvalitet i ett ljudboksformat. Vi började med att spela in våra egna röster när vi läste boken Cat in the Hat och även Horton hears a who. Efter vi gjort detta så skrev vi in bok texten vi läste i AI programmet Eleven Labs. Eleven Labs är ett program som används för skapandet av AI röstkopior. Texten var det AI skulle läsa upp genererat utifrån våra två röstinspelningar, för att sedan kunna jämföra dem med våra inspelade verkliga röster. Vår avsikt var att undersöka ifall de som ingick i urvalet kunde urskilja vilka två inspelningar som var skapade med hjälp av våra egna röster och vilka två inspelningar som skapats med hjälp av AI. Resultatet var förvånande då det var fler människor än förväntat som hade svårt att urskilja vilka inspelningar som var gjorda med den mänskliga rösten och vilka som var AI genererade. Vi fick intrycket av att resultatet av AI utvecklats väldigt snabbt och kommit en lång väg på väldigt kort tid. Det är anmärkningsvärt att veta att det räcker med 15 minuter av en mänsklig röst för att kunna återskapa en så bra kopia av rösten med AI., In summary, during the half year from January to May of 2024, we have worked on producing AI voice copies that are based on the human voice to test their quality in an audiobook format. We started by recording our own voices when we read the book Cat in the Hat and also Horton hears a who. After we did this, we typed text into the AI ​​program ElevenLabs. ElevenLabs is a program used for the creation of AI voice clones. The text was what the AI ​​would read out generated from our two voice recordings, in order to then be able to compare them with our real recorded voices. Our intention was to investigate whether those included in the sample could distinguish which two recordings were created with our own voices and which two recordings were created with the help of AI. The result was a bit surprising as there were more people than expected who had difficulty distinguishing which recordings were made with the human voice and which were generated by AI. We got the impression that the results of AI has developed very quickly and have come a long way in a very short time. It's remarkable to know that 15 minutes of a human voice is enough to recreate such a good copy of the voice generated by AI

I denna studie undersöks hur lärare uppfattar situationen för elever som har svårt att nå godtagbara kriterier för bedömning i svenska som andraspråk i årskurs 3 och hur de arbetar med dessa elever. De två forskningsfrågorna är: Hur beskriver lärare de svårigheter som kan finnas bland elever som har svenska som andraspråk och som har svårt att lära sig läsa? Hur beskriver lärare att de arbetar med extra anpassningar med elever som har svenska som andraspråk och som har svårt att lära sig läsa? Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och bygger på elva semistrukturerade intervjuer med lärare på skolor i två olika kommuner. I resultat och analys synliggörs respondenternas svar kopplat till tidigare forskning. I diskussionen används läsmodellen The Simple View of Reading och den sociokulturella teorin i syfte att skapa förståelse för vad som påverkar elevers inhämtning av språk ur ett andraspråksperspektiv. Resultaten visar att lärarnas arbete med att stödja elever i deras individuella läsutveckling innebär både möjligheter och hinder. Lärarna uttrycker att det är en utmaning att vara själva i klassrummet och bedriva både undervisning i svenska som andraspråk och svenska på samma gång. De beskriver att det leder till att generella anpassningar ges på klassnivå för att lärmiljön ska bli tillgänglig. Andra hinder som påverkar är skolors organisation som till exempel klasstorlek, tidsbrist och resurser. Utöver dessa faktorer har även elevers kulturella bakgrund och språkliga förutsättningar betydelse för lärarnas genomförande av undervisning. Lärarna behöver öka sin kunskap kring stödinsatsen extra anpassningar så att varje elev utvecklas mot godtagbara kriterier för bedömning i svenska som andraspråk.

This study explores therapists' thoughts and reflections on their therapy sessions using a qualitative method. Semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of therapists form the basis for descriptions of the cognitive and emotional processes that therapists experience in their work. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The analysis identified five themes: relationships, the patient as a puzzle, internal thought processes that arise when meeting with the patient, professional role & private person, and presence. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex and dynamic nature of psychotherapy from the therapist's perspective and emphasizes the importance of empathy, self-reflection, recovery, and adaptive strategies in therapeutic work.

Healthcare capacity is a foundational constituent of the total defense, contributing to a nation’s resilience and resistance to war, natural disaster, or crises. In case of any such total defense event, the whole spectrum of society is expected to be contributory in sectors like healthcare. A well-functioning chain of trauma care is essential for sound and efficient healthcare in both peacetime and total defense situations. This requires certain medical knowledge to be distributed in society. It is important to understand what requirements that are facing the healthcare under varying conditions, and what needs these requirements result in for laymen and medical personnel. It is also important to understand the status in current competencies and education. The functioning of the healthcare in total defense situations can be understood by taking the perspective of Transactive Memory Systems in emergent response groups. Members of such groups work interdependently without a set hierarchy or previous knowledge about other member’s competencies, in a dynamic and changing environment. Actionable knowledge governs task assignment in a given situation, and actions communicates trust between members. In this thesis, the aim was to explore expert’s experiences of current healthcare system and current competence needs for the trauma care chain to be efficient from a perspective of total defense. Seven experts where interviewed, data was analyzed with interpretative content analysis resulting in eight categories; Healthcare levels, Functioning of the trauma care chain, Competencies for laymen, Competencies for medically trained, Non-medical competencies, Ability to act, Healthcare in different total defense contexts, and Education. Additionally, the aim was to explore the status in healthcare education for laymen and medical personnel, to be put in relation to expert’s experiences. Course material from four different courses for laymen, medically trained, civilians, and milita

This study explored professional wrestlers’ experiences of the consequences of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and their perception of whether the ACL injury could have been prevented. We interviewed 10 professional wrestlers (60% women, age range 21–34) treated with ACL reconstruction with semistructured interviews. Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis: One major theme, ‘Wrestling with a ghost: facing an opponent I can neither see nor clinch’, supported by five main categories, emerged from the collected data. The five main categories were: My ACL injury: bad luck or bad planning?; The way back: a fight to return to sport; Only performance counts; The injury’s impact on life: a wrestling with emotions; In hindsight, personal growth. Professional wrestlers who experienced an ACL injury expressed that not only the injury itself but also the subsequent recovery posed major challenges that they did not know how to deal with and that, in some cases, ended the athletes’ wrestling careers. Professional wrestlers attributed their ACL injuries to bad luck or large training loads and wished that they had more support from the wrestling community when injured., Validerad;2024;Nivå 1;2024-04-04 (joosat);Full text license: CC BY-NC; Funder: Research & Development Centre for Gothenburg and Southern Bohuslän; Swedish Olympic Comittee

Introduction The number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors has increased in recent years; however, participants dropping out of the trials are rarely described. The objective of the present study was to assess which combinations of participant and exercise program characteristics were associated with dropout from the exercise arms of RCTs among cancer survivors. Methods This study used data collected in the Predicting OptimaL cAncer RehabIlitation and Supportive care (POLARIS) study, an international database of RCTs investigating the effects of exercise among cancer survivors. Thirty-four exercise trials, with a total of 2467 patients without metastatic disease randomized to an exercise arm were included. Harmonized studies included a pre and a posttest, and participants were classified as dropouts when missing all assessments at the post-intervention test. Subgroups were identified with a conditional inference tree. Results Overall, 9.6% of the participants dropped out. Five subgroups were identified in the conditional inference tree based on four significant associations with dropout. Most dropout was observed for participants with BMI >28.4 kg/m2, performing supervised resistance or unsupervised mixed exercise (19.8% dropout) or had low-medium education and performed aerobic or supervised mixed exercise (13.5%). The lowest dropout was found for participants with BMI >28.4 kg/m2 and high education performing aerobic or supervised mixed exercise (5.1%), and participants with BMI ≤28.4 kg/m2 exercising during (5.2%) or post (9.5%) treatment. Conclusions There are several systematic differences between cancer survivors completing and dropping out from exercise trials, possibly affecting the external validity of exercise effects.

To review the longitudinal trajectories - and the factors influencing their development - of mental health problems in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. Systematic review methods were employed. Searches of six databases used keywords and MeSH terms related to children with neurodevelopmental disabilities, mental health problems, and longitudinal research. After the removal of duplicates, reviewers independently screened records for inclusion, extracted data (outcomes and influencing factors), and evaluated the risk of bias. Findings were tabulated and synthesized using graphs and a narrative. Searches identified 94,662 unique records, from which 49 publications were included. The median publication year was 2015. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were the most commonly included population in retrieved studies. In almost 50% of studies, trajectories of mental health problems changed by < 10% between the first and last time point. Despite multiple studies reporting longitudinal trajectories of mental health problems, greater conceptual clarity and consideration of the measures included in research is needed, along with the inclusion of a more diverse range of populations of children with neurodevelopmental disabilities.

