523 results on '"Kerr, Ligia"'
Search Results
202. Antiretroviral Drug Resistance in a Respondent-Driven Sample of HIV-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil
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Bermúdez-Aza, Elkin Hernan, primary, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, additional, Kendall, Carl, additional, Pinho, Adriana Araujo, additional, de Mello, Maeve Brito, additional, Mota, Rosa Salani, additional, Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, additional, Alencar, Cecilia Salete, additional, de Brito, Ana Maria, additional, Dourado, Ines Costa, additional, da Batista, Sonia Maria Batista, additional, Abreu, Fabiano, additional, de Oliveira, Lisangela Cristina, additional, de Souza Moraes, Adão, additional, Benzaken, Adele Schwartz, additional, Merchan-Hamann, Edgar, additional, de Freitas, Gisele Maria Brandão, additional, McFarland, Willi, additional, Albuquerque, Elizabeth, additional, Rutherford, George W, additional, and Sabino, Ester, additional
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- 2011
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203. Reliability of Self-Report of HIV Status Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Brazil
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Salani Mota, Rosa Maria, primary, Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco, additional, Kendall, Carl, additional, Pinho, Adriana, additional, de Mello, Maeve Brito, additional, Dourado, Inês, additional, Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, additional, Brito, Ana, additional, Batista, Sônia, additional, Abreu, Fabiano, additional, Benzaken, Adele, additional, Oliveira, Lisangela, additional, Moraes, Adão, additional, Merchan-Hamann, Edgar, additional, Freitas, Giselle, additional, Albuquerque, Elizabeth Maciel, additional, Mcfarland, Willi, additional, and Rutherford, George, additional
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- 2011
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204. Disparities in mother-to-child transmission in Northeast Brazil: regional failures within successful country programs
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Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, primary, do Socorro Cavalcante, Maria, additional, Kendall, Carl, additional, Machado, Márcia M., additional, Dourado, Maria Inês, additional, and Galvao, Marli, additional
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- 2011
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205. Comportamentos de risco para transtornos do comportamento alimentar entre adolescentes do sexo feminino de diferentes estratos sociais do Nordeste do Brasil
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Vale, Antonio Maia Olsen do, primary, Kerr, Ligia Regina Sansigolo, additional, and Bosi, Maria Lúcia Magalhães, additional
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- 2011
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206. Condições sociodemográficas de crianças de zero a dois anos filhas de mães com HIV/Aids, Fortaleza, CE, Brasil
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Machado, Márcia Maria Tavares, primary, Galvão, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz, additional, Lindsay, Ana Cristina, additional, Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves da, additional, Leite, Álvaro Jorge Madeiro, additional, Leite, Robério Dias, additional, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, additional
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- 2010
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207. Risky sexual practices among men who have sex with men in Northeast Brazil: results from four sequential surveys
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Gondim, Rogério Costa, primary, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, additional, Werneck, Guilherme L., additional, Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia, additional, Pontes, Marta Kerr, additional, and Kendall, Carl, additional
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- 2009
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208. BRAZILIAN MOTHERS’ BELIEFS, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES RELATED TO CHILD WEIGHT STATUS AND EARLY FEEDING WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF NUTRITION TRANSITION
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LINDSAY, ANA CRISTINA, primary, TAVARES MACHADO, MARCIA, additional, SUSSNER, KATARINA M., additional, HARDWICK, CARY K., additional, SANSIGOLO KERR, LIGIA REGINA FRANCO, additional, and PETERSON, KAREN E., additional
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- 2009
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209. Clinical and laboratory variables associated with quality of Ufe in Brazilian haemodialysis patients: a single-centre study
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Santos, Paulo Roberto, primary and Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia Regina, additional
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- 2008
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210. Drinking patterns between men and women in two distinct Brazilian communities
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Kerr-Corrêa, Florence, primary, Tucci, Adriana Marcassa, additional, Hegedus, Andrea Mary, additional, Trinca, Luzia Aparecida, additional, Oliveira, Janaina Barbosa de, additional, Floripes, Tricia Maria Feitosa, additional, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, additional
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- 2008
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211. Risk factors for sexually transmitted infections in women in rural Northeast Brazil
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Oliveira, Fabíola Araújo, primary, Lang, Katrin, additional, Ehrig, Viola, additional, Heukelbach, Jorg, additional, Fraga, Francisco, additional, Stoffler-Meilicke, Marina, additional, Ignatius, Ralf, additional, Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia Regina, additional, and Feldmeier, Hermann, additional
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- 2008
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212. Sexually transmitted infections, bacterial vaginosis, and candidiasis in women of reproductive age in rural Northeast Brazil: a population-based study
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Oliveira, Fabíola Araújo, primary, Pfleger, Viola, additional, Lang, Katrin, additional, Heukelbach, Jörg, additional, Miralles, Iracema, additional, Fraga, Francisco, additional, Sousa, Anastácio Queiroz, additional, Stoffler-Meilicke, Marina, additional, Ignatius, Ralf, additional, Kerr, Ligia Franco Sansigolo, additional, and Feldmeier, Hermann, additional
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- 2007
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213. Sociodemographic factors and health in a population of children living in families infected with HIV in Fortaleza and Salvador, Brazil.
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Cavalcante, Mariado Socorro, Kerr, Ligia ReginaFranco Sansigolo, Brignol, Sandra MaraSilva, Silva, Diorlenede Oliveira, Dourado, Inês, Galvão, Marli TerezinhaGimeniz, and Kendall, Carl
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HIV infection risk factors , *AIDS patients , *CHI-squared test , *CHILDREN'S health , *STATISTICAL correlation , *FAMILIES , *FISHER exact test , *HEALTH status indicators , *HIV infections , *INTERVIEWING , *MEDICAL cooperation , *MULTIVARIATE analysis , *PARENTS , *POPULATION geography , *RESEARCH , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CROSS-sectional method , *VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases) , *HIV seroconversion , *DATA analysis software , *STATISTICAL models , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHILDREN - Abstract
This study explores the relationships between demographic, socioeconomic and health statuses of children whose parents were HIV positive in two cities in Northeast Brazil. We conducted a multisite exploratory study in HIV/AIDS referral services for HIV/AIDS in Fortaleza, the capital of Ceará State, and Salvador, the capital of Bahia State, between June 2008 and March 2009. The study population consisted of 562 HIV+ adults − or caretakers of children of HIV+ adults − who provided information about a single index child under 13 years of age of either sex in their household. A structured questionnaire was used for to the adult parent or caretaker. We used multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), as implemented in the software SPAD (Portable Système pour l'Analyse des données). This analysis enabled us to identify the relationships between a large number of variables simultaneously. Of the 562 children, 311 (55.3%) lived in Fortaleza and 251 (44.7%) lived in Salvador. The proportion of HIV-infected children in Fortaleza was 14.2%, and 61.4% (27/44) of these had progressed to AIDS. In Salvador 34.7% of children were seropositive and 95% (83/87) were diagnosed with AIDS. The most important factors that emerged from the study were city and serostatus of the children. These two active variables accounted for 75.3% of the variance. Results are grouped into four profiles that describe the complex of socioeconomic variables closely associated with these families, and the complex and multiple epidemics of HIV, discrimination and poverty associated with these AIDS-affected families. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2013
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214. Travestis , an unexplored population at risk of HIV in a large metropolis of northeast Brazil: A respondent-driven sampling survey.
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Martins, TelmaA., Kerr, Ligia ReginaF.S., Macena, RaimundaH.M., Mota, RosaS., Carneiro, KalinaL., Gondim, RogérioC., and Kendall, Carl
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HIV infection risk factors , *SEXUALLY transmitted disease risk factors , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *HOMOSEXUALITY , *INTERVIEWING , *SEX work , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *RESEARCH funding , *RISK-taking behavior , *SOCIAL isolation , *STATISTICS , *SOCIAL stigma , *CITY dwellers , *TRANSGENDER people , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CROSS-sectional method , *DATA analysis software , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Travestisare highly vulnerable to HIV infection in Brazil. We conducted a survey among 304 travestis using Respondent-Driven Sampling from August to December 2008. Travestis are young (49% <24 years), poorly educated (55% just elementary school), low social class (62% Class C-E), reside with families (49%) or friends/madam (22%), are victims of homophobia (91%) and violence (61%). They report early sexual debut (75% <14), many sexual partners, drug use during sex (43%), and unprotected sex (male partner, 47%, both male and female partners, 50%). Sex work is common (82%, 59% >10 partners last six months) and relatively low cost (median=US$24). A majority report testing for HIV (69%), and report high prevalence (12% disclosed a positive result). Almost all the respondents refused to test in the study. Interventions, targeted to both travestis and to the general community about sexual discrimination, are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2013
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215. Genotyping and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains observed in a tuberculosis high-burden municipality in Northeast, Brazil.
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dos Santos Silva Luiz, Roberta, Suffys, Phillip, Barroso, Elizabeth Clara, Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia Regina, Romariz Duarte, Cynthia, Carioca Freitas, Max Victor, Salani Mota, Rosa Maria, and Cunha Frota, Cristiane
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- 2013
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216. Comportamentos de risco para transtornos do comportamento alimentar entre adolescentes do sexo feminino de diferentes estratos sociais do Nordeste do Brasil.
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do Vale, Antonio Maia Olsen, Kerr, Ligia Regina Sansigolo, and Bosi, Maria Lúcia Magalhães
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EATING disorders ,TEENAGE girls ,EPIDEMIOLOGY ,BODY image ,REGRESSION analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2011
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217. Xanthogranulomatous Mastitis Mimicking Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.
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Oliveira, Idam, Viana, Cristiano Ribeiro, Sabino, Silvia Maria Prioli de Souza, Kerr, Ligia Maria, and Vieira, René Aloisio da Costa
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MASTITIS diagnosis ,BIOPSY ,BREAST tumors ,DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis ,INFLAMMATION ,TREATMENT effectiveness - Abstract
The article presents a case study of a 47-year-old woman initially presented with cognitive impairment after brain radiation therapy for treatment of hypothalamic glioma. Topics discussed include the patient having bilateral mammary tumors in the upper lateral quadrants, breast ultrasound showing the presence of hypoechoic, irregular nodules, and angled margins; and pathology of the surgical specimens revealing chronic Xanthogranulomatous mastitis (XM).
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- 2017
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218. The socio- demographic conditions of children aged 0 to 2 years born to mothers with HI V/AIDS, in the city of Fortaleza, in the Brazilian State of Ceará.
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Machado, Marcia Maria Tavares, Galvão, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz, Lindsay, Ana Cristina, da Cunha, Antonio José Ledo Alves, Leite, Alvaro Jorge Madeiro, Leite, Robério Dias, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
- Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Mother & Child Health (BJMCH) / Revista Brasileira de Saude Materno Infantil (RBSMI) is the property of Instituto de Medicina Integral and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2010
219. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections among men who have sex with men, Brazil.
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Motta-Castro, Ana Rita, Kerr, Ligia, Kendall, Carl, Crosland Guimarães, Mark Drew, Mota, Rosa Salani, Maria De Brito, Ana, Veras, Maria Amelia, Dourado, Ines, Oliveira, Lisangela, Magno, Laio, Maia, Raimunda Hermelinda, and Moreira, Regina Célia
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- 2019
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220. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH.
