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The electronic states of Nd 0.45 Sr 0.55 MnO 3 in the two-dimensional metal phase have been revealed by the high-resolution Mn 2 p – 3 d resonant photoemission. The vanishingly weak intensity at E F indicates an anomalous metal due to the two-dimensionality of the electronic states.

We have investigated the role of the 4 f moment on the magnetoelectric (ME) effect of orthorhombic R MnO 3 ( R = rare earth ions ). In order to clarify the role of the 4 f moment, we prepared three samples: ( Eu , Y ) MnO 3 without the 4 f moment, TbMnO 3 with the anisotropic 4 f moment, and ( Gd , Y ) MnO 3 with the isotropic 4 f moment. The ferroelectric behaviors of these samples are different from each other in a zero magnetic field. ( Eu , Y ) MnO 3 and ( Gd , Y ) MnO 3 show the ferroelectric polarization along the a axis in the ground state, while TbMnO 3 shows it along the c axis. Such difference may arise from the influence of the anisotropic Tb 3 + 4 f moment. The direction of the ferroelectric polarization of R MnO 3 is determined by the internal magnetic field arising from the 4 f moment.

Capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) has been recognized as an effective method for the analysis of oligonucleotides. CGE using polymer solutions is especially useful and effective compared with that using crosslinked gels, because of easy change of media. Replacement of media leads to the reproducible separation of analytes. We have investigated CGE analysis of oligonucleotides of less than 20 bases employing various kinds of polymers. Polyacrylamide, dextrin, dextran, pullakin, and poly(ethylene glycol) were used as sieving matrixes at concentrations of 0–30 %. Polydeoxythymidylic acids [p(dT)11–20] were used as a test sample. These small oligonucleotides were successfully resolved on the basis of their base number by CGE using some of these polymer solutions. In particular, dextran was found to be effective and baseline separation was observed when a 30 % dextran solution was employed. Some validations such as linearity and reproducibility were also established and this method was found to be an adequate quality control method for small oligonucleotides. Finally, CGE using a 30 % dextran solution was successfully applied to impurity profiling of some synthetic oligonucleotides.

The 1-6 fucosylated -fetoprotein (AFP) present in serum of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been employed for the differential clinical diagnosis of HCC from chronic liver diseases. The molecular mechanism by which this alteration occurs, however, remains largely unknown. To address this issue, we purified GDP-L-Fuc:N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminide 1-6 fucosyltransferase (1-6 FucT), an enzyme involved in the 1-6 fucosylation of N-glycans from porcine brain, as well as from a human gastric cancer cell line, and cloned their genes. In this study, levels of 1-6 FucT mRNA expression and the activity of this enzyme for 12 human HCC tissues were examined and compared with that in surrounding tissues and normal livers. The mean +/- SD for 1-6 FucT activity was 78 +/- 41 pmol/h/mg in normal control liver, 202 +/- 127 pmol/h/mg in adjacent uninvolved liver tissues (chronic hepatitis: 181 +/- 106 pmol/h/mg; liver cirrhosis: 233 +/- 164 pmol/h/mg), and 195 +/- 72 pmol/h/mg in HCC tissues. The mRNA expression of 1-6 FucT was also enhanced in proportion to enzymatic activity except for a few cases, suggesting that 1-6 FucT expression is increased in chronic liver diseases, especially liver cirrhosis. Transfection of 1-6 FucT gene into cultured rat hepatocytes markedly increased 1-6 FucT activity and led to an increase in lens culinaris agglutinin (LCA) binding proteins in both cell lysates and condition media. When the 1-6 FucT gene was transfected into a human HCC cell line, Hep3B, which originally showed low levels of 1-6 FucT expression, 1-6-fucosylated AFP was dramatically increased in the condition media. Collectively, these results suggest that the enhancement of 1-6 FucT expression increased the fucosylation of several proteins, including AFP, and that the level of 1-6-fucosylated AFP in patients with HCC was in part caused by up-regulation of the 1-6 FucT gene expression.

