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212. The origin of the color of pearls in iridescence from nano-composite structures of the nacre

Author

Snow, Michael R., Pring, Allan, Self, Peter, Losic, Dusan, and Shapter, Joe

Subjects
Mineralogy -- Research, Earth sciences
Abstract

The origin of the variety of body colors exhibited by South Sea Pearls is in part due to a newly recognized structure of the nacre, the edge-hand structure, which gives rise to interference colors characteristic of its width. With the pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima, the colors include a range of silver tones, creams, yellows, and gold in various degrees of color saturation. We establish here that the primary body color of P. maxima pearls arises from the interference of light within the binding regions of the aragonite tiles. The tile faces terminate in a fissured nano-composite structure containing organic matrix within the margin of the aragonite tiles. This edge-band structure gives rise to an optical film formed of organic matrix in aragonite. The TEM images show that the edge-band structure width increases progressively from 74(4) nm in a silver pearl, to 80(4) nm in a cream pearl, and to 90(4) nm in a gold pearl. These colors are the first-order Newton's colors, which, when mixed with the specular reflection of the nacre and modified by any pigmentation present, give rise to the body color of pearls. The non-metallic whiter pearls more commonly seen can be accounted for by disorder of this structure leading to unsaturation of the color.

Published
2004

242. Controlled release from porous platforms

Author

Simovic, Spomenka, Losic, Dusan, and Vasilev, Krasimir

Subjects
Drugs -- Vehicles, Polymers -- Usage -- Analysis, Drug delivery systems -- Usage -- Analysis, Business, Pharmaceuticals and cosmetics industries
Abstract

The authors present a method for controlling the release of therapeutics by applying a plasma polymer layer to the surface of porous materials. The current study applied this technique to [...]

Published
2011

247. Extrusion‐Printed CNT–Graphene Sensor Array with Embedded MXene/PEDOT:PSS Heater for Enhanced NO2 Sensing at Low Temperature.

Author

Hassan, Kamrul, Stanley, Nathan, Tung, Tran Thanh, Yap, Pei Lay, Rastin, Hadi, Yu, Le, and Losic, Dusan

Subjects
SENSOR arrays, CONDUCTIVE ink, POLYMER electrodes, LOW temperatures, HEATING, CHEMICAL affinity, CONDUCTING polymers
Abstract

Wearable sensors are currently one of the top emerging areas with enormous growth potential. Low‐cost fabrication techniques using simple and scalable printing technologies are making a significant impact on their development. Recent advances in high‐performance gas/vapor sensors based on carbon nanomaterials have shown potential applications ranging from disease diagnostics to environmental monitoring and defences. Herein, a hybrid sensing material of 1D carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and 2D graphene is developed, and a conductive ink is formulated, which is applied for fabricating a nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensor array within a compact design utilizing extrusion printing. To improve NO2‐sensing performance and optimal operating temperature, a reverse‐side layer is designed, which combines MXene and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐doped poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and functions as a Joule heater. The printed CNT–graphene‐based sensor with an embedded MXene/PEDOT:PSS heater is capable of detecting trace amounts of NO2 gas (1 ppm) at 65 °C. The sensor is able to distinguish between various gases/volatile organic compounds and target NO2 gas based on their chemical affinities. The printed CNT–graphene sensor array also demonstrates a high‐level of recoverability, satisfied stability, durability, and reproducibility, which render this sensor a suitable candidate for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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