Titel: Implementering av GRI-standarder och riktlinjer: Fördelar och Utmaningar i Hållbarhetsredovisningen. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi. Författare: Sofia Ivarsson och Sofie Skalberg. Handledare: Jean Claude Mutiganda. Datum: 2024 - januari. Syfte: Skandinavien intar en framstående position i världen när det gäller att redovisa hållbarhet. Flertalet företag i Sverige har börjat implementera GRI som ett verktyg för att förstärka hållbarhetsredovisningen och förbättra kommunikationen med intressenterna. Studien avser att undersöka fördelar och utmaningar som svenska statliga företag upplever vid implementeringen och användningen av GRI-riktlinjerna i hållbarhetsredovisningen. Metod: I denna studie har en kvalitativ metod med en induktiv forskningsansats tillämpats, som innefattar empirisk datainsamling från sju semistrukturerade intervjuer med svenska statliga bolag i olika branscher. Efter kodning och tematisering av det empiriska materialet har resultatet sedan analyserats och tolkats mot tidigare forskning. Resultat och analys samt slutsats: Trots frånvaron av exakt lagstiftning väljer företagofta att anpassa sig till externa riktlinjer såsom GRI. GRI-ramverket ökar transparensen och förbättrar företagens trovärdighet och legitimitet. Däremot inkluderar utmaningarna resurskrävande rapportering och risk för att fokusera för mycket på kriterier i stället för på verkliga förbättringar, vilket kräver anpassning för att möta företagens specifika behov inför CSRD. Studiens bidrag: Studien bidrar till att redogöra för hur företag upplevt implementeringen och användningen av GRI som ramverk. Dessutom ger studien konkreta slutsatser och rekommendationer baserat på erfarenheter och insikter som företagen erhållit genom användningen av GRI i hållbarhetsredovisningen. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: För att få en bredare förståelse av GRI hade det varit intressant att undersöka andra företag, som inte är statliga och verksamma i S, Title: Implementation of GRI Standards and Guidelines: Benefits and Challenges in Sustainability Reporting. Level: Student thesis, final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration. Author: Sofia Ivarsson and Sofie Skalberg. Supervisor: Jean Claude Mutiganda. Date: 2024 - january. Aim: Scandinavia occupies a prominent position globally in sustainability reporting. Many companies in Sweden have started to implement GRI as a tool to strengthen their sustainability reporting and improve communication with their stakeholders. The study aims to examine benefits and challenges that Swedish state-owned companies experience when implementing and using the GRI guidelines in sustainability reporting. Method: In this study, a qualitative method with an inductive research approach has been applied, which includes empirical data collection from seven semi-structured interviews with Swedish state-owned companies in various industries. After coding and thematizing the empirical material, the results have been analyzed and interpreted against previous research. Results and analysis and conclusion: Despite the absence of precise legislation, companies often choose to adapt to external guidelines such as GRI. The GRI framework increases transparency, improves companies' credibility and legitimacy. However, challenges include resource-intensive reporting and the risk of focusing too much on criteria instead of real improvements, requiring adaptation to meet the specific needs of companies ahead of CSRD. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to an account of how companies experienced the implementation and use of GRI as a framework. In addition, the study provides concrete conclusions and recommendations based on the experiences and insights that companies have gained through the use of GRI in sustainability reporting. Suggestions for future research: In order to gain a broader understanding of GRI, it would have been interesting to explore other companies, be

Sammanfattning Titel: Norrlandsboomen - en kvalitativ studie om platsmarknadsföring för att attrahera nya invånare. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Julia Karlernäs och Simon Ivarsson Handledare: Katarina Arbin Datum: 2024 -januari Syfte: Denna uppsats syftar till att beskriva hur arbetet med platsmarknadsföring sker i samverkan mellan olika aktörer för att attrahera nya invånare till en ny geografisk plats Metod: Studien har använt sig av en kvalitativ metod med en abduktiv forskningsansats och grundar sig i insamlad empirisk data från sex intervjuer. Resultat och slutsats: Studien visar att de aktiviteter som sker i platsmarknadsföringen bland annat är marknadskommunikation av platsen via olika digitala plattformar, utveckling av samhället efter identifierade målgruppers efterfrågan samt arbete med värdskap och social inkludering för nyblivna invånare. Resurser som används är ekonomiska resurser, som hos kommunen är skattemedel och från H2 Green Steel kommer från investerare. Andra resurser är humankapital, organisatoriska och -relationella resurser. Huvudaktörer som är involverade är Boden kommun, turistföreningen Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel och Bodens invånare. Examensarbetets bidrag: Kandidatuppsatsen ger insikter i hur platsmarknadsföringen i en kommun går till för att attrahera nya invånare. Genom att identifiera aktiviteterna som utförs, resurserna som finns och vilka aktörerna är, klargör vi hur en kommun arbetar med platsmarknadsföring och vilka roller och uppgifter de olika organisationerna har. Vår studie bidrar även med kunskap om hur samarbetet och samverkan ser ut mellan de olika aktörerna. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Förslag till vidare forskning är att göra en större studie där fler perspektiv i platsmarknadsföringen studeras. Vidare föreslår vi att ytterligare studier bör fokusera på hur man kan mäta vilken effekt platsmarknadsföringen har på beslutet att flytta till en ny kommun. Nyckelord, Title: Norrlandsboomen - a qualitative study of place marketing in attracting new residents. Level: Student thesis, Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Supervisor: Katarina Arbin Date: 2024 - january Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how place marketing occurs in collaboration between actors to attract new residents to a new geographic location. Method: The study used a qualitative method with an abductive research approach and is based on collected empirical data from six interviews. Results and conclusions: The study shows that activities occurring in place marketing are, among others, marketing communication of the place through digital platforms, development of the municipality based on the demands of identified target groups and the work with hosting and social inclusion of new residents. Resources used are financial resources, which at the municipality comes from tax money and within H2 Green Steel from investors. Other resources are human capital, organizational and -relational resources. The main actors involved are Boden municipality, the tourist association Boden Turism, H2 Green Steel and the residents of Boden. Contribution of the thesis: The thesis provides insights into how place marketing in a municipality takes place to attract new residents. By identifying the activities that are carried out, the resources that are used and who the actors are, we clarify how a municipality works with place marketing and what roles and tasks the various actors have. Our study also contributes to knowledge about how the cooperation and collaboration takes place between the various actors. Suggestions for future research: Suggestions for future research is to do a bigger study where more perspectives in place marketing is taken into account. Furthermore, we suggest that additional studies should focus on how to measure the effect that place marketing has in the decision about moving to a new municipality. Key words: Place marketing, place brand

Utgångspunkten i en totalentreprenad är att beställaren i förfrågningsunderlaget ska föreskriva ett funktionskrav, vilket entreprenören genom projekterade tekniska lösningar ska förverkliga. Inte sällan innehåller dock beställarens förfrågningsunderlag mer långtgående krav i form av egna tekniska lösningar eller detaljer för en sådan teknisk lösning. Detta innebär att beställaren redan har utfört en del av projekteringen, trots att projekteringsansvaret i huvudsak åligger entreprenören. Beställarens beskrivningar i förfrågningsunderlaget medför ofta otydligheter vilka entreprenören behöver reda ut för att i sin tur kunna utföra entreprenaden på ett avtalsenligt sätt. För att entreprenören ska ha möjlighet att utföra projekteringen avtalsenligt kan det därmed finnas ett stort behov av att beställaren kommunicerar med entreprenören avseende dennes projektering. Be- ställarens kommunikation kan docka medföra vissa risker. I uppsatsen utreds vilka skyldigheter som åligger beställaren att kommunicera med entreprenören avseende dennes projektering. ABT 06 är det standardav- tal i Sverige som är utformat för totalentreprenader. Framställningen fokuse- rar därmed på beställarens skyldigheter enligt detta standardavtal. Vidare ut- reds vilka förpliktelser som kan följa av utfyllande rätt baserat på lojalitets- plikten, köplagen och konsumenttjänstlagen. Fokus i uppsatsen ligger även på att belysa vilka risker det finns för en beställare att aktivt kommunicera med entreprenören men också de risker som finns med att vara passiv i denna dialog. Av utredningen framgår att beställaren enligt dispositiv rätt har mer långtgående skyldigheter att kommunicera med entreprenören än vad som framgår av ABT 06. Detta används i sin tur för att argumentera för att det enligt utfyllande rätt åligger beställaren ytterligare förpliktelser att kommunicera med entreprenören avseende projekteringen samt hur dessa förpliktelser ser ut. I uppsatsens analys tydliggörs sedan att beställarens skyldigh, The starting point in a design-build contract is that the client must prescribe a functional requirement in the tender documents, which the contractor must realize through designed technical solutions. However, it is not uncommon for the client's tender documents to contain more far-reaching requirements in the form of their own technical solutions or details of such a technical solution. This means that the client has already carried out part of the design, although the design responsibility is mainly incumbent on the contractor. The client's descriptions in the tender documents often lead to ambiguities which the contractor needs to clarify to be able to perform the contract in a contractually compliant manner. In order for the contractor to be able to carry out the project in accordance with the contract, there may be a great need for the client to communicate with the contractor regarding his design. However, the client cannot always communicate with the contractor regarding such circumstances without this entailing certain risks. The thesis examines the obligations of the client to communicate with the con-tractor regarding his design. ABT 06 is the standard contract in Sweden de-signed for design-build contracts. Thus, the presentation focuses on the cli-ent's obligations under this standard contract. Furthermore, the obligations that may follow from supplementary law based on the duty of loyalty, the The Swedish Sale of Goods Act and the swedish Consumer Services Act are examined. The focus is on highlighting what risks there are for a client to actively communicate with the contractor but also the risks of being passive in this dialog. The examination shows that the client has more far-reaching obligations to communicate with the contractor according to the operative law than what is stated in ABT 06. This is in turn used to argue that, according to supplementary law, the client has additional obligations to communicate with the contractor regarding the desi

