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Carbon nanotube (CNT) supported zinc, cobalt, nitrogen, sulfur-doped porous carbon (CNT@ZnCo/NSC) catalysts are prepared by in situ growth of sulfur-containing bimetal zeolitic imidazolate framework (S–ZnCo-ZIF) polyhedrons on CNT with subsequent heat treatment. The microstructure, morphology, particle size distribution, specific surface area, and pore-size distribution of the catalysts are characterized by multiple techniques. CNT@ZnCo/NSC exhibits excellent catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with onset potential of 0.98 V and half-wave potential of 0.83 V, respectively, which are close to those of Pt/C. The addition of CNT inhibits the agglomeration and improves the conductivity of the catalysts, while S doping enhances the electrochemical surface area and introduces active sites. The special structure makes CNT@ZnCo/NSC possess proper specific surface area (390.8 m2 g−1) and large average pore size (5.26 nm). CNT@ZnCo/NSC contains more graphite-N (21%) and pyridine-N (55.9%) than CNT@ZnCo/NC (20%, 46.5%) and ZnCo/NC (8.2%, 45.8%). CNT@ZnCo/NSC catalyst has better methanol tolerance and long-term stability than commercial Pt/C. [Display omitted] • CNT supported Zn, Co, N, S-doped carbon are prepared by heating of S–ZnCo-ZIF/CNT. • CNT inhibits the agglomeration and improves the conductivity of CNT@ZnCo/NSC. • S doping enhances the ECSA of CNT@ZnCo/NSC and introduces active sites. • CNT@ZnCo/NSC exhibits excellent catalytic activity for ORR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every living organism on Earth depends on its interactions with other organisms. In the rhizosphere, plants and microorganisms constantly exchange signals and influence each other's behavior. Recent studies have shown that many beneficial rhizosphere microbes can produce specific signaling molecules that affect plant root architecture and therefore could have substantial effects on above-ground growth. This review examines these chemical signals and summarizes their mechanisms of action, with the aim of enhancing our understanding of plant–microbe interactions and providing references for the comprehensive development and utilization of these active components in agricultural production. In addition, we highlight future research directions and challenges, such as searching for microbial signals to induce primary root development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fc-glycosite-specific antibody–drug conjugation represents a promising direction for the preparation of site-specific antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs). In the present research, we conducted a systemic evaluation of two endoglycosidase-catalyzed chemoenzymatic glycoengineering technologies to prepare glycosite-specific ADCs. In the first two-step approach, the antibody was deglycosylated and then reglycosylated with a modified intact N-glycan oxazoline. In the second one-pot approach, antibodies were deglycosylated and simultaneously glycosylated with a functionalized disaccharide oxazoline. For the comprehensive evaluation, we first optimized and scaled-up the preparation of azido glycan oxazolines. Afterwards, we proved that the one-pot glycan-remodeling approach was efficient for all IgG subclasses. Subsequently, we assembled respective ADCS using two technology routes, with two different linker-payloads combinations, and performed systemic in vitro and in vivo evaluations. All the prepared ADCs achieved high homogeneity and illustrated excellent stability in buffers with minimum aggregates, and exceptional stability in rat serum. All ADCs displayed a potent killing of BT-474 breast cancer cells. Moving to the mouse study, the ADCs prepared from two technology routes displayed potent and similar efficacy in a BT-474 xenograft model, which was comparable to an FDA-approved ADC generated from random conjugation. These ADCs also demonstrated excellent safety and did not cause body weight loss at the tested dosages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of the genus Bacillus have been widely used for the biocontrol of plant diseases in the demand for sustainable agricultural development. New mechanisms underlying Bacillus biocontrol activity have been revealed with the development of microbiome and microbe‐plant interaction research. In this review, we first briefly introduce the typical Bacillus biocontrol mechanisms, such as the production of antimicrobial compounds, competition for niches/nutrients, and induction of systemic resistance. Then, we discussed in detail the new mechanisms of pathogen quorum sensing interference and reshaping of the soil microbiota. The "cry for help" mechanism was also introduced, in which plants can release specific signals under pathogen attack to recruit biocontrol Bacillus for root colonization against invasion. Finally, two emerging strategies for enhancing the biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus agents, including the construction of synthetic microbial consortia and the application of rhizosphere‐derived prebiotics, were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • This work overcomes the trade-off challenge between particle size and quantum efficiency of nitride phosphors encountered in traditional preparation methods. • The underlying mechanism is clarified to be the increased Eu2+ percentage and the unaltered chemical stiffness after the mechanochemical processing. • Small-sized nitride phosphors with superhigh brightness and ultralong durability. High brightness mini-LED backlit displays attract extensive advanced applications. However, it is a challenge to develop small-sized phosphors concurrently satisfying high brightness and long-term durability to accommodate mini-LED chips. Herein, a two-step facile approach combining high-temperature sintering and mechanochemical milling is proposed to obtain small-sized β-Sialon:Eu nitride phosphors (D50 = 3.13 μm) with a five-fold increase in quantum efficiency (QE, 16% → 79%) and a superb on chip durability with 100% maintenance of QE for 1400 h. The high performance is attributed to the increased Eu2+ percentage (67% → 77%) and the unaltered chemical stiffness after the mechanochemical processing. Crucially, β-Sialon:Eu film made from small-sized powders shows higher packaging density and better light uniformity, concomitantly with an improved QE of 83%. Moreover, this approach is generally applicable to other robust nitride phosphors. By using small-sized β-Sialon:Eu and (Sr,Ca)AlSiN 3 :Eu films, as-fabricated mini-LED backlights simultaneously achieve a superhigh brightness of 302,150 nits and an ultralong durability exceeding 2,000 h, opening up an avenue for mini-LED backlit displays being a viable technology for high-end applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The corona onset characteristic of bundle conductors is an important limiting factor for the design of UHV AC power lines in high-altitude areas. An experimental study on the corona characteristics of 8 × LGJ630, 6 × LGJ720, 8 × LGJ720 and 10 × LGJ720 bundle conductors commonly used in UHV power lines under dry and wet conductor conditions, as well as artificial moderate and heavy rain conditions, was conducted in Ping'an County, Xining City (elevation 2200 m). By using the tangent line method, the corona onset voltages and onset electric field of four types of conductors at high altitudes are obtained for the first time. In addition, the calculation model of corona onset voltage considering the outer strands' effect on the electric field and the geometric factor in the corona cage in high altitude areas is established. The comparison of the calculation results and experimental results under dry conditions verifies the model's correctness. Based on the results, an optimal selection scheme for high altitudes is proposed. The roughness coefficient was also calculated and analysed: the roughness coefficient of bundled conductors was between 0.59 and 0.77, and the roughness coefficient of the wet conductor was between the dry and rainy conditions. Both the experimental data and the calculation model can provide a reference for conductor selection for UHV AC power lines for use in high-altitude areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corona loss generated from conductors is an indispensable factor in the design of alternating current(AC) transmission lines. Based on a helical charge simulation method, a 3-D calculation model for corona loss considering the outer strands of the conductor in the corona cage was established. Compared to the 2-D corona-loss calculation method, the calculation model proposed in this study incorporates the heterogeneity of the electric fields strength along the axial direction of the stranded conductor. Furthermore, it was also able to calculate the corona loss when the conductor had sagged. The calculation results of the LGJ-300/40 and LGJ-400/35 in the small corona cage show close agreement with the measurement results indicating that the corona-loss calculation model was accurate. In addition, the corona loss of the bundle conductors 