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Introduction: Atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP) is detected in approximately 5% of prostate biopsies. Current guidelines recommend a repeat biopsy within 3–6 months after the initial diagnosis. However, clinical significance and outcomes of repeat biopsy are conflicting. Based on this situation, we conducted a meta-analysis to report the rate of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) on repeat biopsy after a diagnosis of ASAP to determine the safety and validity of deferring repeat biopsy. Methods: We searched PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Embase databases for articles published until July 2023. Two reviewers independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias for the included studies. Pooled ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Stata 17. Results: Sixteen studies and 1,796 patients were included in the meta-analysis. A total of 553 patients were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and 204 had csPCa. The pooled rate of csPCa on repeat biopsy after ASAP diagnosis was 12.1% (95% CI: 0.09, 0.15), which is a relatively low progression rate. However, we observed heterogeneity among the 16 articles. Subgroup analysis was performed, and patients who underwent repeat biopsy within 6 months according to the guidelines had a lower csPCa incidence (effective size [ES] = 0.09, 95% CI: 0.060, 0.120) than those who underwent biopsy after more than 6 months (ES = 0.221, 95% CI: 0.094, 0.349). Conclusion: Repeat biopsy can be safely deferred for patients diagnosed with ASAP. We believe our results may help improve management strategies and encourage clinicians to choose more patient-friendly or non-invasive diagnostic evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the significant challenges in deep-water drilling is calculating BHP during kickoff caused by natural gas hydrate decomposition. In this paper, the heat transport theory, seepage mechanics, and hydrate decomposition kinetics serve as the foundation for the hydrate decomposition and bottom hole pressure model. Research shows 42.8 m3 of gas have entered Well X cumulatively, resulting in a 1.66 MPa pressure decrease and a 6.9-hour-recovery period. The monitoring of high saturation and porosity formations needs to be strengthened, and drilling parameters need to be modified to protect the stability of the wellbore, according to the analysis of formation parameters and drilling parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the family Microdochiaceae (Xylariales, Sordariomycetes) have been reported from worldwide, and collected from different plant hosts. The proposed new genus and two new species, viz., Macroidriella gen. nov., M. bambusae sp. nov. and Microdochium australe sp. nov., are based on multi-locus phylogenies from a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, LSU, RPB2 and TUB2 with morphological characteristics. Microdochium sinense has been collected from diseased leaves of Phragmites australis and this is the first report of the fungus on this host plant. Simultaneously, we annotated 10,372 to 11,863 genes, identified 4,909 single-copy orthologous genes, and conducted phylogenomic analysis based on genomic data. A gene family analysis was performed and it will expand the understanding of the evolutionary history and biodiversity of the Microdochiaceae. The detailed descriptions and illustrations of species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AimTo examine the therapeutic/preventive potential of liposome-encapsulated spironolactone (SP; Lipo-SP) for acute lung injury (ALI) and fibrosis.Materials & methodsLipo-SP was prepared by the film-ultrasonic method, and physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characterized for oral administration (10 and 20 mg/kg for SP-loaded liposome; 20 mg/kg for free SP) in a mouse model bleomycin-induced ALI.ResultsLipo-SP enhanced bioavailability of SP with significant amelioration in lung pathology. Mechanistically, SP-mediated mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism contributes to inflammatory monocyte/macrophage modulation via an inhibitory effect on Ly6C(hi) monocytosis-directed M2 polarization of alveolar macrophages. Moreover, Lipo-SP at lower dose (10 mg/kg) exhibited more improvement in body weight gain.ConclusionOur data highlight Lipo-SP as a promising approach with therapeutic/preventive potential for ALI and fibrosis.

