Search

For the rolling element bearing–rotor system, the bearing stiffness and eventual system vibration performance are influenced by the shape and position errors of the bearing housing. In this article, a rotor supported by two cylindrical roller bearings is investigated. The load and deformation between the roller and the raceways of the bearing and the bending deformation of the rotor are analysed. An analytical model is established for calculating the radial and angular stiffnesses of the bearing considering the bearing housing deflections. Consequently, a vibration model which can consider the influences of the bearing housing deflections is developed for the bearing–rotor system. With a calculation example, the influences of the housing deflection angles on the vibration performance of the bearing–rotor system are studied numerically and a series of conclusions are obtained and explained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Cr1.8Ti0.2O3−δ (CTO) powders were prepared by citrate, sol–gel and solid-state routes, respectively. The effect of preparation methods on the morphology of sputtered thin films was further investigated. X-ray diffraction patterns of the powders and films confirmed a single phase CTO. No impurity was observed even after sintering the powders at 1000 °C for 24 h. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that Cr 2p (577.8 eV), and O 1 s (531.5 eV) core levels of the sputtered films have ∼1 eV variation in their binding energy positions compared to those of CTO powders. The atomic force microscopy analysis showed the grains of the films obtained by sputtering sol–gel powders had the smallest size in the range of 7–58 nm. The surface roughness of the thin films had the lowest value at 0.70 nm, whereas those obtained from solid state solution had the maximum value of 2.51 nm. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a group of enveloped positive-sense RNA viruses and can cause deadly diseases in animals and humans. Cell entry is the first and essential step of successful virus infection and can be divided into two ongoing steps: cell binding and membrane fusion. Over the past two decades, stimulated by the global outbreak of SARS-CoV and pandemic of SARS-CoV-2, numerous efforts have been made in the CoV research. As a result, significant progress has been achieved in our understanding of the cell entry process. Here, we review the current knowledge of this essential process, including the viral and host components involved in cell binding and membrane fusion, molecular mechanisms of their interactions, and the sites of virus entry. We highlight the recent findings of host restriction factors that inhibit CoVs entry. This knowledge not only enhances our understanding of the cell entry process, pathogenesis, tissue tropism, host range, and interspecies-transmission of CoVs but also provides a theoretical basis to design effective preventive and therapeutic strategies to control CoVs infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress causes heavy damages to crop growth and productivity under global climatic changes. Transcription factors have been extensively studied in many crops to play important roles in plant growth and defense. However, there is a scarcity of studies regarding WRKY transcription factors regulating drought responses in maize crops. Previously, ZmWRKY79 was identified as the regulator of maize phytoalexin biosynthesis with inducible expression under different elicitation. Here, we elucidated the function of ZmWRKY79 in drought stress through regulating ABA biosynthesis. The overexpression of ZmWRKY79 in Arabidopsis improved the survival rate under drought stress, which was accompanied by more lateral roots, lower stomatal aperture, and water loss. ROS scavenging was also boosted by ZmWRKY79 to result in less H2O2 and MDA accumulation and increased antioxidant enzyme activities. Further analysis detected more ABA production in ZmWRKY79 overexpression lines under drought stress, which was consistent with up-regulated ABA biosynthetic gene expression by RNA-seq analysis. ZmWRKY79 was observed to target ZmAAO3 genes in maize protoplast through acting on the specific W-boxes of the corresponding gene promoters. Virus-induced gene silencing of ZmWRKY79 in maize resulted in compromised drought tolerance with more H2O2 accumulation and weaker root system architecture. Together, this study substantiates the role of ZmWRKY79 in the drought-tolerance mechanism through regulating ABA biosynthesis, suggesting its broad functions not only as the regulator in phytoalexin biosynthesis against pathogen infection but also playing the positive role in abiotic stress response, which provides a WRKY candidate gene to improve drought tolerance for maize and other crop plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Construct two non-submerged HMABRs by integrating the spraying function to MABR. • The presence of acetone markedly boosted toluene removal in HMABR. • Adding acetone enhanced the hydrophobicity of biofilm and promoted the TCA cycle. • Pseudomonadota dominates in HMABR, and adding acetone enhances Rhodanobacter. Biological treatment methodologies offer cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) removal, but they face limitations in effectively treating hydrophobic VOCs. Herein, this study introduces the Hybrid Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (HMABR) for VOC treatment. The HMABR integrates a bio-trickling filter-like spraying function with MABR technology to