4 × LGJ720 with sag in the UHV corona cage was also analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural polysaccharides are important biopolymers with unique physicochemical properties and valuable biological activities. Due to the lack of sufficient functional groups, the applications of natural polysaccharides are incomparable to synthetic biopolymers. In order to broaden the applications of polysaccharides, gallic acid (GA, one kind of phenolic acid with numerous functional properties) has been grafted onto polysaccharides through several chemical and enzymatic methods. The structural characteristics and physical properties (e.g. water solubility, thermal stability, crystalline character and viscosity) of polysaccharides are greatly changed by grafting with GA. Meanwhile, GA grafted polysaccharides (GA-g-polysaccharides) show improved biological activities (e. g. antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, enzyme inhibitory, prebiotic, and calcium oxalate crystals formation inhibitory effects) and broadened applications in the fields of active packaging, edible coating, encapsulation, delivery and bioadsorption. Notably, the structural characteristics, physical properties, biological activities and applications of GA-g-polysaccharides are affected by the grafting ratio and grafting method. Herein, recent advances of GA-g-polysaccharides in terms of preparation methods, structural characteristics, biological activities and potential applications are summarized. This review will provide a guideline for the scientific community towards more rational design and targeted use of GA-g-polysaccharides in the future. • The preparation methods of gallic acid grafted polysaccharides are introduced. • The structures of the conjugates are related to their preparation methods. • Factors affect the grafting ratio of the conjugates are summarized. • The conjugates possess several biological activities. • The conjugates are useful in food, pharmaceutical, and environmental fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Modern industrial facilities urgently need effective wireless communication technology to monitor instruments and equipment, but electromagnetic interference and physical shielding often exist in these fields, thereby preventing traditional communication methods from working correctly. OBJECTIVE: As a special wireless optical communication technology, X-ray communication (XCOM) is expected to solve the problem of signal transmission under this extreme condition. Our goal was to prove the feasibility of XCOM for signal transmission under metal barrier condition. METHODS: The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the transmission characteristics of X-ray beam under metal barrier conditions, and the communication performance of XCOM was evaluated. Moreover, the experimental demonstration system of XCOM was developed to test the penetration and communication performance of XCOM under metal shield. RESULTS: X-ray with energy above 150 keV could achieve a bit error rate of less than 10–4 after passing through a 20 mm iron, whereas X-ray with energy above 250 keV could maintain excellent communication performance after passing through a 30 mm iron. The experimental test results were consistent with the theoretical calculation. CONCLUSIONS: As a new wireless optical communication technology, X-ray communication is expected to solve the problem of signal transmission under physical shielding conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the growth and partial discharges properties of DC electrical trees in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) were investigated under positive and negative DC voltages. The obtained results revealed that the voltage rise exerted significant influences on growth properties of DC trees. In either polarity, DC electrical trees grew rapidly during rising voltage and maintained the rapid growth for a certain time after DC voltage reached a constant value. The growth rate of positive DC electrical trees was quite faster than that of negative ones, and channel breakdown mainly occurred in positive ones. Although the growth rates of positive and negative DC electrical trees were different, their shapes were similar (both were branch-like electrical trees with one or two main branches). Self-healing usually occurred in negative DC electrical trees, thus electrical tree branches gradually disappeared under the application of steady DC voltage or when the voltage was off. Partial discharges mainly occurred at the beginning of electrical tree growth; however, the amount of partial discharge was relatively small, and it gradually reduced even during the rapid growth of electrical trees, consequently, almost no partial discharges were found when the voltage was constant. Finally, a discharge-avalanche theory was proposed to explain the growth properties of DC electrical trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile method of loading CoS x nanosheet onto CdS nanorod has been designed, and the prepared CdS-CoS x composite catalyst exhibited significantly improved performance for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution compared with CdS catalyst. This composite catalyst was also used as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) hydrogen production. The hydrogen production rate reached 168.6 μmol cm−2 h−1 (37.77 L m−2 h−1) under the simulated solar light, which is 2.7 times that of CdS and the same as that of CdS–Pt. In addition, in the Na 2 S–Na 2 SO 3 system for PEC hydrogen production, an abnormal relationship between photocurrent and the hydrogen production yield was found. By designing a series of experiments, the photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical characteristics for hydrogen production were reasonably revealed for the first time. In this work, the prepared structured catalyst is easy to be recycled, and CoS x can replace precious metal Pt, showing a promising application. Image 1 • CoS x as co-catalyst is loaded on CdS nanorod by a facile method. • CdS-CoS x has good activity and stability for photoelectrochemical (PEC) reaction. • PEC activity of CdS-CoS x as photoanode for H 2 production is the same as that of CdS–Pt. • An abnormal relationship between photocurrent and hydrogen production is found. • The reaction network in Na 2 S–Na 2 SO 3 system for PEC H 2 production is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Materials and structures of radio‐voltaic/radio‐photovoltaic (RV/RPV) dual effect isotope batteries were optimized in this paper. The response relationship between different types of volt layer and the dual effect was studied. The GaAs volt layer with a high band gap can easily obtain a higher voltage output than the Si volt layer. Dual effect multilevel isotope batteries achieved better output performance by using the CsI scintillator due to its high photon yield. The CsI scintillator combined with the GaAs volt layer showed good spectral matching property, which is conducive to improve the RV/RPV dual effect isotope batteries. The overall scale of the multilevel structure was designed by performing Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS) calculation. When its overall scale reached 20 cm, the deposition rate of 60Co gamma (γ) rays exceeded 90%. The response relationship between the thickness of each level of the CsI scintillator and the battery performance was analyzed by MCNP5. The total performance came up to the maximum when the CsI thickness in each level reached 2 cm. Finally, the multilevel isotope batteries were prepared. The output performance of the multilevel isotope batteries was characterized under 60Co γ source at a dose rate of 0.103 kGy/hr. The multilevel isotope battery in series obtained open circuit voltage of 7.77 V, short circuit current of 1.69 μA, maximum output power of 7.98 μW, and energy conversion efficiency of 0.15%. These isotope batteries showed great potential for the power supply of electronic equipment in many special fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of the perovskite active layer is the critical factor that affects the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, the 8-hydroxyquinoline lead (Pbq 2) containing pyridine bonds, C–O bonds, and quinoline ring groups was introduced into the MAPbI 3 perovskite layer to improve the performances and stabilities of PSCs. The doped Pbq 2 could adjust the growth of perovskite crystals by coordinating interactions between the above functional groups in Pbq 2 with Pb2+, MA+, and I− in perovskite together. And as a result, high-quality and dense perovskite films with larger grain sizes were obtained. At the same time, large molecule-sized Pbq 2 chelated at the grain boundary of perovskite, which passivated the defects and suppressed non-radiative recombination of photo carriers and ion migration at grain boundaries. Therefore, the interface energy barrier between the perovskite layer and the electron transfer layer (ETL) was reduced by the Pbq 2 doping, which accelerated the separation and transportation of carriers at the ETL/perovskite layer