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Setting the pace of life and constraining the role of members in food webs, body size can affect the structure and dynamics of communities across multiple scales of biological organization (e.g., from the individual to the ecosystem). However, its effects on shaping microbial communities, as well as underlying assembly processes, remain poorly known. Here, we analyzed microbial diversity in the largest urban lake in China and disentangled the ecological processes governing microbial eukaryotes and prokaryotes using 16S and 18S amplicon sequencing. We found that pico/nano-eukaryotes (0.22−20 μm) and micro-eukaryotes (20−200 μm) showed significant differences in terms of both community composition and assembly processes even though they were characterized by similar phylotype diversity. We also found scale dependencies whereby micro-eukaryotes were strongly governed by environmental selection at the local scale and dispersal limitation at the regional scale. Interestingly, it was the micro-eukaryotes, rather than the pico/nano-eukaryotes, that shared similar distribution and community assembly patterns with the prokaryotes. This indicated that assembly processes of eukaryotes may be coupled or decoupled from prokaryotes’ assembly processes based on eukaryote cell size. While the results support the important influence of cell size, there may be other factors leading to different levels of assembly process coupling across size classes. Additional studies are needed to quantitatively parse the influence of cell size versus other factors as drivers of coordinated and divergent community assembly processes across microbial groups. Regardless of the governing mechanisms, our results show that there are clear patterns in how assembly processes are coupled across sub-communities defined by cell size. These size-structured patterns could be used to help predict shifts in microbial food webs in response to future disturbance.

Ni-Fe layered double hydroxide (NiFe-LDH) is regarded as one of the promising non-noble electrocatalyst. However, the limited number of active sites and poor electrical conductivity impede its further development. Herein, we report the synthesis of a Ni foam supported NiFe-LDH electrocatalyst modified by V doping and sulfuration (NiFeV-S/NF). This modification endows the catalyst excellent property toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and overall water splitting. Only 211 mV and 127 mV of the overpotentials are required to achieve the current density of 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER in 1 M KOH electrolyte, respectively. Particularly, the prepared NiFeV-S/NF could serve as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting, with a cell voltage of 1.573 V to reach a current density of 10 mA cm−2. In principle, the success relies on the intrinsically improved conductivity, increased specific surface area and the number of active sites, as well as the heterojunction structure of the catalyst. Therefore, this work provides a new idea for the design and preparation of more efficient noble-metal-free bifunctional electrocatalysts.

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and long-term disability worldwide. More than 80 % of strokes are ischemic, caused by an occlusion of cerebral arteries. Without question, restoration of blood supply as soon as possible is the first therapeutic strategy. Nonetheless paradoxically, reperfusion can further aggravate the injury through a series of reactions known as cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI). Mitochondria play a vital role in promoting nerve survival and neurological function recovery and mitochondrial dysfunction is considered one of the characteristics of CIRI. Neurons often die due to oxidative stress and an imbalance in energy metabolism following CIRI, and there is a strong association with mitochondrial dysfunction. Altered mitochondrial dynamics is the first reaction of mitochondrial stress. Mitochondrial dynamics refers to the maintenance of the integrity, distribution, and size of mitochondria as well as their ability to resist external stimuli through a continuous cycle of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Therefore, improving mitochondrial dynamics is a vital means of treating CIRI. This review discusses the relationship between mitochondria and CIRI and emphasizes improving mitochondrial dynamics as a potential therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of CIRI.

Chronic pain can cause both hyperalgesia and anxiety symptoms. However, how the two components are encoded in the brain remains unclear. The prelimbic cortex (PrL), a critical brain region for both nociceptive and emotional modulations, serves as an ideal medium for comparing how the two components are encoded. We report that PrL neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (PrLBLA) and those projecting to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (PrLl/vlPAG) were segregated and displayed elevated and reduced neuronal activity, respectively, during pain chronicity. Consistently, optogenetic suppression of the PrL-BLA circuit reversed anxiety-like behaviors, whereas activation of the PrL-l/vlPAG circuit attenuated hyperalgesia in mice with chronic pain. Moreover, mechanistic studies indicated that elevated TNF-α/TNFR1 signaling in the PrL caused increased insertion of GluA1 receptors into PrLBLA neurons and contributed to anxiety-like behaviors in mice with chronic pain. Together, these results provide insights into the circuit and molecular mechanisms in the PrL for controlling pain-related hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behaviors.

Photothermal therapy (PTT) has been widely investigated as a regimen for superficial tumors. However, conventional PTT strategies usually require photothermal temperatures above 50 °C to achieve significant therapeutic efficacy, which in effect would lead to injury to adjacent normal tissues and meanwhile, the heat generated by the photothermal effect would induce inflammation owing to the damage to cytoplasmic components. In order to reduce the toxicity of photothermal therapy and increase the efficiency of photothermal tumor destruction, novel strategies are prerequisite for targeted regimen and surveillance of photothermal therapy in real time. In this paper, we reported a concave mesoporous polydopamine-targeting nanotherapeutic agent. We employed B-MPDA as the carrier and encapsulated CQ and ASP to yield B-MPDA/CQ/ASP which was loaded with autophagy inhibitors and anti-inflammatory agents and coated uniformly with MnO2 Nanosheet. With HA functionalizing MnO2 Nanosheet, B-MPDA/CQ/ASP@MnO2-HA was constituted. The yielded nanoparticles were identified to be advantageous for good biocompatibility, potent targeting and low toxicity. In anti-tumor regimens, the nanoparticles can be applied to hyaluronic acid targeting, mesoporous polydopamine thermotherapy, and autophagy inhibitor sensitization thermotherapy, and simultaneously eliminate the inflammatory effects induced by photothermal therapy. Furthermore, in combination with the anti-inflammatory effect of targeting tumor, this agent can effectively induce apoptosis of cancer cells and significantly improve the efficiency of mild photothermal killing of cancer cells, which provides insight into the development of nanoparticles and application to mild photothermal therapy in the clinical scenario.