Meaningful change is a central and deeply rooted endeavor within psychotherapy. The study aims to develop and initially evaluate an instrument to measure meaningful change in psychotherapy. The therapist's role is to assist the patient in creating change that is meaningful to the individual. By measuring meaningful change, the therapist can identify which interventions are truly effective. The study is based on the assessors` estimates of change between two occasions using descriptions of mental health based on 294 complete responses. The result partially supports the reliability of the developed instrument through strong internal reliability (r=.59; p < .001) and moderate convergent validity (r = .41; p < .001). The results for discriminant validity were more difficult to demonstrate. The initial validation of the instrument for measuring meaningful change in psychotherapy yielded promising results, suggesting its utility. The results indicates that further development and validation of the measurement instrument needs to be developed., Meningsfull förändring är en central och djupt rotad strävan inom det psykoterapeutiska området. Terapeutens roll handlar om att hjälpa patienten att skapa förändring som är meningsfull för individen. Genom att mäta meningsfull förändring kan terapeuten se vilka interventioner som verkligen fungerar. Studien syftar till att utveckla och initialt utvärdera ett instrument för att mäta meningsfull förändring inom psykoterapi. Studien baserar sig på bedömarnas skattningar av förändring mellan två tillfällen med hjälp av språkliga beskrivningar av psykisk hälsa utifrån 294 kompletta svar. Resultatet stödjer delvis det utvecklade instrumentets tillförlitlighet genom stark intern reliabilitet (r=.59; p < .001) och måttlig konvergent validitet (r = .41; p < .001). Resultaten för diskriminativ validitet var svårare att påvisa. Den initiala valideringen av instrumentet för mätning av meningsfull förändring inom psykoterapi gav lovande resultat, vilket tyder på instrumentets användbarhet. Resultaten tyder på att fortsatt utveckling och validering av mätinstrumentet behövs.

Denna uppsats har med syfte att belysa några av de utmaningar som Gasellföretag ställs inför vid genomförandet av IS/IT strategier under perioder av snabb tillväxt. Studien inleds med en genomgång av funnen tidigare forskning och litteratur för att definera centrala begrepp och skapa en lägesuppfattning på ämnet. Baserat på tidigare forskning och litteratur definerades tre utmaningsområden, ledningsrelaterade, organisatoriska och tekniska. Intervjufrågorna konstruerades för att skapa en djupare uppfattning inom dessa tre utmaningsområden samt lämna utrymme för andra ytterligare insikter. Den empiriska datainsamlingen bestod av fyra intervjuer med representanter från olika företag som samtliga befann sig inom ramen för uppsatsens avgränsningar. Den empiriska datan från intervjuerna transkriberades och presenterades i resultatet för att sedan disskuteras och jämföras mot tidigare forskning och litteratur i disskussionsavsnittet. Slutligen leder disskussionen fram till slutsatsen, i enlighet med tidigare forskning och litteratur, att utmaningarna Gasellföretag ställs inför främst berör ledningsmässiga och organisatoriska snarare än tekniska utmaningar. Att anpassa organisationen och processer utefter företagets IS/IT strategiska målsättning är utmanande även om samtliga möjliggörande komponenter finns tillgängliga. Den komponent som framkommer som mest central i Gasellföretagen är medarbetarens bidragande vid genomförandet av IS/IT strategin.

Introduction Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis is the most commonly reported zoonosis within the EU, with poultry products regarded as the primary source of transmission to humans. Therefore, finding strategies to reduce Campylobacter colonization in broilers holds importance for public health. Recent studies suggest that supplementation of broiler feed with brown algal extracts, particularly laminarin, can provide beneficial effects on broiler gut health, growth performance, and gut microbiota. However, its effect on gut microbiota development and subsequent reduction of Campylobacter loads in broiler caeca during the later stages of the birds' lives remains unclear. Methods Experimental colonization of Ross 308 broilers with two different strains of C. jejuni was conducted, with groups fed either a basal diet or the same basal diet supplemented with 725 ppm algal extract from Saccharina latissima to provide 290 ppm laminarin. Fecal samples were collected for bacterial enumeration, and caecal samples were obtained before and after the C. jejuni challenge for the determination of microbiota development. Results and discussion No significant differences in fecal C. jejuni concentrations between the groups fed different diets or exposed to different C. jejuni strains were observed. This suggests that both strains colonized the birds equally well and that the laminarin rich algal extract did not have any inhibitory effect on C. jejuni colonization. Notably, 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing revealed detailed data on the caecal microbiota development, likely influenced by both bird age and C. jejuni colonization, which can be valuable for further development of broiler feed formulations aimed at promoting gut health.

In sub-Saharan Africa, the number of people without access to clean and modern cooking solutions is increasing, and a large proportion of the population relies on traditional fuels such as firewood, charcoal and kerosene to cook their food. Burning traditional fuels releases unhealthy indoor air pollution that increases the risk of disease, contributes to deforestation and releases emissions that have a negative impact on the climate. Increasing universal access to clean cooking is a high priority and an important part of the Sustainable Development Goals. The Government of Kenya has set out a strategy aiming to provide clean cooking access for the Kenyan population by 2028. This is an ambitious goal with a short timeframe, subject to many challenges especially in the rural parts of the country where the market is subjected to lower population densities and customers with lower purchasing power. The strategy requires each county to develop a County Energy Plan, and Makueni is one of the few rural counties that has succeeded in doing so. Leveraging Makueni’s County Energy Plan, this study aims to evaluate the clean cooking value chain of Makueni County and identify stakeholder actions that drive the clean cooking adoption in the region, as well as areas of improvement. To get a comprehensive view, focus group discussions with end users in rural Makueni were held, as well as 18 non end-user stakeholder interviews. Additionally, a literature review and analysis of archival data such as policy documents was conducted. According to the focus group discussions, the main challenges the end users face are related to high consumer prices, knowledge and perceptions of technologies, and accessibility of clean fuels and stoves. The results indicate that increasing adoption is a process which requires the involvement of multiple stakeholders, and interventions are especially needed within the areas of financing and resource allocation, end user awareness and last mile distributi, Antalet människor utan tillgång till moderna matlagningsmetoder ökar i Subsahariska Afrika, och en stor del av befolkningen förlitar sig på bränslen som ved, träkol, och fotogen vid matlagning. Förbränning av dessa bränslen släpper ut hälsofarliga luftföroreningar vilket ökar risken för bland annat lungrelaterade sjukdomar samt bidrar till avskogning och ökade utsläpp av växthusgaser. Därav är det av hög prioritet att öka tillgången av moderna matlagningsmetoder. Den kenyanska regeringen har fastställt en strategi som syftar till att uppnå universell tillgång av moderna matlagningsmetoder för den kenyanska befolkningen år 2028. Detta ambitiösa mål med en kort tidsram ställs inför flera utmaningar, framförallt på den kenyanska landsbygden där befolkningstätheten är låg och hushållens köpkraft lägre än i stadsområden. Strategin kräver att varje region i Kenya skapar en energiplan, och regionen Makueni är ett av få som lyckats med detta. Denna studie tar avstamp i Makuenis energiplan, och syftar till att utvärdera värdekedjan för spridning och upptag av moderna matlagningsmetoder, identifiera vilka intressenters handlingar som driver utvecklingen, samt hur dessa intressenters handlingar kan utvecklas för att mer effektivt driva sektorn framåt. Fokusgruppdiskussioner med slutanvändare från Makuenis landsbygd hölls för att erhålla en bild av hur matlagning ser ut i regionen. Vidare hölls 18 intervjuer med andra typer av intressenter. Även en litteraturstudie genomfördes för att förstå den teoretiska bakgrunden till det problem som undersöktes. I fokusgruppdiskussionerna identifierades det att de huvudsakliga utmaningar som slutanvändare möter i deras resa mot en ökad användning av moderna matlagningsmetoder relaterar till höga kostnader, bristande kunskap om tillgängliga tekniker, och otillräcklig tillgång av moderna spisar och bränslen. De sammanvägda resultaten från alla intervjuer indikerar att för att främja en ökad användning av moderna matlagningstekniker krävs ett