interface. Finally, Pbq 2 -modified PSCs achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 20.82% with an open circuit voltage (V oc) of 1.144 V and a fill factor (FF) of 77.4% compared to a PCE of 17.87% for the reference sample. Furthermore, Pbq 2 -modified PSCs showed better light stability and moisture resistance in air conditions. • The lead 8-hydroxyquinoline (Pbq 2) containing pyridine bonds, C–O bonds, and quinoline ring groups, was introduced into the MAPbI 3 perovskite layer to improve the performance and stability of the PSC. • The doped Pbq 2 can regulate the growth of perovskite crystals through the interaction with Pb2+, MA+ and I− in perovskite, thus obtaining high-quality and dense perovskite films with large grain sizes. • Pbq 2 modified PSCs achieved a PCE of 20.82% compared to a PCE of 17.87% for the reference sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly stable and long-life power supply systems are crucial to the success of space exploration missions. The systematic analysis of the service lives and stability of radioisotope thermophotovoltaic (RTPV) generators with general purpose heat sources (GPHSs) is the cornerstone of future practical space applications. Its operational lifetime is mainly limited by the degradation caused by the irradiation of key transducer components by the isotope source, while its operational stability is mainly related to the temperature variation of the external environment. The irradiation and temperature stability as the main influencing factors of GPHS-RTPV were studied. Results indicate that the output performance of the GPHS–RTPV was maintained at 50.15% after 1 × 1013 n/cm2 neutron and 927.84 Gy γ irradiation. The service life was conservatively estimated to be 19.883 years according to equivalent irradiation experimental results. In addition, the output performance of the GPHS–RTPV fluctuates linearly with temperature, the gradient of P max with temperature was −6.7 μW/K·cm2 in a range of 276.5–354.5 K, and higher output at low temperatures. This study explored the lifetime and service stability of GPHS-RTPV under actual operating conditions in space, and lays the foundation for future practical applications. • Irradiation and temperature service stability of GPHS–RTPV with InGaAs cell are studied from a system perspective. • Output power of GPHS – RTPV remained at 50.15% after 1 × 1013 n/cm2 neutron and 927.84 Gy γ irradiation. • The temperature gradient of GPHS–RTPV with InGaAs is −6.7 μW/K·cm2 in a range of 276.5–354.5 K. • Service life of GPHS – RTPV in space environment is conservatively estimated at 19.883 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bacteria that dominate and become enriched in the rhizosphere during continuous cropping are of increasing interest, as they can greatly adapt to the rhizosphere. However, there are still little knowledge about the general composition and function of these bacteria. In this study, we planted tomatoes in three different soils for three planting cycles and used both high-throughput sequencing and culture-dependent workflows. Despite significant differences in bacterial communities from the initial soils, we observed a similar succession in the rhizosphere bacterial community compositions. We identified certain bacteria that were gradually enriched and potentially beneficial, such as Rhizobium and Flavobacterium. However, some other potentially beneficial bacteria, such as Massilia and Lysobacter, were gradually depleted. Additionally, we found that predicted functions related to xenobiotic biodegradation, nutrient metabolism and antibiotic biosynthesis were enriched in different rhizosphere soils. Beijerinckia fluminensis GR2, which was gradually enriched in all tested soils, significantly inhibited the growth of Ralstonia solanacearum and protected the host from infection. Our study provides new insights into the assembly mechanism of gradually enriched bacteria and their role as plant-beneficial microbes that adapt well to the rhizosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Rhizomicrobiome plays important roles in plant growth and health, contributing to the sustainable development of agriculture. Plants recruit and assemble the rhizomicrobiome to satisfy their functional requirements, which is widely recognized as the 'cry for help' theory, but the intrinsic mechanisms are still limited.In this study, we revealed a novel mechanism by which plants reprogram the functional expression of inhabited rhizobacteria, in addition to the de novo recruitment of soil microbes, to satisfy different functional requirements as plants grow. This might be an efficient and low‐cost strategy and a substantial extension to the rhizomicrobiome recruitment theory.We found that the plant regulated the sequential expression of genes related to biocontrol and plant growth promotion in two well‐studied rhizobacteria Bacillus velezensis SQR9 and Pseudomonas protegens CHA0 through root exudate succession across the plant developmental stages. Sixteen key chemicals in root exudates were identified to significantly regulate the rhizobacterial functional gene expression by high‐throughput qPCR.This study not only deepens our understanding of the interaction between the plant–rhizosphere microbiome, but also provides a novel strategy to regulate and balance the different functional expression of the rhizomicrobiome to improve plant health and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Southeast Tibet in China is rich in clean energy such as water energy, light energy, and wind energy. As the key means of large-scale clean energy transmission in southeast Tibet, the ultra-high voltage (UHV) power transmission projects will be constructed at an altitude of nearly 4000 m. To accurately acquire the external insulation strength of electrical equipment operating at different altitudes, the standard positive switching impulse voltages were applied to a rod electrode and a 1.1 m diameter shielding sphere at the altitude of 3400, 2100, and 80 m. The switching impulse discharge characterization and altitude correction factors of the 1.1 m diameter shielding sphere-plate gap under different clearances at different altitudes were obtained. The discharge voltage of the rod-plate gap at the altitude of 80 m was corrected to the altitude of 3400 m using altitude correction methods recommended by GB 311.1, GB/T 16927.1, and DL/T 2305. Further comparison was made between the calculation results using the three altitude correction methods mentioned above and the test results at an altitude of 3400 m. The discharge characterization and the minimum clearance of the end fittings of the electrical equipment in the valve hall at the altitude of 3800 and 4500 m were obtained by fitting and extrapolating the test data. The research results provide important reference significance for the external insulation configuration of UHV converter stations constructed in areas with an altitude of 3000 m and above. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By correcting the photon area factor (PAF) to suit the structure of the spacer and redefining the effective ionization region of the process of negative corona onset, a physical model for the calculation of COG of AC spacers is established. The validity and practicability of the established physical model are validated by the corona onset test results of spacers in both low‐altitude and high‐altitude areas. The numerical results pertaining to PAF and effective ionization region are consistent with the theoretical analysis. With the established physical model as a basis, the COG of the spacer is calculated under different geometrical structure parameters and ambient conditions. The results imply that changing the curvature of the spacer edge has a more significant impact on the COG of the AC spacer than changing the curvature of the spacer end and thickness H. The decrease in the length of the ionization region and the rapid attenuation of spatial electric field intensity of the spacer with smaller geometric parameters lead to an increase in the COG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the differences and similarities between two-layer and three-layer self-piercing riveting (SPR) joints were systematically analysed by combining experimental tests and a finite element (FE) model. The influences of top-to-middle sheet thickness ratio (r1) on the joining results of three-layer joints were also numerically investigated. It was found that, compared with the top sheet in two-layer joints, the split top and middle sheets in the corresponding three-layer joints underwent greater plastic deformation. The rivet shank experienced less plastic deformation, and the risk of shear fracture of the rivet shank was effectively reduced. When the r1 increased from 0 to infinity, the interlock (I1) always first increased then decreased and followed by an apparent increase within the studied range. The remaining bottom sheet thickness at the joint centre (tc) and under the rivet tip (ttip) showed opposite changing trends: the tc first increased and then decreased, whilst the ttip first decreased but