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Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia Regina and Kendall, Carl
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HEALTH promotion ,MEDICAL personnel ,QUALITATIVE research - Published
- 2013
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221. Correction to: Behind bars: the burden of being a woman in Brazilian prisons.
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de Araújo, Priscila França, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, Kendall, Carl, Rutherford, George W., Seal, David W., da Justa Pires Neto, Roberto, da Costa Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva, Galvão, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz, Araújo, Larissa Fortunato, Pinheiro, Francisco Marto Leal, and da Silva, Ana Zaira
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PRISON psychology , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors - Abstract
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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222. Investigating extradomiciliary transmission of tuberculosis: An exploratory approach using social network patterns of TB cases and controls and the genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Pinho, Suani T.R., Pereira, Susan M., Miranda, José G.V., Duarte, Tonya A., Nery, Joilda S., de Oliveira, Maeli G., Freitas, M. Yana G.S., De Almeida, Naila A., Moreira, Fabio B., Gomes, Raoni B.C., Kerr, Ligia, Kendall, Carl, Gomes, M. Gabriela M., Bessa, Theolis C.B., Andrade, Roberto F.S., and Barreto, Mauricio L.
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Extradomiciliary contacts have been overlooked in the study of TB transmission due to difficulties in identifying actual contacts in large populations. Complex network analysis provides a framework to model the structure of contacts, specially extradomiciliary ones. We conducted a study of incident sputum-positive TB cases and healthy controls occurring in a moderate TB burden city. Cases and controls were interviewed to obtain data regarding the usual locations of residence, work, study, and leisure. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from sputum was genotyped. The collected data were used to build networks based on a framework of putative social interactions indicating possible TB transmission. A user-friendly open source environment (GraphTube) was setup to extract information from the collected data. Networks based on the likelihood of patient-patient, patient-healthy, and healthy-healthy contacts were setup, depending on a constraint of geographical distance of places attended by the volunteers. Using a threshold for the geographical distance of 300 m, the differences between TB cases and controls are revealed. Several clusters formed by social network nodes with high genotypic similarity were characterized. The developed framework provided consistent results and can be used to support the targeted search of potentially infected individuals and to help to understand the TB transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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223. Acceptability of HIV self-testing is low among men who have sex with men who have not tested for HIV: a study with respondent-driven sampling in Brazil.
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Magno, Laio, Leal, Andrea Fachel, Knauth, Daniela, Dourado, Inês, Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, Santana, Elis Passos, Jordão, Tiago, Rocha, Gustavo Machado, Veras, Maria Amélia, Kendall, Carl, Pontes, Alexandre Kerr, de Brito, Ana Maria, Kerr, Ligia, The Brazilian HIV/MSM Surveillance Group, Pontes, Alexandre K., Camillo, Ana C., Brito, Ana M., Magalhães, Ageu, Motta-Castro, Ana R. C., and Knauthe Andréa F Leal, Daniela R.
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MEN who have sex with men ,HIV ,HIV infection epidemiology ,DIAGNOSIS of HIV infections ,HOMOSEXUALITY ,AIDS serodiagnosis ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,INTELLECT ,CONDOMS ,HEALTH self-care ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Background: Brazil has many people living with HIV (PLWH) who are unaware of their serostatus. The public health system has recently added HIV self-testing (HIVST) for key populations such as men who have sex with men (MSM). This study estimates HIVST acceptability among Brazilian MSM and explores factors associated with acceptability among MSM who have never tested for HIV or who had a previous negative result.Methods: Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used to recruit 4176 MSM in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016 to this biological and behavioral surveillance study. We excluded from this analysis all MSM who were aware of their positive HIV serostatus. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Overall proportions were weighted with Gile's estimator in RDS Analyst software and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The analyses of HIVST acceptability were stratified by prior HIV testing (never or one or more times).Results: For this analysis, 3605 MSM were included. The acceptability of HIVST was 49.1%, lower among those who had never tested for HIV (42.7%) compared to those who had a previous HIV negative test (50.1%). In the subgroup of MSM who had never tested for HIV, those who reported discrimination or who had a medical appointment in the last 12 months reported higher HIVST acceptability. Among MSM who had a previous negative HIV test, only those reporting condomless receptive anal sex reported higher HIVST acceptability. In addition, we observed that high levels of knowledge of HIV/AIDS, taking part in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender nongovernmental organizations (LGBT-NGO), or complete secondary or incomplete higher undergraduate education reported higher acceptability.Conclusions: The acceptability of HIVST was low among MSM, especially among those who never tested for HIV. Given access to HIVST in Brazil, we point to the need for programs that enhance promotion of testing addressed to MSM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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224. Behind bars: the burden of being a woman in Brazilian prisons.
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de Araújo, Priscila França, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, Kendall, Carl, Rutherford, George W., Seal, David W., da Justa Pires Neto, Roberto, da Costa Pinheiro, Patrícia Neyva, Galvão, Marli Teresinha Gimeniz, Araújo, Larissa Fortunato, Pinheiro, Francisco Marto Leal, and da Silva, Ana Zaira
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PRISON psychology , *SURVEYS , *REPRODUCTIVE health , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *DATA analysis software - Abstract
Background: Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. In 2016, the female prison population totaled 42,000, an increase of 656% over the population recorded in the early 2000s. The objective of this study was to describe the socialeconomic and reproductive health of women in Brazilian prisons, and the specific assistance received within the prison system. Methods: This is a first of its kind national survey conducted in 15 female prisons in eight Brazilian states between 2014 and 2015. The sample consisted of 1327 women in closed or semi-open prison regimes. Data collection used Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (ACASI). STATA v.15. Was use in analysis. The study was submitted to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Ceará, under CEP protocol No. 1,024,053. Results: The population was overwhelmingly Black or Brown, poor and little educated. When women worked previously, they had worked as domestic servants and were the sole source of income for their families. Most were mothers, with 39% having children less than 10 years old, now in the care of others. Most were in jail for drug-related crimes. Prisons were crowded, with more than 2/3rds of the inmates sharing a cell with 6 or more inmates. Services were provide, but women had not had a cervical cancer screening within the past 3 years and breast cancer screening was not conducted. Conclusions: Overall, given their backround and prison conditions they are unlikely to change the circumstances that brought them to prison in the first place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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225. Stromal Cell Signature Associated with Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Locally Advanced Breast Cancer.
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Katayama, Maria Lucia Hirata, Vieira, René Aloísio da Costa, Andrade, Victor Piana, Roela, Rosimeire Aparecida, Lima, Luiz Guilherme Cernaglia Aureliano, Kerr, Ligia Maria, Campos, Adriano Polpo de, Pereira, Carlos Alberto de Bragança, Serio, Pedro Adolpho de Menezes Pacheco, Encinas, Giselly, Maistro, Simone, Petroni, Matheus de Almeida Leite, Brentani, Maria Mitzi, and Folgueira, Maria Aparecida Azevedo Koike
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FALSE discovery rate ,STROMAL cells ,BREAST cancer ,GENE expression profiling ,CELL physiology ,LYMPHOCYTE transformation ,FROZEN human embryos ,CYTOTOXIC T cells - Abstract
Breast cancer stromal compartment, may influence responsiveness to chemotherapy. Our aim was to detect a stromal cell signature (using a direct approach of microdissected stromal cells) associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCT) in locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). The tumor samples were collected from 44 patients with LABC (29 estrogen receptor (ER) positive and 15 ER negative) before the start of any treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide, followed by paclitaxel. Response was defined as downstaging to maximum ypT1a-b/ypN0. The stromal cells, mainly composed of fibroblast and immune cells, were microdissected from fresh frozen tumor samples and gene expression profile was determined using Agilent SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression microarrays. Expression levels were compared using MeV (MultiExperiment Viewer) software, applying SAM (significance analysis of microarrays). To classify samples according to tumor response, the order of median based on confidence statements (MedOr) was used, and to identify gene sets correlated with the phenotype downstaging, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Nine patients presented disease downstaging. Eleven sequences (FDR 17) were differentially expressed, all of which (except H2AFJ) more expressed in responsive tumors, including PTCHD1 and genes involved in abnormal cytotoxic T cell physiology, TOX, LY75, and SH2D1A. The following four pairs of markers could correctly classify all tumor samples according to response: PTCHD1/PDXDC2P, LOC100506731/NEURL4, SH2D1A/ENST00000478672, and TOX/H2AFJ. Gene sets correlated with tumor downstaging (FDR < 0.01) were mainly involved in immune response or lymphocyte activation, including CD47, LCK, NCK1, CD24, CD3E, ZAP70, FOXP3, and CD74, among others. In locally advanced breast cancer, stromal cells may present specific features of immune response that may be associated with chemotherapy response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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226. Stromal cell signature in luminal breast cancer associated with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy
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Katayama, Maria Lucia H., Da Costa Vieira, Rene A., Roela, Rosimeire A., Andrade, Victor P., Lima, Luiz Guilherme C. A., Encinas, Giselly, Kerr, Ligia M., Simone Maistro, Brentani, M. Mitzi, and Koike Folgueira, Maria A. A.
227. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for respondent-driven sampling studies: 'STROBE-RDS' statement
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Spiller, Michael W, Wilson, David, Hladik, Wolfgang, Kerr, Ligia, Orroth, Kate, Johnston, Lisa G, Kendall, Carl, Drake, Amy, Salganik, Matthew J, White, Richard G, Egger, Matthias, and Hakim, Avi J
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congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities ,sense organs ,respiratory system ,610 Medicine & health ,eye diseases ,360 Social problems & social services ,respiratory tract diseases ,3. Good health - Abstract
OBJECTIVES Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) is a new data collection methodology used to estimate characteristics of hard-to-reach groups, such as the HIV prevalence in drug users. Many national public health systems and international organizations rely on RDS data. However, RDS reporting quality and available reporting guidelines are inadequate. We carried out a systematic review of RDS studies and present Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology for RDS Studies (STROBE-RDS), a checklist of essential items to present in RDS publications, justified by an explanation and elaboration document. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING We searched the MEDLINE (1970-2013), EMBASE (1974-2013), and Global Health (1910-2013) databases to assess the number and geographical distribution of published RDS studies. STROBE-RDS was developed based on STROBE guidelines, following Guidance for Developers of Health Research Reporting Guidelines. RESULTS RDS has been used in over 460 studies from 69 countries, including the USA (151 studies), China (70), and India (32). STROBE-RDS includes modifications to 12 of the 22 items on the STROBE checklist. The two key areas that required modification concerned the selection of participants and statistical analysis of the sample. CONCLUSION STROBE-RDS seeks to enhance the transparency and utility of research using RDS. If widely adopted, STROBE-RDS should improve global infectious diseases public health decision making.
228. Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in female prison correctional officers in a national sample in Brazil
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da Silva, Ana Zaira, Mota, Rosa Maria Salani, Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia, da Justa Pires Neto, Roberto, Ferreira, Marcelo José Monteiro, de Araújo, Priscila França, Moreira, Thereza Maria Magalhães, Seal, David W, Kendall, Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
- Published
- 2020
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229. Prevalence of hypertension and associated factors in female prison correctional officers in a national sample in Brazil
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Silva, Ana Zaira, Mota, Rosa Maria Salani, Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia, Pires Neto, Roberto, Ferreira, Marcelo José Monteiro, Araújo, Priscila França, Moreira, Thereza Maria Magalhães, Seal, David W., Kendall, Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
- Abstract
To estimate hypertension prevalence and associated factors among female correctional officers (FCO) in female Brazilian prisons. Cross‐sectional, analytical study conducted in 15 female prisons in all five Brazilian regions between January 2014 and December 2015. The study population consisted of correctional officers with at least 6 months in the position. The sampling included 40% of FCO present in the prison during data collection, yielding 295 FCOs. Data were collected via Audio Computer‐Assisted Self‐Interview. A physical examination of participants was conducted including blood pressure, weight, and waist and hip circumference. The Odds Ratioand confidence intervals for independent factors were estimated. Hypertension prevalence in correctional officers was 37.9%, (95% CI 32.1‐44.0). Hypertension was associated with obesity (95% CI = 1.884‐9.947), cardiovascular disease (95% CI = 3.348‐16.724), and participation in the specific training course for the relevant position (95% CI = 1.413‐9.564). While findings, except for the last factor, are not novel, this is the first such study conducted in Brazil. Hypertension prevalence among this pool of all female correctional officers is higher than in the average population, and FCOs associate this with the prison environment. Current training does not appear to address this problem. Especially since prison populations are growing in Brazil, this problem needs to be addressed for the health of the FCOs and the prisoners in their care.
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- 2020
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230. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of frontline healthcare workers in a highly affected region in Brazil.
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Cohen, Mírian, Cruz, Luciane Nascimento, Cardoso, Ricardo Bertoglio, Albuquerque, Maria de Fátima Pessoa Militão de, Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos, de Souza, Wayner Vieira, Ludermir, Ana Bernarda, de Carvalho, Maria Rosimery, da Silva Vicente, Julianne Damiana, Viegas Filho, Marcelo Paulino, Cortes, Fanny Julia Mireille, de Siqueira Silva, Marina Teixeira, Almeida, Carla Menezes Cavalcante, Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa, Veras, Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena, Kendall, Carl, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, and Camey, Suzi Alves
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MEDICAL personnel , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *MENTAL health personnel , *MENTAL health , *COVID-19 pandemic , *MENTAL illness , *NURSES' associations - Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on the mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs), especially in low and middle-income countries, which had to face additional political, social, and economic challenges. We thus aimed to assess the prevalence of mental health outcomes and the associated factors in HCWs treating COVID-19 patients in one of the most affected regions in Brazil. Methods: We used the Respondent-Driven Sampling method to assess the risks of COVID-19 infection and symptoms of mental disorders in nurses, nursing technicians, and physicians who worked on the frontline in the metropolitan region of Recife. 865 healthcare workers completed a survey regarding sociodemographic data, work-related risks, and symptoms of mental disorders - SRQ-20 for common mental disorders (CMD); AUDIT-C for problematic alcohol use; GAD-7 for anxiety; PHQ-9 for depression; PCL-5 for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Gile's successive sampling estimator was used to produce the weighted estimates by professional category. A Poisson regression model with robust variance was used to analyze factors associated with a positive screening for CMD. We will present the results of a cross-sectional analysis of the mental health outcomes after the first peak of COVID-19 – from August 2020 to February 2021. Results: The prevalence ratios for a positive screening for CMD were 34.9% (95% CI: 27.8–41.9) in nurses, 28.6% (95% CI: 21.3–36.0) in physicians, and 26.6% (95% CI: 16.8–36.5) in nursing technicians. Nurses presented a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (23%). Positive screening for problematic alcohol use (10.5 to14.0%), anxiety (10.4 to 13.3%), and PTSD (3.3 to 4.4%) were similar between the professional categories. The main factors associated with CMD in nurses and physicians were related to an intrinsic susceptibility to mental illness, such as previous or family history of psychiatric disorder, and female sex. Among nurse technicians, work-related factors, such as accidents with biological material, presented the strongest association with CMD. Conclusion: The mental health of HCWs fighting COVID-19 in Recife was severely affected. It is crucial that healthcare services provide adequate working conditions and psychological support, investing in programs to promote and protect HCWs mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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231. Reports from the frontline: health workers describe COVID-19 risks and fears in five cities in Brazil.
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Kendall, Carl, Ellery, Ana Ecilda Lima, Carneiro Junior, Nivaldo, da Silva Santana, Rosane, Cruz, Luciane Nascimento, Cohen, Mírian, Leal, Marto, Lima, Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa, de Sousa Mascena Veras, Maria Amélia, de Fátima Pessoa Militão de Albuquerque, Maria, Lima, Karla Valéria Batista, Martelli, Celina Maria Turchi, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
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MEDICAL personnel , *CONVENIENCE sampling (Statistics) , *COVID-19 , *COVID-19 pandemic , *ETHNOGRAPHIC analysis - Abstract
Background: Health providers are under unprecedented pressures to perform in the COVID-19 health crisis and under unprecedented risks. We initiated a large mixed-method survey of health professionals in five large metropolitan areas in Brazil to document the risks and needs of health professionals. To initiate the study, we conducted formative research. Methods: We conducted 77 open-ended semi-structured interviews online in a convenience sample of physicians, nurses, nurse technicians, and physiotherapists in Belem, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, and São Paulo, Brazil. Design, data collection, and analysis were informed by Rapid Ethnographic Analysis (REA). Results: Responses are organized into three themes that emerged in the interviews: the lack of preparation – both locally and nationally—for the pandemic and its effects on staffing and training; the overlap of personal, family, and professional risk and consequences; and inadequately addressed anxiety and suffering among health staff. Conclusions: Our respondents were unprepared for the epidemic, especially the institutional sequelae and psychological cost. These consequences were exacerbated by both lack of leadership and sweeping changes undercutting the Brazilian health system noted by almost all participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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232. Perceived Risk of HIV Infection and Acceptability of PrEP among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Brazil.
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Soares, Fabiane, Magno, Laio, da Silva, Luís Augusto V., Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, Leal, Andrea Fachel, Knauth, Daniela, Veras, Maria Amélia, de Brito, Ana Maria, Kendall, Carl, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Dourado, Inês
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MEN who have sex with men , *HIV infections , *SEXUAL orientation , *PRE-exposure prophylaxis - Abstract
The HIV epidemic affects men who have sex with men (MSM) disproportionally in Brazil, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is effective for preventing HIV in this population. However, low perceived risk of HIV may influence the acceptability and decision to use PrEP. This study estimated the association between self-perception of HIV risk and acceptability of daily oral PrEP among Brazilian MSM. Respondent-driven sampling (RDS) was used for behavioral and biological surveillance to recruit 4,176 MSM 18 years or over in 12 Brazilian cities in 2016. Results were weighted using Gile's estimator in RDS Analyst software. Adjusted odds rations (OR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated using multivariate logistic regression. Acceptability of daily oral PrEP was high (69.7%) among the 3,544 MSM available for analysis. Most participants self-reported low or moderate risk of HIV infection (67.2%) and a small proportion (9.3%) reported high risk. A dose–response relationship was observed between acceptability of PrEP and self-reported risk: PrEP acceptability was 1.88 times higher (OR 1.8; 95% CI: 1.24–2.85) among MSM whose perceived risk of HIV infection was low or moderate, and 5 times higher (OR 5.68; 95% CI: 2.54–12.73) among those who self-reported high risk compared to MSM reporting no HIV risk. MSM with the highest risk perception of HIV reported higher rates of PrEP acceptability. Given the availability of daily oral PrEP in the public health care system in Brazil, we suggest emphasizing counseling about self-perception of HIV risk as part of routine HIV prevention services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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233. Factors Associated with Low Levels of HIV Testing among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Brazil.
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Brito, Ana Maria, Kendall, Carl, Kerr, Ligia, Mota, Rosa Maria Salani, Guimarães, Mark Drew Crosland, Dourado, Inês, Pinho, Adriana A., Benzaken, Adele Schwartz, Brignol, Sandra, and Reingold, Arthur L.
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AIDS diagnosis , *HIV , *MEN who have sex with men , *MEDICAL care use - Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess risk factors associated with low levels of HIV testing among MSM recruited through respondent driven sampling (RDS) in Brazil. Of 3,617 participants, 48.4% had never tested previously for HIV. A logistic model indicated that younger age, lower socioeconomic class, education, poor HIV/AIDS knowledge, no history of cruising, and having been tested during the study were characteristics independently associated with low levels of previous HIV testing. The HIV testing rate among MSM in Brazil is still low in spite of the availability of a large number services providing universal and free access to HIV/AIDS diagnosis and treatment. To respond to low utilization, the authors propose a higher priority for testing for key populations such as MSM, expanded education, expanding testing sites and a welcoming and nonjudgmental environment in health services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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234. Hypertension among women experiencing incarceration: A comparison with the general female population.
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da Silva, Ana Zaira, Kendall, Carl, Mota, Rosa Maria Salani, Machado, Ana Larissa Gomes, Pires Neto, Roberto da Justa, Maia Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda, and Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr, Ligia
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HYPERTENSION epidemiology , *CORRECTIONAL institutions , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *WOMEN , *COMPARATIVE studies , *SURVEYS , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *CHI-squared test , *DATA analysis software , *BODY mass index - Abstract
To compare the prevalence and characteristics of hypertension in women experiencing incarceration (WEI) to the general population in Brazil: (1) a prison survey conducted from January 2014 to December 2015 in 15 states, with 1,327 WEI; and (2) a household survey in the 26 states and the Federal District of Brazil administered to women in the general population (WGP). Data analysis used SPSS® version 20.0. The point estimates and the prevalence ratio with their respective confidence intervals were calculated using Poisson regression. Ages in the two populations differed, 27.9% of WGP were over 50, while 7.3% of WEI were. The overall prevalence of arterial hypertension was 31.3% (95% CI: 28.6–34.0) in the WEI and 38.9% (95% CI: 37.8–39.9) for WGP. For individuals under 30, hypertension was found in 22.4% of WEI and 13.4% of WGP. WEI have a higher prevalence of hypertension at an earlier age than the GP. Less education, obesity, using illegal drugs, previous pregnancy, and not using contraceptives were more frequent in this group, revealing the need to implement policies aimed at treating both their hypertension and other health issues in prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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235. A potential syndemic effect associated with symptoms of depression among men who have sex with men.