The J-TEXT capability is enhanced compared to two years ago with several upgrades of its diagnostics and the increase of electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) power to 1 MW. With the application of electron cyclotron wave (ECW), the ECW assisted plasma startup is achieved; the tearing mode is suppressed; the toroidal injection of 300 kW ECW drives around 24 kA current; fast electrons are generated with toroidal injected ECW and the runaway current conversion efficiency increases with ECRH power. The mode coupling between 2/1 and 3/1 modes are extensively studied. The coupled 2/1 and 3/1 modes usually lead to major disruption. Their coupling can be either suppressed or avoided by external resonant magnetic perturbation fields and hence avoids the major disruption. It is also found that the 2/1 threshold of external field is significantly reduced by a pre-excited 3/1 mode, which can be either a locked island or an external kink mode. The disruption control is studied by developing prediction methods capable of cross tokamak application and by new mitigation methods, such as the biased electrode or electromagnetic pellet injector. The high-density operation and related disruptions are studied from various aspects. Approaching the density limit, the collapse of the edge shear layer is observed and such collapse can be prevented by applying edge biasing, leading to an increased density limit. The density limit is also observed to increase, if the plasma is operated in the poloidal divertor configuration or the plasma purity is increased by increasing the pre-filled gas pressure or ECRH power during the start-up phase.

It is imperative to study individual brain functioning toward understanding the neural bases responsible for individual behavioral and clinical traits. The complex and dynamic brain activity varies from area to area and from time to time across the entire brain, and BOLD-fMRI measures this spatiotemporal activity at large-scale systems level. We present a novel method to investigate task-evoked whole brain activity that varies not only from person to person but also from task trial to trial within each task type, offering a means of characterizing the individuality of human brains when performing tasks. For each task trial, the temporal correlation of task-evoked ideal time signal with the time signal of every point in the brain yields a full spatial map that characterizes the whole brain’s functional co-activity (FC) relative to the task-evoked ideal response. For any two task trials, regardless of whether they are the same task or not, the spatial correlation of their corresponding two FC maps over the entire brain quantifies the similarity between these two maps, offering a means of investigating the variation in the whole brain activity trial to trial. The results demonstrated a substantially varied whole brain activity from trial to trial for each task category. The degree of this variation was task type-dependent and varied from subject to subject, showing a remarkable individuality of human brains when performing tasks. It demonstrates the potential of using the presented method to investigate the relationship of the whole brain activity with individual behavioral and clinical traits.

In recent years, the exploration of oil and gas in China’s Precambrian strata has garnered significant attention, leading to notable advancements in exploration play assessment. However, there is a dearth of published literature on Proterozoic source rocks’ organic sources, sedimentary environments, marine hydrochemistry, and other attributes. This study focuses on investigating potential source rocks within the Hongshuizhuang and Xiamaling Formations in the Jibei Depression of North China. A comprehensive analysis was conducted to evaluate hydrocarbon generation characteristics, using hydrocarbon biomarkers and polar compounds as geochemical indicators for precursor biota and maturity levels. The results indicate high organic matter abundance with predominantly type I-II1 organic matter composition in the studied source rocks. These samples are at an immature–low mature stage, with the potential for primarily generating aromatic crude oil. The parent material is mainly attributed to lower aquatic organisms, such as bacteria and algae. The sedimentary environment exhibits marine facies, characterized by high evaporation rates, salinity levels, and strong euxinic conditions, that led to sulfur incorporation into the organic matter matrix. It should be noted that correlations between biomarker parameters and maturity may not be fully applicable to ancient source rocks; however, the methyldibenzothiophene ratio (MDR) demonstrates a strong correlation with Tmax. The compounds and their total monoisotope ions abundance (TMIA) were primarily identified and analyzed using FT–ICR MS. It was observed that these compounds were influenced by the depositional environment and organic matter maturity. Importantly, it was clearly demonstrated that the DBE and carbon number range of CH compounds gradually increased with maturity, due to the removal of N, S, and O functional groups. Specifically, N1 compounds predominantly consisted of carbazoles with short alkyl side chains which readily converted into N1Ox compounds. On the other hand, O1 compounds mainly comprised benzofurans with low abundance, indicating a reducing sedimentary environment, as suggested by their low TMIA values. Furthermore, S1 compounds were primarily thiophenes whose DBE range and carbon number increased with maturity, possibly suggesting an abiotic input of inorganic sulfur. Notably, the maturity indices (MAT) proved suitable for Mesoproterozoic source rocks while exhibiting strong linear relationships.

Based on the study of the marine environmental capacity, a water quality model and a response field-based linear programming method are adopted here. Water quality control objectives are taken as the constraint conditions, according to the requirements of Jinpu Bay’s functional zoning. The pollutant response coefficient and water quality background value are combined with the values of the water concentration quality control points set in each functional area and the target value of the functional area wherein they are located. The maximum allowable emission intensity of inorganic nitrogen, phosphate and chemical oxygen demand (COD) can be calculated using the linear programming method of the maximum allowable emission of pollutants at estuaries or sewage outfall points on Jinpu Bay. The research results reveal the diffusion of marine pollutants and the marine environmental capacity of Jinpu Bay. Some rivers need to reduce the discharge intensity and some other outlets still have a certain residual capacity. Based on this, the environmental capacity of Jinpu Bay was evaluated, and a technical reference is provided for the economic development of the region and the formulation of pollutant emission control policies.

To observe meteorite ablation, simulation experiments were conducted on the L5 ordinary chondrite and IAB-MG iron meteorites in an arc-heated facility and three flight conditions were reproduced. To mimic the high heating rates and the significant shear stress that meteorites experience during Earth entry, the samples were machined into 9° spherical cones with a 20 mm nose radius. High-quality video, the surface temperature, a time-resolved spectrum, and infrared video were recorded. The atom species were determined via spectroscopy to analyze the ablation products. Due to the electrode erosion and dissociation of air, the atomic lines of copper, nitrogen, and oxygen were detected in all the tests. Although the copper atom is a pollutant to the flow field, the five copper lines were used to determine the flow-field temperature. The ablation rates and effective heat of ablation of both the samples were measured under different conditions. The results indicate that shear stress is the dominant factor influencing meteorite ablation. Furthermore, the diversity between stony and iron meteorites suggests that the mass loss of stony meteorites depends on the fragmentation of the main body and that of iron meteorites depends on the shearing loss of the molten layer. Then, the fusion crusts were analyzed, the microstructures of the samples were obtained, the crust thicknesses were measured, and the elemental distribution of the stony meteorites was determined via energy dispersion spectroscopy. The study results explain the differences in the ablation and recrystallization process between stony and iron meteorites.