then increased. The results also revealed that the experimental data of two-layer joints can be used to guide the design of three-layer joints: from the two-layer joints to corresponding three-layer joints, the I1 more likely achieves a greater value when the r1 < 1.0 but a smaller value when the r1 > 1.0, and a larger tc but a smaller ttip are more likely achieved regardless of the r1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Driving behavior recognition can provide an important reference for the intelligent vehicle industry and probe vehicle-based traffic estimation. The identification of driving behavior using mobile sensing techniques such as smartphone- and vehicle-mounted terminals has gained significant attention in recent years. The present work proposed the monitoring of longitudinal driving behavior using a machine learning approach with the support of an on-board unit (OBU). Specifically, based on velocity, three-axis acceleration and three-axis angular velocity data were collected by a mobile vehicle terminal OBU; through the process of data preprocessing and feature extraction, seven machine learning algorithms, including support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor algorithm (KNN), logistic regression (LR), BP neural network (BPNN), decision tree (DT), and the Naive Bayes (NB), were applied to implement the classification and monitoring of the longitudinal driving behavior of probe vehicles. The results show that the three classifiers SVM, RF and DT achieved good performances in identifying different longitudinal driving behaviors. The outcome of the present work could contribute to the fields of traffic management and traffic safety, providing important support for the realization of intelligent transport systems and the improvement of driving safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Radioluminescent nuclear battery has been widely studied for its miniaturization and long life. In this study, all‐inorganic perovskite quantum dots (CsPbBr3 QDs) were selected as a novel wave‐shifting agent combined with liquid scintillator PPO (2,5‐diphenyloxazole). The QDs were used to regulate the emission spectrum to match different GaAs devices. The maximum output power of the RL nuclear battery was greatly enhanced by 1.91 to 2.53 times. Perovskite QDs with adjustable emission spectra were used as wave‐shifting agents and exhibited more excellent properties and application prospects than traditional wave‐shifting agents. The Monte Carlo method was used to simulate the energy deposition of fluorescent materials under various radioactive source models. Results verified the advantages of using liquid radioactive sources and liquid fluorescent materials. The application and reference value of perovskite QDs in nuclear detection and nuclear medical imaging were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium slag, an industrial byproduct containing high contents of CaO and MgO, was activated with CO 2 to prepare calcium carbonate binders via accelerated carbonation. The mechanical strength, microstructure, and volume stability of the carbonate binders were investigated. Results show that calcium carbonate binders with high compressive strengths of up to 119.5 MPa are prepared via accelerated carbonation of magnesium slag pastes. This is attributed to the formation of calcium carbonates in terms of calcite and vaterite, yielding an enhanced product matrix with dense microstructure and high mechanical performance. The water to magnesium slag ratio (W/S) strongly influences the compressive strengths of the carbonate binders, and increasing W/S ratio decreases the compressive strengths. CO 2 activated magnesium slag paste shows a stable volume without causing excessive expansion when cured in 60 °C water. This study provides a new way to prepare calcium carbonate binders integrating the magnesium slag recycling and CO 2 sequestration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keep improving nuclear battery based on liquid scintillators! GaInP/GaAs/Ge X-ray RL nuclear batteries based on liquid scintillators were investigated under the irradiation of the X-ray tube. Under the same excited condition, the battery coupled to Ultima Gold generated the best electric power compared with that coupled to Emulsifier-Safe or Bioscint. To improve the performances of the battery based on Ultima Gold, the surface of the quartz cuvette was covered with Al film to increase the availability of luminescence. Subsequently, the output power of the battery based on Ultima Gold improved. • X-ray radioluminescence nuclear battery based on liquid scintillators was proposed. • The properties of the X-ray radioluminescence nuclear battery was discussed. • The battery with Ultima Gold liquid scintillator can provide higher power output. • The output power of the battery is improved by introducing Al film. The application of liquid scintillators as energy conversion materials in nuclear batteries was proposed. By introducing liquid scintillators, the output properties of radioluminescence (RL) nuclear batteries based on different liquid scintillators were investigated via low-energy X-ray. Results indicated that the values of short circuit current I sc and maximum output power P max increased as the X-ray intensity increased, and the output power of nuclear battery with Ultima Gold liquid scintillator was greater than those of batteries with Emulsifier-Safe or Bioscint liquid scintillator under excitation condition of 25 kV tube voltage. To analyze the RL effects of the liquid scintillators under X-ray excitation, we measured the RL spectra of the different liquid scintillators. Considering luminescence utilization in batteries, the surface of the quartz cuvette was covered with Al film. Al is a high-performance reflective material that can increase the scintillation light released by Ultima Gold, reaching the GaInP/GaAs/Ge device. After covering a thin Al film, the output power of the battery was significantly improved under X-ray excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Space microscientific instruments require power supplies that are sustainable, stable, and long life. A micro-radioisotope thermoelectric generator can be used as a sustainable long-life power supply for low-power-device applications. This study innovatively proposes micro stacked-integrated annular-radial radioisotope thermoelectric generator and prepares a multilayer prototype to drive various LEDs as a demo. A high-performance micro-radioisotope thermoelectric generator module based on a flexible printed circuit is designed and prepared by screen printing. At a temperature difference of 48 K, the voltage density is 2.21 V cm−3, and the power density is 514.25 μW cm−3. When loaded with 1.564 W heat sources, a 10-layer prototype generates an open-circuit voltage of 0.815 V, a short-circuit current of 0.551 mA, and an output power of 114.38 μW. The maximum series voltages are 0.929 and 2.2 V for the 10- and 30-layer prototypes. The short-circuit current of the 5-layer parallel prototype is 1.18 mA, and the voltage is hardly reduced. In the impact evaluation on ambient temperature, the electrical output of the prototype increases with increased temperature (−30 °C–120 °C). In the different configurations of the prototype, the 10-layer, 30-layer series, and 5-layer parallel prototypes are proposed, thereby providing considerable output. The developed generator is expected to provide reliable power support for space microscientific instruments. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • The power output of micro-RTG prototype was improved by stacking. • Flexible circuit board was used to optimize RTG component. • Integrated prototype powers various-color LED devices in application demo. • Temperature effect on 10-layer prototype performance was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modeling videos and image sets by linear subspaces has achieved great success in various visual recognition tasks. However, subspaces constructed from visual data are always notoriously embedded in a high-dimensional ambient space, which limits the applicability of existing techniques. This letter explores the possibility of proposing a geometry-aware framework for constructing lower-dimensional subspaces with maximum discriminative power from high-dimensional subspaces in the supervised scenario. In particular, we make use of Riemannian geometry and optimization techniques on matrix manifolds to learn an orthogonal projection, which shows that the learning process can be formulated as an unconstrained optimization problem on a Grassmann manifold. With this natural geometry, any metric on the Grassmann manifold can theoretically be used in our model. Experimental evaluations on several data sets show that our approach results in significantly higher accuracy than other state-of-the-art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Given independent and flexible power supply requirements of space apparatus, miniaturized radioisotope thermoelectric generators are currently playing an increasing role in space power systems. This study