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Guimarães, Mark D. C., McKinnon, Karen, Dourado, Inês, Amelia Veras, Maria, Magno, Laio, Almeida, Marcelo, Wainberg, Milton, Kendall, Carl, Kerr, Ligia, and Cournos, Francine
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DEPRESSION in men , *MEN who have sex with men , *SYNDEMICS , *MENTAL depression , *HOMOPHOBIA , *HIV infections - Abstract
Introduction: Globally, depression rates are high among men who have sex with men (MSM). Multiple factors may interact synergistically to increase this risk. This analysis assessed the prevalence of symptoms of depression among MSM in Brazil and synergistic effects of several factors. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted in 12 cities using respondent-driven sampling. Socio-demographic and behavioral characteristics were collected. The PHQ-9 was used to screen for depression. Having moderate-severe depressive symptoms was compared to none-mild using logistic regression. The syndemic factor was a composite of hazardous alcohol use, sexual violence, and discrimination due to sexual orientation. Those with one to three of these factors were compared to those with none. Results: The weighted prevalence of moderate-severe depressive symptoms was 24.9% (95%CI = 21.8-28.8) and 16.2%, 22.9%, 46.0% and 51.0% when none, one, two, or three syndemic factors were present, respectively, indicating a dose-response effect. Perception of HIV risk, high level of HIV knowledge, known HIV infection, and health self-rated as poor or very poor were also associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The prevalence of moderate-severe depressive symptoms among MSM in Brazil is high, and selected factors act synergistically in increasing their prevalence. Public health policies should consider holistic depression prevention and treatment interventions for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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236. Efeito sindêmico no risco para o HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens no Brasil
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Araujo Junior, Antonio José Lima de, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Pinheiro Júnior, Francisco Marto Leal
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Minorias sexuais e de Gênero ,Sindemia ,HIV - Abstract
To characterize the effect syndemics conditions on HIV prevalence among men who have sex with men in Brazil. This is an excerpt from the research “National study of behaviors, attitudes, practices and prevalence of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B and C among men who have sex with men”. Cross-sectional study, carried out between June and December 2016, in 12 Brazilian cities. The population consisted of MSM aged 18 years or over and who lived or studied in one of the participating cities. A national sample of 4,176 individuals was obtained, following the Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS) technique. For the classification of syndemics, the following criteria were considered: if there is the presence of two or more diseases or health conditions concentrated in a specific group; social factors that create conditions for two or more diseases or health conditions to be concentrated in a group; the concentration of these health conditions result in an adverse interaction of diseases with biological, social or behavioral elements. The Complex Analysis Survey tool in StataTR 14.0 was used with each city treated as its own stratum to weight the final results. There was a higher proportion of HIV positive results among MSM in the age group over 25 years (31.0%; 95%CI 25.6 – 37.0; p
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- 2022
237. Prevalência e fatores associados à hanseníase entre mulheres privadas de liberdade no Brasil
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Parente, Eriza de Oliveira, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Pinheiro Júnior, Francisco Marto Leal
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Prisioneiros ,Mulheres ,Hanseníase ,Prisões ,Brasil - Abstract
The prison population is considered a fundamental group for the control of leprosy, since prisons are places that present environmental and social conditions that favor transmission and illness. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of leprosy in Brazilian female prisoners and to identify factors associated with the disease. Methods: This cross-sectional study explored the prevalence and factors associated with leprosy among Brazilian female prisoners and was carried out between 2014 and 2015 in 15 Brazilian female prisons. Data from 1327 women were collected through Computer-Assisted Self-Interview and dermatological and neurological examination to identify suspected leprosy. Results: The mean age was 33.4 years. Suspicion of leprosy was identified in 5.1% of women in prison, and the lifetime self-reported prevalence was 7.5%. The variables associated with self-reported leprosy throughout life were: women imprisoned once, twice as likely to have leprosy (95%CI: 1.2 - 3.5); white women were 1.4 times more likely to have leprosy than non-white women (95% CI: 1.1 - 1.8); women who knew someone with leprosy were 1.9 times more likely to have leprosy (95%CI: 1.1 - 3.3); and women who shared a cell with 11 or more women were 2.5 times more likely to have leprosy than women who shared a cell with two or fewer people (95% CI: 1.1 - 5.9). Conclusions: A lifetime self-report of leprosy among female inmates in Brazil was more than 100 times higher than that found in a Brazilian cohort of the general population. These values show the extreme vulnerability of this population generated by pre-incarceration poverty, as well as the potential for transmission in prison. A população carcerária é considerada um grupo fundamental para o controle da hanseníase, uma vez que as prisões são locais que apresentam condições ambientais e sociais que favorecem a transmissão e o adoecimento. Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de hanseníase em presidiárias brasileiras e identificar fatores associados à doença. Métodos: Este estudo transversal explorou a prevalência e os fatores associados à hanseníase entre presidiárias brasileiras e foi realizado entre 2014 e 2015 em 15 presídios femininos brasileiros. Os dados de 1327 mulheres foram coletados por meio de Auto-Entrevista Assistida por Computador e exame dermatológico e neurológico para identificar lesões suspeitas de hanseníase. Resultados: A média de idade foi de 33,4 anos. A suspeita de hanseníase foi identificada em 5,1% das mulheres na prisão, e a prevalência autorreferida ao longo da vida foi de 7,5%. As variáveis que se associaram à hanseníase autorreferida ao longo da vida foram: mulheres presas uma vez com duas vezes mais chances de ter hanseníase (IC95%: 1,2 - 3,5); mulheres brancas tinham 1,4 vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres não brancas (IC 95%: 1,1 - 1,8); mulheres que conheciam alguém com hanseníase tinham 1,9 vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase (IC95%: 1,1 - 3,3); e mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com 11 ou mais mulheres tinham 2,5 vezes mais chance de ter hanseníase do que mulheres que compartilhavam uma cela com duas ou menos pessoas (IC 95%: 1,1 - 5,9). Conclusões: A autorrelato de hanseníase ao longo da vida entre presidiárias no Brasil foi mais de 100 vezes maior do que a encontrada em uma coorte brasileira da população geral. Esses valores mostram a extrema vulnerabilidade dessa população gerada pela pobreza pré-reclusão, bem como potencial de transmissão na prisão.
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- 2021
238. Correlation between clinical tests and electroneuromyography for the diagnosis of leprosy neuropathy.
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DE PAULA LIMA, PEDRO OLAVO, BEZERRA CUNHA, FRANCISCO MARCOS, DE SÁGONÇALVES, HEITOR, PONTES AIRES, MARIA ARACI, DE ALMEIDA, ROSA LÍVIA FREITAS, and SANSIGOLO KERR, LIGIA REGINA FRANCO
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- 2016
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239. Padrão da distribuição espacial e a estrutura de rede social dos casos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos em Sobral, Ceará
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Linhares, Maria Socorro Carneiro, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Carl Kendall, Bernard
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Mycobacterium leprae ,Hanseníase ,Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa ,Análise Espacial ,Análise de Rede Social ,Epidemiologia - Abstract
eprosy, a disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium leprae, is still resistant to strategies for its elimination as a public health problem in the world. Studies with spatial analysis techniques and social networks have been used to increase knowledge and understanding of the dynamics of disease transmission in hyperendemic areas. The general objective of this study was to analyze the pattern of spatial distribution and the social network structure of leprosy cases in children under 15 years old in Sobral - Ceará, from 2014 to 2015. This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study, with use of spatial analysis and Social Network Analysis (SNA) techniques, conducted in Sobral, a municipality in the state of Ceará. The research population consisted of people under 15 years of age with leprosy (index cases), identified in public health services based on spontaneous demand or by active search in households in areas of hyperendemicity, and also in the screening of leprosy cases in public schools in the municipality and their household contacts (HC) and non-household contacts (NHC). For data collection, in addition to a questionnaire applied to the participants, clinical examination of the skin, skin smear and biopsy of the lesion were performed for positive cases. A rapid test for the detection of specific antibodies against M. leprae was requested for all respondents. Nine new cases of leprosy in children under 15 years of age diagnosed between August 2014 and September 2015 and a total of 151 contacts were studied, of which 36 were HC and 115 NHC. Each index case had 10 to 29 contacts, including HC and NHC. Next, each HC reported having regular contact with six to thirty people and each NHC reported having regular contact with six to 23 people. The contacts named by the HC and NHC formed the indirect contacts (IC) of the index cases and were not interviewed. In the spatial analysis, it was found that the index cases and their non-household contacts were concentrated in poor and hyperendemic areas of the municipality. The spatial analysis also revealed a grouping of subclinical infection in a radius of 102 meters, suggesting that transmission home is not related to proximity to seropositive individuals. At SNA, index cases and their contacts generated a network of 664 people with 1,497 connections between them, including indirect contacts. The index cases and their social contacts constitute nine subnetworks, with people strongly connected to each other and with precarious socioeconomic conditions. Index cases, household and social contacts with reports of leprosy and/or subclinical infection caused by M. leprae, stood out in the social network due to the high values of centrality of degree and intermediation they presented. The study showed that leprosy is present in both household and non-household contacts and that they live in sub- networks with characteristics of a “small world” network, with low socioeconomic status and little education. The investigation of contacts must extend beyond the home, based on the case's social networks. A hanseníase, doença causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae, permanece ainda, resistente às estratégias para sua eliminação como um problema de saúde pública no mundo. Estudos com técnicas de análise espacial e de redes sociais vêm sendo utilizados para ampliar o conhecimento e a compreensão da dinâmica da transmissão da doença em áreas hiperendêmicas. O objetivo geral deste estudo foi analisar o padrão da distribuição espacial e a estrutura de rede social dos casos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos em Sobral - Ceará, no período de 2014 a 2015. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e transversal, com emprego de técnicas de análise espacial e Análise de Rede Social (ARS), conduzida em Sobral, município do estado do Ceará. A população da pesquisa foi composta de menores de 15 anos com hanseníase (casos índice), identificados nos serviços públicos de saúde a partir de demanda espontânea ou por busca ativa nos domicílios de áreas de hiperendemicidade e, ainda, na triagem de casos de hanseníase em escolas públicas do município e dos seus contatos domiciliares (CD) e contatos não domiciliares (CND). Para a coleta de dados, além de um questionário aplicado aos participantes, fez-se exame clínico da pele, esfregaço cutâneo e biópsia da lesão para os casos positivos. Foi solicitado um teste rápido para a detecção de anticorpos específicos contra o M. leprae para todos os entrevistados. Foram estudados nove casos novos de hanseníase em menores de 15 anos diagnosticados entre agosto de 2014 e setembro de 2015 e um total de 151 contatos, dos quais 36 eram CD e 115 CND. Cada caso índice apresentou 10 a 29 contatos, incluindo CD e CND. Na sequência, cada CD relatou ter contato regular com seis a trinta pessoas e cada CND relatou ter contato regular com seis a 23 pessoas. Os contatos nomeados pelos CD e CND, formaram os contatos indiretos (CI) dos casos índice e não foram entrevistados. Na análise espacial, constatou-se que os casos índice e seus contatos não domiciliares concentraram-se em áreas pobres e hiperendêmicas do município. A análise espacial, revelou, ainda, um agrupamento de infecção subclínica em um raio de 102 metros, sugerindo que a transmissão não domiciliar está relacionada à proximidade com indivíduos soropositivos. Na ARS, os casos índice e seus contatos geraram uma rede de 664 pessoas com 1.497 ligações entre eles, incluindo os contatos indiretos. Os casos índice e seus contatos sociais constituem nove sub-redes, com pessoas fortemente conectadas entre si e com condições socioeconômicas precárias. Casos índice, contatos domiciliares e sociais com relato de hanseníase e/ ou com a infecção subclínica causada pelo M. leprae, destacaram-se na rede social pelos altos valores da centralidade de grau e de intermediação que apresentaram. O estudo mostrou que a hanseníase está presente tanto nos contatos domiciliares como nos contatos não domiciliares e que estes vivem em sub-redes com características de rede de “mundo pequeno”, com baixa condição socioeconômica e pouca escolaridade. A investigação dos contatos deve se estender para além do domicílio, pautando-se nas redes sociais do caso.