Cotton processing is the process of converting harvested seed cotton into lint by cleaning, ginning, and cleaning the lint. The real-time acquisition of lint parameters during processing is critical in improving cotton processing quality and efficiency. The existing online inspection system cannot realize quantitative sampling detection, resulting in large fluctuations in the detection of moisture rate, and the impurity content of lint can only be measured according to the number of impurity grains and the percentage of impurity areas. This research developed a quantitative sampling device for cotton lint processing that can collect the right number of cotton samples and obtain the weight of the samples, laying the foundation for the accurate detection of cotton lint dampness and impurity rates. This research aimed to develop an online quantitative sampling device with a sampling plate as its core. The quantitative sampling procedure, consisting of a gas–solid two-phase flow in a cotton pipeline, was numerically simulated and experimentally analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM). According to the coupling results, the maximum pressure differential between the top and bottom regions of the sampling plate when conveying was 1024.45 Pa. This pressure is adequate to allow for cotton samples to accumulate on the sampling plate. Simultaneously, the steady conveying speed of lint is 59.31% of the unloaded conveying wind speed, providing a theoretical foundation for the sampling time of the quantitative sample device in the processing chain. The results from testing the prototype indicate that the quantitative sampling device in the cotton flow can effectively perform the quantitative sampling of cotton lint under uniform conditions, with a sampling pass rate of 84%.

Influenced by autochthonous geological conditions and external environmental changes, the evolution of landslides is mostly nonlinear. This article proposes a combined neural network prediction model that combines a temporal convolutional neural network (TCN) and a bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (BiLSTM) to address the shortcomings of traditional recurrent neural networks in predicting displacement-fluctuation-type landslides. Based on the idea of time series decomposition, the improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with an adaptive noise method (ICEEMDAN) was used to decompose displacement time series data into trend and fluctuation terms. Trend displacement is mainly influenced by the internal geological conditions of a landslide, and polynomial fitting is used to determine the future trend displacement; The displacement of the fluctuation term is mainly influenced by the external environment of landslides. This article selects three types of landslide-influencing factors: rainfall, groundwater level elevation, and the historical displacement of landslides. It uses a combination of gray correlation (GRG) and mutual information (MIC) correlation modules for feature screening. Then, TCN is used to extract landslide characteristic factors, and BiLSTM captures the relationship between features and displacement to achieve the prediction of wave term displacement. Finally, the trend term and fluctuation term displacement prediction values are reconstructed to obtain the total displacement prediction value. The results indicate that the ICEEMDAN–TCN–BiLSTM model proposed in this article can accurately predict landslide displacement and has high engineering application value, which is helpful for planning and constructing landslide disaster prevention projects.

Despite extensive research on orchid reproductive strategies, the genetic studies of sex differentiation in the orchid family are still lacking. In this study, we compared three sexual phenotypes of Cymbidium tortisepalum bisexual flowers as well as female and male unisexual mutants. Through comparative transcriptomes, we analyzed the sex-biased differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and gene co-expression networks of sex organs (gynostemium and ovary) among them, identified the candidate genes of sex differentiation, and validated their expression by qRT-PCR. The C. tortisepalum unisexual mutants with degenerated phenotypes were compared to the bisexual plants with respect to both the flower organs and plant morphologies. Totally, 12,145, 10,789, and 14,447 genes were uniquely expressed in the female, male, and hermaphrodite sex organs, respectively. A total of 4291 sex-biased DEGs were detected among them, with 871, 2867, and 1937 DEGs in the comparisons of bisexual vs. female, bisexual vs. male, and male vs. female flowers, respectively. Two co-expressed network modules, with 81 and 419 genes were tightly correlated with female sexual traits, while two others with 265 and 135 genes were highly correlated with male sexual traits. Two female-biased hub genes (CtSDR3b and CtSDR3b-like) nested in the female modules, the homologs of maize sex determinant tasselseed2, may control the feminization of C. tortisepalum. At the same time, two male-biased hub genes (CtYAB2 and CtYAB5) nested in the male modules, the homologs of grape sex determinant VviYABBY3, may control the androphany of C. tortisepalum. This study discovered the molecular regulation networks and proposed a model for orchid sex differentiation, therefore providing for the first time the genetic basis for the sex separation in the orchid family.

This graphic uses cartogram analysis to demonstrate how Covid-19 affects high-speed rail (HSR) and air networks in China. During the first round of the Covid-19 outbreak, intercity transportation networks significantly decreased their service. However, the supply of transport hubs was retained to ensure basic service coverage and efficiency. Conversely, air transportation was affected more than HSR networks. The average number of daily flights declined to 19% of the original traffic, while high-speed trains maintained their original 64%. This disparity is explained by the owners and operation of the two transportation networks and their different roles in intercity connections.

Squamous cell carcinomas are an aggressive cancer type which can occur in multiple organ systems. Here, the authors analyse the proteome of SCC cancers from 17 organs and show commonly dysregulated proteins independent of location.

Optimising antibody properties such as affinity can be detrimental to other key properties. Here the authors use machine learning to simplify the identification of antibodies with co-optimal levels of affinity and specificity for a clinical-stage antibody that displays high levels of on- and off-target binding.

