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215. Shared-control for systems with constraints

Author

Jiang, Jingjing, Astolfi, Alessandro, and Demiris, Yiannis

Subjects
629.8
Abstract

In the thesis we solve the shared-control problem for three classes of systems: a class of linear mechanical systems, mobile robots and rear wheel drive cars, via full state feedback or output feedback while ensuring that all the state constraints on the closed-loop systems are satisfied. To design the feedback controller for a system with state constraints we firstly remove all the constraints by changing the coordinates through a logarithmic function. Then the back-stepping method is used to design the controller and a Lyapunov-like analysis is used to prove stability properties of the closed-loop system. The shared-control algorithm is based on a hysteresis switch which reduces oscillations when changing the control authority from the human operator to the feedback controller or vice-versa. Unlike other shared-control methods, formal properties of the closed-loop systems with the shared-control have been rigorously established. We start the design of the full state-feedback shared-controller with the assumption that the admissible Cartesian configuration set Pa of the system is a time-invariant convex set defined by a group of linear inequalities. Then the results are extended to the design of shared-controllers via output feedback. In the cases in which only output feedback is available, we can solve the problem by either developing an observer or 'remodeling' the system. Through system remodeling we are able to deal with any shape of the admissible configuration set Pa, even time-varying ones. Simulation results help to illustrate how the shared-controller works and show its effectiveness. The state of the closed-loop system with the shared-control never violates the constraints. Experiments done on a mobile robot also demonstrate that the shared-control algorithm works well in practice and meets all safety requirements. In addition, the experimental results match the simulation ones, indicating that the modeling approximations are reasonable and suitable.

Published
2016
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222. Dioxane promoted photochemical O-alkylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond carbene insertion into C–H and C–C bonds.

Author

Zhou, Xinlong, Jiang, Jingjing, Zhang, Min, Wu, Qingqing, Zhu, Keyong, Shi, Dongjie, Hou, Sensen, Zhao, Jingjing, and Li, Pan

Subjects
*DIOXANE, *AROMATIC compounds, *ENOL ethers, *ALKYLATION, *CARBENE synthesis, *ETHER synthesis
Abstract

A photochemical synthesis of enol ethers and furan-3(2H)-ones from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and aryl diazoacetates has been developed. Significantly, 1,4-dioxane promoted O-alkylation of various 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds beyond previous carbene insertion into C–H and C–C bonds has been disclosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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224. The translocon protein FtsHi1 is an ATP‐dependent DNA/RNA helicase that prevents R‐loop accumulation in chloroplasts.

Author

Chai, Xin, Wang, Xiushun, Rong, Liwei, Luo, Manfei, Yuan, Li, Li, Qiuxin, He, Baoye, Jiang, Jingjing, Ji, Daili, Ouyang, Min, Lu, Qingtao, Zhang, Lixin, Rochaix, Jean‐David, and Chi, Wei

Subjects
RNA helicase, CHLOROPLASTS, SINGLE-stranded DNA, DNA helicases, NUCLEIC acids, GENE expression
Abstract

Summary: R‐loops, three‐stranded nucleic acid structures consisting of a DNA: RNA hybrid and displaced single‐stranded DNA, play critical roles in gene expression and genome stability. How R‐loop homeostasis is integrated into chloroplast gene expression remains largely unknown.We found an unexpected function of FtsHi1, an inner envelope membrane‐bound AAA‐ATPase in chloroplast R‐loop homeostasis of Arabidopsis thaliana.Previously, this protein was shown to function as a component of the import motor complex for nuclear‐encoded chloroplast proteins. However, this study provides evidence that FtsHi1 is an ATP‐dependent helicase that efficiently unwinds both DNA–DNA and DNA–RNA duplexes, thereby preventing R‐loop accumulation. Over‐accumulation of R‐loops could impair chloroplast transcription but not necessarily genome integrity. The dual function of FtsHi1 in both protein import and chloroplast gene expression may be important to coordinate the biogenesis of nuclear‐ and chloroplast‐encoded subunits of multi‐protein photosynthetic complexes.This study suggests a mechanical link between protein import and R‐loop homeostasis in chloroplasts of higher plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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225. Asymmetric Adrenals: Sexual Dimorphism of Adrenal Tumors.

Author

Bechmann, Nicole, Moskopp, Mats Leif, Constantinescu, Georgiana, Stell, Anthony, Ernst, Angela, Berthold, Frank, Westermann, Frank, Jiang, Jingjing, Lui, Longfei, Nowak, Elisabeth, Zopp, Stephanie, Pacak, Karel, Peitzsch, Mirko, Schedl, Andreas, Reincke, Martin, Beuschlein, Felix, Bornstein, Stefan R, Fassnacht, Martin, and Eisenhofer, Graeme