Trivsel- och trygghet i olika miljöer är viktiga aspekter för den sociala hållbarheten. I parkeringsgarage upplevs detta bristfälligt då garage ofta utformas och gestaltas på enklast möjliga sätt. Syftet med arbetet har därför varit att undersöka faktorer, som färg- och ljussättning, akustisk design, växter och speglar, som tros kunna förbättra den sociala hållbarheten i garage på genomförbara och kostnadseffektiva sätt.Litteraturstudier och intervjuer med yrkeskunniga har gjorts för att undersöka tidigare forskning samt för att undersöka vad personer med erfarenhet av gestaltning av garage har att säga. En enkät som skickats ut till allmänheten har gjorts för att höra allmänhetens upplevelser, tankar och åsikter kring garage. Platsbesök i ett antal garage har genomförts för att undersöka hur olika garage upplevs och varför, samt för att ta bilder att använda i arbetet.Resultatet har sammanställts i en analys med generella förslag vid gestaltning av garage. Den viktigaste faktorn för upplevd trygghet är belysningen. Speglar kan öka tryggheten genom att placeras på lämpliga platser och förbättra siktlinjer. För ökad trivsel är färgsättning en enkel och ekonomisk metod. Även akustisk design kan bidra till förbättrad atmosfär i garage. Växter i garage kan förbättra luftkvalitén samt bidrar med färg, men kräver växtbelysning och underhåll vilket medför ökade kostnader. En checklista har framtagits som kan ligga till grund i garageprojekt med tips för att öka trivseln och tryggheten. Även gestaltningsförslag har framtagits för att tydligare visualisera dessa.Slutsatsen är att det går att förbättra den sociala hållbarheten i garage, på mer eller mindre kostnadseffektiva sätt., Well-being and safety in different environments are important aspects of social sustainability. In parking garages there is a perceived lack of this, as garages are often designed in the simplest possible way. The purpose of this work has therefore been to investigate factors, such as coloring, light design, acoustic design, plants and mirrors, that are believed to improve the social sustainability of parking garages in achievable and cost-effective ways.Literature reviews and interviews with industry professionals were conducted to examine previous research and to explore the views of people with experience in garage design. A survey was sent out to the public to find out about their experiences, thoughts and opinions on garages. Site visits to a number of garages were conducted to investigate how different garages are perceived and why, as well as to take photographs to use in the work.The results have been compiled in an analysis with general suggestions for the design of garages. The most important factor for the perceived safety is the light design. Mirrors can also increase safety by being placed in appropriate locations and improving sight lines. Coloring is a simple and economical method to increase well-being. Acoustic design can also contribute to improving the atmosphere in garages. Plants in garages can improve the air quality while adding color, but require both plant light and regular maintenance resulting in increased costs. A checklist has been developed that can be used as a basis for garage projects with tips to increase well-being and safety. Design proposals have also been developed to more clearly visualize these.The conclusion is that it is possible to improve the social sustainability of parking garages, in more or less cost-effective ways.Keywords

This study aims to evaluate the diffusion process of a solar-powered refrigerator system, by implementing a sustainable business model as an approach of assessing key features to facilitate the process. The aspiration of this study is to develop a business perspective that can be utilized by companies when aiming to diffuse sustainable enhancing innovations in developing countries with the aim of improving entrepreneurship. The conclusion of this study is based on the alignment of a theoretical framework centered on a sustainable business model and the theory for diffusion of innovation, alongside empirical findings obtained during a case study in Linga Linga, Mozambique. Primary data was acquired through active observations and semi-structured interviews of both female fish entrepreneurs and two organizations with ties to Sweden, operating in Linga Linga. Empirical findings reveled limited availability of new products in Linga Linga, obstructing the diffusion of innovations. Businesses struggles to diffuse innovations in developing countries because of insufficient knowledge of culture differences and the basic needs of the end user. Sustainable development is highlighted as crucial when operating in the Western word but stated as challenging to implement to the same extent in the developing world. The fulfillment of basic needs, rather than operating sustainable and the unfamiliarity with sustainable development as a concept, is found as the reason for the challenge of implementing sustainable development for individuals afflicted by poverty. The alignment of the theoretical framework and the empirical findings in the discussion chapter underscores the benefits of implementing a sustainable business model. Furthermore, the discussion emphasizes the importance of extending the model with knowledge as an additional key feature to comprehensively understand the end users and their basic need in the developing world. This study concludes that utilizing a sustaina

Bakgrund: Klimakteriet är ett tillstånd som alla kvinnor genomgår. Besvärande symtom var vanligt förekommande och för en del kvinnor kunde dessa symtom medföra långsiktiga besvär som hade en negativ påverkan på deras liv. Upplevelsen av klimakteriet varierade mellan individer och det saknades ofta kunskap om tillståndet och hur det behandlades, både inom vården och i samhället. Personcentrerad vård kunde vara relevant för att möta kvinnornas individuella upplevelser. Syfte: Att beskriva kvinnors erfarenheter under klimakteriet och deras upplevelser i mötet med vårdpersonal. Metod: Systematisk litteraturöversikt, med sökningar gjorda i etablerade databaser. Analysen gjordes i tre steg, enligt mallen som framtogs av Popenoe m.fl (2021). Resultat: Beskrevs i tre huvudkategorier: Att vara oförberedd, Att möta hinder och möjligheter och Normer som styr. Det framkom att kvinnor saknade information och kunskap om sitt tillstånd och vilka behandlingar som erbjuds. Det var svårt att söka information och kvinnorna mötte svårigheter när de försökte leta sig fram i vårdkedjan. Vidare så framkom bristande kunskaper hos vårdpersonal, vilket försvårade behandlingarna av kvinnornas besvärande symtom, och bemötandet från vårdgivarna varierade mycket. Positiva kontakter med vårdgivare ökade empowerment hos kvinnorna och möjliggjorde egenvårdsinsatser i större utsträckning. Slutligen tydliggjordes problematiken kring de normer och fördomar som är kopplade till klimakteriet som tillstånd. Slutsats: Bristande kunskaper och normativa attityder kunde försvåra möjligheterna för kvinnor att få den individbaserade vård vid klimakterierelaterade symtom som de behövde. Tydliga informationsvägar och bra bemötande kunde stärka kvinnors självkänsla och hjälpa dem att hantera sina symtom.Nyckelord: Klimakteriet, Upplevelse, Background: Menopause is a condition that every woman encounters in their life. Troublesome symptoms can be frequent and can, for some women, cause difficulties in their daily lives that might persist for a long time. The menopause experience is different for every woman and the knowledge about the condition and the management of symptoms is lacking, both within the healthcare organization and in society in general. Personcentred care is a relevant concept to be able to provide individualized care and advice to women. Aim: To describe women’s experiences of menopause and their contact with health care staff. Method: A systematic literature review, with searches done through established databases. The analysis was made in three steps, in accordance with the framework established by Popenoe et al (2021). Results: Are described in three main categories: To be unprepared, To encounter obstructions and opportunities and Conformed by social norms. Women appeared to lack information and knowledge about menopause and symptom management. They encountered difficulties when searching for information and in navigating the healthcare system. Healthcaregivers lacked knowledge, which complicated and delayed adequate treatments, and their attitudes towards the women varied. A positive contact with the healthcaregivers appeared to increase empowerment in women and made it easier for them to cope and manage their symptoms on their own. Finally, the issue with social norms and preconceptions regarding menopause was described, and how it could affect both the attitudes in healthcare as well as the attitude from society. Conclusion: A lack of knowledge and an abundance of social norms complicates the contact with healthcare that women require in order to get access to the symptom management they need. Easily accessible information and supportive attitudes can increase empowerment and the women’s own ability to manage their symptoms.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund I dagsläget saknas normvärden för läpp- och tungkraft hos friska personer och dess korrelation med sväljkapacitet, samt hur de skiljer sig mellan olika åldrar och kön. När dessa normvärden fastställs kan det möjliggöra en differentiering mellan normal och avvikande läpp- och tungkraft. Syfte Syftet med studien var att samla in normdata för läpp- och tungkraft och sväljkapacitet för friska personer (över 20 år) och personer med misstänkt dysfagi (MD)/dysfagi detta för att jämföra resultaten mellan grupperna. Ett sekundärt syfte var att undersöka korrelationen mellan läpp- och tungkraft och sväljkapacitet. Metod Studien omfattade 104 deltagare varav 84 friska personer och 20 personer med MD/dysfagi. Läppkraft mättes med en läppkraftsmätare (Sauter FH 500) och tungkraft med Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Sväljkapaciteten hos deltagarna mättes med Timed Water Swallow Test (TWST). För att analysera datat användes T-test, one-way ANOVA och Pearsons korrelationskofficent. Resultat Studien fann att män hade en signifikant högre läppkraft än kvinnor. En svag positiv korrelation hittades mellan en högre sväljkapacitet och en högre läpp- och tungkraft. Den friska gruppen hade en signifikant högre sväljkapacitet än gruppen med MD/dysfagi. Slutsatser Resultaten från denna studie påvisar att män har en signifikant högre läppkraft, men inga andra skillnader hittades mellan kön eller ålder gällande läpp- och tungkraft. Mätning av endast läpp- och tungkraft anses inte tillräcklig för att identifiera potentiell dysfagi. Däremot tyder resultaten på att en lägre sväljkapacitet kan indikera sväljsvårigheter.