Abstract Regulator of G-protein signaling 6 (RGS6) is a newly discovered tumor suppressor that has been shown to be protective in development of various cancers such as breast cancer and bladder cancer. But the mechanisms underlying these tumor-suppressing functions of RGS6 are not fully understood. Here, we discover a novel function of RGS6 in suppressing TGF-β-induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and in vivo NSCLC metastasis. Using both bioinformatics and experimental tools, we showed that RGS6 was downregulated in lung cancer tissues compared to noncancerous counterparts, and low expression of RGS6 was associated with poor survival of lung cancer patients. Overexpression of RGS6 suppressed TGF-β-induced EMT in vitro and TGF-β-promoted metastasis in vivo, by impairing gene expression of downstream effectors induced by the canonical TGF-β-SMAD signaling. The ability of RGS6 to suppress TGF-β-SMAD-mediated gene expression relied on its binding to SMAD4 to prevent complex formation between SMAD4 and SMAD2/3, but independent of its regulation of the G-protein signaling. Interaction between RGS6 and SMAD4 caused less nuclear entry of p-SMAD3 and SMAD4, resulting in inefficient SMAD3-mediated gene expression. Taken together, our findings reveal a novel and noncanonical role of RGS6 in regulation of TGF-β-induced EMT and metastasis of NSCLC and identify RGS6 as a prognostic marker and a potential novel target for NSCLC therapy.

Abstract Background The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 continues to pose a serious threat to human health and social. The ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has made a serious threat to public health and economic stability worldwide. Given the urgency of the situation, researchers are attempting to repurpose existing drugs for treating COVID-19. Methods We first established an anti-coronavirus drug screening platform based on the Homogeneous Time Resolved Fluorescence (HTRF) technology and the interaction between the coronavirus spike protein and its host receptor ACE2. Two compound libraries of 2,864 molecules were screened with this platform. Selected candidate compounds were validated by SARS-CoV-2_S pseudotyped lentivirus and ACE2-overexpressing cell system. Molecular docking was used to analyze the interaction between S protein and compounds. Results We identified three potential anti-coronavirus compounds: tannic acid (TA), TS-1276 (anthraquinone), and TS-984 (9-Methoxycanthin-6-one). Our in vitro validation experiments indicated that TS-984 strongly inhibits the interaction of the coronavirus S protein and the human cell ACE2 receptor. Additionally, tannic acid showed moderate inhibitory effect on the interaction of S protein and ACE2. Conclusion This platform is a rapid, sensitive, specific, and high throughput system, and available for screening large compound libraries. TS-984 is a potent blocker of the interaction between the S-protein and ACE2, which might have the potential to be developed into an effective anti-coronavirus drug.

Abstract To better understand how public transport use varied during the first year of COVID-19, we define and measure travel behavior resilience. With trip records between November 2019 and September 2020 in Kunming, China, we identify people who relied on traveling by subway both before and after the first pandemic wave. We investigate whether and how travelers recover to their pre-pandemic mobility level. We find that public transport use recovered slowly, as urban mobility is a result of urban functionality, transport supply, social context, and inter-personal differences. In general, urban mobility represents a strengthened revisiting tendency during COVID-19, as individual’s trips occur within a more limited space. We confirm that travel behavior resilience differs by groups. Commuters recover travel frequency and length, while older people decrease frequency but retain activity space. The study suggests that policymakers take group heterogeneity and travel behavior resilience into account for transport management and city restoration.

Abstract With the boom in 5G technology, mobile spatial crowdsourcing has shown great dynamism in industrial mobile communications and edge computing node management. But the traditional crowdsourcing system is not advanced enough to adapt to the new environment. Typically, traditional crowdsourcing workflow is hosted by a centralized crowdsourcing platform. However, the centralized crowdsourcing platform faces the following problems: (1) single point of failure, (2) user privacy leakage, (3) subjective arbitration, (4) additional service fee, and (5) non-transparent task assignment process. To improve those problems, we replaced the centralized crowdsourcing platform with a decentralized blockchain infrastructure. And we analyzed the challenge problems of multi-skilled spatial crowdsourcing tasks in the blockchain crowdsourcing system. In addition, a crowdsourcing task allocation algorithm has been proposed, which implements a transparent task distribution process and can adapt to the computing-constrained environment on the blockchain. Compared with the TSWCrowd blockchain-based crowdsourcing model, our system has a higher task allocation rate under the same conditions. And the experimental result shows our work has good economic feasibility, which decentralizes the crowdsourcing process and significantly reduces the additional consumption of the crowdsourcing process.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between polymorphisms in CYP2C19 and the single‐dose pharmacokinetics (PKs) of omeprazole in healthy Chinese volunteers. A 20 mg single dose of omeprazole (Losec) enteric‐coated capsules or tablets was orally administered to 656 healthy subjects from eight subcenters. The polymorphic alleles of CYP2C19*2, *3, and *17 were determined by Sanger sequencing and Agena mass array. Plasma concentrations of omeprazole were determined by high‐performance liquid‐chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. PK parameters of area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC)0‐t, AUC from zero to infinity (AUC0‐∞), maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), and terminal half‐life (t1/2) were significantly influenced by CYP2C19 phenotype (all p

Abstract Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant hematological diseases in children. An immunosuppressive microenvironment, particularly regulatory T cell (Treg) infiltration, has been documented to be highly associated with childhood ALL. This present study, based on genetic factors, was aimed at investigating the mutations potentially involved in the immunosuppressive microenvironment in childhood ALL. After whole-exome sequencing was used on DNA extracted from the T cells of ALL bone marrow samples, we found the FOXC1 H446HG induced a increased Treg while decreased cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) in bone marrow. The mutation of FOXC1 in T cell promoted the proliferation of leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo. CpG islands formed by insertion mutation led to an abnormal increase in exon methylation and were associated with the suppression of FOXC1. Decreased FOXC1 attenuated the transcription of HDAC1, thus resulting in the activation of KLF10 through increasing H3K27 acetylation in the promoter region. In conclusion, the de novo insertion mutation in FOXC1 induced suppression of FOXC1, thereby promoting a Treg/CTL shift in the ALL immune microenvironment. The FOXC1 H446HG mutation might be a potential therapeutic target for ALL in the future.