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- 2021
240. Decisão de engravidar no contexto da ZIKA: uma abordagem qualitativa
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Santos, Mayara Paz Albino dos, Kendall, Bernard Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
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Planejamento Familiar ,Gravidez ,Saúde Reprodutiva ,Zika Vírus - Abstract
The Zika epidemic in the 2015-2016 period was a public emergency with personal, social, economic and political repercussions that strongly affected maternal and child health in Brazil. This led to recommendations by health authorities to postpone pregnancy and a general decrease in the birth rate in the country. Currently, the disease is no longer an emergency, but its effects continue to be felt and Zika remains an important public health issue. The aim of the present study is to understand the decision to get pregnant by women in the context of a Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the light of the recommendations of health authorities. The research was developed in a qualitative approach. 51 face-to-face interviews were carried out with women of childbearing age in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, using an open semi-structured research guide based on the methodology Rapid Ethnographic Assessment (REA). The guide contained topics based on initial pilot interviews and a review of the scientific literature. The sampling was intentional and attempted to include a diversity of women from different social classes, ages and reproductive stages. The average profile of the sample was women aged 20 to 29 years, with complete high school, mixed race, married, with children and with some type of paid activity. The results demonstrate the multidimensional character of decision-making to become pregnant and, in contradiction to the broader national demographic evidence, the Zika epidemic did not affect the intention to become pregnant, knowledge, the use of contraceptives or other methods of family planning. It was also identified, inconsistent use of family planning methods and ambivalence in relation to the use of contraceptives, suggesting a complex socio-cultural panorama where these women are inserted. Despite recommendations from health authorities to provide health professionals with advice on the risks of pregnancy during the Zika epidemic, this action was never implemented by the state. The declarative one-dimensional recommendation to avoid pregnancy appears to be insufficient to address this complex decision. The inadequacy of the health system's response to prevention highlights the need for careful development of integrated and comprehensive interventions, in addition to thorough planning in the implementation of health policies and actions not only for Zika, but also for other possible epidemics. A epidemia de Zikano período 2015-2016 foi uma emergência pública com repercussões pessoais, sociais, econômicas e políticas que afetou fortemente a saúde materno-infantil no Brasil. Isso levou a recomendações das autoridades em saúde para adiar a gravidez e uma diminuição geral na taxa de natalidade no país. Atualmente a doença não é mais uma emergência, mas seus efeitos continuam sendo sentidos e a zika permanece como uma importante questão de saúde pública. O objetivo do presente estudo é compreender a decisão de engravidar das mulheres em contexto de epidemia Zika vírus (ZIKV) frente às recomendações das autoridades de saúde. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida com uma abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizadas 51 entrevistas face a face com mulheres em idade fértil na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, utilizando um guia de pesquisa semiestruturado aberto e baseado na metodologia Avaliação Etnográfica Rápida (REA). O guia continha tópicos embasados em entrevistas-piloto iniciais e uma revisão da literatura científica. A amostragem foi intencional e tentou incluir uma diversidade de mulheres de classes sociais, idades e estágio reprodutivo diferentes. Participaram do estudo mulheres com faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, com ensino médio completo, cor parda, casadas, com filhos e com algum tipo de atividade remunerada. Os resultados demonstram o caráter multidimensional da tomada de decisão para engravidar e, em contradição com as evidências demográficas nacionais mais amplas, a epidemia de Zika não afetou a intenção de engravidar, o conhecimento, o uso de anticoncepcionais ou outros métodos de planejamento familiar. Também foi identificado, uso inconsistente de métodos de planejamento familiar e a ambivalência em relação ao uso de anticoncepcionais, sugerindo um panorama sociocultural complexo no qual essas mulheres estão inseridas. Apesar das recomendações das autoridades em saúde para que houvesse aconselhamento sobre os riscos da gravidez durante a epidemia de Zika pelos profissionais de saúde, essa ação nunca foi operacionalizada por parte do estado. Assim, a recomendação unidimensional declarativa para evitar a gravidez parece ser insuficiente para abordar essa decisão complexa. A inadequação da resposta do sistema de saúde à prevenção destaca a necessidade de um desenvolvimento cuidadoso de intervenções integradas e abrangentes, além de um planejamento minucioso na implementação de políticas e ações em saúde não apenas para Zika, mas também para outras possíveis epidemias.
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- 2021
241. Saúde reprodutiva e comportamentos sexuais de mulheres presas no Brasil
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Araújo, Priscila França de and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
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Prisioneiros ,Mulheres ,Saúde Reprodutiva - Abstract
Brazil has the third largest prison population in the world. In 2016, the female prison population reached a total of 42,000, representing an increase of 656% compared to that recorded in the early 2000s. The objective was to analyze the sexual and reproductive characteristics of women prisoners in Brazil; Draw the sociodemographic and prison profile of women incarcerated in Brazil; Characterize the sexual and reproductive health of women incarcerated in Brazil; Compare the sexual and reproductive characteristics of women incarcerated with the general female population in Brazil. Cross-sectional study, carried out from a section of two national health surveys, one in the female prison population and female prison staff conducted in eight Brazilian states and the Federal District (DF) between 2014 and 2015, in 15 female prison units located in the five regions of Brazil and the second survey was the Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (PCAP) in the year 2013. The sample consisted of 1327 women in closed or semi-open regime and 5.543 women from the general population. The collection of the prison was carried out by the Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing and the PCAP was through a questionnaire self-filled by tablets. Data analysis was performed using STATA version 15 where the Odds Ratio (OR) and respective confidence intervals (95% CI) with a p value
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- 2021
242. Fatores associados à insegurança alimentar domiciliar em uma coorte de mulheres residentes em áreas vulneráveis a arboviroses de Fortaleza-CE
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Aguiar, Italo Wesley Oliveira de, Kendall, Bernard Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
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Saúde da Mulher ,Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional ,Infecções por Arbovírus ,Estudos Longitudinais ,Epidemiologia - Abstract
Food insecurity refers to the lack of consistent access to food, where there is a decrease in the quality of the diet and interruption of normal eating patterns, which can result in negative consequences for nutrition, health and well-being. This study aims to estimate the magnitude and risk factors for household food insecurity in a cohort of women living in an area at high risk for arbovirus infections. Data analysis were conducted from a prospective cohort study carried out in areas at high risk for arboviruses in Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, between 2018 and 2019 with women aged 15 to 39 years (ZIF Cohort). Home food insecurity was measured using a psychometric scale. A longitudinal multivariate random intercept Poisson regression was used to verify the association between food insecurity and demographic, socioeconomic, lifestyle and health-related aspects. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were estimated. The situation of household food insecurity showed an increasing trend. Of the households that made up the cohort, 47.4% were in food insecurity in the second wave of the cohort. After adjustment, food insecurity was significantly associated with infection by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) (RR = 1.15); use of illicit drugs (RR = 1.24); smoking (RR = 1.23); two or more persons employed at home (RR = 0.68); a person employed at home (RR = 0.77); being in the low economic class (RR = 1.97); being in the middle economic class (RR = 1.43); and be in the 30 to 39 age group (RR = 1.33). Programs and public policies must be implemented with a view to guaranteeing food and nutritional security and promoting health in this population. The relationship between household food insecurity and CHIKV infection deserves further investigation. Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico A insegurança alimentar refere-se à falta de acesso consistente aos alimentos, onde ocorre diminuição da qualidade da dieta alimentar e interrupção dos padrões alimentares normais, o que pode resultar em consequências negativas para a nutrição, saúde e bem-estar.Este trabalho objetiva estimar a magnitude e os fatores de risco para insegurança alimentar domiciliar em uma coorte de mulheres residentes em uma área de alta vulnerabilidade para infecções por arboviroses. Para tanto foi realizada uma análise de dados de um estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em áreas de alta vulnerabilidade para arboviroses em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, entre 2018 e 2019 com mulheres de 15 a 39 anos de idade (Coorte ZIF). A insegurança alimentar domiciliar foi mensurada por meio de escala psicométrica. Foi utilizada uma regressão de Poisson multivariada longitudinal intercepto-aleatória para verificar a associação entre aspectos demográficos, socioeconômicos, de estilo de vida e relacionados à saúde e a situação de insegurança alimentar domiciliar. Foram estimados risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC95%). A situação de insegurança alimentar domiciliar apresentou uma tendência crescente. Dos domicílios que compuseram a coorte, 47.4% estavam em insegurança alimentar na segunda onda da coorte. Após ajuste, a insegurança alimentar estava associada significativamente com infecção por vírus Chikungunya (CHIKV) (RR=1.15); uso de drogas ilícitas (RR=1.24); tabagismo (RR=1.23); duas ou mais pessoas empregadas no domicílio (RR=0.68); uma pessoa empregada no domicílio (RR=0.77); estar na classe econômica baixa (RR= 1.97); estar na classe econômica média (RR= 1.43); e estar na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (RR= 1.33). Programas e políticas públicas devem ser implementadas visando a garantia da segurança alimentar e nutricional e a promoção da saúde nessa população. A relação entre insegurança alimentar domiciliar e infecção por CHIKV merece futuras investigações.