Bakgrund: Artificiell intelligens är en samling tekniker som har förmåga att visa människoliknande drag. Användning, investering och utveckling av AI ökar och hoppas kunna lösa framtidens utmaningar inom hälso- och sjukvården. I takt med denna utveckling behöver sjuksköterskan mer förståelse för hur AI fungerar och kan användas. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka användningen av artificiell intelligens i sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsarbete på sjukhus. Metod: Litteraturstudien har utgått från Rosén (2023) granskningsprocess för en systematisk litteraturstudie. Två databaser användes, CINAHL och PubMed. Urvalsprocessen utfördes enligt PRISMA flödesdiagram. Kvalitetsgranskningen genomfördes utifrån Forsberg och Wengström (2020) granskningsmallar. Resultatet är baserat på åtta artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras enligt tre teman; Upptäcka förändringar i hälsotillstånd, Socialt stöd samt Undervisa och informera. Slutsats: I resultatet framkommer det att användningen av artificiell intelligens kan upptäcka hälsoförändringar som fall och trycksår, minska risken för återinläggningar och läkemedelsbiverkningar samt tidigt identifiera sepsis. Artificiell intelligens kan användas som socialt stöd samt i information och undervisningssyfte.

The aim of this study is to compare the medical terms used for naming infectious diseases in French and Swedish. For each of the languages two different corpora targeting different audiences was studied, namely infectious diseases textbooks aimed primarily for medical students and the web sites of the public health agency of France and Sweden respectively addressing the public. The aspects examined was the general difference between French and Swedish in using synonyms and eponyms for naming infectious diseases, an eventual variation according to the target audience and the possible challenges facing a medical translator. The principal findings of our study revealed a difference in the use of synonyms between the languages with a presence of a double register in Swedish composed of terms derived from Swedish as well as Greek and Latin. This double register was used for both target audiences, however presented and prioritised differently. On the contrary, the French terms essentially consisted of one register, that of a Greek and Latin derivation, assumingly understood by all. This poses a possible challenge for the medical translator targeting Swedish, who needs to choose the proper term according to the audience addressed. An aspect that does not seem necessary to the same extent for the translator targeting French., Le but de cette étude est de comparer les termes médicaux utilisés pour nommer les maladies infectieuses en français et en suédois. Pour chacune des deux langues, deux corpus ciblant différents publics ont été étudiés, à savoir des ouvrages sur les maladies infectieuses destinés principalement aux étudiants en médecine et les sites web de santé publique en France et en Suède, destinés au grand public. Les aspects examinés étaient la différence générale entre le français et le suédois dans l’utilisation des synonymes et des éponymes pour nommer les maladies infectieuses, une variation éventuelle selon le public cible et les défis possibles pour un traducteur médical. Les principaux résultats de notre étude ont révélé une différence dans l’utilisation des synonymes entre les langues avec un double registre en suédois composé de termes dérivés du suédois, d’une part, et du grec et du latin, d’autre part. Ce double registre a été utilisé pour les deux publics cibles, quoique présenté et hiérarchisé différemment. En revanche, les termes français sont constitués d’un seul registre, la langue médicale dont les termes d’origine grecque et latine sont supposés être compris par tous. Cela pose un défi possible pour le traducteur médical ciblant le suédois qui doit choisir le terme propre selon le public adressé – un aspect qui ne semble pas nécessaire dans la même mesure pour la traduction vers le français.

To meet history in the archives can give a feeling of contact and closeness to the past. It can awaken a joy and interest for the subject of history. The power of the primary sources in the archives is something that could be used in historical education to not only arouse a joy for a lifelong learning but also for the understanding of the past. In order to make students develop their idea of history they need to encounter and work with primary historical sources. This also aligns with the Swedish curriculum for the subject of history as it says that the history education should give students an insight to historical methods. It also states that students should meet sources and artifacts that reflects human living conditions throughout history. The aim of this study has been to showcase the cooperation between Swedish history teachers in high school and the archives. It also studies the educational value and benefits of that cooperation. Our preconceived idea, and our own experience, has been that a lot of teachers aren't aware of the power of the archives and that the archives aren't aware of the needs that teachers and adolescents have. The study shows that this is partly true, but also highlights the parts of the collaboration that works well. This study has a qualitative approach and its method has been semi-structured interviews with both teachers and the staff of several archives. To find these informants we have used Arkivpedagogiskt Forum, a platform that connects staff in the archives who conduct educational work. The teachers of this study have been selected from our personal connections. The study’s contribution is twofold. Firstly it provides an insight to the cooperation that exists between archives and teachers today in Sweden. It shows what teachers want from the archives in order to make the cooperation more efficient, as well as the parts of the cooperation that works very well. Secondly, it shows that archives do have an enormous potential in hist

This work was carried out in the framework of the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) and has received funding from the European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement 101057014. L.M. and C.O. were co-funded by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports from the Institutional Support of LCDRO and RECETOX Research Infrastructure (LM2023069). The contribution by RISE employees (S.S., L.S., and T.W.) was co-funded by the Swedish Ministry of Climate and Enterprise. E.K.S. and I.T.C. thank the Swedish Research Council FORMAS (Grant 2020-01978) and the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (Grant Agreement 101036756; the ZeroPM project) for funding.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a 6-month home-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention to improve peak oxygen consumption (V̇O2peak) and lactate threshold (LT) in older adults. Methods: Two hundred thirty-three healthy older adults (60–84 years; 54% females) were randomly assigned to either 6-month, thrice-weekly home-based HIIT (once-weekly circuit training and twice-weekly interval training) or a passive control group. Exercise sessions were monitored using a Polar watch and a logbook for objective and subjective data, respectively, and guided by a personal coach. The outcomes were assessed using a modified Balke protocol combining V̇O2peak and LT measures. General linear regression models assessed between-group differences in change and within-group changes for each outcome. Results: There was a significant between-group difference in the pre-to-post change in V̇O2peak (difference: 1.8 [1.2; 2.3] mL/kg/min; exercise: +1.4 [1.0; 1.7] mL/kg/min [~5%]; control: −0.4 [−0.8; −0.0] mL/kg/min [approximately −1.5%]; effect size [ES]: 0.35). Compared with controls, the exercise group had lower blood lactate concentration (−0.7 [−0.9; −0.4] mmol/L, ES: 0.61), % of peak heart rate (−4.4 [−5.7; −3.0], ES: 0.64), and % of V̇O2peak (−4.5 [−6.1; −2.9], ES: 0.60) at the intensity corresponding to preintervention LT and achieved a higher treadmill stage (% incline) at LT (0.6 [0.3; 0.8]; ES: 0.47), following the intervention. Conclusion: This study highlights the effectiveness of a home-based HIIT intervention as an accessible and equipment-minimal strategy to induce clinically meaningful improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. Over 6 months, the exercise group showed larger improvements in all outcomes compared with the control group. Notably, the LT outcome exhibited a more pronounced magnitude of change than V̇O2peak. © 2024 The Author(s). Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science In Sports published b

Research shows that high-level military and sport leaders share a high-stress and high-stakes leader role due to similar experiences of demanding conditions mainly manifested in psychological burden. This raises research questions about leaders' psychological strategies to maintain their mental health and performance under demanding conditions. Thus, the current study investigated how experienced demanding conditions were related to self-rated leader performance level and mental health indicators among high-level military and sport leaders and whether the application of psychological skills by these leaders moderated these relationships. A composite questionnaire was used to collect data longitudinally, once a week for four consecutive weeks. Fifty-two Swedish high-ranking military officers and executives in elite team sport organizations completed the questionnaire. Multilevel analysis revealed no effect of demanding conditions on leader performance, but they harmed leader vitality and were associated with higher stress symptoms. Moreover, psychological skills did not moderate the relationship between demanding conditions and leader performance. However, motivational and instructional self-talk negatively moderated the relationship between demanding conditions and vitality. In contrast, emotional regulation, comprised of mindfulness and cognitive reappraisal, positively moderated vitality. Emphasizing the nuanced application of psychological skills is crucial while avoiding one-sided beliefs about their positive effects. Interventions are suggested to focus on vitality and related psychological skills to ensure leaders feel good while performing under demanding conditions. More cross-contextual leadership research, suggestively applied research, is needed to better understand the links between high-level military and sport leaders' psychological skills, leader performance, and mental health under demanding conditions. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by

Studies taking a person-centred statistical approach when examining young peoples‘psychological experiences in sport is scarce. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relationships between young football players’ psychological health resources and the psychological quality of their football-specific experiences. Data for this cross-sectional study was collected as part of the [BLINDED] arm of the larger Promoting Adolescence Physical Activity (PAPA) multi-centre project [1]. The sample consisted of young [BLINDED] male (n = 814), female (n = 576), grassroots football players between the ages of 10 and 15 years (M = 12.5 years, SD = 1.1 years). We performed a latent profile analysis using Mplus 8.4 using a robust maximum likelihood estimator (MLR). Players with the most resourceful psychological health profile experienced more coach social support (mean = 4.38) than did those with a less well-off resourceful profile (mean = 3.79) and those with the least well-off profile (mean = 3.28). Players with the most resourceful profile also felt a stronger sense of unity among their teammates and they enjoyed football more than those least well off (mean = 4.43 vrs. mean = 3.12 and mean = 4.74 vrs 3.50. respectively). Parallel between-profile differences were also found for the players’ general health resources including perceived life satisfaction, general health and family affluence as covariates. Findings suggest that variations in young players’ psychological health profiles and their general health resources play a role in the quality of their football-specific psychological experiences. © 2024 Ommundsen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited., This work was supported by the European Commission's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under the grant number 223600.

