216 results on '"John F. Helliwell"'
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202. Simulating the Macroeconomic Effects of the Carter Proposals
- Author
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John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economics ,Humanities - Abstract
Simulation des effets globaux des recommandations du Rapport Carter. Pour apprecier les effets globaux de modifications du regime fiscal aussi radicales que celles que propose la Commission Royale sur la Fiscalite, II faut poser un certain nombre de postulats quand aux reactions de differents agents 6conomiques. Dans une perspective de statique compar6e l'auteur construit un modele ou les relations entre les diverses hpotheses de comportement sont explicitees ; dans ce cadre d'hypoth6ses, il est possible d'6valuer les effets directs et indirects des recommandations de la Commission. Si on peut exprimer les hypoth&ses de comportement d'un tel modele en termes de probabilite, il devient des lors possible d efRectuer des experiences de simulation permettant d'evaluer les distributions de probabilite des principales variables agregatives endogenes. L'auteur retient deux versions fondamentales du modele. Dans la premiere version, on suppose que la hausse probable du cours des actions est determin6e de fagon exogene et on resout le modele pour voir quelle sera l'allure de la demande gloybale qui en r6sulte. Dans la seconde version, on examine les effets a long terme. Precisions que dans ce cas, le niveau de la demande globale r6elle est d6termine par la capacit6 de produire et non pas uniquement par la demande globale, de plus on traite le cours des actions comme un facteur endogene. On a effectue des simulations -avec les deux modeles de maniere A obtenir des distributions de probabilit6 pour la consommation, l'investissement (pour les industries d'extraction et les autres branches d'activit6 et pour les r6sidents et les non-residents), l'epargne des menages et des entreprises, le rendement des imp6ts directs et indirects, les mouvements de marchandises et de capitaux, les taux d'interet et plusieurs autres variables. L'auteur pr6sente encore d'autres versions du modele et les solutionne pour montrer les consequences d6coulant de postulats de comportement diff6rents.
- Published
- 1968
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203. A Structural Model of the Foreign Exchange Market
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John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economics ,Foreign exchange market ,Humanities - Abstract
ModMle d'anrlyse du march6 du change etranger. Le but de cette etude est d'expliquer l'interd6pendance des demandes privee et publique pour le change etranger. L'apport principal de r'etude a ete de reconnaitre le caractere endogene des demandes publique et priv6e pour le change courant et pour le change a terme, aussi bien sous un regime de taux de change fixe que sous un regime de taux de change libre. Les implications th6oriques d6coulant de l'analyse sont explicitees pour les deux regimes etudies. Dans le cas d'un taux de change fixe, l'auteur utilise, pour l'estimation du taux de change et des equations structurelles de demande, la methode des variables instrumentales ordonnees selon la structure logique du modele. Dans ce cas, l'auteur utilise des observations mensuelles sur le marche canadien du change 6tranger pour la periode 1963-1966.
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- 1969
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204. Econometric Analysis of Policy Choices for an Open Economy
- Author
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Ian A. Stewart, Lawrence H. Officer, Harold T. Shapiro, and John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Macroeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Econometric model ,Economics ,Econometric analysis ,Open economy ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Published
- 1969
- Full Text
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205. Determinants of Investment Behaviour
- Author
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John F. Helliwell and Robert Ferber
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Economics and Econometrics ,Economics ,Monetary economics ,Investment (macroeconomics) - Published
- 1969
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206. The Taxation of Capital Gains: Reply
- Author
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John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Public economics ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economic capital ,ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING ,Capital Consumption Allowance ,Monetary economics ,Taxable income ,Interest rate ,Tax rate ,ComputingMilieux_GENERAL ,Capital accumulation ,Cost of capital ,Economics ,Asset (economics) ,media_common - Abstract
I welcome the opportunity to amplify the purpose and details of my proposal. My purpose was to develop a simple approximative procedure for avoiding the taxation of inflationary gains and removing the "lock-in" effect. In the interests of brevity, I did not consider what marginal tax rate would be used nor whether the interest rate used to accumulate the tax liabilities ought to be on a before-tax or on an after-tax basis. Dr Shibata has suggested that separate marginal tax rates ought to be used for each year during which the asset is held, and that, if interest on money borrowed to pay taxes were tax-deductible, one ought to put the interest rate on an after-tax basis. If both marginal tax rates and the after-tax borrowing rates were given separate values for each year within the asset holder's period, the calculation formulae for my procedure would become more complicated, and the relevant taxable amount could no longer be read from a simple two-dimensional table. Dr Shibata is right to emphasize that whether or not his amendments to my procedure are worth making depends on the differences they would make to the amount of tax payable. These differences ought to be looked at in relation to the greater costs of calculation using his amended version of my