construct a non-submerge system. What's more, introducing hydrophilic gases enhances the degradation of hydrophobic VOCs in pollutant biotreatment. While hydrophilic VOCs are readily degraded by microorganisms, the mechanisms of their co-degradation remain understudied. Toluene and acetone, common industrial VOCs, were examined in the HMABR system. HMABR exhibits outstanding toluene removal, reaching a maximum capacity of 142.04 gm−3h−1. The addition of acetone boosts this capacity by 70.1 gm−3h−1, altering EPS composition, and notably increasing the PN/PS ratio from 0.35 to 2.76. It can be inferred that acetone's presence enhances biofilm EPS hydrophobicity, aiding toluene breakdown. Besides, when adding acetone, the biofilm EPS sample exhibited a more compact secondary protein structure. Analysis of the microbial community in the HMABR system identified a dominance of Pseudomonadota , with an increased abundance of Rhodanobacter , which correlated strongly with toluene degradation in the presence of acetone. Gene analysis revealed an increase in toluene degradation genes in Rhodanobacter when acetone was added. Furthermore, acetone activation was found to enhance metabolic pathways related to xylene degradation and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, thereby improving toluene removal efficiency. These findings provide insights into co-metabolism in treating hydrophobic pollutants in HMABR and contribute to designing more effective treatment systems for VOCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The attentional boost effect, characterized by better memory for background scenes coinciding with a detection target than a nontarget, is believed to stem from a temporary increase in attentional capacity at the time of an acute behavior‐related event occurring. Sisk and Jiang's study found that the attentional boost effect also occurs when the target's appearance was predictable. Unfortunately, the duration of the predictive interval in Sisk and Jiang's study was fixed. Since different predictive intervals had different weakening degrees to the acuteness of the target, this fixed duration hindered further investigation into the impact of different levels of predictability on the attentional boost effect. Method: Using the encoding‐recognition paradigm and the remembering/knowing paradigm, and setting target stimuli with different predictive interval in target detection tasks, the current study aimed to explore the influence of varying the duration of the predictive interval on the attentional boost effect. Results: The attentional boost effect was observed only in the short and medium predictive duration conditions, but not in the long predictive duration condition. Moreover, as the duration of the predictive interval increased, participants' memory performance on target‐paired words gradually declined, while their memory performance on distractor‐paired and baseline‐paired words gradually improved. Conclusions: Predictability may alter the task demands, allowing participants to more effectively allocate attentional resources to the two tasks at hand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors are crucial components of next‐generation NIR lighting sources. However, the design of high‐efficiency and thermally stable NIR phosphors still poses a significant challenge, whose quantum efficiencies (QEs) are directly limited by their absorption efficiency (AE) toward incident light. Here, an efficient and thermally stable NIR emission with AE up to 64.9% and emission keeping of 91.23% at 423 K is demonstrated via Cr3+ heavy solid solution in rigid framework LiCaGaF6:Cr3+ (LCGFC). Isomorphic LiCaAlF6:Cr3+ also exhibits thermal robustness, while traps in low doping concentration and low QEs. Comparative studies on crystal structure, formation energy, and Helmholtz free energy disclose that Cr3+ substitution on equivalent and equiradius Ga3+ site versus radii differential Al3+ site generates heavier solid solution and sustainable structural rigidity with acquirement of higher AE and better thermal stability. Incorporating LCGFC with a blue InGaN chip, a NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diode is fabricated to realize stable wireless optical communication with good penetrability through biological tissue and some organic products. These findings develop a strategy based on activator heavy solid solutions in a rigid framework to achieve high‐efficiency and thermally stable NIR phosphors but also advance their novel optoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the influence of the preparation method on the electrochemical dissolution behavior of the typical superalloy Inconel 718, we employed various test methods to determine the composition and structure of the passive film. Test results show that the film is mainly composed of Cr2O3 and NiO, which have an obvious impact on the electrochemical and physical properties of the surface. The electrochemical machining experiments indicate that wrought Inconel 718 contains large amounts of pitting and selective corrosion, while hot-rolled Inconel 718 exhibits finer grains and a more uniform distribution, which results in a more even dissolution and a better surface quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A mild photo-assisted reduction method was developed to fabricate large-area, uniform reduced graphene oxide–TiO2films and micropatterns on various substrates in air at room temperature from a composite insulating film of graphene oxide sheets and TiO2nanoparticles, with