LB films of thermostable hydrogenase from Thiocapsa roseopersicina were prepared on electrodes. Poly- l -lysine was used as a counter ion which stabilizes the protein and improves the protein transfer onto substrates. Both hydrogen production and oxidation activities were observed in the hydrogenase monolayer on substrate. The monolayer film of hydrogenase showed a high thermal stability as in solution, i.e. denaturation did not occur up to 70°C. Electrochemical hydrogen evolution was observed by biasing the ITO electrode on which the LB film of hydrogenase was mounted in the presence of methyl viologen as a mediator.

A simple fabrication technology for delta-doped MOSFETs, named post-low-energy implanting selective epitaxy (PLISE) is presented. The PLISE technology needs no additional photo-lithography mask, deposition step or etching step even for CMOS devices. The only additional step is growing undoped epitaxial channel layers by UHV-CVD after the channel implantation. With this technology, delta-doped NMOSFETs with 0.1-/spl mu/m gate length were successfully fabricated. By optimizing the epi-layer thickness and the channel doping level, short-channel effects are suppressed enough to achieve 0.1-/spl mu/m gate length. Moreover, the junction capacitance at zero bias is reduced by 50%.

A new ion guide, with an additional function having an infinite gas thickness by using a strong magnetic field, is proposed, which enables us to stop energetic radioactive nuclear ions in He gas. The stopped singly charged ions, guided in a dc field with a focusing force generated by an rf field in the gas, are extracted with a SPIG (sextupole rf ion guide) of a focusing device for a spectroscopic study of radioactive nuclei.

Room temperature nuclear radiation detectors with energy discrimination capability developed by growing thick cadmium telluride (CdTe) epitaxial layers directly on n+-Si substrates in a metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy system is reported for the first time. The CdTe/n+-Si heterojunction diode detector exhibited good rectification and charge collection properties. The reverse leakage currents were typically 1times10-7 to 5times10-7 A/cm2 at 50-V bias. The detector clearly demonstrated its energy discrimination capability by resolving gamma peak from the 241Am radioisotope during radiation detection test at room temperature

The electronic states of the Nd 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 , which shows various electronic phases such as paramagnetic insulator, ferromagnetic metal, and the charge-ordered insulator depending on the temperature, have been revealed by high-resolution Mn 2p–3d resonant photoemission and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. These results indicate the importance of the relationship between electronic states and the Jahn–Teller effect.

In ion radiotherapy for treating a deeply seated tumor in a patient, ion beams should be accelerated up to the required energies, corresponding to around 30 cm of a residual range in a patient. Therefore, cyclotrons and synchrotrons have been employed as accelerators for ion radiotherapy. A synchrotron can easily accelerate ions up to high energy, as compared with a cyclotron, while its beam intensity is generally lower than that from a cyclotron. Considering the required output energy from accelerators as well as the beam intensity, a cyclotron or a synchrotron have been chosen for proton radiotherapy. However, only synchrotrons have been used for carbon-ion radiotherapy. This chapter describes an accelerator system for ion radiotherapy, consisting of a low energy linear accelerator as an injector and a synchrotron as a main accelerator.

The normal and reverse short-channel effect of LDD MOSFET's with lateral channel-engineering (pocket or halo implant) has been investigated. An analytical model is developed which can predict V/sub th/ as a function of L/sub eff/, V/sub DS/, V/sub BS/, and pocket parameters down to 0.1-/spl mu/m channel length. The new model shows that the V/sub th/ roll-up component due to pocket implant has an exponential dependence on channel length and is determined roughly by (N/sub p/)/sup 1/4 /L/sub p/. The validity of the model is verified by both experimental data and two-dimensional (2-D) numerical simulation. On the basis of the model, a methodology to optimize the minimum channel length L/sub min/ is presented. The theoretical optimal pocket implant performance is to achieve an L/sub min/ approximately 55/spl sim/60% that of a uniform-channel MOSFET without pocket implant, which is a significant (over one technology generation) improvement. The process design window of pocket implant is analyzed. The design tradeoff between the improvement of short-channel immunity and the other device electrical performance is also discussed.