The current study follows up on the first-time implementation of the GrowTMindS Intervention described in Part I, with an overall aim of improving sports coaches’ beliefs in their talent as a coach (coach talent mindset, C-TM) and their athletes’ talent (athlete talent mindset, A-TM) as being malleable. By drawing on the user-centered design approach, we first refined the intervention using the insight provided by the coaches in Part I. A mixed-method approach then evaluated the second-time implementation, which included 33 participants (Mage = 38.76, SD = 16.55; 13 women, 20 men) in the quantitative strand and 11 informants (Mage = 39.09, SD = 14.10; 5 women, 6 men) in the sequential qualitative strand. The coaches represented the sports of swimming, bandy, ski sports, golf, and orienteering. The quantitative results indicate that the intervention targeted the coaches’ talent mindsets as their growth C-TM and A-TM scores increased from pre-test to post-test a year and a half after the intervention. The qualitative findings substantiate these results, showing how an increase at scale also appears meaningful concerning their belief in their own and their athletes’ developments. The findings also helped us to understand how the embracing, or possibly refuting, of intervention delivery may substantiate different trajectories of change, and thereby provided insight into the difficulty of targeting and the complexity of psychological processes and behavioral change. By considering the changes in coaches’ growth C-TM and A-TM, we assume that the GrowTMindS Intervention is ready for testing in a Phase III efficacy trial. Lay Summary The current study first refined the GrowTMindS Intervention to improve sports coaches’ mindsets about their talent as coaches and their athletes’ talent as being malleable and something that can grow. Then, using a mixed-method approach, the evaluation of this second-time implementation revealed a statistically significant and meaningful change

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of incurable visual impairment and impacts daily life. There are benefits of physical activity for people who are affected with AMD; however, living with AMD is associated with lower levels of physical activity and social isolation. The aim of this study was to explore how older people with AMD in Sweden experienced participation in a 6-month empowerment-based physical activity intervention and how it influenced their physical abilities. Methods: The participants were nine individuals with AMD aged 70–87 years. The intervention comprised physical and social activities in a group twice a week and individual health coaching on three occasions. The study was based on an exploratory qualitative case study design. Results: The findings showed two themes: created meaningfulness in life and creative and playful ways to develop body movements. The findings also showed improved muscle strength after the intervention. Conclusions: The findings showed that participants had increased social connectedness, improved physical self-efficacy and physical ability, as well as improved muscle strength. The empowerment process of the intervention was appreciated by the participants and challenged them to participate in physical activity offered by the municipality for older individuals. © 2024 by the authors.

The overall aim of this two-part study was to develop an intervention targeting sports coaches’ mindsets about their talent as a coach (coach talent mindset, C-TM) and their athletes’ talent (athlete talent mindset, A-TM), called the GrowTMindS Intervention. In this Part I, the intervention was developed drawing on a user-centered design approach and implemented in a coach education program in Norway. The study involved 31 coaches (5 women, 26 men) from 22 to 69 years of age, representing the sports of bandy, golf, ski sports, swimming, and volleyball. Using a mixed-methods approach, the quantitative results showed that the coaches increased their A-TM from pretest to post-test, while their C-TM, which was high at baseline, remained more challenging to target. The qualitative findings helped us understand how most coaches, through reflective processes, perceived the delivery of the intervention as sense-making and substantiated their commitment to growth talent mindsets. The qualitative findings also highlighted areas for refinement and tailoring of the intervention to target all coaches’ talent mindsets. Overall, the study was considered a necessary first step in developing an intervention showing significant and meaningful changes in coaches’ self-reported talent mindsets, consistent with the guidelines of wise psychological intervention and behavior change. © 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

The study aimed to investigate differences in hypertensive- and cardio-preventive pharmacotherapy depending on if patients with hypertension received lifestyle counseling or not, including the difference between men and women. Data from the Region Stockholm VAL database was used to identify all patients with a hypertension diagnosis and had visited a primary health care center within the past five years. Data included registered diagnoses, pharmacotherapy, and codes for lifestyle counseling. Logistic regression adjusted for age and comorbidity (diabetes, stroke, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, gout, obesity, heart failure) was used, presenting results as odds ratios (OR) with 99% confidence interval (CI). The study included 130,030 patients with hypertension; 63,402 men and 66,628 women. Patients receiving recommended lifestyle counseling were more frequently treated with three or more hypertensive drugs: women OR 1.38 (1.31, 1.45) and men = 1.36 (1.30, 1.43); certain drug classes: calcium antagonists: women 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) and men 1.11 (1.06, 1.16); thiazide diuretics: women 1.26 (1.20, 1.34) and men 1.25 (1.19, 1.32); and aldosterone antagonists: women 1.25 (1.12, 1.41) and men 1.49 (1.34, 1.65). Patients receiving recommended level of lifestyle counseling with concomitant coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, diabetes, or stroke were more frequently treated with statins than those who did not. Further, recommended lifestyle counseling was significantly associated with anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation. Lifestyle counseling according to recommendations in national guidelines was significantly associated with a more thorough pharmacological treatment of hypertension, statins, and antithrombotic drugs as well as anticoagulants, in both men and women.

The aim of the study was to examine effects of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) programme on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, sport anxiety, and experiential acceptance, compared to an inactive control group, in a population of Martial Arts (MA) athletes. Twenty-three MA athletes were subjected to the MAC intervention, and 22 MA athletes comprised the control group. To analyse potential differences in the outcome variables between the two groups, Bayesian repeated measures analysis of variance (RM-ANOVA) was used. Findings showed that the MAC-group had greater increases over time in the sport-specific mindfulness subscales awareness and acceptance and acceptance, compared to the control group. In contrast, no interaction effects were found for present moment attention (AMQ), experiential acceptance (BEAQ), and sport anxiety (SAS-2). Overall, the present study adds further information and understanding about the effectiveness and implementation of the MAC programme.

The American bully is a relatively new breed of dog, originating in United States of America and has in recent years increased in popularity in Sweden. It is an extension of the American Pitbull terrier, and is often described by breeders and owners as a gentle and friendly companion dog. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the breed and its description by reviewing legal cases and advertisements. I also reviewed information from the Swedish Board of Agriculture regarding registrations of the breed to examine how common it is in Sweden. The American Bully breed has increased with around 1000 dogs per year, and in 2023 there were 5538 dogs registered in as dogs of American Bully breed. Dogs of American Bully breed change owners over eight times more often than dogs in general in Sweden, making the breed overrepresented when it comes to ownership changes. The breed is the second most common dog breed to change ownership in the dog registry, with only mixed breed having more ownership changes. Changed circumstances in the family was the most commonly reason given in advertisements for rehoming of an American Bully dog. Breeders of American Bully describe their dogs with regard of their appearance and bloodlines instead of mentality and behaviour, and market the breed as an excellent family dog. The results of this study show that dogs of American Bully breed have caused injuries to both adults and children by attacking and biting them seemingly unprovoked. My conclusion of the American Bully breed is that it is a powerful and muscular breed of dog that is wrongly marketed as a lazy companion dog. More studies are needed with regard to the breeds health and behaviour. A breeding program from the American Bully clubs could be a possible way to correct the current problems regarding health and aggressive behaviour in the breed.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka om exposekonton reproducerar befintliga maktstrukturer och samhällsnormer bland unga. Därtill hur fenomenet påverkar dagens unga i deras liv och relationer. Målet var att öka kunskapen och lyfta ämnet kring exposekonton då det är ett socialt fenomen som saknar omfattande vetenskaplig forskning. Det är viktigt att vuxna har kunskap om ämnet, eftersom det är en del av ungas digitala vardag. Att bidra med kunskap hoppas vi leder till en ökad dialog bland vuxna. Studien genomfördes med kvantitativ metod och enkätundersökningar, totalt deltog 109 respondenter mellan 15–18 år i undersökningen i Skåne län. Resultatet i studien visar att det främst är killar som är förövare och tjejer som blir utsatta för att blir uthängda på exposekonto, vilket visar på att det finns en tydlig maktförskjutning. En stor andel av respondenterna menar på att exposekonton skapar förväntningar och normer på respektive kön. Det är tydligt att den utsatta påverkas på flera plan i livet samt upplever starka känslor av skam, nedstämdhet och ilska. Resultatet analyseras utifrån Michel Foucault & Judith Butlers teori om könsmakt samt Thomas Scheffs teorier om skam och sociala band och Raewyn Connells teori om maskuliniteter., The aim of the study was to investigate if expose accounts reproduce society's existing power structure and social norms among young people. In addition, how the phenomenon affects the lives and relationships of today's youth. The goal was to raise awareness about the topic, as it is a social phenomenon that has no scientific research. It's important for adults around young people to have knowledge about the subject, as it is a part of young people's digital life. The study was conducted using a quantitative method with surveys. A total of 109 respondents participated in the region Skane. The results of the study show that primarily boys are the perpetrators and girls are the ones who become victims for being exposed, indicating a clear power imbalance. A large percentage of the respondents believe that expose accounts create expectations and norms for each gender. It is clear that the victim is affected on several levels in life and experiencing strong emotions of shame, sadness, and anger. The results are analyzed based on Michel Foucault & Judith Butler's theory of gender power, Thomas Scheff's theories of shame and social bonds, and Raewyn Connell's theory of masculinity.