creatively proposes a miniaturized integrated-design radioisotope thermoelectric generator based on concentric filament architecture and is the first to formulate a practical battery entity. When heat source temperature is 398.15 K, the maximum open-circuit voltage of 418.82 mV and the maximum output power of 150.95 μW are obtained. The COMSOL is used to simulate precisely the thermoelectric conversion process and optimize the structural size of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator. The optimal results are obtained when the ratio of N- to P-type circle radius and the thermoelectric filament's length are 0.1 and 20 mm, respectively. In this case, the battery obtains the maximum output power of 423.50 μW and open-circuit voltage of 605.84 mV when heat source temperature is 398.15 K. When the thermoelectric filament's curvature is 170°, the electrical density value increases more remarkably than that of 0°. Its effective open-circuit voltage density and output power density are 73.79 mV cm−3 and 53.76 μW cm−3, respectively. The optimized miniaturized radioisotope thermoelectric generator is able to provide power support for space microelectronic devices. Highlights • Miniaturized RTG prototype based on concentric filament architecture was prepared. • The simulation feasibility was well verified by experimental and analog comparison. • The RTG's structural parameters are rigorously optimized by finite element method. • The novel structural design and optimization ideas have a good application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the joint geometric and photometric image registration problem. The inverse compositional (IC) algorithm and the efficient second-order minimization (ESM) algorithm are two typical efficient methods applied to the geometric registration problem. Their efficiency stems from the utilization of the group structure of geometric transformations. To allow for photometric variations, the dual IC algorithm (DIC) proposed by Bartoli performs joint geometric and photometric image registration by extending the IC algorithm. The group structures of both geometric and photometric transformations are exploited. Despite the robustness to large photometric variations, DIC is vulnerable to large geometric deformations. The ESM algorithm is extended by Silveira et al. to address photometric variations. In their approach, the photometric transformations are modeled in Euclidean space. Their approach is robust to relatively large geometric and photometric transformations; however, it is not efficient for large photometric variations. We propose a new efficient and robust image registration method by exploiting the non-Euclidean Lie group structure of joint geometric and photometric transformations for both grayscale and color images. The image registration is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem. In our method, the geometric and photometric transformations are jointly parameterized by their corresponding Lie algebras. Based on this parameterization approach, the second-order approximation strategy of ESM is employed to optimize the joint geometric and photometric parameters. The error function in the nonlinear least squares problem is approximated by a second-order Taylor expansion with respect to joint geometric and photometric parameters without computing the Hessian matrix. For further efficiency, independent convergence criteria for geometric and photometric parameters are used in the iterative optimization process. The superiority of our proposed method over the previous methods, in terms of efficiency, accuracy, and robustness, is demonstrated through extensive experiments on synthetic and real data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Self-doping of TiO 2 (O−) on PANi(ES+) occurs in PANi/TiO 2 composite. • PANi in doping state is unstable and easy to dedope in non-acid solution. • PANi/TiO 2 composite has impressive selective adsorption of Zn2+>Pb2+>>Cu2+. • The selectivity of PANi/TiO 2 composite is determined by TiO 2. • The selective adsorption was achieved by the synergetic effect between PANi and TiO 2. Abstract Design and synthesis of adsorbents with high adsorption selectivity are important for the treatment of the wastewater which contains multiple metal ions. Herein, a PANi(ES+)/TiO 2 (O−) composite is the subject of an investigation into the synergetic effect of a polymer/metal oxide composite and the mechanism of selective adsorption towards heavy metal ions. The self-doping nature of TiO 2 (O−) to PANi was first discovered through characterizations including FT-IR, zeta potential analysis, TGA, XRD, SEM-EDS, TEM-EDS, N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and isotherm investigation for Pb (II), Zn (II) and Cu (II) in single/multiple metal ion system, which was confirmed to contribute to the novel selectivity of the PANi/TiO 2 composite of Zn2+>Pb2+>>Cu2+ in a multiple metal ion system. The synergistic mechanism between the conjugated polymer and metal oxide for selective adsorption was discussed and proposed subsequently, which was suggested that the metastability of the doped state of PANi (ES+) would result in the dedoping of the TiO 2 (O−) in a non-acid solution (pH = 5), further leading to the doping of cationic heavy metal ions on TiO 2 (O−). The mechanism we proposed can satisfactorily explain the selective adsorption properties of the polymer/metal oxide composite system and provide general guidance for designing an adsorbent with expected selective adsorption properties for water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and efficient process method for the preparation of strontium bismuth oxides (SBOs) via an impregnation-calcination method is presented. The synthesized active materials are characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electrochemical performance of the as-synthesized SBO samples is observed to decrease gradually as the strontium content is increased from 25% to 50%. The SBO sample with a Sr/Bi ratio of 1 : 3 shows the highest specific capacitance of 1228.7 F g−1 (specific capacity of 204.8 mAh g−1) at a current density of 1 A g−1 and a good cycling stability (75.1%) over 3000 charge-discharge cycles. The improved performance of the supercapacitors can be attributed to the unique structural features resulting from the addition of appropriate portions of Sr, which supports high electron conductivity and rapid ion/electron transport within the electrode and at the electrode/electrolyte interface. All the results show that the SBOs have considerable potential for use as high-performance battery-type electrodes in supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming toward a single sector model of a central staged gas turbine combustor, this study developed a suitable numerical simulation calculation method coupled with a chemical reaction mechanism. A three-dimensional numerical simulation of the combustor was conducted on the basis of the validated numerical simulation method. The spatial production characteristics of NOx in each path of the combustor were analyzed by the plane integral method. The influence of payload and fuel allocation method on the NOx production of the combustor was also discussed. Results indicate the following. (1) Under 100% payload, the production of thermal NOx in the burnout zone contributed about 80% of NOx production due to the high temperature region, and the production of NOx in burnout zone (BOZ) contributed the highest, about 50% to the NOx fraction at the outlet of the combustor. The corner recirculation zone that contributed the least, which was about 10%. (2) As the payload increased from 30% to 100%, the NOx concentration at the outlet of the combustor increased exponentially by 75.58% and 156.85%. Thermal NOx was the most important NOx production path in each working condition and area, which contributed about 65–80% to the total production of NOx under different payloads. (3) The optimal fuel allocation method that suppressed NOx production and considered combustion performance was established. Under this method, the outlet NOx concentration was 13.03 ppm. • Validations of numerical methods and methane mechanism used to predict Temperature and NOx emission in combustor. • The spatial distribution of the NOx produced in each path was analyzed. • The effect of payload on the temperature and NOx production was investigated. • An optimized fuel allocation method for combustion stability and NOx emissions was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Climate has been regarded as an important explanation for large‐scale species richness patterns. However, the mechanisms underlying the significant variations in species richness–climate relationships across different clades remain to be tested. We explored how niche conservatism, diversification rates and time for speciation influenced species richness–climate relationships between clades. Location: The globe. Time Period: Present day. Major Taxa Studied: Angiosperms. Methods: Based on a newly complied database of the global distributions of 288,735 angiosperm species, we used generalized