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A novel electrochemical biosensor with excellent performance was fabricated for levofloxacin (LEV) detection, which adopted triangular Ag nanoplates (Tri-AgNP) confined in a poly-L-cysteine (poly-L-Cys) film and a semiconducting covalent organic framework (COF) as the electrochemical sensing material. The developed electrochemical sensor revealed excellent analytical properties because of its good electrical conductivity, fast electron transfer, and abundant bioactive site. Based on this, a linear relationship between the LEV concentration and the peak current response at 0.92 V was obtained under the optimal experimental conditions by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), with a wide linear range of 0.05 to 600 μM and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0061 μM. The prepared sensor also realized sensitive and accurate determination of LEV in human serum and urine samples by standard addition method, with satisfactory recoveries (97.1 to 104%) and a low relative standard deviation of less than 4.6%. These results indicated that the novel ternary system has a promising application in the development of electrochemical signal probe and electrochemical biosensing platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have received tremendous interest due to their structural diversity and versatility. These unique physicochemical properties make them exhibit great application potential in the field of electrochemical sensor. In this study, an imine bond-linked COF with porosity and large specific surface area was fabricated by a dehydration condensation reaction between 1, 3, 5-tris(4-formylphenyl)benzene (TFPB) and 1, 3, 5-tris(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and combined with high electrical conductivity of oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotube (Ox-MWCNT). The structure of the COF and the resulted composite material were confirmed through a series of characterization techniques, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, then a co-modified glassy carbon electrode was constructed for simple, sensitive and selective electrochemical recognition of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The fabricated electrochemical sensor displayed a strong current response to both DA and UA in the phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at pH = 6.5. The synergistic effect between COFs and Ox-MWCNT effectively improved the analytical sensitivity for the target analytes. Under optimized experimental conditions, the method showed good performance for DA and UA in the concentration range of 0.6–250.0 μM with low detection limits of 0.073 μM and 0.063 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. Moreover, the proposed sensor exhibited high selectivity, longtime stability, desirable repeatability and acceptable reproducibility and can be used to analyze simultaneously DA and UA in biological and medicine samples with satisfactory results. Our work not only provides a simple way to detect DA and UA quantitatively in real samples, but also offers a new platform for COF-based composite application in electrochemical sensing. [Display omitted] • TFPB-TAPB-COF is prepared via a simple solvothermal method. • TFPB-TAPB-COF/Ox-MWCNT/GCE is fabricated for sensing of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). • The sensor has low detection limits and wide linear ranges for detection DA and UA. • The sensor is successfully applied to the determination of DA and UA in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ) are highly toxic organic phenolic compounds and they possess immeasurable harm to human health and the environment. Their simultaneous detection can provide valuable reference for the environment protection and human health. In this work, an imine bond-linked covalent organic framework (COF) was fabricated via a facile solvothermal method and then cooperated with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to construct a novel electrochemical sensor. The petal-shaped COF provides large specific surface area, and MWCNTs remarkably improve the conductivity of the resulted modified electrode. Co-modification of the COF and MWCNTs to glassy carbon electrode (GCE) leads to a three-dimensional structure and significant synergy. Under the optimal experimental conditions, good linear relationships are obtained over the concentration range from 4.0 to 450 μM for simultaneous determination of CC and HQ and the detection limits are 0.36 μM and 0.38 μM, respectively. The proposed electrochemical sensor shows excellent repeatability, reproducibility, stability, anti-interference and can be exploited to detect simultaneously CC and HQ in Yellow River water and tap water samples. [Display omitted] • TFPPy-BD-COF/MWCNT/GCE shows high electrocatalytic ability catechol(CC) and hydroquinone(HQ). • The prepared electrochemical sensor has low detection limit and wide linear range for detection CC and HQ. • The sensor has been successfully applied to the determination of catechol and hydroquinone in real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been demonstrated to participate in plant growth and development as well as response to different biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the knowledge of lncRNA was limited in microalgae. In this study, by RNA deep sequencing, 134 lncRNAs were identified in marine Nannochloropsis oceanica in response to carbon dioxide fluctuation. Among them, there were 51 lncRNAs displayed differentially expressed between low and high CO 2 treatments, including 33 upregulation and 18 downregulation lncRNAs. Cellulose metabolic process, glucan metabolic process, polysaccharide metabolic process, and transmembrane transporter activity were functionally enriched. Multiple potential target genes of lncRNA and lncRNA-mRNA co-located gene network were analyzed. Subsequent analysis had demonstrated that lncRNAs would participate in many biological molecular processes, including gene expression, transcriptional regulation, protein expression and epigenetic regulation. In addition, alternative splicing events were firstly analyzed in response to CO 2 fluctuation. There were 2051 alternative splicing (AS events) identified, which might be associated with lncRNA. These observations will provide a novel insight into lncRNA function in Nannochloropsis and provide a series of targets for lncRNA-based gene editing in future. • lncRNAs were firstly identified in marine Nannochloropsis oceanica. • Differentially expressed lncRNAs were screened in response to CO 2 fluctuation. • lncRNAs exhibited differential expression in response to CO 2 fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of reactive nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) supplementation on ecosystem dynamics of soil organic matter (SOM) shows extensive variations. The underlying mechanisms of regulation of the chemical composition and dynamics of different SOM density fractions (DFs) in aggregates in a desert steppe by N and P supplementation are unclear. Here, the chemical composition and organic carbon (C) and N dynamics of various SOM DFs under N and P addition were assessed. Surface soil samples taken at 0–10 cm depth were obtained from 4-year (2017–2021) experiments under four conditions, namely N treatment, P treatment, combined N and P treatment (NP), and no nutrient supplementation (CK), in a desert steppe located in northern China. Nutrient supplementation significantly increased (P < 0.05) SOM content by 8.89–35.4%; however, the total N content remained constant. N addition mainly increased SOM content in the macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), while P enhanced SOM in microaggregates (0.25–0.053 mm) and silt-clay (<0.053 mm). The fine particulate organic matter (fPOM) proportion was increased significantly (P < 0.05) by 18.4% and 16.4% in macro- and microaggregates under N addition, respectively; P addition mainly enhanced mineral-associated SOM (mSOM) proportion in aggregates. N supplementation remarkably enhanced (P < 0.05) fPOM's organic C content by 27.3% and 32.0%, and N content by 40.9% and 145.7% in macro- and microaggregates, respectively. Single N and P addition promoted the enrichment of labile and resistant organic components in light fraction (LF), respectively. N promoted the enrichment of stable organic components in the mSOM of microaggregates. Nutrient inputs drive mSOM formation through the interaction of carboxyl-C and mineral surface. Based on a stronger δ13C and δ15N signal, N addition enhanced SOM decomposition in aggregates. Nutrient supplementation promoted SOM accumulation through the formation of more stable old C in POM and silt-clay. Our findings suggest that SOM accumulation in desert steppe probably increases following nutrient addition, but the mechanism is different through which N or P enrichment affects soil dynamics and chemical composition of SOM DFs in desert steppe. • The proportion of fPOM and mSOM were increased under N and P addition, respectively. • N supplementation can promote the accumulation of fPOM fractions with C and N in macroaggregates. • Supplementation with P and N enriched labile and resistant organic components in light fraction, respectively. • Nutrient input drives the formation of mSOM by the interaction of carboxyl-C and mineral surface. • Nutrient addition promoted accumulation of SOM by forming more stable old C in POM and silt-clay [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active hydrodynamics and complex circulation patterns in the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGoM) provide a dynamic scenario to investigate mesoscale responses of the size structure of phytoplankton communities to environmental variability. In this study, a large in-situ dataset acquired in inland, estuarine and coastal waters of the nGoM and U.S. East Coast were utilized to achieve a regional parameterization of the red-NIR ratio-based chlorophyll