a conductivity (0.5–2 Ω cm) comparable to chemically reduced graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All kinds of mutagenic factors may cause physiological, biochemical and genetic changes of all organisms. To characterize their characteristic biology effects, the concept of Relaxation Time (RT) was introduced for the first time, and the specific process was as follows. After mutation of organisms, the offsprings will be continuingly cultured (or cultivated) to the next generation (Rx). Once a biological effect began to show no significant difference compared to the untreated controls, the Rx was defined as the RT of the effect. In this paper, three kinds of mutagenic factors were selected to treat the seeds or seedlings of Astragalus sinicus L., subsequently, the corresponding RT was calibrated. The results showed that the RT was diverse not only among different biological effects but also among different mutagenic factors. For the RT of chemical mutagens and gamma rays, most of which are concentrated on R1, whereas the heavy ion beams have significant differences among different tracks. Among biological effects, the SOD activity and superoxide anion free radical content in the Peak region are more prominent, and their RT reaches R3 and R4, respectively. Thus, the RT may characterize the characteristic biological effects from differently mutagenic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The SLS can improve the hydrophilicity and optimize the structure of membranes. • The Cu2+ can be maintained with the co-addition of SLS by coordinatively interacts. • The membrane can effectively separate fermentation broth with the higher performance. Membrane separation technology with high separation efficiency and low energy consumption are one of the keys to tackle the water-energy crisis. However, membrane fouling can reduce membrane life and performance, limiting its application. In this work, hydrophilic modifier sodium lignosulphonate (SLS) and antibacterial agent CuCl 2 were adopted as additives to modify PVDF membranes. The addition of SLS can optimize the structure of PVDF membranes and increase hydrophilicity, enhancing separation and anti-fouling performance. Moreover, the SLS can fix Cu2+ effectively onto the membrane for improved antibacterial performance, as the leakage of Cu2+ is reduced greatly, compared to Cu-PVDF membranes without SLS. The simulation based on density functional theory proved that the binding energy of SLS and Cu2+ is 2.7 times of that of PVDF and Cu2+. Finally, the prepared anti-fouling Cu-SLS/PVDF membrane was applied in the separation of simulated Escherichia coli fermentation broth, exhibiting long-term antibacterial and anti-fouling property. This work provides a new idea for the preparation of long-term anti-fouling and antibacterial membrane, and has good potential in the recovery of fermentation broth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Though cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death globally, its incidence is nearly entirely preventable. Young people have been an international priority for screening as this population has historically been under-screened. However, in both high-income and low-income countries, young people have not been screened appropriately according to country-specific guidelines. The aim of this systematic review was to systematically characterize the existing literature on barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening (CCS) among adolescents and young people globally.Methods: We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of three key databases: Medline-OVID, EMBASE, and CINAHL. Supplementary searches were done through ClinicialTrials.Gov and Scopus. Databases were examined from 1946 until the date of our literature searches on March 12th 2020. We only examined original, peer-reviewed literature. Articles were excluded if they did not specifically discuss CCS, were not specific to individuals under the age of 35, or did not report outcomes or evaluation. All screening, extraction, and synthesis was completed in duplicate with two independent reviewers. Outcomes were summarized descriptively. Risk of bias for individual studies was graded using an adapted rating scale based on the Risk of Bias Instrument for Cross-Sectional Surveys of Attitudes and Practices.Results: Of the 2177 original database citations, we included 36 studies that met inclusion criteria. The 36 studies included a total of 14,362 participants, and around half (17/36, 47.2%) of studies specifically targeted students. The majority of studies (31/36, 86.1%) discussed barriers and facilitators to Pap testing specifically, while one study analyzed self-sampling (1/36, 2.8%), one study targeted HPV DNA testing (1/36, 2.8%), and the remainder (4/36, 11.1%) were not specified. Our systematic review found that there are three large categories of barriers for young people: lack of knowledge/awareness, negative perceptions of the test, and systemic barriers to testing. Facilitators included stronger relationships with healthcare providers, social norms, support from family, and self-efficacy.Conclusion: There are unique barriers and facilitators that affect CCS rates in adolescents and young people. Health systems and healthcare providers worldwide should address the challenges for this unique population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochromic materials have attracted considerable attention due to their ability to change color reversibly and rapidly