For composites, it is of great importance to fabricate well-dispersed green compacts, in order to improve their mechanical properties and reliability. In the present study, the slip-casting technique was applied to the fabrication of ZrO2-WC-Al2O3 composites. The specific gravity of each composition in this material was very different, that is, 6.07 for ZrO2, 15.6 for WC and 3.94 for Al2O3. The compositions in the green compacts were afraid to separate from each other owing to the difference in their specific gravities, leading to heterogeneity in the microstructure. The relative density of the obtained compacts was approximately 60%. WC and Al2O3 were well-dispersed in the ZrO2 matrix. The separation and/or heterogeneity due to difference could not be recognized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The slip-casting technique was found to be applicable to the fabrication of ceramic composites consisting of raw powders with different specific gravities.

A secondary cache SRAM is an indispensable CPU partner in a high-performance system. The main objectives are: 1) pipeline burst operation; 2) 32b 500MHz (2GB/s) I/Os, and 3) point-to-point communication with a CPU, as well as shortened latency and reduced noise and power caused by high-speed, high-bandwidth I/O operation. A pre-fetched pipeline scheme enables the cycle time for an internal memory core (I-cycle) to be extended by N times that of an external bus cycle (E-cycle). This is modified to an SRAM to achieve both 4b pipeline-burst cache operation and 500MHz I/O frequency. In this case, I-cycle time of 8ns is four times E-cycle time (2ns).

We have investigated the dielectric properties of Gd$_{1-x}$Tb$_{x}$MnO$_{3}$ crystals in magnetic fields to clarify the crossover between two distinct ferroelectric phases, GdMnO$_{3}$-type (first-order displacive) and TbMnO$_{3}$-type (second-order order-disorder). We have found that the compositional phase boundary between the phases exists around 0.3$, Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures, IEEEtran, Proceedings of INTERMAG 2005, appear in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics

We have performed the bulk sensitive Mn 2p–3d resonant photoemission for Nd1−xSrxMnO3 ( x = 0.40 , 0.47, 0.50, 0.63) in order to reveal the Mn 3d electronic states. We will report the temperature and doping dependence of the Mn 3d spectral functions. The sudden spectral change for x = 0.50 across the FM-COI transition shows the strong influence of the charge-ordering on the Mn 3d electronic states.

Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) has been the major device for integrated circuits over the past two decades. With technology advancement, there have been numerous MOSFET structures for channel length of 0.1 /spl mu/m and below reported in industrial research. A side-by-side comparison of these advanced device structures can provide useful understanding in device physics and the design tradeoffs among MOSFET's parameters. In this work we employ experimental data, device simulation, and analytical modeling for device comparison. The devices were developed at several different research laboratories. Guided by experimental data and simulations, analytical models for topics such as threshold voltage, short-channel effect, and saturation current for these different MOSFET structures are developed. These analytical models are then used for optimizing each device structure and comparing the devices under the same set of constraints for a fair comparison. The key design parameters are highlighted and the strength and weakness of each device structure in various performance categories are discussed.

Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from hybridoma obtained by in vitro stimulation of regional lymph node lymphocytes from lung cancer patients and electrofusion of the stimulated cells with murine or human-mouse myeloma cells were reactive to lung cancer cells in enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay, and to lung cancer tissue in immunohistochemical analysis using acetone-methyl benzoate-xylene (AMeX) fixed tissue and in immunofluorescence analysis. Three of the MAbs (designated ZLG40, 27D57 and 28K29) recognised cell-surface antigens of the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 and the remaining one (designated 29D38) recognised nuclear membrane antigens of the same cell line. The three surface-binding MAbs showed a significant complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) to the A549 cells, but the membrane-binding 29D38 showed no CDC to the A549 cells. Western blotting of the extracts of the A549 or PC6 (small-cell lung cancer) cell lines by the four MAbs showed a 28K29 antigen band at M(r) of approximately 600,000 (+/- 2-ME), a ZLG40 antigen band at M(r) 50,000 (+/- 2-ME), and one 29D38 antigen band at M(r) of more than 1,000,000 (-2-ME) and M(r) between 20,000 and 80,000 (+2-ME), but no detectable band for 27D57 antigen. Images Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 5