a (Chl a) algorithm for the high-spatial and spectral resolution Sentinel 3-OLCI ocean color sensor. Using an adaptive scheme, the algorithm was used in combination with other standard Chl a algorithms such as the Neural Network (C2RCC) and OC4ME to optimally extract Chl a in water types ranging from turbid estuarine to clear oceanic waters in the nGoM. This adaptive methodology (Chl a_AD) showed better performance in estimating OLCI-Chl a (R2=0.84, N = 178) compared to any single algorithm in the estuarine-coastal-ocean waters of the nGoM. Next, OLCI-derived phytoplankton spectral absorption coefficients (OLCI-a phy) were obtained for comparison, using a regionally-tuned 3rd order function of OLCI-Chl a based on Multi-regression (MR), and an estuarine-to-ocean adaptive Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA-AD). Finally, an Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) algorithm was applied to OLCI-a phy to retrieve phytoplankton size fractions (PSFs) for the river-dominated nGoM region. Results indicate relatively better performance of MR-EOF in estimating f micro (R2=0.87), f nano (R2=0.76) and f pico (R2=0.64) compared to QAA-AD-EOF. Chl a time-series (Oct 2016 – Jan 2020) obtained in the estuaries and shelf waters of the nGoM revealed seasonality (peak/lows in spring/fall) linked to river discharge, where hydrodynamics and wind driven variability due to storms further influenced the phytoplankton biomass spatiotemporal distribution. Microphytoplankton dominated in estuaries and the nGOM inner shelf waters, including the midshelf region during the spring peak river discharge period. PSF dynamics in the outer shelf is strongly influenced by Loop Current eddies where warm offshore waters contribute to the dominance of the picophytoplankton fraction. Floodwater discharge and strong winds due to Hurricane Barry (2019) transported estuarine microphytoplankton into the outer shelf and also increased nanophytoplankton fraction. Such fluctuations in phytoplankton size structure after hurricanes or storms can modify the pelagic food web dynamics in coastal systems. • An adaptive Chlorophyll a algorithm is developed for Sentinel 3A/B-OLCI • Phytoplankton size fraction algorithm based on empirical orthogonal function (EOF) • Spatiotemporal responses of micro-, nano- and pico-phytoplankton were assessed in the nGoM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of Review: To evaluate the status of elevated blood pressure in Chinese children and adolescents, and identify potential influence factors. Recent Findings: We searched PubMed, the Web of science, the WanFang, the VIP, and the CNKI to identify articles that were published from Jan 1, 1997, to May 30, 2019. We used random effects models to estimate the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure, and heterogeneity among the studies was assessed with Cochran's Q statistic. The potential source of heterogeneity was explored by meta-regression and subgroup comparisons using Q test based on ANOVA. Fifty-nine studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and the prevalence of elevated blood pressure ranged from 2.2 to 26.4%. The meta-analysis included 25 studies (341,281 participants), and the pooled prevalence of elevated blood pressure was 9.8% (95% CI 7.9, 11.9). The prevalence of elevated blood pressure in the obese children (34.1%, 95% CI 26.9, 41.7) and overweight children (15.5%, 95% CI 10.1, 21.7) was much higher than that in the normal or underweight children (5.0%, 95% CI 2.4, 8.4). Fluctuating trends in the prevalence of elevated blood pressure both in the total sample of Chinese children and adolescents and in each subgroup were observed from 2007 to 2014. Summary: Our study showed that prevalence of elevated blood pressure in children and adolescents in China was in the medium level in the world. Primary prevention for childhood hypertension should be implemented and focus on weight control and healthy lifestyle habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Newborn telomere length (TL) is considered a potential marker for future disease and lifelong health, but few epidemiological studies have examined the determinants of TL in early life. The study aim was to investigate whether there is an association between prenatal cadmium exposure and relative cord blood TL in Chinese newborns.Methods: Participants were 410 mother-newborn pairs drawn from a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Wuhan, China, between November 2013 and March 2015. Urine samples were collected from pregnant women during their period of institutional delivery. Urinary cadmium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction detection was used to measure relative TL using genomic DNA isolated from umbilical cord blood leukocytes. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of prenatal urinary cadmium concentration on relative cord blood TL.Results: The geometric mean of maternal urinary cadmium concentration was 0.68 μg/g creatinine. In the multivariate-adjusted linear regression model, per doubling of maternal urinary cadmium concentration was associated with 6.83% (95% CI - 11.44%, - 1.97%; P = 0.006) shorter relative cord blood TL. Stratified analyses indicated that the inverse association between prenatal urinary cadmium and newborn relative TL was more pronounced among female infants and mothers < 29 years, while there were no significant effect modification according to infant sex (P for interaction = 0.907) and maternal age (P for interaction = 0.797).Conclusions: The findings indicated that increased maternal urinary cadmium was associated with shortened relative cord blood TL. The results provide more evidence of the negative effects of environmental cadmium exposure and suggest that accelerated aging or cadmium-related diseases may begin in early life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the methodological quality of massage-related clinical practice guidelines (CPGs)/consensus on massage using the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument and to summarize the current status of recommendations in the CPGs. Methods: The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang Data, China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), China Biology Medicine disc (CBM), PubMed, Embase, and guideline websites (such as the Chinese Medical Ace Base, the China Association of Chinese Medicine, the World Health Organization, Guideline International Network, National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network) were searched from inception to October 31, 2022. In addition, the reference lists of relevant studies were reviewed to identify domestic and overseas massage CPGs/consensus. The search terms adopted a combination of subject words and free words, mainly including traditional Chinese medicine, complementary therapies, Tuina, massage, manipulation, chiropractic/osteopathic, spinal, acupressure, guideline, and consensus. Two researchers independently completed the eligible records and extracted the data. Before the formal research, calibrations were performed twice on AGREE II, and all reviewers completed the pilot test three times until they understood and reached an agreement on the assessment items. Three researchers appraised the methodological quality of the included guidelines using the AGREE II instrument and calculated the overall intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of agreement. Results: The evaluation results showed that among the 49 eligible CPGs/consensus, 4 (8.2%) CPGs/consensus were considered "recommended", 15 (30.6%) CPGs/consensus were considered "recommended with modifications", and 30 (61.2%) CPGs/consensus were considered "not recommended", while the consensus was considered "not recommended". Generally, the scores in the six domains of the guidelines were all higher than the consensus. Evaluation results for the overall quality of 36 CPGs showed that 4 (11%) were "good quality", 15 (42%) were "sufficient quality" and 17 (47%) were "lower quality". The AGREE II quality scores of domains ranged from 0.30 to 0.75 ([ICC = 0.993, 95% CI (0.992, 0.995)]). The domain of scope and purpose (domain 1), with a median score of 0.75 (0.52~0.91), performed best in the guidelines with AGREE II, and stakeholder involvement (domain 2) [median 0.39 (0.31~0.56)] and application (domain 5) [median 0.30 (0.17~0.47] obtained lower scores. The consensus score of domain 1 was better at 26.0 (21.6~44.8), followed by rigor of development (domain 3) with a score of 18.0 (10.0~28.9). A total of 119 massage-related recommendations were extracted from 49 guidelines/consensuses, including "in favor" (102, 85.7%), "against" (9, 7.6%), and "did not make recommendations" (8, 6.7%). Conclusion: The overall quality of the included guidelines was low, and most of the guidelines were not "recommended". In future guideline updates, the existing evidence should be used, the professional composition of members of the expert group should be enriched, and patients' values and preferences should be fully considered. It is necessary to clearly propose recognizable recommendations and strengthen the rigor and standardization of guideline formulation. Thus, clear standard guidelines can be formulated to better guide clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dissolved and particulate organic carbon, suspended particulate matter concentrations, and their optical proxies colored dissolved organic matter absorption and backscattering coefficients were studied in Galveston Bay, Texas, following the extreme flooding of Houston and surrounding areas due to Hurricane Harvey (25–29 August 2017) using field and ocean color observations. A three‐step empirical‐semianalytic algorithm for determination of colored dissolved organic matter absorption and backscattering coefficients revealed the dynamics of dissolved organic carbon and particle distribution from Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometric Suite ocean color. Environmental