linear models to assess the relationships between species richness of different angiosperm families and climatic factors. We also conducted phylogenetic comparative analysis to test whether niche conservatism, diversification rates and time for speciation affect the variations in species richness–climate relationships. Results: We found that temperature seasonality dominated the global angiosperm diversity patterns. Closely related families had more similar species richness–climate relationships than distantly related ones. The discrepancy between the current and ancestral niches of different clades had much stronger effects on variations in species richness–climate relationships than diversification rates and time for speciation. With the increase in the discrepancy between current and ancestral niches, the explanatory power (i.e., R2) of contemporary temperature and precipitation in explaining species richness patterns increased. Main Conclusions: Overall, our findings strongly support that niche conservatism dominates the variations in species richness–climate relationships across taxonomic groups. These findings allow better understanding on how large‐scale species diversity patterns are formed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the undesirable chlorine evolution reaction (ClER) severely limit the hydrogen production efficiency of seawater electrolysis. The organic electrooxidation reactions, involving C–H bond oxidation with low bond dissociation energy in the rate-limiting step, can possess lower oxidation potential than the OER as well as prevent the ClER. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy for replacing the sluggish OER by thermodynamically favorable biomass oxidation for scaling up the electrolysis of alkaline seawater. A xylose electrooxidation reaction (XOR) holds great promise for superseding the OER in seawater electrolysis, which not only simultaneously produces valuable formic acid and hydrogen, but also improves energy utilization. By utilizing NiCoP metal phosphide as the bifunctional electrode, the XOR shows an apparent overpotential reduction of 290 mV at 100 mA cm−2 as compared with the OER in the alkaline seawater electrolyte. Furthermore, the xylose-assisted seawater electrolysis exhibits a high formic acid selectivity of at least 94.6% and a high hydrogen production rate of 150 mL cm−2. This work provides a universal and an effective pathway for hydrogen production from seawater and biomass upgrading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading malignant cancers. DNA damage response (DDR), referring to the molecular process of DNA damage, is emerging as a promising field in targeted cancer therapy. However, the engagement of DDR in the remodeling of the tumor microenvironment is rarely studied. In this study, by sequential nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm, pseudotime analysis, cell–cell interaction analysis, and SCENIC analysis, we have shown that DDR genes demonstrate various patterns among different cell types in CRC TME (tumor microenvironment), especially in epithelial cells, cancer‐associated fibroblasts, CD8+ T cells, tumor‐associated macrophages, which enhance the intensity of intercellular communication and transcription factor activation. Furthermore, based on the newly identified DDR‐related TME signatures, cell subtypes including MNAT+CD8+T_cells‐C5, POLR2E+Mac‐C10, HMGB2+Epi‐C4, HMGB1+Mac‐C11, PER1+Mac‐C5, PER1+CD8+T_cells‐C1, POLR2A+Mac‐C1, TDG+Epi‐C5, TDG+CD8+T_cells‐C8 are determined as critical prognostic factors for CRC patients and predictors of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy efficacy in two public CRC cohorts, TCGA‐COAD and GSE39582. Our novel and systematic analysis on the level of the single‐cell analysis has revealed the unique role of DDR in remodeling CRC TME for the first time, facilitating the prediction of prognosis and guidance of personalized ICB regimens in CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A concentric thermoelectric filament structure used for radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) is designed to satisfy low-power and high-voltage demands for aerospace microelectronic devices. The thermoelectric filament is proven to have a better output voltage than the traditional thermoelectric structure by using COMSOL. The unbreakable thermoelectric filament and corresponding devices are prepared by employing a simple and easy brush coating process. A single thermoelectric filament obtains an open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 6.0 mV and a maximum power output ( P max ) of 2.0 μW at 398.15 K hot surface temperature. An array of thermoelectric filaments is fabricated for the radioisotope heat source of planar heat surface, which obtains V oc of 83.5 mV and P max of 32.1 μW at the hot surface temperature of 398.15 K, thereby verifying the practicability of the concentric filament structure in devices. Another radial thermoelectric filament device is designed for the cylindrical heat source. This device exports 84.5 mV V oc and 42.5 μW P max at the hot surface temperature of 398.15 K. These thermoelectric devices could gain larger electrical performance in small space through further series connection and fabrication, which will be a commendable design scheme for the radioisotope thermoelectric generator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr1.5I1.5 perovskite quantum dots (QDs) are synthesized by hot‐injection with PPO (2,5‐diphenyloxazole) as a fluorescent material for radioluminescent nuclear battery. The results reveal that the fluorescence of the QD/PPO system consists of radioluminescence (4.79%‐5.35%) and photoluminescence (nearly 95%). The addition of QDs leads to more excellent optical and electrical properties of radioluminescent nuclear battery. The peak position of the radioluminescence spectra of QD/PPO can be regulated by controlling the components of QDs. This strategy is suitable for obtaining a satisfactory spectral matching factor for different photovoltaic devices to obtain outstanding output performance. Moreover, good selection of QD/PPO as a fluorescent material can significantly improve the overall output performance of the radioluminescent nuclear battery. The linear relationship between optical and electrical properties was presented. Perovskite QDs exhibit excellent application prospects for the (α, β, γ, and X‐ray sources) radioluminescent nuclear battery and X‐ray imaging technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aberrant expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) has been considered to be associated with pancreatic carcinogenesis and progression. DNMT3a is widely involved in cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. However, its regulation of chemosensitivity to gemcitabine (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OXA) in p53-deficient PDAC remains unclear. In the present study, the effect and mechanisms of DNMT3a on GEM and OXA chemosensitivity in p53-deficient PDAC cells were investigated using MTT assay, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis analysis and western blotting. The treatment of GEM and OXA induced S phase arrest by DNA damage, and enhanced the activation of the AKT signaling pathway in Panc-1 cells. Downregulation of DNMT3a increased the chemosensitivity to both GEM and OXA in Panc-1 cells. DNMT3a depletion distinctly abolished S phase arrest induced by GEM and OXA. Further research demonstrated that activation inhibition of CHK1 and AKT, as well as an increase in apoptosis, were involved in DNMT3a-mediated chemosensitivity to GEM and OXA. Taken together, these data demonstrated that DNMT3a serves a crucial role in the regulation of chemosensitivity to GEM and OXA, and suggests a promising therapeutic target for p53-deficient PDAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A radioisotope thermoelectric generator based on (Bi, Sb) 2 (Te, Se) 3 thermoelectric material was designed as a miniature long-life power supply for low-power devices. In the finite element method simulation, the maximum hot-side temperature is approximately 400 K, and the voltage could reach 0.3 V for one single-layer module at 0.5 W heat source. Thermocouples films were prepared by screen printing. And one single-layer module, which was composed of five thermocouples, produces a power of 12 nW at 7.0 mV in the test. It is predicted that 100-layer modules would generate 2.31 mW at 2.34 V, and the maximum power density and maximum conversion efficiency are 0.51 mW cm −3 and 0.46%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuO 1− x cluster-modified TiO 2 (CuO 1− x /TiO 2 ) photocatalysts were prepared by an in-situ photoreduction deposition of Cu on TiO 2 powder support using copper acetate as a Cu source. The prepared samples without any Pt co-catalyst present an especially high photocatalytic H 2 -evolution activity under solar light irradiation with 5% glycerol as sacrificial agent. The optimal CuO 1− x /TiO 2 catalyst with only 1 wt% CuO 1− x exhibits a high activity of 1725 μmol h −1 g −1 for H 2 evolution, which reaches 120 