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- 2021
243. Sífilis em mulheres no sistema prisional brasileiro
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Santana, Rosane da Silva, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and McFarland, Willi
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Mulheres ,Prisões ,Sífilis ,Prevalência - Abstract
Introduction: Acquired syphilis is among the STIs that has shown high prevalence and incidence in Brazil. There are several factors that have contributed to the increase in these rates, among which can be related to incarceration, multiple or anonymous sexual partners, lack of knowledge about the transmission of the disease, non-use of condoms, difficulties in diagnosis and poor assistance the health. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of acquired syphilis in women incarcerated in Brazil and to know the factors associated with testing for syphilis in this population. Method: Cross-sectional study based on a sample of 1,237 women from the prison system. It was carried out in the five Brazilian regions and involved the following states: Rondônia, Pará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná and the Federal District. The data were collected through a standardized questionnaire using ACASI technology and rapid tests for syphilis. The analysis was made by weighting the results to reflect the target population according to the complex sample design and the recruitment results, basing the weights on the inverse of the product of the probabilities of the sampling units in each of the project phases. Association analysis was used in contingency tables, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to determine the odds ratio with p ≤0.05 and a 95% confidence interval. Results: The prevalence of syphilis in women incarcerated in Brazil was 11.6%, with a statistically significant association in black / Afro-Brazilian women (AOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.10-2.87), homeless people before incarceration (AOR 4.58, 95% CI 2.78-7.56), who had a history of spontaneous abortion (AOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.02-2.38) and those who suffered sexual violence (AOR 1.59, 95% CI 1.01-2.49). The only protective factor was related to receiving condoms at school followed by sexual orientation (AOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.08-1.00). As for the factors associated with testing for syphilis in life, significant associations were found for testing for syphilis occurred in women with complete elementary school (AOR 1.75, 95% CI 1.28–11 2.40), complete high school or higher (AOR 2.04, 95% CI 1.36-3.06), income below a minimum wage (AOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.94), homeless (AOR 1 , 83, 95% CI 1.21 - 13 2.76), who heard about the female condom (AOR 1.92, 95% CI 1.25- 2.95), and received the condom in prison (AOR 1, 56, 95% CI 1.11-2.21) or in public health services (AOR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13 - 1.98), with a history of pregnancy (AOR 2.55, 95% CI 1.67 - 3.89), who underwent gynecological exams (AOR 1.73, 95% CI 1.05 - 2.83), and who realized they had a chance (AOR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17 -2.20) or high chance (AOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.31-2.73) of having probably been infected with HIV before entering prison. Conclusion: The level of syphilis testing in women incarcerated in Brazil is far below the desired coverage and the disparities in access to syphilis testing by key factors are related to sociodemographic data, incarceration histories, risky and preventive sexual behaviors and access to health services. It is emphasized that greater efforts are needed to implement policies aimed at the care of the incarcerated population, as well as the discovery of new approaches to achieve and improve the sexual health of vulnerable women in Brasil. Introdução: A sífilis adquirida está entre as IST que tem apresentado elevada prevalência e incidência no Brasil. Vários são os fatores que têm contribuído para o aumento dessas taxas, dentre elas pode-se relacionar o encarceramento, parceiros sexuais múltiplos ou anônimos, a falta de conhecimento sobre a transmissão da doença, o não uso de preservativos, dificuldades no diagnóstico e precária assistência à saúde. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da sífilis adquirida em mulheres encarceradas no Brasil e conhecer os fatores associados à testagem da sífilis nessa população. Método: Estudo transversal com base em uma amostra de 1.237 mulheres do sistema prisional. Foi realizado nas cinco regiões brasileiras e envolveu os seguintes estados: Rondônia, Pará, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Distrito Federal. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário padronizado utilizando a tecnologia ACASI e realização de testes rápidos para sífilis. A análise foi feita ponderando os resultados para refletir a população-alvo de acordo com o desenho amostral complexo e os resultados de recrutamento, baseando os pesos no inverso do produto das probabilidades das unidades de amostragem em cada uma das fases do projeto. Foi utilizada análise de associação em tabelas de contingencia, regressão logística bivariada e multivariada para determinar a razão de chance com p ≤0,05 e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A prevalência de sífilis nas mulheres encarceradas no Brasil foi de 11,6%, com associação estatisticamente significativa em negras/afro-brasileiras (AOR 1,78, IC 95% 1,10-2,87), moradoras de rua antes do encarceramento (AOR 4,58, IC 95% 2,78-7,56), que tinham história de abortamento espontâneo (AOR 1,56 , IC95% 1,02-2,38) e aquelas que sofreram violência sexual (AOR 1,59, IC95% 1,01-2,49). O único fator protetor estava relacionado ao recebimento de preservativo na escola seguido de orientação sexual (AOR 0,28, IC 95% 0,08-1,00). Quanto aos fatores associados à testagem de sífilis na vida, evidenciou-se associações significativas para a testagem da sífilis ocorreram em mulheres com ensino fundamental completo (AOR 1,75, IC 95% 1,28–11 2,40), ensino médio completo ou superior (AOR 2,04, IC 95% 1,36-3,06), renda abaixo de um salário mínimo (AOR 1,46, IC 95% 1,10-1,94), moradoras de rua (AOR 1,83, IC 95% 1,21 - 13 2,76), que ouviram falar do preservativo feminino (AOR 1,92, IC 95% 1,25- 2,95), e receberam o preservativo na prisão (AOR 1,56, IC 95% 1,11-2,21) ou em serviços públicos de saúde (AOR 1,50, IC 95% 1,13 - 1,98), com histórico de gravidez (AOR 2,55, IC 95% 1,67 - 3,89), que realizaram exames ginecológicos (AOR 1,73, IC 95% 1,05 - 2,83), e que perceberam que tinham alguma chance (AOR 1,61, IC 95% 1,17-2,20) ou grande chance (AOR 1,89, IC 95% 1,31-2,73) de ter sido provavelmente infectadas com HIV antes de entrar na prisão. Conclusão: O nível de testagem de sífilis nas mulheres encarceradas no Brasil está muito aquém da cobertura desejada e as disparidades no acesso ao teste de sífilis por fatores-chave estão relacionadas aos dados sociodemográficos, aos históricos de encarceramento, aos comportamentos sexuais de risco e preventivos e ao acesso aos serviços de saúde. Ressalta-se que é necessário maior esforço para implementar políticas voltadas ao cuidado da população encarcerada, bem como a descoberta de novas abordagens para alcançar e melhorar a saúde sexual de mulheres vulneráveis no Brasil.
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- 2020
244. Epidemiologia do HIV/AIDS em população adulta do Chile, no período de 2000 a 2017
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Sanzana, Carlos Erasmo Sanhueza, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Kendall, Bernard Carl
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Mortalidade ,HIV ,Tuberculose ,Chile ,Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida - Abstract
Introduction: HIV/Aids infection is an epidemic of importance to global public health, that has claimed millions of lives. It is estimated that 38 million People lives with HIV/Aids (PLWHA) in the world, TB-HIV coinfection it remains the to be the main cause of death in PLWHA, especially in developing countries. Objetive: Describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HIV/Aids infection in the adult Chilean population between 2000 to 2017 period. Method: This is an a multi-method retrospective observational study; analyzing the prevalence of new HIV/Aids infections in the adult population over 15 years of age, based on the Records of Compulsory Notification Disease (ENO) of 26,143 reported cases. It was applied Fisher's exact and Pearson´s chi-square test for variables associated with the prevalence of HIV/Aids. In addition, a survival study of 17,512 people admitted to antiretroviral therapy in the public health system was carried out. Non-parametric Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models were performed for associated variables with mortality from TB-HIV coinfection. Results: It was observed an increase of new HIV/Aids infections in young population (15 to 29 years old). We found an increase of the prevalence of HIV in men who have sex with men (MSM) population, and a reduction in the male-female ratio from 7.2 to 5.2. We found an increase of 200% of new HIV infections of indigenous peoples, between Aymara and Mapuche ethnic groups. The regions with the highest prevalence rates were founded in Arica and Parinacota with 22.4/100,000 hab. Valparaíso 6.7 and Metropolitana 6.9. It was observed that 11% of people died, incidence density 0.05 per 39,283 person-years. The following variables characterized a risk factor for death: TB-HIV coinfection (HR 1.4; CI95%: 1.2-1.7), CD4+ liphocytes10,000cop/uL (HR 1.3; CI95%: 1.2-3.0). Secondary school or higher education was a protective factor for deaths from TB-HIV coinfection (HR 0.76; CI95%: 0,6-0.9). Conclusion: The HIV/Aids epidemic in Chile is experiencing a scenario of feminization of HIV, the mortality was concentrated in TB-HIV coinfected people. Additionally, indigenous peoples, such as the Aymara and Mapuche emerge as vulnerable populations to the epidemic. We suggest improvements in combined prevention, access to community-based strategies, sex education in schools and structural interventions in the field of public policy issues. Organização dos Estados Americanos(OEA) e Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq) Introdução: A infecção por HIV/Aids é uma epidemia de importância para a saúde pública global, que tem levado milhões de vidas. Estima-se que 38 milhões de pessoas vivem com HIV/Aids (PVHA). A coinfecção TB-HIV continua a ser a principal causa de óbito entre PVHA, especialmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: Descrever as características epidemiológicas e clínicas da infecção por HIV/Aids na população adulta do Chile entre o período de 2000 a 2017. Método: Trata-se de um estudo multimétodo, de tipo observacional retrospectivo, analisando a prevalência das novas infecções por HIV/Aids na população adulta acima de 15 anos, a partir dos Registros de Doenças de Notificação Compulsória (ENO) de 26.143 casos relatados. Teste exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado de Pearson foram aplicados para variáveis associadas à prevalência de HIV/Aids. Além disso, foi feito um estudo de sobrevivência de 17.512 pessoas que iniciaram TARV no sistema público de saúde. Foram aplicados modelo não paramétrico de Kaplan Meier e modelo de regressão de Cox para as variáveis associadas à mortalidade por coinfecção por TB-HIV. Resultados: Observou-se um aumento de novas infecções por HIV/Aids na população jovem (15 a 29 anos). Houve um aumento da prevalência de HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH), uma redução da relação homem-mulher de 7,2 para 5,2 no período 2012-2017. Encontramos um aumento de novas infecções por HIV em povos indígenas de 200%, entre grupos étnicos Aymara e Mapuches. As regiões com maiores prevalências, por 100.000 hab., foram Arica e Parinacota com 22,4, Valparaíso com 6,7, e Metropolitana com 6,9. Observou-se que 11% das pessoas foram a óbito, uma densidade de incidência de 0,05 por 39.283 pessoas-ano. As seguintes variáveis caracterizaram fator de risco para óbito: coinfecção TB-HIV (HR 1,4; IC95%: 1,2-1,7), linfócitos T CD4+ 10.000 cop/uL (HR 1,3; IC 95%: 1,2-1,6). Escolaridade de nível médio ou superior foi fator protetor (HR 0,76; IC95%: 0,6–0,9). Conclussão: A epidemia de HIV/Aids no Chile passa por um cenário de feminização do HIV. A mortalidade concentrou-se em pessoas coinfectadas por TB-HIV. Os povos indígenas como os Aymaras e Mapuches emergem como populações vulneráveis à epidemia. Sugerimos desenvolver melhorias na prevenção combinada, acesso a estratégias comunitárias, educação sexual nas escolas e intervenções estruturais em questões de política de Saúde Pública.
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- 2020
245. Quality of life assessment among haemodialysis patients in a single centre: a 2-year follow-up.
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Santos, Paulo R., Daher, Elizabeth F., Silva Jr., Geraldo B., Libório, Alexandre B., and Kerr, Ligia R.