drivers, especially floodwater discharge and winds, strongly influenced the spatiotemporal distribution of dissolved/particulate material in the bay and shelf waters following the hurricane passage. Over 10 days during/following the hurricane, ~25.2 × 106 kg C of total organic carbon and ~314.7 × 106 kg of suspended particulate matter were rapidly exported from Galveston Bay (representing ~0.65% and 0.27% of respective annual Mississippi River fluxes to the Gulf of Mexico), with potential for ecological impacts to shelf waters. Plain Language Summary: Hurricane Harvey (25–29 August 2017), after making landfall on the Texas coast, deposited unprecedented rainfall (>500 mm) that caused widespread flooding in the highly industrialized Houston Metropolitan and surrounding areas with potential for elevated levels of dissolved and particulate matter in the floodwaters discharging into Galveston Bay. We used a combination of field and satellite ocean color observations to examine the hurricane impact of Hurricane Harvey on the dissolved organic carbon and suspended particulate matter concentrations and their optical proxies in Galveston Bay and surrounding coastal ocean. Results of this study indicate that estimate of fluxes of material exported from Galveston Bay to the coastal waters over a 10‐day period during/following Hurricane Harvey was similar to that exported by a large river. Key Points: Floodwater impact on Galveston Bay optical‐geochemical properties was observed even 1 month following Hurricane HarveyOcean color algorithms applied to VIIRS imagery revealed spatiotemporal response of dissolved and particulate matter following HarveyOrganic carbon exported from Galveston Bay to shelf waters during/following Hurricane Harvey was comparable to that of a large river [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between maternal age at menarche and newborn telomere length which has been linked to lifespan and many age-related diseases. There were 734 mother-newborn pairs recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Age at menarche was self-reported and categorized into three groups (≤ 12 years, 13 years, and ≥ 14 years). Telomere length in cord blood was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and expressed as the ratio of telomere copy number to single-copy gene number (T/S). The mean age at menarche of 734 mothers was 13.1 (± 1.1) years and the adjusted geometric means in the T/S of newborn telomeres in the three groups were 0.693, 0.721, and 0.748 respectively. Earlier age at menarche (≤ 12 years), compared with later age at menarche ≥ 14 years, was significantly associated with 7.32% (95% CI - 13.70%, - 0.23%) shorter telomere length in offspring after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusion: Mothers with earlier age at menarche were more likely to give birth newborn with shorter telomere length. Our study provides evidences for the effect of earlier menarche on fetal telomere programming in offspring. What is Known: • Newborn telomere length is considered an indicator of lifespan and health outcomes in later life. • The adverse effects of earlier menarche age to their offspring have been found, but its relationship with newborn telomere length has not been assessed before. What is New: • This is the first study to explore the relationship of maternal menarche age with newborn telomere length. • We provided primary evidence that earlier maternal age at menarche was associated with shorter newborn telomere length. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme events and disturbances (e.g., tropical cyclones, extreme precipitation, and flooding often associated with land falling storms) affect aquatic carbon (C) cycling at multiple spatiotemporal scales and are most impactful in the coastal ocean with highly connected ecosystems that include rivers, estuaries, wetlands, and the continental shelf. Satellite remote sensing with its synoptic and repeated coverage over large regions and across a range of environmental conditions - including severe weather and natural disasters, has the potential to greatly expand our ability to monitor and quantify the impacts of extreme events on C cycling, particularly in the coastal zone. This review presents recent studies that have employed a combination of field data, numerical model simulations, and multiple resolution satellite observations to assess the impacts of extreme events on the fluxes, transport, and cycling of dissolved (DOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in the coastal zone, across the continuum of tidal wetlands, estuaries, and shelf waters. Our review highlights the challenges in quantifying C cycling across the coastal interface and examines key research needs and opportunities (e.g., sensor capabilities and algorithms) to better integrate ocean color remote sensing with field and modeling efforts to improve estimates of lateral C fluxes between wetlands, estuaries, and the shelf at local, regional, and global scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Menopause is identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease because of the change of estrogen. The objective of the study was to explore the associations between early age at natural menopause (menopause at an age ≤ 45 years) and the presence of CHD and stroke. Methods The study subjects were from the first follow-up survey of the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. A total of 16,515 postmenopausal women were included for the analysis. Logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between age at natural menopause (≤ 45, 45–52, > 52 years) and the presence of CHD and stroke adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, reproductive history and metabolic factors. Results In the fully adjusted model, for each 1-year delay in menopausal age, the prevalence of CHD and stroke was reduced by 3% (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.98) and 5% (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92–0.98), respectively. Women with early menopause (≤ 45 years) had a higher prevalence of CHD (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.13–1.57) compared with those with menopause at ages 45–52 years. Similarly, women with early menopause (≤ 45 years) was associated with higher prevalence of stroke (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25–2.30) compared with those with menopause at ages 45–52 years. Conclusions Early age at natural menopause is significantly associated with the presence of CHD and stroke among Chinese women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metal porous carbon (Ni@NC) supported nickel/cobalt layered double hydroxide (NiCo-LDH) (Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH) with a cauliflower morphology was synthesized by a successive double template method. At first a nickel metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) was prepared and used as a sacrifice template to produce metal porous carbon (Ni@NC). Then the prepared conductive porous carbon material was exploited as a substrate for in-situ growing of ZIF-67 on its surface. Lastly the obtained Ni@NC@ZIF-67 was further used as a sacrifice template to prepare the final electrode material Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH by Ni2+ etching and co-precipitation. The cooperation of Ni@NC with excellent conductivity and NiCo-LDH with superior pseudocapacitive property yielded a synergistic effect, which effectively improved the electrochemical performance of the resulted electrode material. And the special flower morphology exposed more redox active sites and provided proper charge transport path for enhanced electrochemical performance. The prepared Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH exhibited a high specific capacitance of 1761.8 F·g−1 at the current density of 1 A·g−1. The assembled Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH//AC asymmetric supercapacitor also displayed an acceptable energy density (39.27 Wh·kg−1 at the power density of 757.21 W·kg−1) and ultrahigh cycling stability (94.74% capacitance retention after 25000 cycles at 10 A g−1). [Display omitted] • Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH was prepared by combination of Ni@NC and NiCo-LDH for the first time. • Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH had a big specific capacitance. • The assembled supercapacitor with Ni@NC@NiCo-LDH and AC had excellent cycle stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an electrochemical sensor for the sensitive detection of guanine and adenine was constructed, which was modified only by nitrogen-rich covalent organic framework (TQBQ-COF) without other conductive additives. TQBQ-COF was synthesized by a condensation reaction of triquinoyl (TQ) and tetramino-benzoquinone (TABQ). Its rich nitrogen content and porosity provided a strong enrichment ability for guest molecules and full conjugated structure ensured high electrical conductivity, which allowed it to be employed as an electrochemical sensing material for sensitive detection of guanine and adenine. The conductivity of TQBQ-COF was 6.06 × 10−3 S/cm (301 K, 45%) by using four-terminal method ST2722-SD with a ST2643 high resistance meter. The electrochemical performances of the COF/GCE were verified by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The detection limits of guanine and adenine on COF/GCE were 0.20 μM and 0.33 μM, and the linear ranges were 1.5–150 μM and 0.6–150 μM, respectively. Moreover, the suggested sensor had remarkable stability and anti-interference performance, as well as excellent repeatability. It displayed a high accuracy when analysing the real sample. Therefore, TQBQ-COF with semiconducting property becomes a simple and effective candidate in the field of electrochemical sensing. [Display omitted] • A simple electrochemical sensor based on a full conjugated nitrogen-rich COF without conductive additive was reported. • TQBQ-COF had high conductivity and rich