ObjectiveTo observe the stability and therapeutic effect of chloroquine phosphate gel on human condylomata acuminata (CA) caused by low-risk human papillomavirus (HPV).MethodsThe appearance, viscosity, pH, chloroquine concentration, deethylchloroquine concentration and content uniformity of chloroquine phosphate gel were examined for 24 months, the gel met the quality standards throughout the 24-month observation. A nude mouse model harboring CA xenografts was used to observe the therapeutic effect of this gel on CA in vivo.ResultsAfter 14 days of gel administration, compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly smaller warts and significantly reduced DNA copy numbers of HPV6 and HPV11 in the wart tissues. Immunohistochemistry analysis of p53 protein expression in the wart tissues of the treatment group was significantly increased.ConclusionChloroquine phosphate gel was stable and effective against CA, possibly through the promotion of p53 protein expression to induce apoptosis, leading to the involution of warts.

Physical layer security (PLS) is considered one of the most promising solutions to solve the security problems of massive Internet of Things (IoTs) devices because of its lightweight and high efficiency. Significantly, the recent physical layer key generation (PLKG) scheme based on transmission delay proposed by Huang et al. (2021) does not have any restrictions on communication methods and can extend the traditional physical layer security based on wireless channels to the whole Internet scene. However, the secret-sharing strategy adopted in this scheme has hidden dangers of collusion attack, which may lead to security problems such as information tampering and privacy disclosure. By establishing a probability model, this article quantitatively analyzes the relationship between the number of malicious collusion nodes and the probability of key exposure, which proves the existence of this security problem. In order to solve the problem of collusion attack in Huang et al.’s scheme, this article proposes an anti-collusion attack defense method, which minimizes the influence of collusion attack on key security by optimizing parameters including the number of the middle forwarding nodes, the random forwarding times, the time delay measurement times and the out-of-control rate of forwarding nodes. Finally, based on the game model, we prove that the defense method proposed in this article can reduce the risk of key leakage to zero under the scenario of the “Careless Defender” and “Cautious Defender” respectively.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and related gene expression in juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Five diets with varying levels of dietary bile acids (0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6%) were formulated and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 15 fish (13.14 ± 0.14 g) for ten weeks. Results showed that the significant enhancement in weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in fish fed 0.3% bile acids (P < 0.05). Additionally, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved with bile acids inclusion (P < 0.05). Higher feed intake was also recorded in bile acids inclusion groups, and significantly up-regulated gene expression of hypothalamus neuropeptide Y (NPY) was found in 0.3% group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary bile acids (0.3%) significantly decreased lipid deposition in the whole-body (P < 0.05), and lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were also found in this group. Moreover, intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly increased in 0.3% group (P < 0.05) to promote feed digestion. In addition, the relative expression levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) significantly up-regulated with inclusion of dietary bile acids, suggesting an enhancement of fatty acid transport (P < 0.05). In contrast, cholesterol transport related genes NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1L1) and CD36 were notably down-regulated as bile acids inclusion (P < 0.05). This study provides valuable information for the formulation of diets for juvenile coral trout and indicates that dietary bile acids could potentially be used to improve growth performance and feed utilization.

Introduction: Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) has been increasingly used to detect infectious organisms and is rapidly moving from research to clinical laboratories. Presently, mNGS platforms mainly include those from Illumina and the Beijing Genomics Institute (BGI). Previous studies have reported that various sequencing platforms have similar sensitivity in detecting the reference panel that mimics clinical specimens. However, whether the Illumina and BGI platforms provide the same diagnostic performance using authentic clinical samples remains unclear.Methods: In this prospective study, we compared the performance of the Illumina and BGI platforms in detecting pulmonary pathogens. Forty-six patients with suspected pulmonary infection were enrolled in the final analysis. All patients received bronchoscopy, and the specimens collected were sent for mNGS on the two different sequencing platforms.Results: The diagnostic sensitivity of the Illumina and BGI platforms was notably higher than that of conventional examination (76.9% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001; 82.1% vs. 38.5%, p < 0.001; respectively). The sensitivity and specificity for pulmonary infection diagnosis were not significantly different between the Illumina and BGI platforms. Furthermore, the pathogenic detection rate of the two platforms were not significantly different.Conclusion: The Illumina and BGI platforms exhibited similar diagnostic performance for pulmonary infectious diseases using clinical specimens, and both are superior to conventional examinations.

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are one of the most popular and severe complications of diabetes. The persistent non-healing of DFUs may eventually contribute to severe complications such as amputation, which presents patients with significant physical and psychological challenges. Fibroblasts are critical cells in wound healing and perform essential roles in all phases of wound healing. In diabetic foot patients, the disruption of fibroblast function exacerbates the non-healing of the wound. This study aimed to summarize the hotspots and evaluate the global research trends on fibroblast-related DFUs through bibliometric analysis.MethodsScientific publications on the study of fibroblast-related DFUs from January 1, 2000 to April 27, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Biblioshiny software was primarily performed for the visual analysis of the literature, CiteSpace software and VOSviewer software were used to validate the results.ResultsA total of 479 articles on fibroblast-related DFUs were retrieved. The most published countries, institutions, journals, and authors in this field were the USA, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Wound Repair and Regeneration, and Seung-Kyu Han. In addition, keyword co-occurrence networks, historical direct citation networks, thematic map, and the trend topics map summarize the research hotspots and trends in this field.ConclusionCurrent studies indicated that research on fibroblast-related DFUs is attracting increasing concern and have clinical implications. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of the DFU pathophysiological process, the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets associated with DFUs angiogenesis, and the measures to promote DFUs wound healing are three worthy research hotspots in this field.

The maize/cassava relay intercropping system can be a specific and efficient cropping pattern in a tropical/subtropical field. Relay intercropping systems contribute to the optimization of land use, fostering sustainable and efficient agriculture. This study entails a first-year comparative intercropping experiment using maize (Zea mays L.) and cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz). We determined the soil nutrient contents and physicochemical properties as well as the microbial communities by high-throughput sequencing. We found that the relay intercropping system changed the bacterial community structure, especially the rhizosphere microorganisms. The bacterial community was characterized by a higher abundance of the phyla Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria and of the genus AD3, which are related to nutrient cycling and decreased bioavailability of Cd. At the same time, the relay intercropping system reduces the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria and biomarkers of organic pollution. The relay intercropping systems significantly boosted soil pH and available K levels in addition to the monocropping yield. The results of this study suggest that maize/cassava relay intercropping, starting from the first year, not only provides a stable supply of food and income due to the diversified cropping systems but is also beneficial for the improvement of soil quality and the soil microbial community.

