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The methanation of CO2 using green hydrogen not only consumes CO2 as a carbon resource but also stores H2 with high density. However, the activation of CO2 molecules under mild conditions is challenging due to their inert nature. Herein, we report an efficient photothermal catalytic system using light irradiation which realizes the complete conversion of CO2 to methane without external heating. Over optimum bimetallic NiFe nanoparticles (NPs) with a Ni/Fe atomic ratio of 7, the CO2 conversion can reach up to 98% with a CH4 selectivity of 99%, and no catalyst deactivation was observed for more than 100 h, outperforming the reported catalysts. The catalytic performance is strongly dependent on the structure promoters, light absorption efficiency, NiFe particle sizes, and Ni/Fe ratio. The NiFe alloy NPs with an average size of ~21 nm dispersed on alumina nanosheets are evidenced to enhance the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect, thus efficiently triggering the CO2 methanation. This work emphasizes and clarifies the important role of LSPR in CO2 hydrogenation, which may benefit the rational utilization of CO2 using solar power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single crystal superalloy with different C contents was casted using master alloy of DD6 in the directionally solidified furnace. The effect of C content on the microstructure of the second generation single crystal superalloy was investigated. The results show that C content has no obvious effect on the dendrite arm spacing. With the increase of C content, the volume fraction and size of γ/γ' eutectic decrease. However, the volume fraction of carbide increases, and its morphologies change from blocky shape to frame work-like and Chinese-script-like with the increase of C content. With the increase of carbon content, the segregation of Ta decreases while the segregation of Re, W, Mo, Nb increases. C content has no obvious effect on the shape and size of γ' phase in as cast microstructure or after heat treatment. The morphology of carbide has no distinct change after heat treatment.

In order to investigate the effect of water grit-blasting and high temperature thermal exposure on the microstructures of DD6 alloy with TBCs, DD6 single crystal superalloy specimens were water grit-blasted with 0.3 MPa pressure, then the specimens were coated with thermal barrier coatings by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD). Specimens with TBCs were exposed at 1100℃ for 50 and 100 hours in the air respectively, and then these specimens were subjected to stress-rupture tests under the condition of 1100℃/130 MPa. The results show that grit-blasting doesn't lead into the recrystallization, thermal exposure can induce element interdiffusion between the bond coat and alloy substrate, the residual stress and element diffusion lead into the changes of γ' phase coarsing direction. After stress rupture tests, the secondary reaction zone emerges into a local area.

It is critical to detect Fe3+ and Al3+ rapidly and accurately due to their high risk to humans and the ecological environment. In this work, a kind of terbium-based metal–organic framework fluorescent probe (Tb-MOF) is facilely fabricated that displays ultra-high selective detection of Fe3+ and Al3+ over various coexisting ions (i.e. Mn2+, Co2+, K+, Ca2+, Na+, Mg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+). The obtained Tb-MOF exhibits emission at 547 nm and possesses outstanding thermal, fluorescent and chemical stability. The Tb-MOF shows a ratiometric fluorescence signal for Al3+, and the detection limits for Fe3+ and Al3+ are 0.91 and 6.10 μM, respectively. Moreover, the fluorescence intensities and concentrations of Fe3+ and Al3+ have good linear relationships across wide concentration ranges. Furthermore, the quantifications of Fe3+ and Al3+ are achieved in complex tap and river water samples with good recoveries. This study offers a facile and efficient method of developing a fluorescent probe that possesses the ability to quantify Fe3+ and Al3+ in real environmental water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The 5-year survival rate for women with metastatic breast cancer is 29%. Potential biomarker identification is important for new treatment modalities in affected patients. Previous studies have shown that Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) plays a critical role in breast cancer growth and metastasis. Our study aimed to use a genetically modified breast cancer mouse model to precisely examine the role of PTHrP from early primary breast cancer initiation to late progression. We identified a novel long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a new target for fatty acid metabolism that can be regulated via PTHrP in our unique mouse breast cancer model. We confirmed that a potential human lncRNA, OLMALINC, plays a similar role in fatty acid metabolism that can be regulated via PTHrP and validated our mouse findings in human breast cancer cell lines. Genetically engineered mouse models provide valuable tools to study the molecular metabolism for breast cancer progression. Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is the primary cause of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia (MAH). We previously showed that PTHrP ablation, in the MMTV-PyMT murine model of breast cancer (BC) progression, can dramatically prolong tumor latency, slow tumor growth, and prevent metastatic spread. However, the signaling mechanisms using lineage tracing have not yet been carefully analyzed. Here, we generated Pthrpflox/flox; Cre+ mT/mG mice (KO) and Pthrpwt/wt; Cre+ mT/mG tumor mice (WT) to examine the signaling pathways under the control of PTHrP from the early to late stages of tumorigenesis. GFP+ mammary epithelial cells were further enriched for subsequent RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analyses. We observed significant upregulation of cell cycle signaling and fatty acid metabolism in PTHrP WT tumors, which are linked to tumor initiation and progression. Next, we observed that the expression levels of a novel lncRNA, GM50337, along with stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) are significantly upregulated in PTHrP WT but not in KO tumors. We further validated a potential human orthologue lncRNA, OLMALINC, together with SCD1 that can be regulated via PTHrP in human BC cell lines. In conclusion, these novel findings could be used to develop targeted strategies for the treatment of BC and its metastatic complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy (APIP) is associated with increased maternal and fetal mortality. We sought to determine whether a low threshold for cesarean section (C-section) in severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or Predict SAP improves maternal and fetal outcomes in patients with APIP. We identified patients with APIP at a single institution from a prospective database and studied fetal and maternal health in APIP before (2005–2014) and after (2015–2019) introduction of multidisciplinary team management with a defined, lowered threshold for C-section. The primary end point was fetal mortality comprising abortion and perinatal death. Risk factors associated with fetal mortality were analyzed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. A total of 165 patients with APIP were eligible for analysis. There was a highly significant increase in patients undergoing C-section from 37 (30.8%) of 120 during 2005–2014 to 27 (60%) of 45 in 2015–2019 (P = 0.001), with a highly significant fall in fetal mortality from 37 (30.8%) of 120 to 3 (6.7%) of 45 between the same periods (P = 0.001), when maternal mortality fell from 6 to zero (P = 0.19). Maternal early systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (odds ratio [OR] 6.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53, 30.80, P = 0.01) and SAP (OR 3.64, 95%CI 1.25, 10.60, P = 0.02) were two independent risk factors associated with fetal mortality. Multidisciplinary collaboration and a defined, low threshold for C-section improve fetal outcomes in patients with APIP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]