Denna studie undersöker det växande fenomenet quishing (QR-kod phishing) i ljuset av den ökande användningen av QR-koder under COVID-19-pandemin. QR-koder, som är en lösning för beröringsfri interaktion, har blivit allt vanligare och utnyttjas alltmer frekvent i skadliga phishing-attacker mot företag och deras anställda. Under 2023 observerades en dramatisk ökning på över 2 400 procent i en omfattande quishing-kampanj. Undersökningen granskar tidigare studier och forskning om quishing och framhäver behovet av att öka medvetenheten bland anställda och hur man kan implementera effektiva skyddsåtgärder. En central del av studien inkluderar en enkätundersökning och en Attack Simulation Training (AST) som genomförs i samarbete med en Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP). Målet med undersökningen är att belysa anställdas medvetenhet om quishing, deras reaktioner och vad som ligger till grund för de anställdas agerande. Vidare inkluderar studien ett experiment rörande hur effektivt MDO (Microsoft Defender for Office) och andra säkerhetslösningar upptäcker inbäddade QR-koder i olika bildformat och rörliga animationer i epost. Resultaten från enkätundersökningen och ASTn ger insikter som stärker förståelsen för företagens och de anställdas handlande i förhållande till en av många varianter av phishing.Utifrån detta kan rekommendationer för förbättringar, verktyg och policys för att motverka hotet utvecklas och anpassas till hur det verkliga förhållandet är i dagsläget. Studien strävar efter att bidra till en mer omfattande förståelse av quishing och främja framtidens säkerhetskultur inom företagsmiljöer., This study explores the rising trend of quishing (QR code phishing) in the context of the increased use of QR codes during the COVID-19 pandemic. QR codes, which facilitate contactless interactions, have become more prevalent and are increasingly exploited in malicious phishing attacks targeting companies and their employees. In 2023, a significant surge of over 2,400 percent was observed in a major quishing campaign. The research reviews previous studies on quishing and underscores the necessity of raising employee awareness and implementing effective protective measures. A key component of the study involves a survey and an Attack Simulation Training (AST) conducted in partnership with a Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP). The objective is to assess employees' awareness of quishing, their responses, and the factors influencing their behavior. Additionally, the study includes an experiment to evaluate how effectively Microsoft Defender for Office (MDO) and other security solutions detect embedded QR codes in various image formats and animations in emails. The findings from the survey and AST provide valuable insights into how companies and employees respond to different types of phishing attacks. Based on these insights, recommendations for improvements, tools, and policies can be developed and tailored to the current threat landscape. The study aims to enhance the overall understanding of quishing and promote a stronger security culture within corporate environments.

The fast fashion industry’s rapid growth has transformed consumer behavior, driven by frequent trend changes and low prices. However, this has resulted in negative environmental and societal impacts, intensified by unsustainable consumption patterns. In response, this study examines the influence of social media influencer content on unsustainable consumption behaviors among Swedish Gen Z consumers, with a particular focus on fashion items. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between social media influencers, their content, and consumers’ consumption behaviors, addressing the research question: “How does social media influencer content shape unsustainable consumption behaviors for fashion items in Swedish Gen Z?” Using qualitative methods, including focus group discussions with a convenient sample, a systematic thematic analysis was conducted to gather comprehensive insights on the topic. Findings indicate that influencers hold significant power in shaping trends and showcasing fashion alternatives, with genuine and authentic content perceived as more compelling. Consumers often compare themselves to influencers and peers on social media, leading to increased consumption driven by the desire for new and trendy items. Limited concerns for environmental and social sustainability are observed, with factors such as availability and price prioritized over sustainability considerations. Additionally, the fear of missing out on exclusive offers and discounts contributes to impulse buying behaviors, reducing decision-making time and detracting from considerations of need and sustainability. In conclusion, the study highlights the profound impact of social media influencer content on consumption behaviors among Swedish Gen Z consumers in the fashion industry.

Den svenska regeln i förhållande till internprissättning brukas benämnas korrigeringsregeln, men dess tillämpning är inte välutvecklad i förarbeten. Den är tänkt att ge uttryck för den internationellt vedertagna standarden för prissättning av gränsöverskridande transaktioner mellan bolag i intressegemenskap som kallas armlängdsprincipen. OECD ger ut omfattande riktlinjer på detta område som har givits viss rättslig ställning av Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen. Riktlinjerna uppdateras dock löpande, och stora förändringar har skett i samband med OECD:s BEPS-projekt. Denna uppsats handlar om förekomsten av oriktig uppgift och dess rättsföljd i förhållande till de svenska reglerna om internprissättning och deras tolkning. Undersökning genomförs via rättsdogmatisk metod av den oriktiga uppgiftens förekomst beskrivet i lag, förarbeten, praxis och doktrin, med beaktande av Skatteverkets roll som ansvarig myndighet. Bevisning för uppgiftens förekomst behandlas utifrån beviskrav och bevisvärdering. Olika aspekter av rättssäkerhet som utmynnar både från inhemsk rätt och intern rätt diskuteras samt internprissättning och de tillhörande kraven på dokumentation. Denna uppsats kommer till slutsatsen att domstolarnas och Skatteverkets behandling av riktlinjerna i förhållande till korrigeringsregeln leder till en bristande förutsebarhet, då uppdateringar avseende genomsyn och riskallokering saknar behandling inom svensk normgivning. Detta trots de uttalanden som väl finns i förarbeten där försiktighet förespråkas. Det presenteras även vad som utgör en oriktig uppgift i förhållande till internprissättning, och hur det högre ställda beviskravet uppnås. Detta genom att undersöka riktlinjerna som de relaterar till jämförbarhet och följande prissättning och genom resultaten av processer avseende området i övre och undre instans.

Bakgrund: I och med den ständiga utvecklingen beträffande hanteringen av internaprocesser har automatisering av aktiviteter för lager- och materialhantering ökat. Maskiner som verkar automatiskt benämns som Automated Guided Vehicles, vilket förkortas AGV, därdess utökade användningsområde inom interna processer har ökat avsevärt. Innebörden av AGV-system har genererat omfattande förbättringar av prestanda, däribland produktivitetsförbättringar. Grunden till produktivitetsförbättringarna innefattas av aspektersom att reducering av flaskhalsar samt att nedskärning vid beroende av mänsklig hantering. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att studera möjligheter och utmaningar avseende om det är aktuellt för Atea Logistics AB med en implementering av ett AGV-system för interna processer ideras internlogistikområde. Därutöver är syftet att analysera och presentera vilka förutsättningar som kan påverka lönsamheten för en distributör vid en implementering av ett AGV-system för interna processer i verksamhetens interna logistikområde. Metod: Metodvalen i studien grundar sig i ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt till studiensinledande forskningsfråga. Därefter har en kvantitativ forskningsmetod applicerats för att tillämpa uppsatsens andra forskningsfråga. Med avsikt att erhålla en bred omfattning beträffande datainsamlingen har både primär- respektive sekundärdata inhämtats. För att skapa ett välgrundat resultat har det teoretiska materialet studerats i förhållande till det empiriska underlaget. Resultat: Baserat på ett flertal variabler för prestanda diskuteras implementeringen av ett AGV-system hos Atea utifrån lönsamhet. Resultatet visade att det finns flera utmaningar samt möjligheter vid genomförandet av implementeringen, dock visar slutsatsen att det inte är genomförbart för Atea att implementera ett AGV-system med de resurser de har i nuläget. Med utgångspunkt i att studera lönsamheten för liknande distributionsföretag beträffande implementering av ett AGV-system visade det att v, Background: With the constant evolution of the management of internal processes, the automation of warehouse and material handling activities has increased. Machines that operate automatically are referred to as Automated Guided Vehicles, abbreviated as AGVs, where their extended use in internal processes has increased significantly. The adoption of AGV systems has generated widespread improvements in performance, including productivity improvements. The basis for productivity improvements includes aspects such as reducing bottlenecks and cutting dependence on human handling. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to study opportunities and challenges regarding whether it is relevant for Atea Logistics AB to implement an AGV system for internal processes in their internal logistics area. In addition, the purpose is to analyze and present the conditions that can affect the profitability of a distributor when implementing an AGV system for internal processes in the company's internal logistics area. Method: The basis for the methodological choices of the study relates to a qualitative approach to the initial research question of the study. Subsequently, a quantitative research method has been applied to address the second research question of the paper. In order to obtain a broad scope of data collection, both primary and secondary data have been collected. In order to create a well-founded result, the theoretical material has been studied in relation to the empirical data. Results: Based on several performance variables, the implementation of an AGV-system at Atea is discussed in terms of profitability. The results revealed several challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation. However, the conclusion is that it is not profitable for Atea to implement an AGV-system with the resources they have today. Based on studying the profitability of similar distribution companies regarding the implementation of an AGV-system, it was found that variables suc