under an external electrical stimulus, making them highly promising for use in various applications such as smart windows, displays, and optical memory devices. In particular, tungsten trioxide (WO 3) thin films have shown excellent electrochromic properties, leading to their wide application in electrochromic devices. In this study, oxygen plasma treatment was used to convert WCl 6 thin film to WO 3 electrochromic thin film on ITO glass substrate. Surface morphology, element composition, phase, optical property, and electrochromic characteristics of WO 3 film are analyzed. It has been proved that the conversion of precursor films is rapid and efficient, the mean roughness and root mean square of amorphous WO 3 thin film are lower than 1.8 nm and 2.2 nm respectively, and the film exhibits good electrochromic performance parameters. The optical modulation range and coloration efficiency of the film can reach 58.5% and 80.2 cm2/C before cycle and 56.3% and 84.0 cm2/C after 100 cycles, coloration time and bleaching time are within 10 s. The method of plasma treatment avoids annealing and prepare WO 3 film with good and stable performance. This method has the potential to expand to other electrochromic materials, and provides a new solution for the large area preparation and flexible application of electrochromic materials. • Using plasma treatment as a method for preparing thin films. • Solution method for avoiding high-temperature process. • Rapid electrochromic thin film preparation method. • Possibility to expand to other electrochromic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to research the tribological and dynamic characteristics of aeroengine hybrid ceramic bearings through wear experiments and simulation analysis. Design/methodology/approach: First, the authors carried out wear experiments on Si3N4–GCr15 and GCr15–GCr15 friction pairs through the ball-disc wear test rig to explore the tribological properties of their materials. Second, using ANSYS/LS-DYNA simulation software, the dynamic simulation analysis of hybrid bearings was carried out under certain working conditions, and the dynamic contact stress of all-steel bearings of the same size was simulated and compared. Finally, the change of the maximum contact stress of the main bearing under the change of load and rotation speed was studied. Findings: The results show that the Si3N4–GCr15 pair has better tribological performance. At the same time, under the conditions of high speed and heavy load, the simulation analysis shows that the contact stress between the ceramic ball and the raceway of the ring is smaller than the steel ball. That is, hybrid bearings have better transient mechanical properties than all-steel bearings. With the speed increasing to 12,000 r/min, the maximum stress point will shift in the inner and outer rings. Originality/value: In this study, the tribological and transient mechanical properties of Si3N4 material were comprehensively analyzed through wear experiments and dynamic simulation analysis, which provided a reference for the design of hybrid bearings for next-generation aeroengines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the evolution of stress on the ring and segment interfaces during the construction process of the concrete encapsulation of the main arch ring in a rigid-frame arch bridge, alongside its impact on the ultimate load-bearing capacity of the main arch ring, a 1:10 scale model experiment was conducted by taking the 600 m Tian'e Longtan Bridge as the prototype. The key cross-section concrete strain data were collected during the entire construction process of the main arch ring via fiber-optic strain sensors, which were used to investigate the stress evolution at ring and segment interfaces. ANSYS APDL was employed to simulate the ultimate bearing capacity under various loading conditions of two different finite element models, which were, respectively, formed segmentally and by single pouring. The results revealed that (1) after the closure of the concrete encapsulation of the main arch ring, the concrete stress in the cross-section exhibits significant stress disparities. At the same cross-section, the level of the web concrete stress can reach 76% of the floor concrete stress, while the roof concrete stress level is less than 20% of the floor concrete stress. (2) At the junction of two adjacent work planes, there are considerable differences in the stress levels of the concrete on both sides. After the closure of the main arch ring, the intersegment stress ratios of the floor, web, and roof concrete are 60~70%, 40~60%, and 0~5%, respectively. (3) Loading conditions remarkably affected the ultimate bearing capacity of the main arch ring. Under mid-span loading and 1/4 span symmetrical loading conditions, compared to single-pour concrete encapsulation, the ultimate bearing capacity of the main arch ring with concrete encapsulated by segmented and ring-divided pouring decreased by 19.16% and 5.23%, respectively, compared to single-pour concrete encapsulation. This suggests that the non-uniformity of stress distribution in the concrete sheath can lead to reductions in the ultimate bearing capacity of the arch ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Si 3 N 4 hybrid bearings are considered the most promising motor bearings due to their characteristics of electrical insulation, high speed, low friction coefficient, and wear resistance, which can better meet the requirements of driving motors of electric vehicles. However, the tribological