nitrogen content. • COF/GCE had sensitive and selective responses for guanine (G) and adenine (A). • The sensor could be used to detect G and A in actual samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our recent study reported the existence of internal solitary waves with the diurnal tidal cycle (ISW-D) in the Sulu Sea, however, the three-dimensional characteristics and generation mechanism of ISW-D are still unclear (Huang et al., 2023). In this work, the spatial–temporal characteristics, generation mechanism and propagating process of ISW-D in the Sulu Sea are first preliminary investigated based on high-temporal-resolution Geostationary Orbiting Satellite (GOS) images and high-spatial-resolution two-dimensional numerical model (MITgcm). GOS images from 2018-2022 are retrieved and a total of 13 pairs of ISW-D packets are found. ISW-D occur at spring tide during May–August, with an average interpacket distance of 198 km and a phase speed of 2.30 m/s. To further knowledge of the generation mechanism and propagation process of ISW-D, the non-linear and non-hydrostatic numerical simulations are conducted. The comparison of ISW-D parameters with GOS images proves the validity of numerical simulations. The results of numerical simulations and theoretical parameters indicate that ISW-D are generated at the sill near Pearl Bank by internal tide release mechanism. Moreover, three sensitivity experiments are designed to investigate the effects of tidal force and seawater stratification on the generation and propagation of ISW-D. The results reveal that the ISW-D is generated by diurnal tides with stronger intensity than semidiurnal tides. Seawater stratification does not influence the generation of ISW-D but modulates the propagation process. Phase speeds from GOS images and theoretical model show a positive correlation between the phase speeds of ISW-D and the intensity of seawater stratification. • The first study on diurnal internal solitary waves (ISW-D) in the Sulu Sea. • Spatial–temporal features of ISW-D are revealed by Geostationary orbit satellites. • The ISW-D is generated by internal tide release mechanism. • Seawater stratification modulates the propagation speed of ISW-D. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The first study to investigate the associations of prenatal rare earth elements exposure with newborn mitochondrial DNA content. • The decreased newborn mitochondrial DNA content was associated with prenatal rare earth elements exposure. • The third trimester was the susceptible window to rare earth elements exposure. Rare earth elements (REE) have been widely used in industry and agriculture. Mitochondria are susceptible to environmental exposure and the change of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content is a proxy indicator of mitochondrial response to damage. However, no study has explored the associations between prenatal repeated REE exposure and newborn mtDNA content. We aimed to investigate the trimester-specific associations between prenatal REE exposure and newborn mtDNA content. A total of 587 mother-newborn pairs were recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital between November 2013 and March 2015 in Wuhan, China. Urinary concentrations of REE collected during 3 trimesters were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to measure relative cord blood mtDNA content. We evaluated the trimester-specific associations between prenatal REE exposure and relative cord blood mtDNA content with multiple informant models. False discovery rate (FDR) was used to correct for multiple testing. After adjustment for potential confounders, prenatal exposure to REE [gadolinium (Gd), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), praseodymium (Pr)] during the third trimester were positively related to cord blood mtDNA content, and the positive associations with cord blood mtDNA content were still observed in Dy, Er, and Pr after FDR correction. This prospective study demonstrated that maternal REE exposure during the third trimester was associated with the increased newborn mtDNA content, and the third trimester might be a potential window for sensitivity of newborn mtDNA content to REE exposure. The results might provide evidence of the potential health effects of environmental REE exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor Eu/CDs@UiO-66-(COOH) 2 was synthesized. • Eu/CDs@UiO-66-(COOH) 2 had high structural and fluorescence stability in aqueous solution. • The probe was used for sensitive and selective detection of CO 3 2– in actual samples. Carbonate ion (CO 3 2–) is an anion essential for the maintenance of life activities and is of great importance to human health. Here, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe Eu/CDs@UiO-66-(COOH) 2 (ECU) was prepared by introducing europium ions (Eu3+) and carbon dots (CDs) into the UiO-66-(COOH) 2 parent framework under the guidance of a post-synthetic modification strategy and used for the detection of CO 3 2– ion in the aqueous environment. Interestingly, when CO 3 2– ions were added to the ECU suspension, the characteristic emission of carbon dots at 439 nm was significantly enhanced, while the characteristic emission of Eu3+ ions at 613 nm was reduced. Therefore, the detection of CO 3 2– ions can be realized through the peak height ratio of the two emissions. The probe had a low detection limit (about 1.08 μM) and a wide linear range (0–350 μM) for the detection of carbonate. In addition, the presence of CO 3 2– ions can cause a significant ratiometric luminescence response and resulted obvious red-to-blue color shift of the ECU under UV light, which will facilitate visual analysis by the naked eye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uric acid and dopamine are closely related to the health of the organism, so it is important to determine them simultaneously and efficiently. In this paper, the metal-organic framework DUT-67 was in situ grown on the surface of bimetallic oxide ZnCo 2 O 4 nanoflowers, and then ultrasonically compounded with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to prepare DUT-67/ZnCo 2 O 4 -MWCNTs composite. The prepared composite was characterized by XRD, SEM, XPS, FTIR, BET and other techniques. Finally, an electrochemical sensor based on DUT-67/ZnCo 2 O 4 -MWCNTs composite modified glassy carbon electrode for simultaneous detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) was fabricated. The introduction of ZnCo 2 O 4 into the composite efficiently overcame the disadvantage of the easy aggregation of DUT-67 and produced a synergistic effect with MWCNTs. The electron transfer rate between the electrode and the electrolyte solution was accelerated, and the detection signals of the target molecules were amplified. After characterizing the electrochemical properties of the composite electrode, it was found that the constructed electrochemical sensor showed low detection limits for DA and UA, which were 12 nM and 8.7 nM, respectively, and the wide linear range of 1.0–180.0 μM. Besides, the sensor had excellent reproducibility, repeatability, anti-interference and stability. The proposed sensor was also successfully used to determine the contents of DA and UA in dopamine injection and urine samples with relatively satisfactory recovery rates. This work not only provides a new strategy for the preparation of MOF modified electrodes, but also has a potential application prospect in bioassays. [Display omitted] • DUT-67 aggregation was eliminated and SSA was enhanced by introducing ZnCo 2 O 4 nanoflower. • Synergistic effect of MWCNTs and DUT-67/ZnCo 2 O 4 improves the electrochemical performance. • DUT-67/ZnCo 2 O 4 -MWCNTs/GCE realizes simultaneous detection of DA and UA with high sensitivity. • This work provides a new strategy for preparation of MOFs based electrochemical sensor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • TFP-DAAQ-COF modifier has high specific surface area and good electrical conductivity. • The porous WC has excellent electrical and high adsorption capacity to target molecules. • The propose sensor has wide linearity and low detection limits for detection ACOP and 4-AP. In this article, a novel and simple electrochemical sensing platform has been developed for the simultaneous and sensitive determination of acetaminophen (ACOP) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP). The porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) material with β-ketoenamine-linkage was successfully synthesized via 1,3,5-triformylphloroglucinol (TFP) and 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone (DAAQ) and named as TFP-DAAQ-COF. High conductivity walnut shells-derived carbon (WC), amine-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH 2 -MWCNTs) with multiple active sites and TFP-DAAQ-COF were combined to obtain composite materials, which were used to modify bare glass carbon electrodes (GCE) and realize the electrochemical analysis of ACOP and 4-AP. The experiments showed that the composite electrode had a strong synergistic effect and exhibited a good electrocatalytic oxidation ability for the two target analytes. The linearity ranges of ACOP and 4-AP were 0.5 ∼ 200 μM and 1.0 ∼ 250 μM, respectively and the detection limits (S/N = 3) were 0.12 μM and 0.18 μM. In addition, the sensor showed acceptable reproducibility, stability and excellent selectivity. The recovery was satisfactory, when it was used to analyze the contents of ACOP and 4-AP in real samples, indicating that the sensor was feasible in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arginine (Arg) is considered a valuable biomarker for various diseases, including cystinuria, and its concentration level holds significant implications for human health. To achieve the purposes of food evaluation and clinical diagnosis, it is imperative to develop a rapid and facile method for selective and sensitive determination of Arg. In this work, a novel fluorescent material (Ag/Eu/CDs@UiO-66) was synthesized by