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201. Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines over 13 Months Covering the Period of the Emergence of the Omicron Variant in the Swedish Population

Author

Xu, Yiyi, Li, Huiqi, Kirui, Brian, Santosa, Ailiana, Gisslen, Magnus, Leach, Susannah, Wettermark, Björn, Vanfleteren, Lowie E. G. W., Nyberg, Fredrik, Xu, Yiyi, Li, Huiqi, Kirui, Brian, Santosa, Ailiana, Gisslen, Magnus, Leach, Susannah, Wettermark, Björn, Vanfleteren, Lowie E. G. W., and Nyberg, Fredrik

Abstract

Background: We estimated real-world vaccine effectiveness (VE) against COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, ICU admission, and death up to 13 months after vaccination. VE before and after the emergence of Omicron was investigated. Methods: We used registered data from the entire Swedish population above age 12 (n = 9,153,456). Cox regression with time-varying exposure was used to estimate weekly/monthly VE against COVID-19 outcomes from 27 December 2020 to 31 January 2022. The analyses were stratified by age, sex, and vaccine type (BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, and AZD1222). Results: Two vaccine doses offered good long-lasting protection against infection before Omicron (VE were above 85% for all time intervals) but limited protection against Omicron infection (dropped to 43% by week four and no protection by week 14). For severe COVID-19 outcomes, higher VE was observed during the entire follow-up period. Among individuals above age 65, the mRNA vaccines showed better VE against infection than AZD1222 but similar high VE against hospitalization. Conclusions: Our findings provide strong evidence for long-term maintained protection against severe COVID-19 by the basic two-dose schedule, supporting more efforts to encourage unvaccinated persons to get the basic two doses, and encourage vaccinated persons to get a booster to ensure better population-level protection.

Published
2022
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202. Development and Validation of a Risk Score Screening Tool to Identify People at Risk for Hypertension in Shanghai, China

Author

Jiang,Qiyun, Gong,Dan, Li,Huiqi, Zhang,Donglan, Hu,Suzhen, Xia,Qinghua, Yuan,Hong, Zhou,Peng, Zhang,Yiying, Liu,Xing, Sun,Mei, Lv,Jun, Li,Chengyue, Jiang,Qiyun, Gong,Dan, Li,Huiqi, Zhang,Donglan, Hu,Suzhen, Xia,Qinghua, Yuan,Hong, Zhou,Peng, Zhang,Yiying, Liu,Xing, Sun,Mei, Lv,Jun, and Li,Chengyue

Abstract

Qiyun Jiang,1,2 Dan Gong,1,2 Huiqi Li,3 Donglan Zhang,4 Suzhen Hu,5 Qinghua Xia,6 Hong Yuan,7 Peng Zhou,6 Yiying Zhang,7 Xing Liu,8 Mei Sun,1,2 Jun Lv,1,2 Chengyue Li1,2 1Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Research Institute of Health Development Strategies, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; 4Department of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA; 5Department of Medical Affairs, Liaocheng People’s Hospital, Liaocheng, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Changning District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Jiading District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Chengyue Li; Jun Lv, Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Fudan University, P.O. Box 177, 130 Dong’an Road, Shanghai, 200032, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-21-33561022 ; +86-21-33563953, Fax +86-21-33563380, Email lichengyue@fudan.edu.cn; lujun@shmu.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to develop a screening tool based on a risk scoring approach that could identify individuals at high risk for hypertension in Shanghai, China.Methods: A total of 3147 respondents from the 2013 Shanghai Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance were randomly divided into the derivation group and validation group. The coefficients obtained from multivariable logistic regression were used to assign a score to each variable category. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used

Published
2022

203. Moisture sources of the first rainy season extreme precipitation events in the hotspots of Guangdong, South China.

Author

Peng, Dongdong, Lin, Ailan, Liu, Xiantong, Huang, Xin, Xiao, Hui, and Li, Huiqi

Subjects
MOISTURE, SEASONS, MONSOONS, SUMMER
Abstract

The first rainy season (April–May–June) extreme precipitation events over South China tend to frequently occur in specific hotspots, resulting in a great threat to local society and economy. Abundant moisture supply is essential to precipitation formation. In this study, we employ the FLEXPART model to investigate the geographical moisture sources for extreme precipitation events in three hotspots of Guangdong from west to east (termed as Area‐A, B, and C). During both the periods before and after the onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon (hereafter SCSSM), the moisture contributions of ocean regions are larger than that of land regions for all the hotspots, but the main moisture source regions are different. Before the onset of SCSSM, the main source regions are South China Sea and Southeastern Asia, which contribute 36.50 and 31.79% to Area‐A, 35.85 and 27.83% to Area‐B, while 42.27 and 23.81% to Area‐C, respectively. After the onset of SCSSM, the contribution of moisture from Indian Ocean increases a lot. Thus, the main source regions are Indian Ocean, Southeastern Asia and South China Sea, which contribute 31.52, 24.58 and 18.13% to Area‐A, 29.21, 21.82 and 14.99% to Area‐B, 26.62, 20.70%, and 28.19% to Area‐C, respectively. Among the three hotspots, the contribution of ocean regions for Area‐C is the largest. Southeastern Asia is the main land contributor before and after the onset of SCSSM for all the hotspots. This study implies the important role of both ocean and land moisture sources on extreme precipitation variations over South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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204. A population‐based, retrospective cohort study of the association between ABO blood group and risk of COVID‐19.