mechanism between the ceramic-grease-steel complex interface is unclear. Three kinds of greases, namely lithium, polyurea, and calcium sulfonate complex grease, were synthesized from poly alpha olefin 40 as base oil. The effects of grease thickener morphology on the tribological properties of Si 3 N 4 /GCr15 contact surfaces at different slip speeds were investigated, and the vibration and friction torque performances in 6204 hybrid ceramic balls were evaluated. The results showed that the thickener could form physical deposition film and friction film to protect the worn surface at low speed. The friction and wear conditions were significantly improved at high speed under lithium grease and polyurea grease lubrication, being a mixed lubrication state. In presence of lithium grease, the tribological performance of the Si 3 N 4 /GCr15 interface and the vibration performance, impacted condition, starting torque, and friction torque of the hybrid ceramic ball bearings were all the best. Because lithium grease is subjected to continuous shear of the ceramic ball, which releases the base oil stably, and forms a thick oil film with the broken thickener in the center of the raceway, the bearing is in a mild lubrication state. Therefore, for Si 3 N 4 hybrid ceramic ball bearings, lithium grease is a lubricant with good application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six kinds of choline chloride (ChCl)/diols deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different alkyl chain lengths and hydroxyl positions were prepared, which are easily synthesized and biodegradable. Tribological and bearing tests show that ChCl/ethylene glycol (EG) has the best performance on the surface of Si 3 N 4 /GCr15 tribo-pairs. Compared with PAO10, friction coefficient, wear scar diameter, bearing vibration, and friction torque decreased by 71 %, 28 %, 34.8 %, and 24.6 %, respectively. ChCl/EG, which has the shortest alkyl chain length and hydroxyl distance, has the highest molecular polarity. Such a dense and stable chemisorption film is formed and the lubrication performance is improved, which is confirmed by the inconspicuous tribochemical films. Consequently, ChCl/EG serves as a potentially superior lubricant for Si 3 N 4 hybrid ceramic ball bearings. • The shorter the alkyl chain of the diol DES, the better the tribological effect. • The longer the hydroxyl group distance of the diol DES, the better the tribological effect. • ChCl/EG exhibits excellent tribological properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wood has excellent properties such as biodegradability, high reactivity and rich channel skeleton structure. However, the defects such as hole blockage and limited specific surface area limit the application of wood-based materials in wastewater treatment. Therefore, in this research, wood substrates (DTWS) were treated using a deep eutectic solvent method, which was able to remove both lignin and hemicellulose from wood. Wood-based carriers with high specific surface area and high chemical activity were formed. The DTWS-Ag material was formed by growing Ag nanoparticles (NPs) in wood channels by hydrothermal method. The results showed that with the increase of lignin and hemicellulose removal, the degradation performance of DTWS-Ag material showed a volcanic trend due to the interaction between Ag and the inner wall of the pipe. The pore size and the amount of Ag NPs are very important to the degradation rate of dye molecules. DTWS-4-Ag composite material makes wood pore diameter and Ag NPs production reach a high balance, so that it has the highest degree of reduction. DTWS-4-Ag showed high catalytic degradation efficiency and stability for methylene blue degradation, with the degradation efficiency up to 98.3 %. This low-cost, renewable wood-based filter has high dye degradation efficiency and can be widely used in practical wastewater treatment. [Display omitted] • DTWS-Ag membranes modified by low eutectic solvent method were prepared. • Partial removal of lignin and hemicellulose improves degradation efficiency. • Catalytic activity of material was inhibited by excessive removal of components. • The membrane showed good removal of highly concentrated dye solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influences of Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) and Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles on tribological and bearing vibration properties of polyurea grease (PG) were investigated. The microstructure, friction coefficient, wear morphology, and bearing vibration test of five components of greases were conducted. The results showed that the addition of 1 wt% hBN, playing the role of isolation protection and nano-abrasive, could improve the wear and vibration reduction performance of PG. However, the addition of CaCO3 nanoparticles at the same time, playing the role of deposition and recovery, could further improve the tribological and vibration reduction performance of PG, which was attributed to the synergistic effect of CaCO3 and hBN particles. The findings revealed that PG with the addition of 1 wt% hBN + 5 wt% CaCO3 nanoparticles had the greatest tribological and vibration suppression performance, which is due to the synergistic effect of hBN and CaCO3 nanoparticles. Additionally, the wettability tests showed that the addition of hBN and CaCO3 nanoparticles could significantly increase the flow of base oil on the PG soap fibers, resulting in the most effective bearing vibration