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HEMODIALYSIS patients , *QUALITY of life , *COMORBIDITY , *CHRONIC kidney failure , *PATIENTS - Abstract
Prospective studies of the effects of long-standing haemodialysis (HD) on quality of life (QOL) show conflicting results. We investigated how QOL progresses over time in HD patients and what factors are associated with this evolution. We included chronic HD patients over the age of 18 from a single unit, who had never had transplants and survived the first 3 months of treatment. Ninety-two patients were followed for 2 years, and the SF-36 questionnaire was administered at baseline and every 12 months. Comorbidity was assessed at baseline using the Khan index. We used repeated-measures analysis of variance to establish changes in QOL and stepwise linear regression to identify continuous variables that could explain variations of SF-36 sub-scales. Then, according to the rate of change of QOL, we stratified the sample to identify the association between categorical variables and the evolution of QOL. There was a higher (better) final score related to social functioning (63.8 vs. 75.0; P < 0.01), role-emotional (39.7 vs. 63.1; P < 0.01) and mental health (63.1 vs. 69.0; P < 0.01) in the all-sample analysis, and in two other domains in low-comorbidity patients: physical functioning (56.7 vs. 63.5; P = 0.01) and bodily pain (56.7 vs. 66.5; P < 0.01). Creatinine ( r = 0.09; P = 0.04) and age ( r = −0.03; P = 0.02) were correlated with the evolution of general health and bodily pain, respectively. There were more women who presented deteriorated physical function than men (50.0 vs. 21.2%; P < 0.01). There was improvement of QOL mental domains over time. However, the physical aspects improved only in low-comorbidity patients. More women than men worsened regarding physical functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2009
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246. Hipertensão arterial em mulheres presas e agentes penitenciárias brasileiras
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Silva, Ana Zaira da, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Ferreira, Marcelo José Monteiro
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Mulheres ,Prisões ,Saúde do Trabalhador ,Hipertensão - Abstract
Prisons have characteristics capable of promoting the development of arterial hypertension among female prisoners (FP) and correctional officers, constituting a health concern for these groups. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in correctional officers and to compare the prevalence and characteristics of FP and the general population with hypertension in Brazil. Cross-sectional study, carried out from two national surveys. The first, home-based, was carried out in 2013, in the 26 states and the Federal District, based on a questionnaire applied by trained interviewers. The second survey took place in 15 female prisons, between January 2014 and December 2015. The population consisted of 1327 FP and 295 correctional officers. Data collection was performed through a self-administered questionnaire using Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (ACASI). Physical examination of the participants was carried out, consisting of checking blood pressure, measuring height, weight and waist and hip circumferences. The data were analyzed using SPSS® version 20.0 and Stata® v. 15.0, Odds Ratio and confidence intervals were estimated for the independent factors. The bivariate analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square test, and for the multivariate analysis, the logistic regression model was used. One-off estimates and the Prevalence Ratio (PR) were calculated for the FP and the general population, through Poisson regression. The prevalence of hypertension in correctional officers was 37.9%, (95%CI: 32.1-44.0), being associated with obesity (95%CI = 1.884-9.947), cardiovascular disease (95%CI : 3,348-16,724) and participation in the specific training course for the position (95%CI: 1,413-9,564). Among FM, the prevalence of hypertension was 31.3% (95% CI: 28.6 - 34.0) and 38.9% (95%CI: 37.8 - 39.9) in the general population. Less schooling (49.0%; 95% CI: 1.213 - 1.524), studying (29.5%; 95%CI: 2.705 - 4.777), being single (52.9%; 95%CI: 1.500 - 1.895), use legal drugs (70.1%; 95%CI: 1.408 - 1.677), previous pregnancy (91.1%; 95%CI: 1.177 - 1.127), no use of contraceptives (75.4%; 95%CI: 1.543 - 1.816) and being obese (44.0%; 95%CI: 1.147 - 1.477), were the most prevalent characteristics among hypertensive FP. Both correctional officers and FP had high prevalence of hypertension, identifying factors intrinsic to the prison environment associated with this fact. It is urgent and necessary to develop policies and programs that promote better coping with the mental and physical health problems of both correctional officers and FP. As prisões possuem características capazes de propiciar o desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial entre as mulheres presas (MP) e as agentes penitenciárias, constituindo-se um agravo preocupante à saúde desses grupos. Objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e os fatores associados à hipertensão em agentes penitenciárias e, comparar a prevalência e características de MP e da população geral com hipertensão no Brasil. Estudo transversal, realizado a partir de dois inquéritos nacionais. O primeiro, de base domiciliar foi realizado em 2013, nos 26 estados e Distrito Federal, a partir de questionário aplicado por entrevistadores treinados. O segundo inquérito ocorreu em 15 unidades prisionais femininas, entre janeiro de 2014 a dezembro de 2015. A população foi composta por 1327 MP e 295 agentes penitenciárias. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de questionário autoaplicado a partir de Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing (ACASI). Realizou-se o exame físico das participantes, consistindo na verificação da pressão arterial, medida da altura, peso e circunferências da cintura e quadril. Os dados foram analisados utilizando o softwear SPSS® versão 20.0 e Stata® v. 15.0, o Odds Ratio e intervalos de confiança foram estimados para os fatores independentes. A análise bivariada foi realizada através do teste de qui-quadrado de Pearson, e para a análise multivariada utilizou-se o modelo de regressão logística. Estimativas pontuais e a Razão de Prevalência (RP) foram calculados para as MP e da população geral, através da regressão de Poisson. A prevalência de hipertensão nas agentes penitenciárias foi de 37,9%, (95%IC: 32,1-44,0), apresentando-se associada à obesidade (IC 95% = 1,884-9,947), doença cardiovascular (95%IC: 3,348-16,724) e participação no curso de treinamento específico para o cargo (95%IC: 1,413-9,564). Entre as MP, a prevalência de hipertensão foi de 31,3% (95%IC: 28,6 – 34,0) e, 38,9% (95%IC: 37,8 – 39,9) na população geral. Menor escolaridade (49,0%; 95%IC: 1,213 - 1,524), estar estudando (29,5%; 95%IC: 2,705 – 4,177), ser solteira (52,9%; 95%IC: 1,500 – 1,895), fazer uso de droga lícita (70,1%; 95%IC: 1,408 – 1,667), gravidez prévia (91,1%; 95%IC: 1,177 – 1,127), não uso de contraceptivo (75,4%; 95%IC: 1,543 – 1,816) e ser obesa (44,0%; 95%IC: 1,147 – 1,497), foram características mais prevalentes entre as MP hipertensas. Tanto as agentes penitenciárias quanto as MP apresentaram prevalências de hipertensão altas, identificando-se fatores intrínsecos ao ambiente das prisões associados a este fato. É urgente e necessário desenvolver políticas e programas que promovam um melhor enfrentamento dos problemas de saúde mental e física tanto das agentes penitenciárias quanto das MP.
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- 2020
247. Tuberculose na população feminina brasileira privada de liberdade
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Lima Neto, João Pereira de, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Pinheiro Júnior, Francisco Marto Leal
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Mulheres ,Prisões ,Saúde da Mulher ,Tuberculose ,Populações Vulneráveis - Abstract
An estimated 10 million people fell ill with tuberculosis (TB) and that the disease caused 1.3 million deaths worldwide in 2017, among the top 10 causes of death on the planet. In Brazil, in 2018, 72,788 new cases of TB were diagnosed, which corresponds to an incidence coefficient of 34.8 cases/100,000 inhabitants. 714,000 women are held in criminal institutions. This reflects the increase in the levels of the female prison population compared to the levels of the prison population since 2000, with the number of women in prison increasing by more than 50%. According to INFOPEN women of 2016, the Brazilian female prison population reached the mark of 42,000 women deprived of liberty and an increase of 656% compared to the total recorded in 2000. Brazil is ranked fourth in the Ranking of nations with the largest female prison population in the world. This article aims to analyze epidemiological characteristics of the tuberculosis scenario in Brazilian female prisons. This is a descriptive analytical study with secondary data of women aged 18 years or older age reported with tuberculosis in the Notification Diseases Information System (SINAN) between 2013 and 2015. It was observed that 32% (95%CI: 29.5 - 34.5) of the prison population is in the age group under 30 years, its highest proportion is black 16.2% (95%CI: 14.2 - 18.3), low level of education 32.7% (95% CI: 29.8 - 35.7), higher proportion of treatment abandonment 9.4% (95%CI: 8.0 - 11.1), the most common form is pulmonary 86.9% (95%CI: 85.0 - 88.6), directly observed treatment (DOT) is more frequent in prey, 58.5% (95% CI: 55.6 - 61.3), higher prevalence of AIDS 7.2% (95%CI: 15.2 - 19.6). Women arrested as opposed to what was thought, when it comes to primary care care, within the prison, are better assisted. With regard to the most complex assistance services, which need to leave in the prison unit, inmates have more difficulties in relation to women not arrested. Estima-se que 10 milhões de pessoas adoeceram por tuberculose (TB) e que a doença tenha causado 1,3 milhão de mortes no mundo, em 2017, estando entre as 10 principais causas de morte no planeta. No Brasil, em 2018, foram diagnosticados 72.788 casos novos de TB, o que corresponde a um coeficiente de incidência de 34,8 casos/100 mil habitantes. 714.000 mulheres são mantidas em instituições penais. Isso reflete o aumento nos níveis da população prisional feminina se comparada com os níveis da população prisional desde o ano 2000, com o número de mulheres na prisão aumentando em mais de 50%. De acordo com INFOPEN mulheres de 2016, a população prisional feminina brasileira atingiu a marca de 42 mil mulheres privadas de liberdade e um aumento de 656% em relação ao total registrado no ano 2000. O Brasil se encontra na quarta posição no Ranking de nações com maior população carcerária feminina em todo o mundo. Nosso objetivo foi analisar características epidemiológicas do cenário da tuberculose nos presídios femininos brasileiros. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo analítico com dados secundários de mulheres com 18 anos ou idade superior notificadas com tuberculose no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) entre os anos de 2013 a 2015. Observou-se que 32% (95%IC: 29.5 - 34.5) da população prisional está na faixa etária menor que 30 anos, sua maior proporção é negra 16,2% (95%IC: 14.2 - 18.3), baixo nível de escolaridade 32,7% (95% IC: 29.8 - 35.7), maior proporção de abandono de tratamento 9,4% (95%IC: 8.0 - 11.1), a forma mais comum é pulmonar 86,9% (95%IC: 85.0 - 88.6), o tratamento diretamente observado (TDO) é mais frequente nas presas, 58,5% (95% IC: 55.6 – 61.3), maior prevalência de aids 7,2% (95%IC: 15.2 - 19.6). As mulheres presas ao contrário do que se pensava, quando se trata do atendimento no nível da atenção primária, dentro do presídio, estão mais bem assistidas. No que se refere aos serviços de assistência de maior complexidade, que precise sair na unidade prisional, as presas têm mais dificuldades em relação às mulheres não presas.