Subjects
ADRENAL tumors, SEXUAL dimorphism, EARLY diagnosis
Abstract

Context Sexual dimorphism has direct consequences on the incidence and survival of cancer. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve prognosis. Objective This work aimed to characterized the influence of sex and adrenal asymmetry on the emergence of adrenal tumors. Methods We conducted a multicenter, observational study involving 8037 patients with adrenal tumors, including adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA), cortisol-secreting adrenocortical adenomas (CSAs), non-aldosterone-producing adrenal cortical adenoma (NAPACA), pheochromocytoma (PCC), and neuroblastoma (NB), and investigated tumor lateralization according to sex. Human adrenal tissues (n = 20) were analyzed with a multiomics approach that allows determination of gene expression, catecholamine, and steroid contents in a single sample. In addition, we performed a literature review of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging–based studies examining adrenal gland size. Results ACC (n = 1858); CSA (n = 68), NAPACA (n = 2174), and PCC (n = 1824) were more common in females than in males (female-to-male ratio: 1.1:1-3.8:1), whereas NBs (n = 2320) and APAs (n = 228) were less prevalent in females (0.8:1). ACC, APA, CSA, NAPACA, and NB occurred more frequently in the left than in the right adrenal (left-to-right ratio: 1.1:1-1.8:1), whereas PCC arose more often in the right than in the left adrenal (0.8:1). In both sexes, the left adrenal was larger than the right adrenal; females have smaller adrenals than males. Conclusion Adrenal asymmetry in both sexes may be related to the pathogenesis of adrenal tumors and should be considered during the diagnosis of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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230. Automatic detection of 39 fundus diseases and conditions in retinal photographs using deep neural networks

Author

Cen, Ling-Ping, Ji, Jie, Lin, Jian-Wei, Ju, Si-Tong, Lin, Hong-Jie, Li, Tai-Ping, Wang, Yun, Yang, Jian-Feng, Liu, Yu-Fen, Tan, Shaoying, Tan, Li, Li, Dongjie, Wang, Yifan, Zheng, Dezhi, Xiong, Yongqun, Wu, Hanfu, Jiang, Jingjing, Wu, Zhenggen, Huang, Dingguo, Shi, Tingkun, Chen, Binyao, Yang, Jianling, Zhang, Xiaoling, Luo, Li, Huang, Chukai, Zhang, Guihua, Huang, Yuqiang, Ng, Tsz Kin, Chen, Haoyu, Chen, Weiqi, Pang, Chi Pui, and Zhang, Mingzhi

Published
2021
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238. Hydrogen Sulfide--Mechanisms of Toxicity and Development of an Antidote.

Author

Jiang, Jingjing, Chan, Adriano, Ali, Sameh, Saha, Arindam, Haushalter, Kristofer J, Lam, Wai-Ling Macrina, Glasheen, Megan, Parker, James, Brenner, Matthew, Mahon, Sari B, Patel, Hemal H, Ambasudhan, Rajesh, Lipton, Stuart A, Pilz, Renate B, and Boss, Gerry R

Subjects
Myocardium, Brain, Neurons, Mitochondria, Heart, Fibroblasts, Animals, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Humans, Mice, Rats, Drosophila melanogaster, Hydrogen Sulfide, Hydroxyl Radical, Sulfides, Potassium Cyanide, Cobamides, Electron Transport Complex IV, F2-Isoprostanes, Antidotes, Apoptosis, Cell Differentiation, Oxidative Stress, Male, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Mitochondria, Heart, Inbred C57BL, Nutrition, Stem Cell Research, Neurosciences, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Other Physical Sciences
Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide is a highly toxic gas-second only to carbon monoxide as a cause of inhalational deaths. Its mechanism of toxicity is only partially known, and no specific therapy exists for sulfide poisoning. We show in several cell types, including human inducible pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons, that sulfide inhibited complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and induced apoptosis. Sulfide increased hydroxyl radical production in isolated mouse heart mitochondria and F2-isoprostanes in brains and hearts of mice. The vitamin B12 analog cobinamide reversed the cellular toxicity of sulfide, and rescued Drosophila melanogaster and mice from lethal exposures of hydrogen sulfide gas. Cobinamide worked through two distinct mechanisms: direct reversal of complex IV inhibition and neutralization of sulfide-generated reactive oxygen species. We conclude that sulfide produces a high degree of oxidative stress in cells and tissues, and that cobinamide has promise as a first specific treatment for sulfide poisoning.

Published
2016

243. Evaluation of performance for malaria diagnosis in health facilities by five provincial reference laboratories of China

Author

Zhang, Xuan, primary, Jiang, Jingjing, additional, Sui, Yuan, additional, Yan, Hui, additional, Xia, Jing, additional, Liu, Ying, additional, Sun, Lingcong, additional, Wang, Xiaoxiao, additional, Marfurt, Jutta, additional, Lu, Shenning, additional, Li, Shizhu, additional, Ruan, Wei, additional, and Wang, Duoquan, additional

Published
2023
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246. Regulation of epinephrine biosynthesis in HRAS-mutant paragangliomas

Author

Li, Minghao, primary, Richter, Susan, additional, Mohr, Hermine, additional, Drukewitz, Stephan, additional, Poser, Isabel, additional, Stanke, Daniela, additional, Calsina, Bruna, additional, Martinez-Montes, Angel M, additional, Quinkler, Marcus, additional, Timmers, Henri JLM, additional, Nölting, Svenja, additional, Beuschlein, Felix, additional, Remde, Hanna, additional, Opocher, Giuseppe, additional, Rapizzi, Elena, additional, Pacak, Karel, additional, Pamporaki, Christina, additional, Robledo, Mercedes, additional, Liu, Longfei, additional, Jiang, Jingjing, additional, Bornstein, Stefan R., additional, Eisenhofer, Graeme, additional, Fliedner, Stephanie M.J., additional, and Bechmann, Nicole, additional

Published
2023
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