suppression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery is the main method for the treatment of lung cancer. The reduction of surgical trauma can effectively reduce the intraoperative and postoperative inflammatory reaction. The aim of the study is to compare the intraoperative and postoperative inflammatory reactions in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated by single-port thoracoscopic surgery and three-port thoracoscopic surgery. Methods. A total of 68 NSCLC patients (stages I and II) of thoracoscopic surgery were selected and randomly divided into two groups where they received either single-port thoracoscopic surgery or three-port thoracoscopic surgery. Intraoperative and postoperative serum inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, CRP; serum amyloid A protein, SAA; and interleukin 6, IL-6) were detected using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results. The CRP level of the single-port group was significantly lower than that of the three-port group during surgery, the first day after surgery, and third day after surgery (P < 0.05). The level of IL-6 in the single-port group was significantly lower than that in the three-port group during surgery on the first and third days after surgery (P < 0.05). The level of SAA in the single-port group was also significantly lower than that in the three-port group on the first and third days after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Compared with three-port thoracoscopic surgery, single-port thoracoscopic surgery could reduce the inflammatory response and improve the recovery of NSCLC patients. Single-port thoracoscopic surgery is worthy of further promotion in the current treatment field of NSCLC in terms of reducing intraoperative and postoperative inflammatory reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boronate affinity materials, as effective sample enrichment sorbents for glycoproteomic analysis, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, most of boronate affinity materials suffer from an apparent limitation, limited binding strength. As a result, extraction of glycoproteins of trace concentration is rather difficult or impossible. In this study, we present a high boronate avidity monolithic capillary. Branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) was used as a scaffold to amplify the number of boronic acid moieties. While 2,4-difluoro-3-formyl-phenylboronic acid (DFFPBA), which exhibited ultrahigh affinity toward cis -diol-containing compounds, was employed as an affinity ligand. Due to the PEI-assisted synergistic multivalent binding, the monolithic column exhibited high boronate avidity toward glycoproteins, with binding constants of 10 −6 –10 −7 M. Such binding strength was the highest among already reported boronic acid-functionalized materials that can be used for glycoproteomic analysis. Besides, the boronate avidity monolithic column exhibited one additional beneficial feature, lowered binding pH (≥6.5). These features greatly favored the selective enrichment of trace glycoproteins from real samples. The feasibility for practical applications was demonstrated with the selective enrichment of trace glycoproteins in human saliva. As compared with other boronate avidity/affinity materials, the boronate avidity monolithic capillary exhibited the best performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • HCoVs induce innate immune response via activation of multiple intracellular pattern recognition receptors. • HCoVs subvert the induction of innate immune response and signal transduction of IFNs via multiple mechanisms. • Innate immune response plays critical roles in HCoV pathogenesis. • Multiple IFN-induced proteins inhibit distinct steps of HCoV replication. Recognition of viral infections by various pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) activates an inflammatory cytokine response that inhibits viral replication and orchestrates the activation of adaptive immune responses to control the viral infection. The broadly active innate immune response puts a strong selective pressure on viruses and drives the selection of variants with increased capabilities to subvert the induction and function of antiviral cytokines. This revolutionary process dynamically shapes the host ranges, cell tropism and pathogenesis of viruses. Recent studies on the innate immune responses to the infection of human coronaviruses (HCoV), particularly SARS-CoV-2, revealed that HCoV infections can be sensed by endosomal toll-like receptors and/or cytoplasmic RIG-I-like receptors in various cell types. However, the profiles of inflammatory cytokines and transcriptome response induced by a specific HCoV are usually cell type specific and determined by the virus-specific mechanisms of subverting the induction and function of interferons and inflammatory cytokines as well as the genetic trait of the host genes of innate immune pathways. We review herein the recent literatures on the innate immune responses and their roles in the pathogenesis of HCoV infections with emphasis on the pathobiological roles and therapeutic effects of type I interferons in HCoV infections and their antiviral mechanisms. The knowledge on the mechanism of innate immune control of HCoV infections and viral evasions should facilitate the development of therapeutics for induction of immune resolution of HCoV infections and vaccines for efficient control of COVID-19 pandemics and other HCoV infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS composite catalyst is prepared