Produkter med digitala element utsätts alltmer frekvent för framgångsrika cyberattacker och därmed har EU introducerat Cyber Resilience Act. Förordningen har blivit godkänd och förväntas träda i kraft under 2024, men tillverkningsföretagen behöver inte uppfylla kraven förrän 2027. Det huvudsakliga kravet i förordningen är att tillverkningsföretag inte får ha några kända säkerhetsluckor i produkter med digitala element. Denna studie, Digital säkerhet i tillverkningssektorn, undersöker hur tillverkningsföretag förhåller sig till förordningen samt hur tillverkningsföretag förebygger, identifierar och hanterar säkerhetsluckor i produkter med digitala element. En kvalitativ metod genomfördes där nio respondenter intervjuades. Studien Digital säkerhet i tillverkningssektorn visar att tillverkningsföretagens förhållningssätt gentemot förordningen baseras på mognad och medvetenhet. Penetrationstest, sårbarhetshantering och patchhantering är de främsta metoderna som används för att förebygga, identifiera och hantera säkerhetsluckor. Människans kunskap är viktig för att skapa cyberresiliens, men varierar utifrån hur avancerad tekniken är i företaget och hur mycket mänsklig expertis som finns inom området., Products with digital elements are increasingly subject to successful cyber attacks and with that the EU has introduced the Cyber Resilience Act. The regulation has been approved and is expected to enter into force in 2024, but the manufacturing companies do not have to meet the requirements until 2027. The main requirement of the regulation is that manufacturing companies must not have any known security gaps in products with digital elements. This study, Digital security in the manufacturing sector, examines how manufacturing companies relate to the regulation and how manufacturing companies prevent, identify and manage security gaps in products with digital elements. A qualitative method was carried out where nine respondents were interviewed. The study Digital security in the manufacturing sector shows that the manufacturing companies' approach to the regulation is primarily based on their maturity and awareness. Penetration testing, vulnerability management, and patch management are the main methods used to prevent, identify and manage security gaps. Human knowledge is important for creating cyber resilience, but varies based on how advanced the technology is in a company and how much human expertise there is within the field.

In today's fast-paced technological landscape, artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized the digital marketing domain. And marketing communicators have to constantly adapt to new technology and media. Although AI has grown a lot in recent years, its origins go back to the 1950s. This study aims to provide more insights into marketing communicators workflows and how they use AI in their role. This research seeks to see how swedish marketing communicators in different organizations use AI and their attitude towards it. Additionally, the researchers adopt a holistic perspective by examining the organizational structure within each company, to identify factors that facilitate or hinder the adoption of AI. This means that the focus is not only on individual attitudes but also on broader organizational and cultural aspects that influence the acceptance and usage of AI. The methodology employed in this study, a qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews with six participants, allows for a deep and nuanced understanding of participants experiences and perspectives. By using a qualitative approach with a selection of participants with substantial experience in the marketing industry, a multifaceted and representative insight into the subject matter is ensured. The results of the interviews demonstrate an interesting variation in how participants perceive and utilize AI tools. At the same time, it also highlights the uncertainties regarding the use of this technology, especially concerning the reliability and origin of the information generated by AI systems. An important observation is how the use of AI has transformed participants professional roles. The demands for delivering high-quality results have increased, subsequently driving the pace within the marketing industry. The implementation of AI is seen as a way to meet these heightened demands and remain competitive in the market. Overall, the study provides a profound insight into the complex relations

To verify nuclear weapon treaties, such as CTBT the ability to scientifically monitor treaty violations is of importance. One tool for monitoring nuclear weapons testing is the use of gamma ray spectrometry. A calibration on a multi detector element coincidence gamma spectrometer setup was performed from previously gathered experimental data. Data from one calibration sample and a blank sample were analyzed in this project. The first part consisted of energy, full width half maximum (FWHM) and efficiency calibrations, for each of the detectors. Spectra were created, showing the results in the different detectors. From the spectra, several radionuclides were identified, both background nuclides and nuclides from the calibration sample. To each peak, a Gaussian shaped curve was numerically fitted and the parameters were used to perform the calibrations. Efficiencies were calculated for the individual peaks, whereas the energy and FWHM calibrations resulted in linear relationships. During the second part of this project, coincident gamma-rays were investigated. The efficiency for a coincident decay in each detector pair was calculated. This was compared with the product of the singular efficiencies, and a correction term was introduced. Furthermore, the signal to noise ratio was compared for spectra created with different data sorting methods.

This study examined the current state of storm- and rainwater recycling for non-potable purposes in Scandinavia as well as the local conditions and challenges that influence the sustainability of storm- and rainwater recycling. Particularly, this study aimed to show how well existing storm- and rainwater recycling systems have performed, relative to the level of ambition held by the project owner and try to gauge their sustainability relative to traditional drinking water production systems. To achieve this, a literature study, a series of interviews with project owners and a multi-criteria analysis were conducted. The evaluated storm- and rainwater recycling systems performed well at both larger and smaller scales, although this was not uniform. Generally, more simple systems with minimal treatment performed better. The relative lack of experience with the systems, regulatory uncertainties as well as the cold climate were all challenges that the storm- and rainwater recycling systems faced. Broadly, the owners of the systems reported high levels of contentment with the systems and the quality of the water, but motivations for installing the systems varied between regions. Difficulties encountered generally pertained to issues that arose from the design, such as the storage being underdimensioned, or the turbidity of the water in open storage being too high, complicating treatment. There appears to be potential for applying storm- and rainwater recycling at scale in Scandinavia. In theory, such technologies deployed at scale could help ease the demand for drinking water in all Scandinavian nations. Overall, storm- and rainwater recycling may not be a panacea for the water-related challenges brought on by climate change and industrial activity, but they can be part of a solution and alleviate some issues like water shortages., Detta examensarbete undersökte det aktuella tillståndet av dag- och regnvattenåtervinning för användningsområden där drickbart vatten inte behövs i Skandinavien, samt de lokala förhållanden och utmaningar som påverkar hållbarheten av dag- och regnvattenåtervinning. Studien hade särskilt fokus på hur existerande dag- och regnvattensystem har presterat, relativt till den ambitionsnivå som fanns hos systemägarna, samt att försöka att utvärdera hållbarheten av dessa relativt den traditionella skandinaviska dricksvattenproduktionen. För att åstadkomma detta så genomfördes en litteraturstudie, flertalet intervjuer samt en multikriterieanalys. De utvärderade dag- och regnvattenåtervinningssystemen presterade väl på både stor och liten skala, men samtliga gjorde inte det. Generellt så var det de enklare systemen med minimal behandling som presterade bättre. Den relativa bristen på erfarenhet med dessa system, osäkerheter angående lagar och förordningar, samt det kalla klimatet var utmaningar som mötte dag- och regnvattenåtervinningssystemen. Generellt så rapporterade ägarna av systemen en hög nivå av tillfredsställelse med hur dessa har fungerat i praktiken samt kvaliteten på vattnet, dock så varierade motiveringarna bakom installationerna mellan olika regioner. Svårigheter som uppstod berodde ofta på problem som uppkom från designen av systemet, exempelvis underdimensionering av lagringskapacitet eller för hög grumlighet i vattnet som försvårade behandling. Det verkar finnas potential för att använda dag- och regnvattenåtervinning på stor skala i Skandinavien, och storskalig applikation av dag- och regnvattenåtervinning skulle kunna bidra till att minska dricksvattenanvändningen i samtliga skandinaviska länder. Överlag så är kanske inte dag- och regnvattenåtervinnig en mirakellösning till vattenrelaterade utmaningar orsakat av klimatförändringar och industriell aktivitet. Dock så kan dag- och regnvattenåtervinning ändå vara en del av lösningen och lindra problem så som, Drizzle-projektet