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It is widely known that Control Area Networks (CAN) are used in real-time, distributed and parallel processing which cover manufacture plants, humanoid robots, networking fields, etc., In applications where wireless conditions are encountered it is convenient to continue the exchange of CAN frames within the Wireless CAN (WCAN). The WCAN considered in this research is based on wireless token ring protocol (WTRP); a MAC protocol for wireless networks to reduce the number of retransmissions due to collision and the wired counterpart CAN attribute on message based communication. WCAN uses token frame method to provide channel access to the nodes in the system. This method allow all the nodes to share common broadcast channel by taken turns in transmitting upon receiving the token frame which is circulating within the network for specified amount of time. This method provides high throughput in bounded latency environment, consistent and predictable delays and good packet delivery ratio. The most important factor to consider when evaluating a control network is the end-to-end time delay between sensors, controllers, and actuators. The correct operation of a control system depends on the timeliness of the data coming over the network, and thus, a control network should be able to guarantee message delivery within a bounded transmission time. The proposed WCAN is modeled and simulated using QualNet, and its average end to end delay and packet delivery ratio (PDR) are calculated. The parameters boundaries of WCAN are evaluated to guarantee a maximum throughput and a minimum latency time, in the case of wireless communications, precisely WCAN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we present an exact theoretical analysis of an $$M/M/1$$ system, with arbitrary distribution of relative deadline for the end of service, operated under the first come first served scheduling policy with exact admission control. We provide an explicit solution to the functional equation that must be satisfied by the workload distribution, when the system reaches steady state. We use this solution to derive explicit expressions for the loss ratio and the sojourn time distribution. Finally, we compare this loss ratio with that of a similar system operating without admission control, in the cases of some common distributions of the relative deadline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that an ICP4- replication-deficient herpes simplex virus containing the Moloney murine leukaemia virus LTR fused with the coding sequence for the b-galactosidase gene can be used as a very effective vector for delivering the b-galactosidase reporter gene into the rat brain septum. F344 rats received bilateral stereotaxic injections into the nucleus of the diagonal band and into the medial septum. The X-gal stain was used to detect the activity of the expressed b-galactosidase enzyme. The delivered reporter gene was expressed successfully not only in the neuronal cells of the injected areas but also in cells that project to the injection area such as cortex cells about 6mm away from the injection sites. Expression was visible at 1, 3 and 9 weeks following injection. We conclude that this vector can effectively deliver genes into different regions of the mature mammalian brain and also to areas distant from the injection site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prediction of Kinetic Constants for Metabolism of Inhaled Vapors from Kinetic Constants Measured . Hilderbrand, Richard L., Andersen, Melvin E. and Jenkins, Lawrence J., Jr. (1981). Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 1:403-409. Benzene and toluene are metabolized by microsomal preparations in a closed metabolism flask. The K values for benzene and toluene were 8.0 and 10.3 μM; the V values were 17.2 and 20.8 nmol/g liver/min, respectively. By the use of a toxicokinetic model which acknowledges the potential for perfusion limitations on metabolism, the K values (in terms of atmospheric concentration) for benzene and toluene were calculated based on the constants determined in vitro. The predicted in vivo constants were 0.20 and 0.21 mg/L, respectively. K values experimentally determined by gas uptake techniques in the same strain of animal were 0.13 and 0.59 mg/L for benzene and toluene, respectively. For benzene predicted values and observed values for K gave good correlation. The values for toluene did not correlate quite as well. The V values predicted by direct conversion of the values obtained in vitro were 3.3 and 4.7 mg/kg/hr for benzene and toluene, respectively, and agreed well with the respective values observed in vivo of 2.2 and 4.6 mg/kg/hr. The model appeared capable of accurately predicting K values from constants. V values were predicted directly from constants. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A conference paper about artist and publisher William Cook is presented. Cook resided in Salem, Massachusetts. It discusses Cook's family, including his father, navigator Captain William Cook. The report also discusses Cook's religious aberrations, the self-publishing of his books, and a poem he wrote concerning Chestnut Street in Salem. A bibliography of his work is provided.