encapsulating carbon dots (CDs), Eu3+ and Ag + into UiO-66. This material can serve as a ratiometric fluorescent probe for detecting Arg. It exhibits a high sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.74 μM and a relatively broad linear range from 0–300 μM. After dispersing the composite Ag/Eu/CDs@UiO-66 in an Arg solution, the red emission of Eu3+ center at 613 nm was significantly enhanced, while the characteristic peak of CDs center at 440 nm remained unchanged. Therefore, a ratio fluorescence probe could be constructed based on the peak height ratio of the two emission peaks to achieve selective detection of Arg. In addition, the remarkable ratiometric luminescence response induced by Arg results in a significant color transition from blue to red under UV-lamp for Ag/Eu/CDs@UiO-66, which was convenient for visual analysis. [Display omitted] • A ratiometric fluorescent probe Ag/Eu/CDs@UiO-66 realized biomarker detection of cystinuria. • A green, simple and eco-friendly method is used to synthesize CDs. • Arginine in real samples was detected by the proposed fluorescent probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor Eu3+/CDs@UiO-66 was synthesized by post-synthesis modifying of UiO-66, a zirconium-based MOF formed by 1,4-phthalic acid (PTA) and Zr4+ , with europium ion (Eu3+) and carbon dots (CDs) and utilized for the determination of Cu2+ ions. The prepared composites not only maintain the excellent optical properties of CDs and Eu3+ but also have good stability in an aqueous solution. At the excitation wavelength of 299 nm, Eu3+/CDs@UiO-66 has two distinct emission peaks at 394 nm and 615 nm, respectively. More interestingly, when the material was dispersed in an aqueous solution containing Cu2+ ions, the characteristic peak of Eu3+ at 615 nm decreased significantly, while the characteristic peak of CDs at 394 nm remained unchanged. In the range of 0–500 μM, the relative fluorescence intensity ratio (F 394 /F 615) linearly increased with increasing Cu2+ ion concentration, and the detection limit was calculated to be 51 nM (3S b /K sv). At the same time, the material can also be effectively applied to the detection of Cu2+ in environmental water samples. So Eu3+/CDs@UiO-66 can be developed as a potential ratiometric fluorescent sensor to detect Cu2+ ions. [Display omitted] • A novel dual-emission ratiometric fluorescent sensor is fabricated for Cu2+ sensing • CDs is prepared with environmentally friendly Pinellia pinellia as raw material. • This method is beneficial for copper visual analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the in-situ growth of covalent organic framework materials on polyaniline (TFAB-COF@PANI) was accomplished using a facile one-pot approach. For the microanalysis of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on the TFAB-COF@PANI complex modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed. The X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and nitrogen desorption test were used to characterize the materials. The electrochemical performance of the sensor was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance. Strong synergy was generated by the in-situ growth of TFAB-COF with a large specific surface area on PANI, which not only provides a large number of active sites but also amplifies the response signal of SMX. The resulted sensor displays a broad linear range (1–450 μM) and a low detection limit (0.107 μM) for SMX under optimal conditions. The sensor has been effectively utilized for reliable analysis of environmental water samples because of its high repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and interference resistance. [Display omitted] • For the first time, the in-situ growth of TFAB-COF on polyaniline (PANI) was reported. • TFAB-COF@PAIN had homogeneous morphology and strong electrical conductivity. • TFAB-COF@PAIN/GCE had sensitive and selective responses for sulfamethoxazole (SMX). • The sensor may be employed to monitor SMX in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A hollow structure PZ-20 was prepared by controlling the ligand exchange time. • Hollow structure r-NiCo 2 S 4 with sulfur vacancies for more active sites and redox reactions was synthesized. • The fabricated structure exhibited an ultra-high specific capacitance. • The assembled device presented an high energy density of 43.80 Wh·kg−1 under 800 W·kg−1. Defect and hollow structure on transition metal sulfides can produce abundant active sites and shorten electron/ion diffusion paths, improving the conductivity of electrochemically active materials. In this study, an effective strategy was proposed for preparing r-NiCo 2 S 4 electrode materials with sulfur vacancies and hollow structures and resulted excellent electrochemical performance through ligand exchange followed chemical reduction. Due to the unique structure, the prepared r-NiCo 2 S 4 electrode exhibited excellent specific capacitance (1406.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1) and rate capacity (90.03%). Additionally, a hybrid supercapacitor r-NiCo 2 S 4 //AC HSC was assembled using r-NiCo 2 S 4 as the positive electrode and AC as the negative electrode. It presented an excellent energy density of 43.8 Wh kg−1 under 800 W kg−1 and cycling performance with 93.93% capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This study provided a simple strategy for design and optimization of electrode materials with a unique hollow structure and sulfur vacancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the high electrical conductivity of carbon dots (CDs) and good oxidation-reduction property of polyoxometalates (POMs), a novel CDs coated POMs /metal organic frameworks (POMOFs) composition structure, CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF, was prepared by hydrothermal reaction in this work. PMo 12 was encapsulated in the Ni-MOF framework to form the POMOF composite material, which realized the fixation of water-soluble [PMo 12 O 40 ]3- (PMo 12). A comparison study on the cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) of the resulting CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF with different compositions revealed that 6CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF was better formulation in terms of specific capacity (748.8 C·g−1 at 1 A·g−1) and rate performance (75.93 % at 10 A·g−1). Furthermore, a hybrid supercapacitor device was assembled using 6CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF as positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as negative electrode, which showed an high energy density of 39.22 Wh·kg−1 under 749.9 W·kg−1 and excellent cyclic stability (98.4 % for 20000 cycles at 5 A·g−1). [Display omitted] • Fixation of water-soluble PMo 12 was realized to form POMOF composite material. • CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF has excellent rate performance and cycle stability. • 6CDs@PMo 12 /Ni-MOF exhibits high specific capacitance and energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • S-CTFs nanospheres was prepared and used to build an electrochemical sensor. • Nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4) nanoflowers were in situ formed on S-CTFs. • S-CTFs@NiCo 2 O 4 modified electrode exhibited the outstanding synergetic effect of S-CTFs and NiCo 2 O 4. • The sensor showed high sensitivity for simultaneous detection of ACOP and 4-AP. Owing to the high toxicity of acetaminophen (ACOP) and 4-aminophenol (4-AP) when they are overused, the simultaneous determination of ACOP and 4-AP is crucial. In this present paper, an electrochemical sensor based on the nanocomposite of sulfurbridged covalent triazine frameworks (S-CTFs) and in situ formed nickel cobaltite (NiCo 2 O 4) nanoflowers on S-CTFs, denoted as S-CTFs@NiCo 2 O 4 , was fabricated for the first time for sensitive detection of ACOP and 4-AP. S-CTFs@NiCo 2 O 4 modified electrode exhibited the outstanding synergetic effects of S-CTFs (prominent enrichment ability and large surface area) and NiCo 2 O 4 (excellent electrocatalytic activity). The developed electrode had the advantages of high reproducibility, repeatability, anti-interference and stability, and it exhibited a wide linear concentration range (2 ∼ 360 μM) and a low limit of detection (0.18 μM and 0.35 μM) for ACOP and 4-AP, respectively. In addition, the designed electrochemical sensor was evaluated towards the detecting ACOP and 4-AP in real samples with satisfactory recovery, illustrating that electrode has a broad prospect in the clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In ocean and climate models, the simulation of upper-ocean temperature and salinity depends on mixing parameterizations for ocean surface boundary layer turbulence. Existing mixing parameterizations are based on physical principles with empirical parameters. However, they are still imperfect, leading to biases in the simulation of physical states in the upper ocean. In this study, we explore the use of the data-based machine learning technique, specifically, a deep neural network model, for the effects of vertical mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer. The model is trained using process-oriented simulations of the upper-ocean turbulence driven by realistic forcing conditions at the Ocean Station Papa that is a mid-latitude ocean climate station. The deep neural network model outperforms traditional physics-based parameterizations that relate the mixing effects to surface forcing using deterministic formulas. The deep neural network model is also used to explore two currently debated issues in the development of physics-based mixing parameterizations, including the representation of wave forcing and the history of forcing conditions. • A data-based deep neural network model is trained to parameterize vertical mixing in the ocean surface boundary layer. • The data-based parameterization outperforms traditional physics-based parameterizations. • The use of Stokes drift profile is better than using surface Stokes drift