A beam extraction method using a transverse rf electric field with amplitude and frequency modulation has been studied in order to develop an irradiation method which is synchronized with the breathing of a patient for high-quality charged particle therapy. The dependence of the extracted beam intensity on the voltage, the frequency band width and the center frequency of the transverse rf electric field has been investigated. The extracted beam intensity was slightly increased from that of the ordinary slow extraction method with a third order resonance. The response of the extracted beam intensity to the applied transverse rf electric field was as prompt as within 1 ms. The horizontal emittance of beams extracted by the present method was reduced by about 70% compared with that by the ordinary one due to utilizing a constant separatrix. Amplitude modulation can control the global beam spill structure. The frequency modulation reduced the effect of the current ripple of the main quadrupole magnets.

The prevalence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) and interferon (IFN)-induced ANA has been documented in patients with chronic hepatitis C. In the present study we evaluated whether the induction pattern of ANA after IFN therapy is related to the efficacy of IFN therapy.Forty-four patients with chronic hepatitis C were enrolled. Autoimmune hepatitis was excluded in all. ANA was measured every month before, during, and for 6 months after IFN therapy (total dose, 336-480 M units).Eight of the 44 (18%) patients were positive for ANA before IFN therapy (group I). In group I six of the eight ANA-positive patients showed an increase in ANA titers during the therapy. Twenty-two of 36 (61%) ANA-negative patients turned positive for ANA, with titers of 1:80 or less during IFN therapy (group II). In 14 of the 36 (39%) ANA-negative patients ANA remained negative throughout the therapy (group III). The rates of sustained responders with a negativity of serum hepatitis C virus RNA and with normal alanine aminotransferase levels for at least 6 months after the cessation of therapy in groups I, II, and III were 25%, 23%, and 21%, respectively, giving no significant difference in the efficacy of therapy. No serious side effect was observed during the therapy.Administration of IFN frequently produced an induction of ANA or an increase in its titer, which did not affect the efficacy of IFN therapy.

GSTM1 gene deficiency has been shown to occur in approximately half of the populations of various ethnic origins and has been implicated as a factor for elevated risk for lung cancers. However the results have been variable or even conflicting between the studies. In an attempt to explore the reason for such a diversity, we studied the distribution of GSTM1 genotypes in relation to gender, age and smoking status in 447 Japanese lung cancer patients and 469 community controls. We found: (1) that in squamous and small cell carcinomas GSTM1 null genotype distributed markedly more in females than males especially among the patients aged70 years (male 57.4%, female 100.0%); (2) that GSTM1 null genotype distributed generally more in patients aged70 years (58.3%) than those agedor = 70 years (50.0%) irrespective of histologies except for small cell carcinoma; and (3) that proportion of GSTM1 null genotype increased dependent on the extent of tobacco smoke exposure in male patients having squamous and small cell carcinomas aged70 years, and remained high but independent of the smoking index in adenocarcinoma and unchanged in never- or exsmokers from the control level (48.6%). The present study thus suggests that composition of GSTM1 genotypes in patients is significantly affected by gender, age and smoking status, which should be taken into consideration in any attempt to determine the association of GSTM1 genotypes for risk assessment. With the diverse of GSTM1 null genotype variability between patients of different histologies, our results were also suggestive of different carcinogenic involvement of GSTM1 deficiency among different histological cell types.