times that of TiO 2 . The high photocatalytic activity of H 2 production is attributed to the highly dispersed CuO 1− x nano clusters on the surface of the TiO 2 . In addition, Pt/CuO 1− x /TiO 2 was also prepared by loading Pt on CuO 1− x /TiO 2 sample, and its photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity is enhanced 1.8 times compared with that of Pt/TiO 2 for overall water splitting reaction under solar light, demonstrating that a small amount CuO 1− x wondrously improves the photocatalytic activity of Pt/TiO 2 for overall water splitting reaction. This paper reports an economic and simple approach to prepare a photocatalyst with high hydrogen-production activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The fan nozzle combinies the orifice and the fan-shaped exit to control the flow characteristics and atomization angle respectively. • The spatial fuel distribution could be described as a complex three-dimensional (3D) fuel field, which included: upwind, core, and leeward areas. • Compared with the direct injection nozzle, the fan nozzle is more suitable for an ignition nozzle in integrated afterburner. • The spray characteristics of the fan nozzle in the afterburn environment were obtained. In this study, an innovative fan nozzle was designed to improve the ignition and cross-flame performance of the integrated afterburner and the spray characteristics of the fan nozzle in an afterburner environment were studied. A laser particle analyzer and a high-speed camera were used to study the impact of pump pressure and inlet air parameters on Sauter mean diameter (SMD) distribution, penetration depth and atomization angle. The results showed that the spatial fuel distribution was a complex three-dimensional (3D) fuel field, which included three regions: upwind, core, and leeward areas. The SMD decreased as the pump pressure increased, and the SMD increased with the increase temperature. The penetration depth in the cross air was divided into internal and external penetration; the internal and external penetration depths increased firstly and then tended to be stable as the pressure. The internal and external penetration depths decreased as cross air velocity; the increase in temperature and pressure of cross air could make the internal and external penetration depth decrease. The cross air parameters and pump pressure were very important parameters. The atomization angle increased as the pump pressure and the atomization angle decreased as cross air velocity. The atomization angle decreases as the cross air temperature slightly. The results showed that fan nozzles were more suitable for ignition and cross flame in the cavity of the afterburner than the direct injection nozzles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As a potential target receptor tyrosine kinase, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) exhibits high aberrant expression across various tumors. This study aimed to evaluated the safety, tolerability, efficacy and pharmacokinetics (PK) of BPI-9016M, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) targeting c-MET, in c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods/design: In this two-part multicenter phase Ib study, eligible patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC harboring c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation were enrolled into Part A (tested positive for c-MET overexpression [immunohistochemical staining score ≥ 2+]; 300 mg quaque die [QD], 450 mg QD and 600 mg QD cohorts) or Part B (tested positive for MET exon 14 skipping mutation; 400 mg bis in die [BID] cohort), respectively. The primary endpoints were safety, objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR), the second endpoints were PK parameters, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: Between March 15, 2017 and September 18, 2021, 38 patients were enrolled (Part A, n = 34; Part B, n = 4). Of 38 patients, 32 (84.2%) patients completed the treatment protocol. As of the data cut-off date on January 27, 2022, all patients reported at least one treatment-emergent adverse event (TEAE). Ninety-two point one percent (35/38) of patients experienced treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs), and grade ≥ 3 TRAEs were observed in 11 (28.9%) patients. The most common TRAEs were elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 14/38, 36.8%) and elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 11/38, 28.9%). Only one (2.6%) patient had treatment-related serious adverse event (SAE) in 600 mg QD cohort due to thrombocytopenia. PK analysis showed BPI-9016M and its main metabolites (M1 and M2-2) reached steady state after seven days of continuous administration. At the dose of 300 mg QD and 450 mg QD, the exposure of BPI-9016M increased with increasing dose. Exposure of BPI-9016M was similar at 450 mg QD and 600 mg QD, which may exhibit a saturation trend. In all patients, ORR and DCR were 2.6% (1/38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1–13.8%) and 42.1% (16/38, 95% CI 26.3–59.2%), respectively. Only one partial response (PR) patient was observed at a dose of 600 mg QD in Part A. In Part B, DCR was 75.0% (3/4, 95% CI 19.4–99.4%). The median PFS and OS in all 38 patients were 1.9 months (95% CI 1.9–3.7) and 10.3 months (95% CI 7.3–not evaluable [NE]), respectively. Conclusion: BPI-9016M showed manageable safety profile in c-MET overexpression or MET exon 14 skipping mutation patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, but showed limited efficacy. Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02929290 (11/10/2016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Basalt fiber composites are beneficial for electrical equipment because of their low weight, strong strength, high temperature resistance, and corrosion resistance. Three different sizing agents were developed to modify basalt fibers in order to improve the interface bonding state of basalt fiber composites. The morphology, composition, and surface energy of the modified fibers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, contact angle analysis, and other methods. The findings demonstrated that the sizing agent can be well adsorbed on the fiber surface, and the modification effect was best at a polyurethane lotion concentration of 1wt%. The mechanical properties of the composite, including flexural strength, flexural modulus, tensile strength, and interlaminar shear strength, were increased by 21.05%, 31.46%, 13.89%, and 41.46%, respectively. In terms of insulation performance, the breakdown strength can be increased by 31.73%, and the leakage current and dielectric loss factor can be reduced by 22.76% and 12.32%, respectively. The maximum decomposition rate and storage modulus of the composites dropped, while the glass transition temperature rose, according to the TGA and DMA data following the sizing agent treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosocial behavior plays a vital role in adolescents' well-being and social functioning, with the recall of early emotional experiences being a major influence. Positive experiences such as early memories of warmth and safeness (EMWS) contribute to prosocial interpersonal characteristics, whereas adverse experiences such as child psychological abuse and neglect (CPAN) lead to social withdrawal or behavioral problems. The direct effects of EMWS and CPAN on prosocial behavior were investigated in this study, along with the mediation effect of psychological suzhi and the moderation effect of subjective socioeconomic status (SSS). A sample of 948 adolescents (Mage = 14.05 years, SD = 1.68 years; 43.6% females) was randomly recruited to complete self-report questionnaires. Correlation results indicated that EMWS promoted prosocial behavior, whereas CPAN was negatively associated with prosocial behavior. Path analyses confirmed the mediating role of psychological suzhi on the effects of EMWS and CPAN on prosocial behavior. SSS was shown to moderate the effects of EMWS on prosocial behavior and CPAN on psychological suzhi. Compared to lower SSS, higher SSS would reinforce the positive impact of EMWS on prosocial behavior and exacerbate the negative impact of CPAN on psychological suzhi. The current study provided new insight into understanding the underlying mechanisms of prosocial behavior from the perspective of early emotional experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, full iron tailings concrete (FITC) was created using iron tailings from a tailings pond in Qian'an, China. Iron tailings account for 86.8% of the total mass of solid raw materials in the FITC. To enable large-scale use of FITC, a comprehensive investigation of the structural behaviour of full-iron tailing-reinforced concrete (FITRC) specimens is warranted. Therefore, eight rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns with conventional reinforced concrete (CRC) as a control were tested to investigate the effects of section dimensions, initial eccentricities, and concrete strengths, on the structural behaviour of FITRC columns under large eccentric short-term loading. The experimental