in representing wave effects. • Including the history of forcing conditions improves the parameterization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A dual signal strategy of the fluorescence and scattering was proposed for Hg2+ sensing. • The MIL-68(In)-NH 2 is used for the detection of Hg2+. • The ratio fluorescence sensor displays a wide linear range and low detection limit for Hg2+. Ratio fluorescence has attracted much attention because of its self-calibration properties. However, it is difficult to obtain suitable fluorescent materials with well-resolved signals simultaneously under one excitation. In this work, we report a different strategy, using MIL-68(In)-NH 2 as both the fluorescence element and the scattered light unit, and coupling the fluorescence and the scattered light to construct the fluorescence and scattered light ratio system. Based on the optical properties and the second-order scattering (SOS) of the material nanoparticles, the synthesized MIL-68(In)-NH 2 can be used to realize the ratio detection of Hg2+. Because the scattering intensity of small particle MIL-68(In)-NH 2 is weak, SOS is not obvious. When Hg2+ is introduced the coordination reaction between the amino nitrogen atoms of MIL-68(In)-NH 2 and Hg2+ make the particles larger, resulting in the decrease of fluorescence and the enhancement of SOS. As a result, a novel Hg2+ ratiometric detection method is developed by using the dual signal responses of the fluorescence and scattering. Under the optimal conditions (pH = 6, reaction time 5 min, room temperature, and the maximum excitation wavelength 365 nm), the linear range of the method is 0–100 μM, and the detection limit is 5.8 nM (Ksv = 9.89 × 109 M−1). In addition, the probe is successfully used to evaluate Hg2+ in actual water samples. Compared with the traditional method of recording only the fluorescence signal, the proposed fluorescence-scattering method provides a new strategy for the design of ratiometric sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, a COF based electrochemical sensor is successfully fabricated by employing TFPB-BD-COF prepared through condensation reaction of 1, 3, 5-tris-(4-formylphenyl) benzene (TFPB) and benzidine (BD), in-situ reduced platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) and amino functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH 2 -MWCNTs) as modified materials for sensitive electrochemical determination of catechol (CC), hydroquinone (HQ) and resorcinol (RS) simultaneously. The obtained TFPB-BD-COF/PtNPs/NH 2 -MWCNTs/GCE exhibits superior electrochemical performance compared with those modified by individual components. The oxidation peaks of CC, HQ and RS show good linear response in the concentration ranges of 0.2–360 μM, 0.2–360 μM and 4–360 μM, respectively. The corresponding limits of detection (LODs) of CC, HQ and RS were 0.015 μM, 0.022 μM and 0.26 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, it possesses outstanding selectivity, repeatability, reproducibility and stability. The proposed modified electrode has been successfully applied for the determination of HQ, CC and RS in tap water, Yellow River water and domestic wastewater with satisfactory. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present paper, a novel electrochemical sensor based on a covalent organic framework (COF) and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT S) was prepared for sensitive and selective detection of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA). The sensor demonstrated excellent analytical performance for DA and UA owing to the synergistic effect among large surface area of COF, highly conducting MWCNTs and highly catalytic La 2 O 3. Particularly, the COF with a BET surface area of 1396.04 m2/g prepared by the Schiff base reaction between 2, 5-dibromobenzene-1, 4-dicarbaldehyde (DBTA) and 2, 4, 6-tris(4-aminophenyl)− 1, 3, 5-triazine (TAPT), significantly enhanced the adsorption and enrichment ability of the resulted modified electrode toward the target molecules. The constructed electrochemical sensor possessed low detection limits (0.039 μM for DA and 0.024 μM for UA) and wide linear ranges (2 ~ 450 μM for DA and 0.4 ~ 450 μM for UA) and could be employed to detect simultaneously the contents of DA and UA in biological and medicine samples with outstanding reproducibility, high stability as well as strong anti-interference property. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A blue fluorescent Si/CDs is successfully synthesized via a conventional solvothermal method, which can serve as a sensitive fluorescent sensor to detect Hg2+ ions in water. The synthesized Si/CDs material exhibits excellent optical properties, high chemical and structural stability in an aqueous solution. Under natural light, the mixture is a colorless suspension while under ultraviolet light, it can emit bright blue fluorescence and the maximum excitation and emission wavelengths are 377 and 464 nm, respectively. Particularly, Hg2+ can lead to nearly complete fluorescence quenching of the material suspension and the emission intensity of the constructed fluorescent sensing system linearly decreases with increasing Hg2+ concentration in the range of 0–200 μM with a detection limit of 26.7 nM (S/N = 3). The proposed method has been successfully applied in detection of Hg2+ content in environmental and drinking water samples. In addition, the test paper strips based on fluorescent Si/CDs are also prepared by an immersion method for rapid and quantitative detection of Hg2+ in water environment through a visual mode. [Display omitted] • Blue fluorescence Si/CDs was synthesized and employed as a sensing material for sensitive detection of Hg2+. • A turn-off fluorescent sensor based on Si/CDs had a wide linear range (0-200μM) and low LOD (26.7 nM) for Hg2+. • Si/CDs based fluorescent test paper could quantify Hg2+ rapidly and conveniently in environmental water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a novel triazine-based covalent organic framework (TS-COF) was constructed by the condensation of 1, 3, 5-tris-(4-aminophenyl)triazine (TAPT) and squaric acid (SA) under solvothermal condition. By in situ growth of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the surface of TS-COF, the AuNPs@TS-COF composite with enhanced electroactivity was prepared successfully. After introduction of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), the constructed AuNPs@TS-COF/RGO nanocomposite modified electrode exhibited excellent conductivity and outstanding catalytic activity, and could be employed to determine uric acid (UA), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) in urine sample simultaneously, accurately and rapidly with high sensitivity, good selectivity and high stability. The detection limits of UA, DA and AA were 0.07 μM, 0.03 μM and 4.30 μM (S/N = 3), respectively. [Display omitted] • A novel triazine-based covalent organic frameworks (TS-COF) was designed and synthesized. • The work employing AuNPs@TS-COF/RGO to build a sensor was first reported. • The sensor displayed high sensitivity and wide linear range for the simultaneous determination of UA, DA and AA. • The work paved the way to utilize triazine-based COFs to design electrochemical sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the development and implementation of a novel physics-based algorithm that includes the effects of subsurface current on buoyant particles in a Lagrangian particle tracking model, specifically the Larval TRANSport Lagrangian (LTRANS) model. In the upper ocean, the direction and the magnitude of horizontal current change with water depth due to local effects such as the Ekman balance and large-scale influences such as the thermal wind balance. The subsurface current alters both the advection and the dispersion of weakly buoyant particles that could be suspended in the ocean surface boundary layer by turbulence. The transport and fate of riverborne plastics from the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers were examined using a hindcast model solution for the Louisiana and Texas Continental Shelf (LATEX shelf). The model results show that after leaving the river outlets, plastic particles travel on average in a southwestward direction over the LATEX shelf for up to four months, transiting from a few hundred kilometers to more than a thousand kilometers. The pathways and the fate of particles change as a function of the particle size, with smaller particles traveling slower. Also, less buoyant particles transit longer distances over more offshore regions and remain longer on the LATEX shelf. Particle pathways also display a strong seasonal cycle associate with the seasonal cycle of circulation on the LATEX shelf. The model results further reveal that more than 50% of the plastic particles delivered by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers reach the land boundary of the LATEX shelf, and more than 18% of those reach the land boundary west of Louisiana including Texas and portions of Mexico. This modeling framework can be used to study the transport of other positively buoyant particulate materials in the ocean, such as spilled oil and plankton. • A Lagrangian tracking tool with the subsurface current effect for buoyant particles. • The paths and fates of buoyant particles depend on their buoyant rising speed. • Most riverborne plastics stop at land boundaries of Louisiana and Texas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We disclose herein an efficient and facile method for the synthesis of SF 5 -containing isoquinolinediones with an all-carbon quaternary stereocenter via intramolecular pentafluorosulfanylation of acrylamides using SF 5 Cl as a pentafluorosulfanylation reagent. The protocol proceeds under mild reaction conditions and enjoys a broad substrate scope, wide functional group compatibility, and high atom- and step-economy. A radical mechanism involving the SF 5 radical cascade addition/cyclization of acrylamides is proposed.