The NIRS heavy-ion two-synchrotron medical facility, HIMAC, was approved in the 1987 fiscal year and clinical trials were started in late June 1994 as previously arranged. The operation experiences show that the entire HIMAC facility can work well with high stability and excellent reproducibility. For example, the intensity of beam extracted slowly from the rings can be reduced as low as 500 particles per pulse because stable and reproducible acceleration can be achieved in the rings in spite of no beam feedback. This performance enables direct counting of the beam and its fragments in the preparatory experiments toward clinical treatments and provides a promising basis for acceleration and storage of radioactive beams toward simultaneous treatment and diagnosis in future.

Magnetic field harmonics (multi-pole component of magnetic field) were measured in a 24-layer coil for a dipole magnet wound with NbTi round wires by using the surface winding technology (direct winding technology). The coil was wound layer by layer, and the magnetic field measurements were carried out by using rotating pick-up coil system, when the 4 layers, 10 layers, 16 layers, 20 layers, and 24 layers of the coil were wound. The measured magnetic field harmonics were compared with theoretical values. The error, which is the difference between the measured value and theoretical one, does not increase substantially with increasing number of wound layers when measured at the center of the coil. Larger errors measured near the coil end should have been caused by the position errors of wires, which was observed visually.

A superconducting rotating gantry for heavy-ion therapy is being designed. This isocentric rotating gantry can transport heavy ions with the maximum energy of $430\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/u$ to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0--360 degrees, and is further capable of performing three-dimensional raster-scanning irradiation. The combined-function superconducting magnets will be employed for the rotating gantry. The superconducting magnets with optimized beam optics allow a compact gantry design with a large scan size at the isocenter; the length and the radius of the gantry will be approximately 13 and 5.5 m, respectively, which are comparable to those for the existing proton gantries. Furthermore, the maximum scan size at the isocenter is calculated to be as large as approximately 200 mm square for heavy-ion beams at the maximum energy of $430\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}/u$. Based on the design of the beam optics, specifications of the superconducting magnets were determined. The superconducting magnets and magnetic-field distributions are designed using a three-dimensional field solver. With the calculated magnetic fields, beam-tracking simulations were performed to verify the design of the superconducting magnets, and concurrently to evaluate the field quality. With calculated beam profiles at the isocenter, we found that the positions of beam spots as well as their size and shape could be well reproduced as designed, proving validity of our design.

HIMAC is a heavy ion medical accelerator in Chiba now under construction at NIRS (National Institute of Radiological Sciences). The first beam is expected at the end of 1993. The dipole and quadrupole magnets of the synchrotron have demountable pole end pieces. The integrated field of all the dipoles of the synchrotron ring were adjusted with a precision of /spl plusmn/0.8/spl times/10/sup -4/ at 1 T by field measurements. Deviations in the integrated field of each dipole were also measured at different excitation levels. By proper location of the dipoles to reduce 3rd and 4th harmonics of the error distribution in the ring, the closed orbit distortion (COD) due to the harmonic errors was estimated to be less than 2.7 mm over the entire excitation range. The shims at the ends of the quadrupole poles were adjusted to obtain a gradient length product that was uniform to within 8/spl times/10/sup -3/ at low field and 3/spl times/10/sup -3/ at high field over a width of 244 mm along the horizontal axis. >

Li 2 O is a candidate as solid breeders for D-T fusion reactors. Diffusion of lithium ions and tritium is an important property of materials being considered as the solid breeders. Ionic conductivity of Li 2 O reflects the lithium-ion diffusion, and the tritium diffusion in Li 2 O is considered to be closely related to the lithium-ion diffusion from some experimental results. The radiation effects on migration behavior of lithium ions and tritium in Li 2 O, and the correlation between the radiation effects and the irradiation defects, such as F + centers, have been investigated by measuring the ionic conductivity of irradiated Li 2 O. In addition, sites of tritium in the Li 2 O crystal lattice and the tritium migration mechanisms were studied by computer simulation using the intermediate neglect of differential overlap (INDO) MO LCAO calculation and the embedded molecular cluster model. The calculated results provide validity in theoretical aspect for the evaluation of tritium migration behavior using the ionic conductivity measurements. In this paper, the results in the above-mentioned studies on ionic conductivity of Li 2 O and the computer simulation study are reviewed.