Background: In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has become a viable treatment option for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Among these, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have demonstrated good efficacy in advanced TNBC patients with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive expression. However, only 63% of PD-L1-positive individuals showed any benefit from ICIs. Therefore, finding new predictive biomarkers will aid in identifying patients who are likely to benefit from ICIs. In this study, we used liquid biopsies and next-generation sequencing (NGS) to dynamically detect changes in circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in the blood of patients with advanced TNBC treated with ICIs and focused on its potential predictive value.Methods: From May 2018 to October 2020, patients with advanced TNBC treated with ICIs at Shandong Cancer Hospital were included prospectively. Patient blood samples were obtained at the pretreatment baseline, first response evaluation, and disease progression timepoints. Furthermore, 457 cancer-related genes were evaluated by NGS, and patients’ ctDNA mutations, gene mutation rates, and other indicators were determined and coupled with clinical data for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 11 TNBC patients were included in this study. The overall objective response rate (ORR) was 27.3%, with a 6.1-month median progression-free survival (PFS) (95% confidence interval: 3.877–8.323 months). Of the 11 baseline blood samples, 48 mutations were found, with the most common mutation types being frame shift indels, synonymous single-nucleotide variations (SNVs), frame indel missenses, splicing, and stop gains. Additionally, univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that advanced TNBC patients with one of 12 mutant genes (CYP2D6 deletion and GNAS, BCL2L1, H3F3C, LAG3, FGF23, CCND2, SESN1, SNHG16, MYC, HLA-E, and MCL1 gain) had a shorter PFS with ICI treatment (p < 0.05). To some extent, dynamic changes of ctDNA might indicate the efficacy of ICIs.Conclusion: Our data indicate that ICI efficacy in patients with advanced TNBC may be predicted by 12 mutant ctDNA genes. Additionally, dynamic alterations in peripheral blood ctDNA might be used to track the effectiveness of ICI therapy in those with advanced TNBC.

ObjectivesThis work aimed to observe the effect of consuming Chinese herb tea on glucolipid metabolism and gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsNinety patients with T2DM were recruited from a community and randomly divided into the control group (CG) and intervention group (IG). CG maintained conventional treatment and lifestyle, and IG accepted additional “maccog” traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) tea (mulberry leaf, radix astragali, corn stigma, cortex lycii, radix ophiopogonis, and gynostemma) for 12 weeks. Glucolipid metabolism, hepatorenal function, and gut microbiota were then measured.ResultsAfter the intervention, the decreases in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and total cholesterol (TC) were greater (P

We studied the work function of cesium deposition and co-deposition with the electronegative element on the plasma grid (PG) using the first-principles calculations. The impurity particles may exist in the background plasma and vacuum chamber wall, and the work function of the PG will be affected. The results indicate that the minimum work functions of pure cesium deposition on Mo (110), W (110), and Mo (112) are reached at a partial monolayer. They are 1.66 eV (σ = 0.56 θ), 1.69 eV (σ = 0.75 θ), and 1.75 eV (σ = 0.88 θ), respectively. An appropriate co-deposition model consisting of cesium with electronegative elements can further decrease the work function. The coverage of cesium and electronegative elements are both 0.34 θ in all the co-deposition models. The F-Cs co-deposition model where the Cs atom and F atom are aligned along the surface normal obtains the lowest work function. They are 1.31 eV for F-Cs on Mo (110), and 1.23 eV for F-Cs on W (110), respectively. The change in work function is linearly related to the change in dipole moment density with a slope of −167.03 VÅ. For pure cesium deposition, two factors control the change in dipole-moment density, one is the electron transfer between adsorbates and the substrate, and another one is the restructuring of surface atoms. There are two additional factors for the co-deposition model. One is the intrinsic dipole moment of the double layer, the other is the angle between the intrinsic dipole moment and the surface. The latter two factors play important roles in increasing the total dipole moment.

Abstract Indian monsoon circulation is the primary driver of the long‐range transboundary mercury (Hg) pollution from South Asia to the Himalayas and Tibet Plateau region, yet the northward extent of this transport remains unknown. In this study, a strong δ202Hg signature overlapping was found between Lake Gokyo and Indian anthropogenic sources, which is an indicative of the Hg source regions from South Asia. Most of the sediment samples were characterized with relatively large positive Δ199Hg values (mean = 0.07‰–0.44‰) and small positive Δ200Hg values (mean = 0.03‰–0.08‰). Notably, the Δ199Hg values in the lake sediments progressively increased from southwest to northeast. Moreover, the Δ199Hg values peaked at Lake Tanglha (mean = 0.44‰ ± 0.04‰) before decreased at Lake Qinghai that is under the influence of the westerlies. Our results suggest that transboundary atmospheric transport could transport Hg from South Asia northwards to at least the Tanglha Mountains in the northern Himalaya‐Tibet.

Based on panel data of 282 cities in China from 2005 to 2019, this paper constructs an economic resilience evaluation index system in three dimensions and applies the entropy value method to measure it. The two-stage nested Thiel index, kernel density estimation and geographic detector methods are also used to explore the characteristics of their spatial and temporal divergence and their driving factors. We find that the economic resilience of Chinese cities has increased rapidly over the sample period, but with significant spatial variation, with the intra-provincial variation being the main source of the overall variation. Without considering the spatial conditions, the economic resilience of cities has a strong stability. In the case of spatial conditions, spatial factors have a significant impact on cities with low economic resilience, but not on cities with high economic resilience. Differences in technological innovation capabilities are a key driver of spatial divergence in the economic resilience of Chinese cities. The interaction of any two factors enhances their respective effects on the spatial differentiation of economic resilience in Chinese cities. Based on the above findings, cities should actively explore targeted and differentiated ways to improve economic resilience based on their comparative advantages, accelerate the construction of a collaborative improvement mechanism for urban economic resilience, and support the collaborative improvement of urban economic resilience in China. Our findings provide a useful reference for promoting the concerted improvement of economic resilience in Chinese cities.

