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206. Electrochemical Sensing in Contact Lenses

Author

Liu, Huixin, Yan, Xiaomei, Gu, Zhen, Xiu, Guangli, Xiao, Xinxin, Liu, Huixin, Yan, Xiaomei, Gu, Zhen, Xiu, Guangli, and Xiao, Xinxin

Abstract

Electrochemical sensors embedded in hydrogel-based contact lenses provide valuable health-related information, enabling non-invasive and real-time continuous monitoring. Recently, considerable progress has been made in tear based electrochemical sensors. The scope of reported analytes is continuously expanding. This review identifies key chemical biomarkers (including metabolites, ions, proteins) that can be electrochemically detected in tears. The working principles of i) amperometric enzymatic biosensors, ii) ion-selective sensors for pH and ions, iii) voltammetric sensors and iv) affinity sensors are summarized. This review provides guidelines for the future development of contact lens based electrochemical sensors.

Published
2022

207. Validation of the Application of Solid Contact Ion-Selective Electrode for Off-Body Sweat Ion Monitoring

Author

Liu, Huixin, Gu, Zhen, Liu, Yuan, Xiao, Xinxin, Xiu, Guangli, Liu, Huixin, Gu, Zhen, Liu, Yuan, Xiao, Xinxin, and Xiu, Guangli

Abstract

The solid contact ion-selective electrode (ISE) is a promising skin-interfaced monitoring system for sweat ions. Despite a growing number of on-body usages of ISE with fancy new materials and device fabrications, there are very few reports attempting to validate ISE results with a gold standard technique. For this purpose, this work uses inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) as a reference technique to conduct a direct evaluation of the sweat sodium and potassium ion levels obtained by ISE in an off-body approach. Eight healthy male subjects were recruited to collect exercise-induced sweat. It was found that sweat sodium and potassium ions present a rather wide concentration range. The sweat sodium concentration did not vary greatly in an exercise period of half an hour, while the sweat potassium concentration typically decreased with exercise. Mineral drink intake had no clear impact on the sweat sodium level, but increased the sweat potassium level. A paired t-test and mean absolute relative difference (MARD) analysis, a method typically used for evaluating the performance of glucometers, was employed to compare the results of ISE and ICP-OES. The statistical analysis validated the feasibility of ISE for measuring sweat ions, although better accuracy is required. Our data suggests that overweight subjects are likely to possess a higher sweat sodium level.

Published
2022

219. Thank You to Our 2021 Peer Reviewers

Author

Lugaz, Noé, primary, Carter, Brett A., additional, Gannon, Jennifer L., additional, Hapgood, Michael, additional, Liu, Huixin, additional, O’Brien, T. Paul, additional, Morley, Steven K., additional, and Zou, Shasha, additional

Published
2022
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233. Long-term changes in mesospheric wind and wave estimates based on radar observations in both hemispheres

Author

Kuchar, Ales, Stober, G., Pokhotelov, Dimitry, Jacobi, Christoph, Liu, Huixin, Liu, Hanli, Baumgarten, K., Brown, Peter, Janches, Diego, Murphy, Damian J., Kozlovsky, Alexander, Lester, Mark, Belova, Evgenia, Kero, Johan, Mitchell, Nicholas, and Moffat-Griffin, T.

Subjects
trends, waves, radar observations, winds, Mesosphere
Abstract

Several studies (Banerjee et al. (2020) and before that Sun et al. (2014)) found a trend reversal between winter and summer circulation in the southern hemisphere around 2000 in the middle atmosphere. One may argue that the negative trend after 2000 is due to the CO2-induced change in stratospheric dynamics. However, Ramesh et al. (2020), using the newest WACCM6 simulation and a multiple linear regression model, confirmed that the negative trend in the stratosphere after 2000 can be attributed to ozone recovery. Here we investigate how stratospheric trends relate to trends in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) dynamics. Using the adaptive spectral filtering (ASF) method (Stober et al., 2021), we study long-term changes in mesospheric wind and planetary and gravity wave estimates of meteor radar stations in the northern (NH: Collm, Kiruna, Sodankyla, CMOR) and southern (SH: Rio Grande, Davis, Rothera) hemisphere, respectively, for the altitude range of 80–100 km. Linear trends have been estimated (from monthly means calculated from the preprocessed original data using ASF) by the Theil–Sen estimator (Theil, 1950; Sen, 1968). The robustness of our fitting method is assessed in terms of spurious trends due to, e.g., high autocorrelation of relatively short time series. The long-term changes are validated in two whole-atmosphere models, namely, GAIA and WACCMX-SD (both nudged in the stratosphere). While both models reveal issues reproducing basic climatology in the mesosphere, GAIA fairly reproduces the trends captured by the meteor radars. Finally, we conclude that the ozone recovery effects in the SH stratosphere influence the dynamics in MLT via gravity wave coupling.

Published
2021
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237. Lung cancer patients with positive programmed death‐ligand 1 expression endure graver postoperative pain.

Author

Wang, Lu, Zhou, Jian, Liu, Huixin, Xu, Hao, Li, Huifang, Feng, Yi, and Tian, Xue

Abstract

Background: Postoperative pain after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is common in lung cancer patients, and it is unclear whether cancer itself participates in pain regulation. Programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) expressed by tumours may be analgesic. Our study aimed to detect the association between PD‐L1 and acute postoperative pain. Methods: We reviewed patients who underwent VATS for lung cancer with tumour PD‐L1 expression analysed in our centre from Jan 2017 to Jul 2020. They were divided into PD‐L1 (−) group and PD‐L1 (+) group and were further divided into four subgroups according to opioids for postoperative analgesia: sufentanil PD‐L1 (−), sufentanil PD‐L1 (+), oxycodone PD‐L1 (−), and oxycodone PD‐L1 (+). We compared the numeric rating scale (NRS) for the first three postoperative days at rest or cough between groups. Results: A total of 369 patients (167 in PD‐L1 (−) vs. 202 in PD‐L1 (+)) were included. On the first postoperative day, NRS at cough in the PD‐L1 (+) patients were higher than those in the PD‐L1 (−) patients (2.91 ± 1.07 vs. 2.66 ± 1.01, p = 0.018). On the third day, NRS at cough in PD‐L1 (+) patients was higher (2.50 ± 1.02 vs. 2.26 ± 1.09, p = 0.043). For patients with oxycodone, NRS was higher in PD‐L1 (+) than in PD‐L1 (−) (p = 0.041) at cough after surgery. In contrast, those with sufentanil did not significantly differ in NRS between groups. Conclusions: Patients with PD‐L1 (+) suffered graver pain in the early postoperative period after VATS for lung cancer compared with PD‐L1 (−) on tumours. Analgesia with sufentanil seemed to overcome this effect better than oxycodone. Significance: We demonstrated that patients with positive programmed cell death ligand‐1 (PD‐L1) on tumours suffered graver pain in the early postoperative period after video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery for lung cancer and reacted differently with opioids. It might be beneficial to adjust analgesic protocols according to tumour PD‐L1 expression for individualized postoperative pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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244. Thermospheric Density Perturbations Produced by Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances during August 2005 Storm

Author

Pham, Kevin, primary, Zhang, Binzheng, additional, Sorathia, Kareem, additional, Dang, Tong, additional, Wang, Wenbin, additional, Merkin, Viacheslav, additional, Liu, Huixin, additional, Lin, Dong, additional, Wiltberger, Michael, additional, Lei, Jiuhou, additional, Bao, Shanshan, additional, Garretson, Jeffrey, additional, Toffoletto, Frank, additional, Michael, Adam, additional, and Lyon, John, additional

Published
2021
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