Background: A short cervix in mid-trimester pregnancy is a risk factor for spontaneous preterm birth. However, there is currently a lack of predictive models and classification systems for predicting spontaneous preterm birth in these patients, especially those without additional risk factors for spontaneous preterm birth., Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of low-risk singleton pregnant women with a short cervix (≤ 25 mm) measured by transvaginal ultrasonography between 22 and 24 weeks was conducted. A multivariate logistic regression model for spontaneous preterm birth < 32 weeks in low-risk pregnant women with a short cervix was constructed. Moreover, we developed a nomogram to visualize the prediction model and stratified patients into three risk groups (low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups) based on the total score obtained from the nomogram model., Results: Between 2020 and 2022, 213 low-risk women with a short cervix in mid-trimester pregnancy were enrolled in the study. Univariate logistic analysis revealed that a high body mass index, a history of three or more miscarriages, multiparity, a short cervical length, leukocytosis, and an elevated C-reactive protein level were associated with spontaneous preterm birth < 32 weeks, but multivariate analysis revealed that multiparity (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.13-9.68), leukocytosis (OR, 3.96; 95% CI, 1.24-12.61) and a short cervical length (OR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.82-0.94) were independent predictors of sPTB < 32 weeks. The model incorporating these three predictors displayed good discrimination and calibration, and the area under the ROC curve of this model was as high as 0.815 (95% CI, 0.700-0.931). Patients were stratified into low- (195 patients), intermediate- (14 patients) and high-risk (4 patients) groups according to the model, corresponding to patients with scores ≤ 120, 121-146, and > 146, respectively. The predicted probabilities of spontaneous preterm birth < 32 weeks for these groups were 6.38, 40.62, and 71.88%, respectively., Conclusions: A noninvasive and efficient model to predict the occurrence of spontaneous preterm birth < 32 weeks in low-risk singleton pregnant women with a short cervix and a classification system were constructed in this study and can provide insight into the optimal management strategy for patients with different risk stratifications according to the score chart., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Daya Bay, a semi-enclosed bay in the northern South China Sea and to the east of the Pearl River Estuary, is rich in biological resources and diverse habitats. Current research on mesozooplankton in Daya Bay has mainly focused on aspects such as species composition, biomass, and biodiversity in the zooplankton community. However, there is limited research on the top-down effects of mesozooplankton on prey communities. This study conducted seasonal in-situ cultivation experiments from 2015 to 2017. By combining mesozooplankton grazing experiments and microzooplankton dilution experiments, the mesozooplankton clearance rate and trophic cascading effect on low trophic levels were calculated. Results showed evident mesozooplankton selective feeding behavior and corresponding trophic cascades with seasonal variations, these being significantly higher in the spring and summer and lower in the autumn and winter. Different sizes of phytoplankton showed significant differences; large-sized phytoplankton received high feeding rates but low trophic cascades by mesozooplankton, while the opposite was true for small-sized phytoplankton. Trophic cascades contribute in three ways: offsetting direct grazing mortality, changing prey community structure via its effects on different phytoplankton sizes, and reducing ciliate grazing impacts at an average of 14.4 ± 7.8%, maintaining around 70% ciliate grazing impacts in nature. The composition of mesozooplankton was the primary reason for explaining feeding preferences, including size selectivity and omnivory. For instance, high cladoceran abundance caused high feeding rates while, on the other hand, high omnivorous copepods abundance caused high trophic cascades on small-sized phytoplankton. General additive model (GAM) analysis revealed that the changes in trophic cascades were highly dependent on temperature, ciliate abundance, mesozooplankton feeding rates on ciliates, and ciliate feeding rates on phytoplankton. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to providing valuable insights into the role of mesozooplankton in the marine food web and their impact on lower trophic levels. In addition, the findings can help inform the management and conservation of marine ecosystems, as well as guide future research in this field.