Virions resembling papovavirus were demonstrated in glial cells in the brain of an aged patient without overt progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. The patient was not in a severely immunocompromised state. On histological examination, only a few tiny incomplete necrotic foci were found in the subcortical area. These foci were widely dispersed. Rare, swollen oligodendroglial cells and astrocytes in which papovavirus capsid protein (VP-1) was demonstrated immunohistochemically were present around the foci. The two typical types of virus particles i.e. 35 to 40 nm round particles and elongated particles, were observed in the nuclei of the swollen glial cells. The latter were in the minority. Distinct crystals were also found in the nuclei. The centre-to-centre distance of the particles in the crystals, about 40 nm, and the electron-opaque spots of the round-shaped virions and of the elongated particles, were indicative of structural subunits of papovavirus capsids. This case provides further evidence that papovavirus, possibly JC virus, may be reactivated in the brains of aged patients who are not in an immunocompromised state.

CD59 is an 18-kDa glycoprotein widely expressed on human cells. An important structural feature of CD59 is its attachment to the cell surface via a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. CD59, like many GPI-anchored proteins, has been found in urine, serum, and other body fluids. The structures of the GPI anchor and the asparagine-linked sugar chain of a soluble form of CD59 in urine, U-CD59, were determined. Purified U-CD59 released 1 mol of inositol per mole of protein by nitrous acid deamination, which cleaved between glucosamine and inositol present commonly in the GPI anchor. This indicates that a GPI anchor, which ended with inositol, is linked at the carboxy terminus of U-CD59. The peptide containing an asparagine-linked sugar chain and the peptide containing a glycan portion of the GPI anchor were isolated after trypsin digestion of U-CD59. The asparagine-linked sugar chains and the glycan portion of the GPI anchor were isolated from these peptides following hydrazinolysis or deamination and dephosphorylation, respectively. Their structures were analyzed by sequential exoglycosidase digestion and methylation analyses. The structures of the asparagine-linked sugar chains of U-CD59 were biantennary complex type, only 4.2% of which are monosialylated. The backbone structure of the GPI anchor was similar to that of Try-panosoma brucei variant surface glycoprotein, but showed significant variations in its side-chain moieties. This is the first detailed structural analysis of the human GPI anchor and the first detailed analysis of the carboxyl-terminal structure of the soluble-form GPI-anchored protein. The results indicate that the backbone structure of the GPI anchor is conserved from parasites to human and that at least a part of the soluble-form GPI-anchored protein has the structure produced by the action of glycan-phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D.

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex (3b) was found to show high asymmetric induction up to 90% ee. To be interested, however, (8R,8′R,1″S,2″S)-complex (1a) that showed excellent asymmetric induction in the epoxidation of simple olefins was a poor catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides.

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex

SummaryTo clarify the involvement of free ABA in the sugar accumulation induced by water stress, nighttime experiments were conducted in mid-September to determine the free ABA concentration in juice and peel for different water potentials (ψ max). Simultaneously, the pH of the juice was also determined because it can regulate the ionization of ABA. As the water stress increased (ψ max

The purposes of this study were to determine whether a response shift was observable after partial denture treatment and to identify the predictors that influenced the response shift magnitude and direction. A total of 173 consecutive patients with no more than eight missing teeth who received implant-supported, fixed or removable partial dentures at Okayama University Dental Hospital were asked to complete a full-version Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) questionnaire before (pre-test) and after treatment (post-test). Additionally, a short form (then-test) consisting of seven questions selected from the full version had its reliability verified and was utilised to retrospectively assess the pre-treatment OHRQoL status. The difference between the summary scores of the then-test and the pre-test determined the response shift magnitude and direction. The then-test mean score (22·9 ± 6·6) was significantly lower (worse OHRQoL) than that of the pre-test (26·4 ± 5·2). The response shift effect size was of moderate magnitude and negative direction (d = -0·78). A multiple regression analysis showed that age (younger patients) (P0·01), number of replaced teeth (fewer) (P0·01) and pre-test scores (lower) (P0·01) were the significant predictors for response shift. In conclusion, a response shift phenomenon with negative and moderate effect size was observed after partial denture treatment. The significant predictor variables were young age, fewer numbers of replaced teeth and lower pre-test scores.