proposal. In general, I would suppose that any tax system which was attempting to treat capital gains equivalently to other forms of income would also embody good income averaging procedures. If so, then there would be little inter-temporal variation in marginal tax rates to worry about. If there were not good income-averaging provisions, taxpayers would schedule their asset sales in order to help average out income fluctuations if the entire gain were put into taxable income of the year of sale. In order to avoid this undesirable trading purely for tax reasons, I would recommend that the marginal rate applicable to realized gains (as calculated by my procedure) should be the individual's average marginal rate over the holding period, or over a specified number of past years. This is very much a second-best procedure, however, as it would be much simpler and more appropriate to have good averaging provisions for all sorts of income. I agree with Dr Shibata that the interest rate assumed in my procedure should be on an after-tax basis if interest on money borrowed to pay taxes were tax-deductible. The arbitrary interest rate would just be equal to the assumed "typical" market rate times one minus a "typical" marginal tax rate. Whether it is worthwhile making Shibata's amendment making year-to-year changes in the marginal tax rate used in defining the after-tax borrowing rate depends, as before, on how good are the income-averaging provisions. Even though Dr Shibata's amendments would be unnecessary in a tax system with good income-averaging provisions, it is worthwhile to consider
- Published
- 1970
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207. Quarterly Business Capital Expenditures
- Author
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J. C. Liu, John F. Helliwell, and R. G. Evans
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Finance ,Economics and Econometrics ,Capital expenditure ,business.industry ,Expenses versus Capital Expenditures ,Economics ,Capital employed ,Monetary economics ,business - Published
- 1970
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208. The Taxation of Capital Gains
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John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Microeconomics ,Economics and Econometrics ,Physical capital ,Cost of capital ,Capital (economics) ,Capital deepening ,Economics ,Capital employed ,Capital intensity ,Monetary economics ,Fixed capital ,Capital formation - Published
- 1969
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209. Public Policies and Private Investments
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L. H. Zincone and John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Accounting ,Finance - Published
- 1969
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210. Short-Term Capital Flows and the Foreign Exchange Market
- Author
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John F. Helliwell and Tom Maxwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economics ,Financial system ,Capital flows ,Humanities ,Foreign exchange market - Abstract
Les mouvements de capitaux 2 court terme et le marche du change etranger. Les auteurs utilisent un modele h sept equations du marche canadien du change etranger fonctionnant durant la periode 1963-70 dans le cadre des regles du Fonds monetaire international relatives au taux de change fixe et ajustable (<< pegged -). L'article contient des estimations de parametres et des resultats de simulations. Le modele est une version amelioree de celui qui a ete presente ici en fevrier 1969; les auteurs y ont ajoute les equations d'accumulation d'actifs necessaires aux simulations dynamiques. Deux caracteristiques differencient ce modele des autres: l'utilisation d'equations distinctes pour la demande generale (a private f) et la demande des autorites (< official -) qui determinent conjointement le taux de change etranger et les variations des reserves de devises; par la suite, l'utilisation de l'identite de la balance des paiements pour la determination des mouvements de capitaux a court terme. Les auteurs se servent de donnees trirnestrielles de la periode 1963-8 pour estimer trois equations stochastiques: deux equations de demande de devises sur le marche courant, l'une de la part des autorites et l'autre generale, et une equation de forme reduite pour le taux de change 'a terme de 90 jours. La simulation dynamique du modele pour la periode 1963-70 donne des resultats qui suivent assez bien les variations des reserves et les taux de change courant et a terme. Les resultats de la simulation de comparaison aux donn6es reelles pour laquelle on a utilise la version du modele consideree la meilleure sont pr6sentes dans le graphique 1. Des simulations de politique ont ete faites pour illustrer les effets des changements du taux d'int6r6t interieur et de la politique de soutien du taux de change A terme. Ces deux politiques ont des effets substantiels sur le niveau des reserves courantes de devises; toutefois, l'utilisation de l'equation d'ajustement en stock relative 'a la demande generale de devises garantit que l'accumulation induite de reserves atteint eventuellement une limite meme en I'absence d'activites speculatives induites.
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- 1972
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211. Public Policies and Private Investment
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Gordon R. Sparks and John F. Helliwell
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Economics and Econometrics - Published
- 1969
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212. Proposals for Tax Reform: A Review of the White Paper
- Author
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John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Double taxation ,Value-added tax ,Ad valorem tax ,Public economics ,Tax credit ,Direct tax ,Economics ,State income tax ,Tax reform ,Tax avoidance ,Law and economics - Published
- 1970
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213. How happy are your neighbours? Variation in life satisfaction among 1200 Canadian neighbourhoods and communities.