by hydrothermal method. • The doping of La3+ improves the light absorption performance of the catalyst. • The photocatalytic mechanism for La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS is analyzed. • The Z-scheme heterojunction is verified by photodeposition charge tracking method. • Three possible degradation pathways of OTC by La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS are proposed. In this paper, a novel direct Z-scheme heterojunction La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS composed of 3-dimensional flower-like Bi 2 WO 6 and hexagonally stacked succulent CdS was successfully designed and synthesized. The morphology, optical properties, element valence and crystal structure of the catalysts were systematically characterized. When the dosage of LBC-40 was 1.0 g/L, the degradation rate of oxytetracycline (OTC, 20 mg/L, pH = 6) was 85.28 %, under low visible light illumination (65 W energy saving lamp) for 120 min and the reaction kinetic constant (0.01336 min−1) was 2.50 and 1.56 times that of pure Bi 2 WO 6 and La-Bi 2 WO 6 , respectively. Moreover, La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS showed good photocatalytic activity for other single antibiotics, mixed antibiotics and antibiotics from different water sources. The photocatalytic activity only decreased by 7.69 % after 3 cycles. Furthermore, the possible photocatalytic degradation pathway and photocatalytic mechanism of OTC were proposed. The excellent photocatalytic performance of La-Bi 2 WO 6 /CdS is for that the doping of La3+ and the construction of direct Z-scheme heterojunction enhances the visible light absorption capacity and separation efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. This paper reports a new method, which can provide a reference for the design and development of visible light responsive photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A morphology-maintaining DMP-Cu decorated by DMTZ was prepared and characterized. • The CHP facilely served as the source of metal and in situ converted to MOF shell. • A SPE method with AFS was developed for the determination of trace mercury in rice. • The Hg2+adsorption were fitted by pseudo second-order kinetics and Langmuir model. • XPS and Raman spectra verified the interaction between Hg2+ and S/N groups on DMP-Cu. A novel copper hydroxy phosphate@MOF composite DMP-Cu decorated by 2, 5-dimercapto-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol was facilely prepared and characterized. A dispersive SPE strategy using DMP-Cu as adsorbent combined with atomic fluorescence spectroscopy was developed for the selective capture of trace total mercury in rice sample. The adsorption mechanism showed that the Hg2+ removal process was fitted with pseudo second-order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption model. The adsorbent was easy to be regenerated and the maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of Hg2+ was 249.5 mg g−1 at the optimal pH of 4. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Raman spectra verified the selective and strong interaction between Hg2+ and thiol/nitrogen-containing functional groups of DMTZ on DMP-Cu. The trace total mercury in rice samples was determined with detection limit of 0.0125 ng mL−1 and relative standard deviation below 6%. The high recoveries were obtained in range of 98.8–109% for the spiked rice samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel microlaminated PCM is developed based on a unique two-step BFC and compression routine. • PEG is in-situ encapsulated on rGO-C skeleton by the hydrogen-bond crosslinking of MXene and PVA. • Microlaminated GCMP isochronally combines ultrahigh in-plane TC, admirable EMI SE, and anti-leakage capability. • GCMP exhibits application potential in microelectronic cooling and energy storage/conversion systems. Exploiting an advanced phase change material (PCM) isochronally combining superior thermal conductivity (TC) and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency (EMI SE) is in desperate desire but extremely challenging for integrated and high-frequency microelectronics. Herein, inspired by the architecture of millefeuille cake, a novel multi-level assembly design of microlaminated graphene-carbon/MXene-encapsulated PCM (GCMP), is proposed based on a unique two-step bidirectional freeze-casting (BFC) and compression routine. Biaxial-oriented graphene-carbon skeleton (rGO-C) is manufactured by 1st BFC and subsequent thermal annealing. In 2nd BFC, MXene and poly(vinyl alcohol), containing hydrogen-bond binding sites, are selected as "physical crosslinking agents" to in-situ encapsulate polyethylene glycol on the surfaces of rGO-C skeleton. Notably, the tailored GCMP achieves ultrahigh in-plane TC of 20.96 W m−1 K−1 and admirable EMI SE up to ∼70.5 dB, together with the available latent heat of 153.8 J cm−3, superior anti-leakage capability, and remarkable thermal reliability. Furtherly, the GCMP-supported devices are separately demonstrated for high-efficiency thermal management in microelectronic cooling and solar-thermoelectric conversion. This work opens a new avenue toward the multi-level micronano structure design of multi-function macro-PCM, which is highly desirable in next-generation electronics, energy storage/conversion systems, aeronautic/military sectors, and artificial intelligence domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have been explored as potential chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, their