In two distinct cell lines, the protein kinase inhibitors K-252a and staurosporine did not inhibit the proliferation of two protein-free subclones as compared with their parental serum-dependent clones in a time- or concentration-dependent manner. Resistance to protein kinase inhibitors appeared in the selection of protein-free subclones from serum dependent clones. This concomitant appearance of drug resistance and autonomic proliferation suggests that cell proliferation in a protein-free culture does not depend on signal transduction through the protein kinase system. It is of interest that this growth factor independence is not caused by autocrine growth factor secretion in the protein-free medium, with this phenomenon possibly reflecting the tumor progression from sensitive to resistant in clinical trials of these inhibitors.

We give a brief description of the purpose of the LHCf experiment, detectors and their performance, and what has been done in the first year experiment. A short summary of results at ?s=900 GeV is given although the energy is not an "intrinsic" LHC energy. Since detailed results at ?s=7 TeV will appear soon elsewhere, here we limit ourselves to giving also a brief account of what will come in that paper. © 2011 American Institute of Physics.

Analysis techniques in LHCf are presented, in which all techniques are required to have a high resolution and efficiency in order to overcome the severe situation, small lateral aperture and longitudinally short length of the detector. In this paper, methods for reconstructing an energy of electromagnetic shower are discussed following the data flow of measured data and Monte Carlo simulations.

The LHCf experiment is designed to measure energies and transverse momenta of neutral particles emitted in the forward region of s = 14 TeV p‐p collision at ±140 m away from the interaction point1 (IP1) of LHC. The energy resolution is confirm to be within 5% and the position resolution is better than 0.2 mm for gamma‐rays with energies from 100 GeV to 200 GeV by the test beam results at the CERN‐SPS. LHCf has taken data at 2009 and 2010 at s = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collision. A brief summary of LHCf operation at LHC is also reported here.

A slow beam extraction system using the third order resonance has been constructed at TARN II and beam extraction tests have been performed. By the ordinary scheme where the tune is shifted to the resonance with ramping the excitation strength of the lattice quadrupole magnets, an extraction efficiency of 90% is attained. A new scheme increasing the horizontal emittance of the circulating beam is applied to extract the beam. A very long beam spill of 800 s is obtained by this scheme. A method using a transverse rf field is also studied experimentally, resulting in an extracted beam with smaller emittance.

Dissociative recombination of ${\mathrm{HeH}}^{+}$ has been studied for the ${\mathrm{HeH}}^{+}$ ion stored in a storage ring. A strong recombination resonance having a peak at around 20 eV center-of-mass energy has been found for the first time in addition to the known recombination at around 0 eV center-of-mass energy. The strength of the recombination rate changes depending on the storage time of ${\mathrm{HeH}}^{+}$ ions.

The macroscopic fracture properties of an Si3N4/SiC-platelet composite fabricated by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) without sintering aids were measured by the chevron-notch technique in bending and related to micromechanisms of fracture by means of a quantitative profilometric analysis of the fracture surfaces. Compositional and processing parameters were varied systematically in order to maximize both the fracture toughness and the work of fracture of the composite. Data were compared with those of monolithic Si3N4 fabricated by the same process. Cooling-rate from the HI Ping temperature was indicated as a critical parameter especially when cooling was performed under high pressure. A marked embrittlement of the composite body was found by cooling at around 650 °C h−1 and it could not be completely recovered by successive annealing even up to temperatures above 1700 °C. The highest fracture toughness and work of fracture in the composite (obtained at a cooling rate of about 100 °C h−1), were measured as 4.6 MPa m1/2 and 58.6 J m−2, respectively. In agreement with fractal analysis results, they were estimated to be about 60%–70% of the maximum values, respectively, obtainable in the present composite system, provided that a complete debonding at the platelet/matrix interface can occur.