In order to better monitor the content of Fe 3+ and H 2 S in the biological environment, two new fluorescent probes were designed and synthesized. With the addition of Fe 3+ , the strong fluorescence emission of two probes was significantly quenched due to the paramagnetic effect of Fe 3+ . With the further addition of S 2- , the fluorescence intensity was quickly restored. Two probes showed high selectivity and strong sensitivity for the detection of Fe 3+ and S 2- , and the fluorescence intensity "ON-OFF-ON" was accompanied with the interaction process. At the same time, two probes displayed good anti-interference ability which was not interfered by the existence of other ions. In addition, two probes illustrated fast response time to Fe 3+ , S 2- and small cytotoxicity to cells. Therefore, two probes can provide a potential ideal tool for detecting Fe 3+ and H 2 S in organisms and the environment., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Meat intake, particularly from oily fish, has been associated with various chronic diseases. However, its relationship with acne has always been controversial. Therefore, we have adopted Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal relationship between different types of meat intake and acne. The exposure and outcome datasets for this study were obtained from the Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) Open GWAS project. Seven datasets on meat intake were included, which consisted of non-oily fish, oily fish, lamb/mutton, poultry, pork, beef, and processed meat. The main methods used for MR analysis were inverse variance weighted, weighted median, and MR-egger. To ensure the accuracy of the results, heterogeneity, pleiotropy, and Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) analyses were conducted. Additionally, an analysis of four risk factors (fasting insulin, insulin resistance, total testosterone level, and estradiol level) was performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms linking statistically significant meat intake to acne. Oily fish intake was found to be a protective factor for acne (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.49, p  < .001), and it was also observed that oily fish intake can reduce the level of fasting insulin by the IVW method (OR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81-0.98, p  = .02). No causal relationship was identified between other types of meat intake and acne. The intake of oily fish reduces the risk of acne by lowering fasting insulin levels., Competing Interests: None., (© 2024 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

To compare the LDCT screening results between eligible and ineligible screening candidates in preventive health check-ups population. Using a real-world LDCT screening results among people who took yearly health check-up in health management center of West China Hospital between 2006 and 2017. Objects were classified according to the China National Lung Cancer Screening Guideline with Low-dose Computed Tomography (2018 version) eligibility criteria. Descriptive analysis were performed between eligible and ineligible screening candidates. The proportion of ineligible screening candidates was 64.13% (10,259), and among them there were 4005 (39.04%) subjects with positive screenings, 80 cases had a surgical lung biopsy. Pathology results from lung biopsy revealed 154 cancers (true-positive) and 26 benign results (false-positive), the surgical false-positive biopsy rate was 4.17%, and ineligible group (7.69%) was higher than eligible group (2.47%), P < 0.05. Further, in ineligible screening candidates, the proportion of current smokers was higher among males compared to females (53.85% vs. 4.88%, P < 0.05). Of the 69 lung cancer patients detected in ineligible screening candidates, lung adenocarcinoma accounts for a high proportion of lung cancers both in male (75.00%) and female (85.00%). The proportion of ineligible screening candidates and the surgical false-positive biopsy rate in ineligible candidates were both high in health check-ups population., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Abnormal copper ions (Cu 2+ ) and biothiols have potential impacts on environmental pollution and human health, so the detection of these substances with high selectivity and sensitivity has become an important research topic. In this study, we designed and synthesized two fluorescent probes (L 1 and L 2 ) based on naphthalene and anthracene derivatives that could specifically detect Cu 2+ and biothiols. Owing to the paramagnetic effect of Cu 2+ , the strong fluorescent intensity was quenched after the addition of Cu 2+ . When biothiols were added to the solution (L-Cu 2+ ), the fluorescence intensity was significantly enhanced and recovered. So, the interaction process was accompanied with "ON-OFF-ON" phenomenon in fluorescent intensity. Two complexes (L-Cu 2+ ) showed low limit of detection for biothiols (Cys was 3.4 ×10 -5 M and GSH was 2.0 ×10 -5 M) and weak cytotoxicity (< 150 μg/mL). Theoretical investigation analysis revealed that the intramolecular hydrogen bond existed in the structure of probes and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay. In addition, two probes also showed good applicability in actual drug Atomolan. The GSH content in the tested Atomolan reached over 99.9% of the labeling which was accord with the percentage of pharmacopoeia. Therefore, two probes have the real application value in the detection of Cu 2+ , biothiols and drug efficacy in various environments., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no declarations of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown that sarcopenia was associated with depression among older adults. However, most of these investigations used a cross-sectional design, limiting the ability to establish a causal relation, the present study examined whether sarcopenia was associated with incident depressive symptoms., Methods: This is a prospective cohort study with participants from the Western China Health and Aging Trends (WCHAT) study. Participants could complete anthropometric measurements and questionnaires were included. The exposure was sarcopenia, defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019, the outcome was depressive symptoms, evaluated by GDS-15. We excluded depression and depressive symptoms at baseline and calculated the risk of incident depressive symptoms during the follow-up year., Results: A total of 2612 participants (mean age of 62.14 ± 8.08 years) were included, of which 493 with sarcopenia. 78 (15.82%) participants with sarcopenia had onset depressive symptoms within the next year. After multivariable adjustment, sarcopenia increased the risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.651, 95%CI = 1.087-2.507, P = 0.0187) in overall participants. Such relationship still exists in gender and sarcopenia severity subgroups. Low muscle mass increased the risk of depressive symptoms (RR = 1.600, 95%CI = 1.150-2.228, P = 0.0053), but low muscle strength had no effect (RR = 1.250, 95%CI = 0.946-1.653, P = 0.117)., Conclusions: Sarcopenia is an independent risk factor for depressive symptoms, Precautions to early detect and targeted intervene for sarcopenia should continue to be employed in adult with sarcopenia to achieve early prevention for depression and reduce the incidence of adverse clinical outcomes., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

The primary underlying contributor for cataract, a leading cause of vision impairment and blindness worldwide, is oxidative stress. Oxidative stress triggers protein damage, cell apoptosis, and subsequent cataract formation. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) serves as a principal redox transcriptional factor in the lens, offering a line of defense against oxidative stress. In response to oxidative challenges, Nrf2 dissociates from its inhibitor, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), moves to the nucleus, and binds to the antioxidant response element (ARE) to activate the Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system. In parallel, oxidative stress also induces endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). Reactive oxygen species (ROS), generated during oxidative stress, can directly damage proteins, causing them to misfold. Initially, the unfolded protein response (UPR) activates to mitigate excessive misfolded proteins. Yet, under persistent or severe stress, the failure to rectify protein misfolding leads to an accumulation of these aberrant proteins, pushing the UPR towards an apoptotic pathway, further contributing to cataractogenesis. Importantly, there is a dynamic interaction between the Nrf2 antioxidant system and the ERS/UPR mechanism in the lens. This interplay, where ERS/UPR can modulate Nrf2 expression and vice versa, holds potential therapeutic implications for cataract prevention and treatment. This review explores the intricate crosstalk between these systems, aiming to illuminate strategies for future advancements in cataract prevention and intervention. The Nrf2-dependent antioxidant system communicates and cross-talks with the ERS/UPR pathway. Both mechanisms are proposed to play pivotal roles in the onset of cataract formation., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Characterization of metal(loid) variation during pregnancy and identification of the affecting factors are important for assessing pregnancy exposures in epidemiological studies. In this study, maternal hair was collected in three segments (each 3 cm) from pregnant women in Guangzhou, China. Ten metal(loid)s, including six essential trace metal(loid)s and four toxic trace metal(loid)s, were analyzed to investigate the levels of various metal(loid)s during pregnancy and the factors that influence them. Strong pairwise correlations were observed between manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), and vanadium (V), between selenium (Se), arsenic (As), and antimony (Sb), and between cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb). All metal(loid)s except for Se, Mn, and Co showed strong correlations among the three hair segments, and most of the metal(loid)s had good reproducibility, with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) ranging from 0.510 to 0.931, except for As (ICC = 0.334), Mn (ICC = 0.231), and Co (ICC = 0.235). Zn levels decreased, while Sb increased, in maternal hair during pregnancy. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and dietary intake affected metal(loid) levels in maternal hair. These results provide foundational data for using maternal hair segmental analysis to evaluate exposure variation to metal(loid)s during pregnancy and the potential factors associated with them.

Coastal habitats can play an important role in climate change mitigation. As Louisiana implements its climate action plan and the restoration and risk-reduction projects outlined in its 2017 Louisiana Coastal Master Plan, it is critical to consider potential greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes in coastal habitats. This study estimated the potential climate mitigation role of existing, converted, and restored coastal habitats for years 2005, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2050, which align with the Governor of Louisiana's GHG reduction targets. An analytical framework was developed that considered (1) available scientific data on net ecosystem carbon balance fluxes per habitat and (2) habitat areas projected from modeling efforts used for the 2017 Louisiana Coastal Master Plan to estimate the net GHG flux of coastal area. The coastal area was estimated as net GHG sinks of -38.4 ± 10.6 and -43.2 ± 12.0 Tg CO 2 equivalents (CO 2 e) in 2005 and 2020, respectively. The coastal area was projected to remain a net GHG sink in 2025 and 2030, both with and without the implementation of Coastal Master Plan projects (means ranged from -25.3 to -34.2 Tg CO 2 e). By 2050, with model-projected wetland loss and conversion of coastal habitats to open water due to coastal erosion and relative sea level rise, Louisiana's coastal area was projected to become a net source of GHG emissions both with and without the Coastal Master Plan projects. However, in the year 2050, the Louisiana Coastal Master Plan project implementation was projected to avoid the release of +8.8 ± 1.3 Tg CO 2 e compared with an alternative with no action. Reduction in current and future stressors to coastal habitats, including impacts from sea level rise, as well as the implementation of restoration projects could help to ensure coastal areas remain a natural climate solution., (© 2023 The Authors. Ecological Applications published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Ecological Society of America.)