application is still hindered by the low column efficiency, high back pressure and the difficulty in column packing due to the irregular shapes and wide size distributions of CMOF particles. Here we report an efficient one-pot method for the immobilization of chiral MOF [Cu 2 ((+)-Cam) 2 Dabco] (Cu 2 C 2 D) onto microspheric silica particles, generating a uniform core-shell microsphere with SiO 2 @CMOF@CMOF morphology as CSP packing material. Significantly, the shell thickness and the corresponding column efficiency could be rationally regulated by controlling the growth cycles of [Cu 2 ((+)-Cam) 2 Dabco]. The structure of developed core-shell microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), N 2 adsorption experiments, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanism involved in the chromatographic separation is the multi-interactions including hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding, etc. Based on these interactions, successful separation could be achieved among different types of racemic compounds such as carboxylic acid, ketones and phenols under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) condition. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) value of the retention time for TNPTO was below 1.1% (n = 5), indicating the good repeatability and stability of the chiral SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 column for HPLC enantioseparation. The results reveal that the CMOF coating approach is convenient to fabricate CSP with pre-designed functions of good recognition performance and to facilitate the evolution of CSP in chiral HPLC. Furthermore, the SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 column was successfully employed for the determination of the enantiomeric excess value for TNPTO in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction. Chiral metal-organic frameworks (CMOFs) have been explored as potential chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for chiral high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, their application is still hindered by the low column efficiency, high back pressure and the difficulty in column packing due to the irregular shapes and wide size distributions of CMOF particles. Here we report an efficient one-pot method for the immobilization of chiral MOF [Cu 2 ((+)-Cam) 2 Dabco] (Cu 2 C 2 D) onto microspheric silica particles, generating a uniform core-shell microsphere with SiO 2 @CMOF@CMOF morphology as CSP packing material. Significantly, the shell thickness and the corresponding column efficiency could be rationally regulated by controlling the growth cycles of [Cu 2 ((+)-Cam) 2 Dabco]. The structure of developed core-shell microspheres were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), N 2 adsorption experiments, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and thermogravimetric analysis. Mechanism involved in the chromatographic separation is the multi-interactions including hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding, etc. Based on these interactions, successful separation could be achieved among different types of racemic compounds such as carboxylic acid, ketones and phenols under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC) condition. In addition, the relative standard deviation (RSD%) value of the retention time for TNPTO was below 1.1% (n = 5), indicating the good repeatability and stability of the chiral SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 column for HPLC enantioseparation. The results reveal that the CMOF coating approach is convenient to fabricate CSP with pre-designed functions of good recognition performance and to facilitate the evolution of CSP in chiral HPLC. Furthermore, the SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 column was successfully employed for the determination of the enantiomeric excess value for TNPTO in the asymmetric Michael addition reaction. Image 1 • Chiral core-shell SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D prepared by layer-by-layer growth were fabricated and characterized. • The column packed with SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 showed with low back pressure and high column efficiency. • The shell thickness and column efficiency could be tuned by controlling the growth cycles of Cu 2 C 2 D. • The chiral separation performance of SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 was evaluated by a series of racemic mixtures. • The SiO 2 @Cu 2 C 2 D-2 column was employed for the determination of ee value in the asymmetric reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design and synthesis of new filtration materials for high-temperature particulate matter capture are of both technological and scientific importance but still remain a challenging task. In the current work, we presented an approach for the manufacturing of highly porous SiC cellular ceramics by combining polyether polyol-modified carbon black with polyurethane foaming method. Hydroxyl groups were introduced to the surface of carbon black to prevent agglomeration. As-obtained SiC cellular ceramic possed three-dimensional interconnected reticular architecture with the abundant micron-sized window on its cell wall. The resulting porous SiC ceramic exhibited a high removal efficiency (95.8%) with extremely low pressure drop (38 Pa). The successful fabrication of such fascinating material may provide new insights for high-temperature particulate matter filtration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]