ObjectiveSepsis is a life-threatening condition secondary to infection that evolves into a dysregulated host response and is associated with acute organ dysfunction. Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most complex organ failures to characterize. This study performed comprehensive metabolomic profiling that distinguished between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction.MethodPlasma samples collected from 80 septic patients were analysed by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares discrimination analysis (PLS-DA), and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to analyse the metabolic model between septic patients with and without cardiac dysfunction. The screening criteria for potential candidate metabolites were as follows: variable importance in the projection (VIP) >1, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) > 1.5 or < 0.7. Pathway enrichment analysis further revealed associated metabolic pathways. In addition, we constructed a subgroup metabolic analysis between the survivors and non-survivors according to 28-day mortality in the cardiac dysfunction group.ResultsTwo metabolite markers, kynurenic acid and gluconolactone, could distinguish the cardiac dysfunction group from the normal cardiac function group. Two metabolites, kynurenic acid and galactitol, could distinguish survivors and non-survivors in the subgroup analysis. Kynurenic acid is a common differential metabolite that could be used as a candidate for both diagnosis and prognosis for septic patients with cardiac dysfunction. The main associated pathways were amino acid metabolism, glucose metabolism and bile acid metabolism.ConclusionMetabolomic technology could be a promising approach for identifying diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction.

AimsThe distribution of residual esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) in the esophageal wall and resected lymph nodes was evaluated after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nICT).Methods and resultsClinical data were collected from 137 ESCC patients who underwent anti-programmed death 1 therapy and esophagectomy. Ninety (65.7%) achieved an major pathological response (MPR) in the esophageal wall, and 27 (19.7%) achieved an MPR in the lymph nodes. Pathologically complete response (pCR, ypT0N0) was observed in 26 patients (19%). Residual tumors located in the mucosa and/or submucosa were found in 94.6% of nonpCR patients. In the minor responders, 97.8% had residual tumor >10% in the mucosa or submucosa. A preferential regression direction toward the lumen was found in 76.4% of prepT2 nonpCR patients, or 60.7% of prepT3-4a nonpCR patients. The correlation between pCR in the esophageal wall and in lymph nodes was not significant (P=0.143). Among 19 patients with pCR in resected recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph nodes, 31.6% had residual tumor cells in other resected lymph nodes. A significant correlation was found between ypT/ypN downstaging and tumor regression grade (P

BackgroundRheumatism covers a wide range of diseases with complex clinical manifestations and places a tremendous burden on humans. For many years, our understanding of rheumatism was seriously hindered by technology constraints. However, the increasing application and rapid advancement of sequencing technology in the past decades have enabled us to study rheumatism with greater accuracy and in more depth. Sequencing technology has made huge contributions to the field and is now an indispensable component and powerful tool in the study of rheumatism.MethodsArticles on sequencing and rheumatism, published from 1 January 2000 to 25 April 2022, were retrieved from the Web of Science™ (Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA) database. Bibliometrix, the open-source tool, was used for the analysis of publication years, countries, authors, sources, citations, keywords, and co-words.ResultsThe 1,374 articles retrieved came from 62 countries and 350 institutions, with a general increase in article numbers during the last 22 years. The leading countries in terms of publication numbers and active cooperation with other countries were the USA and China. The most prolific authors and most popular documents were identified to establish the historiography of the field. Popular and emerging research topics were assessed by keywords and co-occurrence analysis. Immunological and pathological process in rheumatism, classification, risks and susceptibility, and biomarkers for diagnosis were among the hottest themes for research.ConclusionsSequencing technology has been widely applied in the study of rheumatism and propells research in the area of discovering novel biomarkers, related gene patterns and physiopathology. We suggest that further efforts be made to advance the study of genetic patterns related to rheumatic susceptibility, pathogenesis, classification and disease activity, and novel biomarkers.

Background: Pain is the most common cancer-related symptom, but it is often undertreated. Telemedicine is widely used in cancer treatment, but its effectiveness is uncertain. Objective: We aimed to evaluate the impact of telemedicine intervention on pain in patients with cancer. Design: Methodological quality and risk-of-bias evaluation were conducted, and the sources of heterogeneity were explored through subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis. Data Sources and Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and clinical trial databases were searched up to 16 August 2022. Randomized controlled trials of the impact of telemedicine intervention regarding pain in patients with cancer were included, and the results related to pain were extracted. Results: Twenty-one randomized controlled trials were selected from 1810 articles. A total of 1454 patients received telemedicine interventions, and 2213 received conventional medical services. Telemedical intervention had a positive effect on improving pain intensity [standard mean deviation (SMD) = −0.28, 95% confidence interval (CI): −0.49 to −0.06, p = 0.01] and pain interference (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI: −0.54 to −0.28, p

IntroductionOver the last several decades, the gut microbiota has been implicated in the formation and stabilization of health, as well as the development of disease. With basic and clinical experiments, scholars are gradually understanding the important role of gut microbiota in trauma, which may offer novel ideas of treatment for trauma patients. In this study, we purposed to summarize the current state and access future trends in gut microbiota and trauma research.MethodsWe retrieved relevant documents and their published information from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometrix package was responsible for the visualized analysis.ResultsTotally, 625 documents were collected and the number of annual publications kept increasing, especially from 2016. China published the most documents while the USA had the highest local citations. The University of Colorado and Food & Function are respectively the top productive institution and journal, as PLOS One is the most local cited journal. With the maximum number of articles and local citations, Deitch EA is supported to be the most contributive author. Combining visualized analysis of keywords and documents and literature reading, we recognized two key topics: bacteria translocation in trauma and gut microbiota's effect on inflammation in injury, especially in nervous system injury.DiscussionThe impact of gut microbiota on molecular and pathological mechanism of inflammation is the focus now. In addition, the experiments of novel therapies based on gut microbiota's impact on trauma are being carried out. We hope that this study can offer a birds-eye view of this field and promote the gradual improvement of it.