In experimental myocardial infarction (MI), a rise in cell counts of circulating monocyte subsets contributes to impaired myocardial healing and to atherosclerotic plaque destabilization. In humans, the prognostic role of monocyte subsets in patients suffering ST-elevation MI (STEMI) is still unclear. In the present study, we aimed to determine the kinetics of the 3 monocyte subsets (classical CD14++CD16-, intermediate CD14++CD16+, and nonclassical CD14+CD16++ monocytes), as well as the subset-specific monocyte-platelet aggregates (MPA), in acute STEMI followed by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and their relationships with cardiovascular outcomes during a 2-year follow-up.Monocyte subsets and MPA were measured in 100 STEMI patients receiving primary PCI on days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 of symptom onset, which were compared with 60 stable coronary heart disease patients and 35 healthy volunteers. From day 1 to day 7, significant increases in the counts of CD14++CD16+ monocytes and CD14++CD16+ MPA were observed, with peak levels on day 2. During a median follow-up of 2.0 years, 28 first cardiovascular events (defined as cardiovascular death, nonfatal ischemic stroke, recurrent MI, need for emergency or repeat revascularization, and rehospitalization for heart failure) were recorded. After adjustment for confounders, CD14++CD16+ monocytosis (day 1 [HR: 3.428; 95% CI: 1.597-7.358; P = 0.002], day 2 [HR: 4.835; 95% CI: 1.106-21.13; P = 0.04], day 3 [HR: 2.734; 95% CI: 1.138-6.564; P = 0.02], and day 7 [HR: 2.647; 95% CI: 1.196-5.861; P = 0.02]), as well as increased levels of CD14++CD16+ MPA measured on all time points (days 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7), had predictive values for adverse cardiovascular events.In conclusion, our data show the expansion of the CD14++CD16+ monocyte subset during acute phase of STEMI has predictive values for 2-year adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients treated with primary PCI. Future studies will be warranted to elucidate whether CD14++CD16+ monocytes may become a target cell population for new therapeutic strategies after STEMI.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) comprise a spectrum of syndromes that range in severity from gestational hypertension and pre-eclamplsia (PE) to eclampsia, as well as chronic hypertension and chronic hypertension with superimposed PE. HDP occur in 2% to 10% of pregnant women worldwide, and impose a substantial burden on maternal and fetal/infant health. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women. The high prevalence of non-obstructive coronary artery disease and the lack of an efficient diagnostic workup make the identification of CVD in women challenging. Accumulating evidence suggests that a previous history of PE is consistently associated with future CVD risk. Moreover, PE as a maladaptation to pregnancy-induced hemodynamic and metabolic stress may also be regarded as a "precision" testing result that predicts future cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the development of PE provides a tremendous, early opportunity that may lead to changes in maternal and infant future well-being. However, the underlying pathogenesis of PE is not precise, which warrants precision medicine-based approaches to establish a more precise definition and reclassification. In this review, we proposed a stage-specific, PE-targeted algorithm, which may provide novel hypotheses that bridge the gap between Big Data-generating approaches and clinical translational research in terms of PE prediction and prevention, clinical treatment, and long-term CVD management.

To investigate the feasibility of blood oxygen level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI) in evaluating human subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue (AT) oxygenation status, as well as their responses to dietary salt loading/depletion, we enrolled 16 healthy subjects [mean body mass index (BMI): 24.8 ± 2.7 kg/m(2)] to conduct a dietary intervention study, beginning with a 3-day run-in period for usual diet, followed by a 7-day high-salt diet (≥ 15 g NaCl/day) and a 7-day low-salt diet (≤ 5 g NaCl/day). Abdominal BOLD-MRI scan was performed to evaluate oxygenation in waist subcutaneous and perirenal (visceral) AT. Two subjects with lower BMI were excluded because of the difficulty to identify subcutaneous AT. High salt diet led to a consistent increase in R2* signal (a parameter for increased hypoxia) both in subcutaneous and visceral AT (all P < 0.0001), which was completely regressed to baseline levels by low salt diet. In addition, subcutaneous AT R2* values at any time points, were all higher than that of visceral AT (all P < 0.0001). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the visceral AT R2* levels were negatively associated obesity indicators (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and BMI). On the contrary, although a trend towards negative associations between the subcutaneous AT R2* and obesity indicators was observed, none of the associations reached statistical significances. Thus, our data demonstrate the possibility of simultaneous detection of human subcutaneous and visceral AT oxygenation status using BOLD-MRI. In addition, there is a more close relationship visceral AT oxygenation status and the development of obesity.