Chiral (salen)manganese(III) complexes ( 3 and 4 ) were prepared and used for the enantioselective epoxidation of unfunctionalized olfefins. The highest enantioselectivity of 48% ee for the catalytic epoxidation of (E)-stilbene was realized by using 3 as a catalyst though much lower enantioselectivity (7% ee) was obtained for that of (E)-1-phenyl-1-propene. In the epoxidation of (Z)-olefins, enantioselectivities were in the range of 68–72% ee by using 3 as a catalyst and 60% ee by using 4 .

Several kinds of chiral (salen)manganese(III) complexes ( 2 and 3 ) having chiral salicylaldehyde and chiral ethylenediamine moieties were prepared and used for catalytic asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins with iodosobenzene as a terminal oxidant. Catalysts 2 and 3 were found to show the characteristic substrate specificity for the enantiofacial selection of olefins, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of donor ligands such as pyridine N -oxide or 2-methylimidazole to the epoxidation reaction system was found to alter the enantioselectivity. As a result, the highest enantioselectivity for nonenzaymatic catalytic epoxidation was achieved for ( E )-1-phenylpropene (56% ee, with 2c in the presence of 2-methylimidazole), ( E )-stilbene (48% ee, with 3a ), and dihydronaphthalene (83% ee, with 3a in the presence of pyridine N -oxide).

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex (3b) was found to show high asymmetric induction up to 90% ee. To be interested, however, (8R,8′R,1″S,2″S)-complex (1a) that showed excellent asymmetric induction in the epoxidation of simple olefins was a poor catalyst for the oxidation of sulfides.

Asymmetric oxidation of sulfides was examined by using (salen)manganese(III) complexes as catalysts and (8S,8′S,1″S,2″S)-complex

Lutein, a xanthophyll of a carotenoid, is anticipated as a therapeutic product to prevent human eye diseases. However, its biological mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show the molecular mechanism of lutein's effect to reduce photodamage of the retina. We analyzed the light-exposed retinas of Balb/c mice given lutein-supplemented or normal diet. Visual function was measured by electroretinogram, and histological changes were observed. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot analyses were performed to analyze molecular mechanism. The reactive oxygen species induced in the retina was evaluated by fluorescent probes. In the mice after light exposure, reduction of a-wave and b-wave amplitudes in electroretinogram, indicating visual impairment, and thinning of the photoreceptor cell layer owing to apoptosis were both attenuated by lutein diet. Interestingly, γ-H2AX, a marker for double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, was up-regulated in the photoreceptor cells after light exposure, but this increase was attenuated by lutein diet, suggesting that DSBs caused by photodamage contributed to the photoreceptor cell death and that this change was suppressed by lutein. Moreover, the expression of eyes absent (EYA), which promotes DNA repair and cell survival, was significantly up-regulated with lutein diet in the light-exposed retina. Therefore, lutein induced EYA for DNA repair, which could suppress DNA damage and photoreceptor cell apoptosis. Lutein reduced light-induced oxidative stress in the retina, which might contribute to promote DNA repair. The lutein-supplemented diet attenuated light-induced visual impairment by protecting the photoreceptor cells' DNA.

In vaginally delivered births (including a few cases where the mothers were under epidural anesthesia), differences between first and second born twins were compared according to presentation at delivery. Of twins with vertex/vertex presentation in 15 primipara cases and in 14 multipara cases, pO2 levels for the second born were significantly lower (both being p < 0.05) than for the first born. Of twins vertex/non-vertex presentation, the second born in 9 primipara cases showed significantly lower pH, pO2 and HCO3 levels (p2 (p