Author

Dahlén, Torsten, Li, Huiqi, Nyberg, Fredrik, and Edgren, Gustaf

Subjects
*ABO blood group system, *BLOOD groups, *COVID-19, *INTENSIVE care units, *VACCINATION status
Abstract

Background: Several studies have investigated associations between ABO blood group and risk of COVID‐19, with inconsistent results. Objective: To study associations between ABO blood group and risk of different stages of COVID‐19. Methods: The study was based on nationwide registers encompassing all blood‐grouped persons in Sweden, and all of their COVID‐19‐related outcomes. Associations between ABO blood group and COVID‐19 outcomes were estimated using Poisson regression models. Analyses were conducted overall and stratified by vaccination status. Results: A total of 4,986,878 individuals were included. The incidence rate ratios of testing positive for COVID‐19 were 1.08 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07–1.08), 1.06 (95% CI, 1.05–1.07), and 1.01 (95% CI, 1.00–1.01) for blood groups A, AB, and B, respectively, as compared to O. Similar associations were seen for risk of hospital admissions, intensive care unit admissions, and risk of death. For most outcomes, associations with ABO blood group were much attenuated or even reversed in vaccinated individuals. Conclusions: Individuals with blood groups A, AB, and B are at increased risk of contracting COVID‐19 as well as developing more severe forms of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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221. Precipitation Microphysical Characteristics of Typhoon Ewiniar (2018) before and after Its Final Landfall over Southern China

Author

Feng, Lu, Xiao, Hui, Liu, Xiantong, Hu, Sheng, Li, Huiqi, Xiao, Liusi, and Hao, Xiao

Abstract

In this paper, the evolution of the microphysical characteristics in different regions (eyewall, inner core, and outer rainbands) and different quadrants [downshear left (DL), downshear right (DR), upshear left (UL), and upshear right (UR)] during the final landfall of Typhoon Ewiniar (2018) is analyzed using two-dimensional video disdrometer and S-band polarimetric radar data collected in Guangdong, China. Due to the different types of underlying surfaces, the periods before landfall (mainly dominated by underlying sea surface) and after landfall (mainly dominated by underlying land surface) are also analyzed. Both before landfall and after landfall, the downshear quadrants had the dominate typhoon precipitation. The outer rainbands had more graupel than the inner core, resulting in a larger radar reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase shift, and mass-weighted mean diameter below the melting layer. Compared with other regions, the eyewall region had the smallest mean logarithmic normalized intercept parameter before landfall and the smallest mean mass-weighted mean diameter and the largest mean logarithmic normalized intercept parameter after landfall. The hydrometeor size sorting was obvious in the eyewall and inner core (especially in the eyewall) after landfall. A high concentration of large raindrops fell in the DL quadrant, and more small raindrops fell in the UR quadrant. Although the ice-phase process and warm rain process were both important in the formation of tropical cyclone precipitation, the warm rain process (ice-phase process) contributed more liquid water before landfall (after landfall). This investigation provides a reference for improving the microphysical parameterization scheme in numerical models.

Published
2023
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237. A new time-delayed periodic boundary condition for discrete element modelling of railway track under moving wheel loads

Author

Li, Huiqi, Mcdowell, Glenn, and De Bono, John

Abstract

A new time-delayed periodic boundary condition (PBC) has been proposed for discrete element modelling (DEM) of periodic structures subject to moving loads such as railway track based on a box test which is normally used as an element testing model. The new proposed time-delayed PBC is approached by predicting forces acting on ghost particles with the consideration of different loading phases for adjacent sleepers whereas a normal PBC simply gives the ghost particles the same contact forces as the original particles. By comparing the sleeper in a single sleeper test with a fixed boundary, a normal periodic boundary and the newly proposed time-delayed PBC (TDPBC), the new TDPBC was found to produce the closest settlement to that of the middle sleeper in a three-sleeper test which was assumed to be free of boundary effects. It appears that the new TDPBC can eliminate the boundary effect more effectively than either a fixed boundary or a normal periodic cell.

Published
2021

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