With the development of financial technology (referred to as fintech), the risks faced by fintech companies have received increasing attention. This paper uses the Sentence Latent Dirichlet Allocation (Sent-LDA) topic model to comprehensively identify risk factors in the fintech industry based on textual risk factors disclosed in Form 10-K. Furthermore, this paper analyzes the importance of risk factors and the similarities of the risk factors for the whole fintech industry and different fintech sub-sectors from the perspectives of risk factor types and risk factor contents. In the empirical analysis, 53,452 risk factor headings of 34 fintech companies included in the KBW Nasdaq Financial Technology Index (KFTX) over the period 2015–2019 are collected. The empirical results show that 20 risk factors of the fintech industry are identified. However, the important risk factors vary differently among different fintech sub-sectors. For the analysis of risk factor similarity, mean values of similarity of risk factor types and the similarity of risk factor contents both increased from 2015 to 2019, which indicates that the risks faced by fintech companies are becoming increasingly similar. The mean value of similarity of risk factor contents is 42.13%, while the mean value of similarity of risk factor types is 80.93%. Thus, although the types of risk factors faced by different fintech companies are similar, the contents of risk factors disclosed by different companies are still quite different. The comprehensive identification of fintech risk factors lays an important foundation for the further measurement and management of risks in the fintech industry. In the feature, we will further make effective risk estimations of the fintech industry based on the identified fintech risk factors.

Metabolic and epigenetic reprogramming play important roles in cancer therapeutic resistance. However, their interplays are poorly understood. We report here that elevated TIGAR (TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator), an antioxidant and glucose metabolic regulator and a target of oncogenic histone methyltransferase NSD2 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2), is mainly localized in the nucleus of therapeutic resistant tumor cells where it stimulates NSD2 expression and elevates global H3K36me2 mark. Mechanistically, TIGAR directly interacts with the antioxidant master regulator NRF2 and facilitates chromatin recruitment of NRF2, H3K4me3 methylase MLL1 and elongating Pol-II to stimulate the expression of both new (NSD2) and established (NQO1/2, PRDX1 and GSTM4) targets of NRF2, independent of its enzymatic activity. Nuclear TIGAR confers cancer cell resistance to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy in vitro and in tumors through effective maintenance of redox homeostasis. In addition, nuclear accumulation of TIGAR is positively associated with NSD2 expression in clinical tumors and strongly correlated with poor survival. These findings define a nuclear TIGAR-mediated epigenetic autoregulatory loop in redox rebalance for tumor therapeutic resistance.

The field of homogeneous metal- and photocatalysis typically uses one-photon-absorbing photosensitizers, which are highly functional, but require higher-energy light. Here the authors report a group of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes possessing two-photon-absorption capabilities, active with irradiation with lower-energy (740 nm) light.

Abstract Aim Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to participate in various human diseases, while the role of X inactive‐specific transcript (XIST) binding microRNA‐340‐5p (miR‐340‐5p) remains seldom studied. We aim to identify the role of the XIST/miR‐340‐5p/cyclin D1 (CCND1) axis in the myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI). Methods and results The mouse MIRI models were established. The expression of XIST, miR‐340‐5p, and CCND1 in mouse myocardial tissues in MIRI mice was assessed. The MIRI mice were respectively treated with altered XIST, miR‐340‐5p, or CCND1. The changes of myocardial enzyme activity were assessed, and the cardiac function was evaluated. Myocardial pathological changes, cardiomyocyte apoptosis and related apoptotic factors, oxidative stress and inflammatory factors were observed in myocardial tissues in mice with MIRI. The binding relationships between XIST and miR‐340‐5p, and between miR‐340‐5p and CCND1 were confirmed. XIST and CCND1 were up‐regulated while miR‐340‐5p was down‐regulated in MIRI mice. Silenced XIST could elevated miR‐340‐5p expression and reduced CCND1 expression, so as to promoted cardiac function and suppressed myocardial enzyme activity, ameliorated pathological changes, decelerated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by elevating Bcl‐2 but reducing the levels of Bax and Caspase‐3, attenuated inflammatory response by repressing IL‐6 and TNF‐α levels, and mitigated oxidative stress by reducing MDA contents and increasing CAT, GSH‐Px, and SOD levels in MIRI mice. XIST sponged miR‐340‐5p and miR‐340‐5p targeted CCND1. Conclusions Knockdown of XIST up‐regulates miR‐340‐5p to relieve MIRI via inhibiting CCND1.

Abstract Neuropsychological studies have demonstrated that the preferential processing of near-space and egocentric representation is associated with the self-prioritization effect (SPE). However, relatively little is known concerning whether the SPE is superior to the representation of egocentric frames or near-space processing in the interaction between spatial reference frames and spatial domains. The present study adopted the variant of the shape-label matching task (i.e., color-label) to establish an SPE, combined with a spatial reference frame judgment task, to examine how the SPE leads to preferential processing of near-space or egocentric representations. Surface-based morphometry analysis was also adopted to extract the cortical thickness of the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) to examine whether it could predict differences in the SPE at the behavioral level. The results showed a significant SPE, manifested as the response of self-associated color being faster than that of stranger-associated color. Additionally, the SPE showed a preference for near-space processing, followed by egocentric representation. More importantly, the thickness of the vmPFC could predict the difference in the SPE on reference frames, particularly in the left frontal pole cortex and bilateral rostral anterior cingulate cortex. These findings indicated that the SPE showed a prior entry effect for information at the spatial level relative to the reference frame level, providing evidence to support the structural significance of the self-processing region.

Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis, and discuss its guidance in diagnosing. Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in our hospital from January 2014 to May 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the immunocompromised group and the immunocompetent group. The symptomatic features, laboratory examination, imaging manifestations, and curative effect were analyzed. Results The most common symptoms of patients were cough and sputum production, followed by fever. The immunocompetent group has a significantly higher accident rate of cough and fever than the immunocompromised group, while the immunocompromised group has a significantly higher accident rate of headache and dizziness (P