- Author
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John F Helliwell, Hugh Shiplett, and Christopher P Barrington-Leigh
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
This paper presents a new public-use dataset for community-level life satisfaction in Canada, based on more than 500,000 observations from the Canadian Community Health Surveys and the General Social Surveys. The country is divided into 1216 similarly sampled geographic regions, using natural, built, and administrative boundaries. A cross-validation exercise suggests that our choice of minimum sampling thresholds approximately maximizes the predictive power of our estimates. The resulting dataset reveals robust differences in life satisfaction between and across urban and rural communities. We compare aggregated life satisfaction data with a range of key census variables to illustrate some of the ways in which lives differ in the most and least happy communities.
- Published
- 2019
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214. Prosocial perceptions of taxation predict support for taxes.
- Author
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Emily M Thornton, Lara B Aknin, Nyla R Branscombe, and John F Helliwell
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Many people report disliking taxes despite the fact that tax funds are used to provide essential services for the taxpayer and fellow citizens. In light of past research demonstrating that people are more likely to engage in prosocial action when they recognize how their assistance positively impacts the recipient, we examine whether recognition of how one's tax contributions help other citizens-perceived prosocial taxation-predicts more supportive views of taxation and greater engagement. We conducted three correlational studies using North American samples (N = 902, including a nationally representative sample of over 500 US residents) in which we find that perceived prosocial taxation is associated with greater enjoyment paying taxes, willingness to continue paying taxes, and larger financial contributions in a tax-like payment. Findings hold when controlling for several demographic variables, participants' general prosocial orientation, and the perception that tax dollars are being put to good use. In addition, we examined data from six waves of the World Values Survey (N > 474,000 across 107 countries). We find that people expressing trust in their government and civil service-thereby indicating some confidence that their taxes will be used in prosocial ways-are significantly more likely to state that it is never justifiable to cheat on taxes. Together, these studies offer a new and optimistic perspective on taxation; people may hold more positive views and be more willing to contribute if they believe their contribution benefits others.
- Published
- 2019
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215. Comparing the happiness effects of real and on-line friends.
- Author
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John F Helliwell and Haifang Huang
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
A recent large Canadian survey permits us to compare face-to-face ('real-life') and on-line social networks as sources of subjective well-being. The sample of 5,000 is drawn randomly from an on-line pool of respondents, a group well placed to have and value on-line friendships. We find three key results. First, the number of real-life friends is positively correlated with subjective well-being (SWB) even after controlling for income, demographic variables and personality differences. Doubling the number of friends in real life has an equivalent effect on well-being as a 50% increase in income. Second, the size of online networks is largely uncorrelated with subjective well-being. Third, we find that real-life friends are much more important for people who are single, divorced, separated or widowed than they are for people who are married or living with a partner. Findings from large international surveys (the European Social Surveys 2002-2008) are used to confirm the importance of real-life social networks to SWB; they also indicate a significantly smaller value of social networks to married or partnered couples.
- Published
- 2013
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216. How Much Do National Borders Matter?
- Author
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John F. Helliwell and John F. Helliwell
- Subjects
- Interstate commerce--Canada, Interstate commerce--United States, Boundaries, International trade
- Abstract
It is widely believed that globalization has proceeded to the point where international economic linkages are as strong as those within nations. Struck by research suggesting that this perception is dramatically mistaken, John Helliwell spent three years assessing the evidence. The results are reported in this book, the latest in Brookings'Integrating National Economies series. It provides the most systematic measurements yet available of the relative importance of global and national economic ties.The original finding, based on a gravity model of trade flows, was that 1988 trade linkages between Canadian provinces were twenty times as dense as those between Canadian provinces and U.S. states of similar size and distance. A much longer and more detailed body of data is used to expand and explain these findings. Data for trade within and among OECD and some developing countries are used to show that the Canadian-U.S. results are applicable to other countries. Helliwell then surveys and extends the evidence relating to price linkages, capital mobility, migration, and knowledge spillovers, finding in all cases very large border effects.The evidence offers a challenge to economists, policymakers, and citizens to explain why national economies have so much staying power, and to consider whether this is a good or bad thing. Helliwell argues that since large and small industrial economies have similar levels of income, there are likely to be diminishing returns from increases in globalization beyond levels sufficient to permit the ready exploitation of comparative advantages in trade, and relatively easy access to knowledge developed elsewhere.
- Published
- 1998
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