Background: Variations in climate have been associated with a greater risk of surgical site infections, urinary tract infections, and changes in the skin microbiome; however, limited data exist on the impact of climate on inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) infections. Aim: We sought to evaluate the impact of climate on the risk of IPP infections in a large international, multicenter cohort. Methods: We performed a multi-institutional, retrospective study of patients undergoing IPP surgery. We then evaluated whether the month or season, during which surgery was performed, affected device infections. Implant infections were defined as infections requiring device explantation. A univariate logistic regression analysis was undertaken. Outcomes: Our primary outcome was implant infection. Results: A total of 5289 patients with a mean age of 62.2 ± 10.8 years received IPP placement. There was a fairly even distribution of implants performed in each season. A total of 103 (1.9%) infections were recorded. There were 32 (31.1%) IPP infections in patients who underwent surgery in the summer, followed by 28 (27.2%) in the winter, 26 (25.2%) in the spring, and 17 (16.5%) in the fall. No statistically significant differences were recorded in terms of season (P = .19) and month (P = .29). The mean daily temperature (P = .43), dew point (P = .43), and humidity (P = .92) at the time of IPP placement was not associated with infection. Clinical Implications: These findings provide reassurance to prosthetic urologists that infection reduction strategies do not need to be tailored to local climate. Strengths and Limitations: Climate data were not directly recorded for each hospital, but rather based on the monthly averages in the city where the surgery was performed. Conclusion: The climate at time of IPP placement and time of year of surgery is not associated with IPP infection risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No validated English language patient-reported outcome (PRO) currently exists that assesses satisfaction with inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP). Satisfaction data have been largely based primarily on surgeon assessment of patients or using questionnaires that have not been designed for this purpose. To develop an English-language validated PRO that assesses patient satisfaction after IPP surgery. Initially, a literature review and discussions with experts defined domains important to IPP satisfaction (pain, appearance, function, overall satisfaction). The initial 35-item Satisfaction Survey for Inflatable Penile Implant (SSIPI) was developed. Cognitive interviews were then performed with IPP patients (n = 12) to gain feedback on the SSIPI domains and items. These data were used to modify SSIPI with the addition of 2 questions for a final item number of 37. Patients from 4 centers, who were between 6 months and 5 years after IPP, were administered the questionnaire through RedCap. Reliability statistics and content analysis were used to winnow questions to yield the final 16-item version of the SSIPI. Internal consistency was assessed via Cronbach's alpha and item-total correlation. Test-retest reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation coefficients using baseline and 2-week data. For convergent validity, the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction and the Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR) questionnaire were used. For discriminant validity, the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) was used. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the factor structure of the SSIPI. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and confirmatory factor analysis were assessed. 118 men were surveyed. Mean age was 66.8 ± 9.5 years. The 16-item SSIPI showed high internal consistency with an overall Cronbach's Alpha of 0.97 (domains 0.85–0.89). Item-total correlations for individual items to subscales ranged from 0.60 to 0.91. The overall test-retest reliability was 0.94 (domains 0.87–0.93). Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction and Self-Esteem and Relationship had correlations of 0.84 overall (domains 0.57–0.79) and 0.47 overall (domains 0.34–0.44), respectively. International Prostate Symptom Score (discriminant validity) had correlations of -0.29 overall (domains -0.17 to -0.31). SSIPI is the first English-language validated IPP satisfaction PRO. This will enable clinicians to collect satisfaction data in a standardized way. As strengths we have used a rigorous psychometric process and have no industry sponsorship. Limitations include small numbers of specific subpopulations. The SSIPI has demonstrated robust psychometric properties. Salter CA, Bach PV, Jenkins L, et al. Development and Validation of the Satisfaction Survey for Inflatable Penile Implant (SSIPI). J Sex Med 2021;18:1641–1651. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information is presented on a semi-annual meeting of the American Antiquarian Society held on April 14, 1920 at the House of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in Boston, Massachusetts. Topics discussed include the leaking roof of the library, a committee to collect ballots for potential membership, and U.S. president Thomas Jefferson.