and analytical results indicated that the sectional strain of the FITRC columns satisfied the plane-section assumption under short-term loading, and the lateral deflection curve agreed well with the half-sinusoidal curve. In addition, the FITRC columns exhibited a slightly lower cracking load and lower ultimate load capacity than the CRC columns, and the crack widths were larger than those of the CRC columns. The reduction in the load capacity observed in the FITRC was within the permissible range stated in the design code, thereby satisfying the code requirements. The deformation coefficients of the FITRC and CRC columns were identical, and the cracking and ultimate loads calculated according to the current code and theories were in good agreement with the measured results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iruplinalkib (WX-0593) is an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)/c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Here we reported the single-arm, phase II study (INTELLECT) results of the efficacy and safety of iruplinalkib for ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Methods: ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced NSCLC patients aged ≥18 years, with Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0–2 were eligible. Patients received iruplinalkib 180 mg orally once daily for a 21-day cycle with a 7-day lead-in phase at 60 mg orally once daily. The primary endpoint was the independent review committee (IRC)-assessed objective response rate (ORR). Results: From August 7, 2019, to October 30, 2020, 146 patients were included. As of the data cut-off date on November 30, 2021, the median follow-up time was 18.2 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 16.8–18.8). IRC-assessed ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 69.9% (95% CI 61.7–77.2%) and 96.6% (95% CI 92.2–98.9%), respectively. Investigator-assessed ORR and DCR were 63.0% (95% CI 54.6–70.8%) and 94.5% (95% CI 89.5–97.6%), respectively. Investigator-assessed median duration of response and progression-free survival (the same as median time to progression) were 13.2 months (95% CI 10.4–17.7) and 14.5 months (95% CI 11.7–20.0), respectively. Corresponding IRC-assessed results were 14.4 months (95% CI 13.1–not evaluable [NE]), 19.8 months (95% CI 14.5–NE), and NE (95% CI 14.5–NE), respectively. Investigator-assessed intracranial ORRs were 46% (41/90, 95% CI 35–56%) in patients with central nervous system metastases and 64% (27/42, 95% CI 48–78%) in patients with measurable intracranial lesions. Overall survival data were immature. Treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 136/146 (93.2%) patients. The most common TRAEs were aspartate aminotransferase increased (63 [43.2%]), alanine aminotransferase increased (54 [37.0%]), and blood creatine phosphokinase increased (51 [34.9%]). Dose interruption, reduction, and discontinuation due to TRAEs occurred in 21 (14.4%), 16 (11.0%), and four (2.7%) patients, respectively. Conclusions: In this study, iruplinalkib (WX-0593) demonstrated favorable efficacy and manageable safety profiles in patients with ALK-positive crizotinib-resistant advanced NSCLC. Iruplinalkib could be a new treatment option for this patient population. Trial registration: Center for Drug Evaluation of National Medical Products Administration of China: CTR20190789, registered on April 28, 2019; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04641754, registered on November 24, 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global Phase III IMpower132 study evaluating atezolizumab plus pemetrexed and carboplatin or cisplatin (APP) versus pemetrexed plus carboplatin or cisplatin (PP) for first‐line treatment of non‐squamous advanced non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) met its co‐primary progression‐free survival (PFS) endpoint at the primary analysis in the intention‐to‐treat (ITT) population. Although the co‐primary overall survival (OS) endpoint was not met, numerical OS improvement favoring APP over PP was observed at the final analysis. We report primary results for Chinese patients in IMpower132. Methods: Treatment‐naive Chinese patients with non‐squamous stage IV EGFR/ALK mutation‐negative NSCLC were randomized 1:1 to receive 4 or 6 cycles of APP or PP, followed by maintenance atezolizumab plus pemetrexed or pemetrexed. Co‐primary endpoints were investigator‐assessed PFS and OS. Results: The ITT population included 163 Chinese patients (82 in the APP arm and 81 in the PP arm). At data cutoff (median follow‐up, 11.7 months), the median PFS in the APP and PP arms was 8.3 and 5.8 months, respectively; the unstratified hazard ratio (HR) was 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50, 1.08). At the interim OS analysis, median OS was not estimable in either arm; the unstratified HR was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.40, 1.24). No new safety signals were observed. Conclusion: Among Chinese patients in IMpower132, PFS benefit was seen with APP versus PP. Though interim OS data were immature, there was a trend toward OS benefit favoring APP versus PP. The safety profile of the APP was consistent with the known risks of the individual treatment components. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02657434. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lobectomy for second primary lung cancer in a patient with previous pneumonectomy is seldom done because most such patients either have inadequate pulmonary reserve or metastatic disease at other sites. This is different than when this type of surgery is done for benign disease where the lobe to be resected is already non functional. We report a case where successful right lower lobectomy for a second primary lung cancer was carried out in a 53 year old man who had had a left pneumonectomy eight years before. We conclude that, although this type of approach can be worthwhile, surgeons must be cautious and selective before doing so. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work mainly investigates the radiation effects and the damage mechanism on the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) irradiated by two dose rates of Co γ-rays. Experimental results reveal that the performance of DSSC decreases significantly after irradiation, and the degradation rates of the short circuit current and the maximum power in the high dose rate both outweigh those in the low dose rate at the same adsorbed dose. The γ radiation effects on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) and electrolyte were also studied respectively to investigate the degradation rates of DSSC at different dose rates. The results indicate that the degradation rates are closely relative to concentration of γ irradiation-induced defect on FTO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study cold and hot nuclear matter effects on charmonium production in p+Pb collisions at s NN = 5.02 TeV in a transport approach. At the forward rapidity, the cold medium effect on all the c c ¯ states and the hot medium effect on the excited c c ¯ states only can explain well the J / ψ and ψ ′ yield and transverse momentum distribution measured by the ALICE collaboration, and we predict a significantly larger ψ ′ p T broadening in comparison with J / ψ . However, we can not reproduce the J / ψ and ψ ′ data at the backward rapidity with reasonable cold and hot medium effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ignition performance of combustors with different head structures are investigated. • The ignition performance envelope of an annular combustor is further improved. • Four ignition patterns of combustible mixture at the outlet of swirler are summarized. • The changes of time parameters during ignition are statistically and quantitatively analyzed. This study examined the ignition performance of a triple-dome sector combustor via experiments. For this, the self-radiation flame image in the dynamic ignition process taken by the high-speed camera was processed, and the results were analyzed. The experimental results obtained are given as follows: 1) Based on ignition performance, the ignition performance envelope of an annular combustor is mainly divided into unburnt zone, nonpropagating zone, and ignition success zone; 2) Based on dynamic flame image processing and analysis, four ignition patterns of combustible mixture at the outlet of swirler are summarized in the combustor with high-temperature hot jet flame as ignition mode; 3) The changes of time parameters in the ignition process are obtained through image processing. It is found that in the successful ignition zone, the growth time of swirling flame and ignition time decrease with the increase in fuel–air-ratio; 4) The effects of the head structure parameters on the ignition performance and flame circumferential propagating time of the combustor are analyzed. This study also summarized several typical combustor ignition modes in the triple-dome sector combustor and improved the ignition performance envelope of the annular combustor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]