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Supplementary Materials and Methods

Clinical stages and the percentage of ALDH1+ cells and mir-100+ cells of the 94 patients.

Subtypes of the 94 patients.

Figure S1. Comparison of ALDH-positive population in different breast cancer cell lines and primary xenografts (UM2, MC1, UM1). Figure S2. mir-100 overexpression decreases ki67+ population in vitro. Figure S3. mir-100 overexpression inhibits the proliferation of both ALDH+ population and ALDH- population. Figure S4. mir-100 inhibits tumor growth of SUM149, MCF7 and T47D in NOD/SCID mice. Figure S5. mir-100 expression is higher in the tumor cells from mir-100 group compared to that from CTRL group. Figure S6. The percentage of ALDH+ cells in both primary CTRL and secondary CTRL tumors were increased compared to the parental cells injected. Figure S7. mir-100 expression is higher in the tumor cells from mir-100 induction groups with DOX (Late and Early) compared to that from CTRL group. Figure S8. mir-100 overexpression is necessary to maintain the inhibition of SUM159 tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice. Figure S9. mir-100 knockdown increases tumor growth in vivo. Figure S10. mir-100 inhibits metastasis of Both Total (Unseparated) and ALDH+ SUM159 cells in vivo. Figure S11. Identification of direct targets of mir-100. Figure S12. Knockdown of mir-100 targets mimic the effects of mir-100 overexpression. Figure S13. Verification of SMARCA5 and SMARCD1 level by Western blot. Figure S14. SMARCA5 and SMARCD1 are direct and functional targets of mir-100 in SUM149 cells. Figure S15. Kaplan-Meier survival curves based on the expression of SMARCA5 and SMARCD1.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the key methodology for mapping the functions of the human brain in a noninvasive manner, is limited by low temporal and spatial resolution. Recent advances in ultra-high field (UHF) fMRI provide a mesoscopic (i.e., submillimeter resolution) tool that allows us to probe laminar and columnar circuits, distinguish bottom-up versus top-down pathways, and map small subcortical areas. We review recent work demonstrating that UHF fMRI provides a robust methodology for imaging the brain across cortical depths and columns that provides insights into the brain's organization and functions at unprecedented spatial resolution, advancing our understanding of the fine-scale computations and interareal communication that support visual cognition. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Vision Science, Volume 9 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Variations of the vasculature at splenic flexure by left colic artery (LCA) and middle colic artery (MCA) remain ambiguous.This study aim to investigate the anatomical variations of the branches from LCA and MCA at splenic flexure area.Using ultra-thin CT images (0.5-mm thickness), we traced LCA and MCA till their merging site with paracolic marginal arteries through maximum intensity projection (MIP) reconstruction and computed tomography angiography (3D-CTA).A total of 229 cases were retrospectively enrolled. LCA ascending branch approached upwards till the distal third of the transverse colon in 37.6%, reached the splenic flexure in 37.6%, and reached the lower descending colon in 23.1%, and absent in 1.7% of the cases. Areas supplied by MCA left branch and aMCA were 33.2%, 44.5% and 22.3% in the proximal, middle and distal third of transverse colon of the cases, respectively. The accessory MCA separately originated from the superior mesenteric artery was found in 17.9% of the cases. Mutual correlation was found that, when the LCA ascending branch supplied the distal transverse colon, MCA left branch tended to feed the proximal transverse colon; when the LCA ascending branch supplied the lower part of descending colon, MCA left branch was more likely to feed the distal third of transverse colon.Vasculature at splenic flexure by LCA and MCA varied at specific pattern. This study could add more anatomical details for vessel management in surgeries for left-sided colon cancer.

In the microscale, bacteria with helical body shapes have been reported to yield advantages in many bio-processes. In the human society, there are also wisdoms in knowing how to recognize and make use of helical shapes with multi-functionality. Herein, we designed atypical chiral mesoporous silica nano-screws (CMSWs) with ideal topological structures (e.g., small section area, relative rough surface, screw-like body with three-dimension chirality) and demonstrated that CMSWs displayed enhanced bio-adhesion, mucus-penetration and cellular uptake (contributed by the macropinocytosis and caveolae-mediated endocytosis pathways) abilities compared to the chiral mesoporous silica nanospheres (CMSSs) and chiral mesoporous silica nanorods (CMSRs), achieving extended retention duration in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and superior adsorption in the blood circulation (up to 2.61- and 5.65-times in AUC). After doxorubicin (DOX) loading into CMSs, DOX@CMSWs exhibited controlled drug release manners with pH responsiveness in vitro. Orally administered DOX@CMSWs could efficiently overcome the intestinal epithelium barrier (IEB), and resulted in satisfactory oral bioavailability of DOX (up to 348%). CMSWs were also proved to exhibit good biocompatibility and unique biodegradability. These findings displayed superior ability of CMSWs in crossing IEB through multiple topological mechanisms and would provide useful information on the rational design of nano-drug delivery systems.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common malignancy that leads to significant mortality around the world. Chronic colonic inflammation could induce a protumor effect by the massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, facilitating migration, invasion, and metastasis of malignant cells in colorectal cancer. Therefore, developing a combination regimen of anti-inflammation and antitumor therapies is a promising strategy for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Here, we report that tannic acid-containing nanoparticles, formed by a turbulent-mixing technique, have exhibited uniform size, high stability, and pH-triggered drug release in the gastrointestinal tract, and could overcome intestinal mucosa for drug delivery in the colorectal region. As a drug carrier itself, with potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, tannic acid-containing nanoparticles showed great therapeutic effect in preventing the development of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) through oral administration. Furthermore, we used a therapeutic nanocarrier to deliver chemotherapeutic drugs for CAC treatment, generating lower systemic toxicity and superior antitumor performance through concurrent anti-inflammation and antitumor treatment. As a result, we confirmed that the drug carrier itself with therapeutic function could improve the overall therapeutic performance, and provided a safe and effective tannic acid-containing nanoplatform for the prevention and treatment of colon diseases.

The MS 6.0 earthquake in Changning, Sichuan, China, on 17 June 2019 was the largest recorded earthquake in the stable Sichuan Basin. It occurred in a complicated region with salt mine and shale gas production. Whether this earthquake is induced raises concerns among the public and the scientific community. Furthermore, the relation between this earthquake and nearby industrial activities has also been of great interest. To address these questions, we estimated the nonstationary background seismicity rate and inverted for spatiotemporal stress changes. The results show that the background rate dramatically increased after hydraulic fracturing and remained at a high level until the present. Starting in 2005, the study region experienced an accelerating stress increase, and the rates of cumulative modified Coulomb stress changes were approximately 0.11 MPa/year from January 2005 to January 2015 and 0.24 MPa/year from January 2015 to December 2018. The 2019 Changning earthquake produced a stress step of 0.32 MPa. A clear difference between seismicity induced by salt mine injection and by hydraulic fracturing is documented. Our results suggest that the Changning sequence might have been induced by long-term injection for salt production. Furthermore, the seismicity-stress inversion method provides a tool for using seismicity rate changes as a stress meter to monitor human-induced seismicity., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)