Purpose: The purpose of this white paper is to educate health care professionals about the evolution of telemedicine (TM) and to propose a hybrid model that leverages the strengths of traditional in-person medicine as well as virtual medicine while maximizing the safety and quality of men's sexual health care. Literature Search Strategy: A literature search focused on the use of TM in urology and men's health was performed through PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science (January 1, 2012–April 26, 2022). Keywords included all known permutations of the terminology used to refer to virtual health, care as well as the terminology used to refer to urologic diseases, issues specific to men's health, and men's sexual health concerns. Publications that emerged after the literature search that met this criterion also were incorporated. Opinion pieces, letters to the editor, meeting abstracts, and conference proceedings were excluded. Additional resources were retrieved, such as governmental technical reports, legislative updates and reviews, and blogs. This search strategy yielded 1684 records across databases after removal of duplicates. Abstracts from the retrieved records were reviewed for relevance. Relevant publications were defined as those that reported data on any aspect of TM use specific to urology, men's health, and/or men's sexual health. If relevance was unclear from the abstract, then the full text of the article was retrieved for a more detailed review. In addition, the published evidence-based practice guidelines relevant to care for erectile dysfunction, Peyronie's disease, ejaculatory dysfunction, and hypogonadism were retrieved. The most common reasons for article exclusions were a focus on TM use in disciplines other than urology and the absence of data (ie, opinion pieces). After exclusions, a total of 91 publications remained and constituted the evidence base for this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor labeling states that these agents should not be used in conjunction with other erectogenic medications for fear of priapism occurring. Aim: We explored the risk of priapism and prolonged erections in men in our post–radical prostatectomy (RP) penile injection program who were using regular PDE5 inhibitor and intracavernosal injections (ICIs) as part of their rehabilitation program. Methods: The study cohort included men on penile injection therapy who (1) were taking tadalafil 5 mg daily or taking sildenafil 25 mg on noninjection days, (2) had an RP, (3) were using their respective PDE5 inhibitor regularly at the time of penile injection training, and (4) complied with the program instructions regarding penile injection use. Demographics, comorbidity details, PDE5 inhibitor dose and utilization, and injection dose and utilization data were collected. All patients underwent in-office injection training and used trimix (papaverine/phentolamine/prostaglandin E1) as the intracavernosal medication. Outcomes: Priapism was defined as a patient self-reported penetration hardness erection ≥4 hours in duration, while prolonged erection was defined as a penetration hardness erection lasting ≥2 hours. Results: A total of 112 tadalafil users and 364 sildenafil users were compared. Mean age and duration post-RP were 62 ± 14 years and 5.2 ± 12 months, respectively, and there was no difference between tadalafil and sildenafil groups. The mean trimix dose was tadalafil 24 ± 24 units and sildenafil 31 ± 37 units (P < .05). Priapism occurred in 2 (1.7%) of 112 tadalafil users and 5 (1.4%) of 364 sildenafil users (P = .47). Excluding those men experiencing priapism on any occasion, those with any reported penetration hardness erection lasting ≥2 hours were 7 (6.3%) of 112 tadalafil users and 12 (3.3%) of 364 sildenafil users (P < .01). A total of 53% of these prolonged erections occurred within the first 6 injections at home (no difference between tadalafil and sildenafil groups). Clinical Implications: We emphasize the need for continued monitoring and education on proper injection techniques to minimize the risk of adverse events in ICI and PDE5 inhibitor combination therapy. Strengths & Limitations: This study has a relatively large patient population with a considerable follow-up time. Additionally, the rigorous training, education, and monitoring of the participants, as well as the use of formal definitions for priapism and prolonged erections, enhances the accuracy and reliability of the results. However, there are some limitations, such as social desirability, confounding factors, and recall bias. Conclusion: There is no significant difference in the incidence of priapism in an ICI program in which men combine ICI with tadalafil or sildenafil. However, tadalafil patients had a higher rate of prolonged erections, which was found to occur mostly early during the titration phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]