- Published
- 2019
248. Disparidades em saúde entre mulheres privadas de liberdade e da população geral no Brasil
- Author
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Pinheiro Júnior, Francisco Marto Leal, Kendall, Bernard Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
- Subjects
Prisioneiros ,Mulheres ,Prisões ,Brasil ,Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde - Abstract
Introduction: It is estimated that 41,000 women are imprisoned in Brazil. The experience of imprisonment has a strong potential to promote health inequities, both considered nationally and internationally. Thus, the prison population presents a greater burden of physical and mental disorders in relation to the population in general. The objective of this study was to characterize the health disparities between female prisoners and the general female population in Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on two national surveys from Brazil, one with a female population imprisoned at least six months in a closed or semi-open regime in 15 Brazilian states and the other with a general population of women, recruited in a household survey. Data were collected through a standardized questionnaire, laboratory testing and physical examination. To characterize the disparities, age-adjusted prevalence ratios and confidence intervals were calculated for identified transmissible diseases using Poisson regression. Results: The mean age was 33.4 years (95% CI 32.8 - 33.9). The prevalence of syphilis was 11.7% (95% CI = 9.9 - 13.8), IST (51.8%, 95% CI = 48.9 - 54.6) and Asthma (20.1% , 95% CI = 17.9 - 22.6), 55.8% are smokers (95% CI = 53.1 - 58.5), 72.3% (95% CI = 69.6-74.7 ) have used illicit drugs, 17.3% used alcohol (95% CI = 14.9 - 19.5), 92.1% (95% CI = 90.4 - 93.6) were sedentary and 92.1% (95% CI = 90.4 - 93.6) maintained an unhealthy diet. Asthma (PR = 3.35, 95% CI = 2.91-3.86) was the only morbidity that occurred more frequently among imprisoned women. The prisoners
- Published
- 2018
249. Factors associated with the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in the female penitentiary population of Brazil
- Author
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Silva, Paula Negrão da, Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo, and Macena, Raimunda Hermelinda Maia
- Subjects
Fatores de Risco ,Prisões ,Cardiopatias ,Hipertensão - Abstract
Introduction:Brazilhasthe third largestprisonpopulationin theworld, withapproximately726,712 people incarcerated in 2016. Previous studieshave shown thattheprevalenceofdiseases in theprison populationis higherthan inthe generalpopulation, especiallyinwomen. In the USA, a prevalence ofhypertension in the prison population is estimatedat30.2In theprison population in Brazil, especiallyin women, the prevalenceofhypertension is stillunknown beyond its associatedriskfactors. Objective:To estimate the prevalence ofSystemic ArterialHypertension and theriskfactorsassociatedwithits higherprevalencein women inprison in Brazil. Methodology:The presentanalysis used data fromthe National Health Surveyon the Female PenitentiaryPopulationandonPrisonServants.Thestudywascarriedoutin 9Brazilian states selected through theimportanceandsize ofthe population imprisoned bythe State. Women were investigated in 15 units with a capacityofmore than 75 preyand who hadtheirown health services.The surveyutilized computer-assisted self-interviewing(ACASI)technology. Information on sociodemographic characteristics, the prison system, and healthbehaviors and conditions,as wellasanestimateoftheprevalence ofSAH, weremeasured.Themagnitude ofthe independentassociation ofsociodemographic riskfactors, prison systemfactors, behaviorand health conditionswith the presence ofSAHwas estimated bymeans ofodds ratio and its respective 95%confidenceintervalusinglogistic regression. Weincluded inthe multivariate modeltheexplanatoryvariables thatremained associated with SAHin thebivariate analysis with a levelofsignificanceup to 5%. The explanatoryvariableswere inserted in the multivariate modelusingforward modelingand the results were considered statisticallysignificantforthe p-values 20 prey= 1.70,95%CI= 1.01-2.88). Thetime inseclusion,smoking, and alcoholconsumptiondid notremain associatedinthemultivariate analysis and were notincluded in the finalmodel. Conclusion:Women with ahistoryofincarceration have many riskfactors forSAH, such asolderage, beingblack, obeseand beyond the immobilityand stressgenerated byspecific factors ofincarceration, such as exposure to excess personsbycells, which increase theirprevalence. Prevention, diagnosis andtreatmentofhypertension in the incarcerated population are complex and improvingcardiovascularhealth requiresindividualbehavioralmodification as wellascorrective changesin thehealth system. Itisnecessarytoapplypreventive and curative means,ensuringtheinclusion of these women in the actions ofpromotion and health care advocated by SUS. Introdução: O Brasil apresenta a terceira maior população carcerária do mundo, com aproximadamente 726.712 pessoas encarceradas no ano de 2016. Estudos prévios evidenciam que a prevalência de doenças na população carcerária é maior que na população em geral, principalmente nas mulheres. Nos EUA estima-se uma prevalência de HAS na população carcerária de 30,2%. Já na população em cárcere do Brasil, principalmente nas mulheres, a prevalência de HAS ainda é desconhecida além dos seus fatores de risco à ela associados. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e os fatores de risco associados a sua maior prevalência em mulheres em cárcere no Brasil. Metodologia: A presente análise utilizou dados do Inquérito Nacional de Saúde na População Penitenciária Feminina e em Servidoras Prisionais. O estudo foi realizado em 9 Estados brasileiros selecionados através da importância e tamanho da população encarcerada por Estado. Foram investigadas mulheres em 15 unidades com capacidade superior a 75 presas e que possuíam serviços de saúde próprios. O inquérito utilizou a tecnologia de autoentrevista assistida por computador (Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interviewing - ACASI). Foram aferidas informações sobre características sociodemográficas, do sistema prisional, e comportamentos e condições de saúde, além da estimativa da prevalência de HAS. A magnitude da associação independente dos fatores de risco sociodemográficos, fatores do sistema prisional, comportamento e condições em saúde com a presença de HAS foi estimada por meio de “odds ratio” e seu respectivo intervalo de confiança de 95% utilizando de regressão logística. Foram incluídas no modelo multivariado as variáveis explicativas que permaneceram associadas à HAS na análise bivariada com nível de significância até 5%. As variáveis explicativas foram inseridas no modelo multivariado utilizando modelagem forward e os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos para os valores de p20 presas=1,70; IC95%= 1,01 – 2,88). O tempo que está em reclusão, tabagismo, e consumo de álcool não permaneceram associados na análise multivariada e não foram incluídos no modelo final. Conclusão: Mulheres com história de encarceramento têm muitos fatores de risco para HAS, como maior idade, ser negra, obesa e além da imobilidade e estresse gerados por fatores específicos de encarceramento, como a exposição ao excesso de pessoas por celas, que aumentam a sua prevalência. Prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento de HAS na população encarcerada são complexos e a melhoria da saúde cardiovascular requer individual modificação comportamental, bem como correcionais mudanças no sistema de saúde. Faz-se necessária a aplicação de meios preventivos e curativos, assegurando a inclusão dessas mulheres nas ações de promoção e atenção à saúde preconizada pelo SUS.
- Published
- 2017
250. Políticas institucionais de HIV/AIDS no Brasil: resultados de uma pesquisa qualitativa
- Author
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Costa, Camila de Castro Pereira da, Kendall, Bernard Carl, and Kerr, Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo
- Subjects
Homossexualidade Masculina ,HIV ,Avaliação em Saúde ,Sorodiagnóstico da AIDS ,Política de Saúde - Abstract
This research sought to understand HIV testing and policies and its institutional responses among msm in the city of Fortaleza - Ceará. Our objective was to analyze the complex of social and political reasons that may limit access to testing by men who have sex with men (MSM), key populations for the epidemic. Test and timely diagnosis of HIV in Brazil has presented itself as a challenge to the control of the epidemic, since approximately 33% of the population tested arrives at the health services due to the symptoms of some opportunistic infection and are diagnosed with of AIDS with low CD4 And high viral load. This study sought to understand how managers, health professionals, policies experts, and communities involved in responses to HIV/AIDS (men who have sex with men, representatives of nongovernmental organizations and people living with HIV) understand the reasons that interfere in the decision to test. To implement this study, we conducted a qualitative investigation using these methodologies: Rapid Anthropological Assessment (RAA), semistructured interviews and field research from the instruments of ethnography in 02 health services and 1 mobile unit that performs rapid test in the city of Fortaleza. Study population: 72 people. Location of the study: Fortaleza, where the Rapid Anthropological Assessment was carried out with the MSM population and semi-structured interviews with health managers and professionals, representatives of non-governmental organizations and people living with HIV/AIDS. We conducted the field research in Fortaleza, Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. The analysis of the materials and the information collected was performed through, narratives and field records. Results: the main incentives for conducting HIV diagnosis with effective results in key populations in Brazil have been the offer of the test performed through the contribution of non-governmental organizations. NGOs have collaborated so that the timely diagnosis is accessible to populations most affected by the epidemic (MSM, transvestites and transsexuals). The main limitations for access to the test are associated with AIDS policies, the decentralization of health services in Brazil, and the attitudes of health professionals - still imbricated to the cultural aspects that involve the stigma and prejudices that have historically shaped health services in Brazil related to AIDS, especially when associated with key populations. Other factors pointed out by managers and health professionals affirm that the rapid test is not integrated in the Family Health Strategy, which acces in the primary care services. The social history of Aids and the prioritization testing in many health units. In our results, we also found that key populations still find barriers to testing the Unified Health System (SUS) even after adopting the policy of combined prevention and treatment in Brazil. However, when the test is available (especially during campaigns), it is evident that the population wishes to know its diagnosis, however it finds barriers to do so systematically due to the difficulties of access to public health services. Our analyzes point to the importance of expanding access to testing through continuing education among health professionals and the dissemination of specific information about testing among the population and especially among key populations. Esta pesquisa buscou compreender a elaboração e execução da política de diagnóstico de infecção pelo HIV/Aids e suas respostas institucionais a partir de um estudo realizado no Brasil. O nosso objetivo foi analisar o complexo de razões sociais e políticas que podem limitar o acesso ao teste por Homens que fazem Sexo com Homens (HSH), os quais integram as populações-chave para a epidemia. O diagnóstico oportuno do HIV no Brasil tem se apresentado como um desafio para o controle da epidemia, pois cerca de 33% da população testada chega aos serviços de saúde devido aos sintomas de alguma doença oportunista e são diagnosticados já em situação de Aids com baixo CD4 e carga viral alta. Entre esses dados, encontram-se principalmente as populações-chave: HSH, travestis e transexuais. Esse estudo buscou compreender o modo como gestores, profissionais de saúde e as comunidades envolvidas nas respostas ao enfrentamento da Aids (homens que fazem sexo com homens, representantes de organizações não governamentais e pessoas vivendo com HIV) compreendem as razões que interferem na decisão de se testar, conhecer sua sorologia e, se necessário, iniciar a TARV. E, desse modo, contribuir para a redução da transmissão do vírus e promover uma melhor qualidade de vida para as populações que vivem com HIV/Aids. Para desenvolver esse estudo, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando três metodologias: a Avaliação Antropológica Rápida (AAR), entrevistas semiestruturadas e pesquisa de campo a partir dos instrumentos da etnografia em dois serviços de saúde e uma unidade móvel que realiza teste rápido na cidade de Fortaleza. População do estudo: 72 pessoas. Local do estudo: Fortaleza, Brasília, Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo. As análises dos materiais e as informações coletadas foram realizadas por meio da sistematização e interpretação das informações, narrativas e dos registros de campo. Resultados: os principais incentivos para a realização do diagnóstico do HIV com resultados junto às populações-chave no Brasil têm sido as ações de oferta do teste realizadas por meio da contribuição das organizações não governamentais. As ONGs têm colaborado para que o diagnóstico oportuno esteja acessível às populações mais afetadas pela epidemia (HSH, travestis e transexuais). As principais limitações associadas à busca pelo teste estão relacionadas à política de Aids, à descentralização dos serviços de saúde no Brasil e à formação dos profissionais de saúde ― ainda imbricadas aos aspectos culturais que envolvem o estigma e os preconceitos que historicamente configuraram os serviços de saúde em relação à Aids, especialmente quando associadas às populações-chave. Outros fatores apontados por gestores e profissionais de saúde também afirmam que o teste rápido não está integrado de forma qualificada à Estratégia Saúde da Família, o que dificulta a oferta e sua integração nos serviços de atenção primária. O histórico social da Aids perpassa a priorização ou não da realização do teste em muitas unidades de saúde. Em nossos resultados, constatamos também que as populações-chave ainda encontram barreiras para acessar os serviços que ofertam o diagnóstico do HIV no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), mesmo após adotada a política de prevenção combinada test and treatment no Brasil. No entanto, quando oportunizado o teste (principalmente em momentos de campanhas), evidencia-se que a população deseja conhecer seu diagnóstico, no entanto encontra barreiras para fazê-lo sistematicamente devido às dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde pública. Nossas análises apontam para a importância de ampliar a oferta do teste por meio da educação continuada junto aos profissionais de saúde e a disseminação de informações específicas sobre testagem junto à população geral e principalmente entre as populações-chave.
- Published
- 2016
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